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Akutsjukvården är ofta den första kontakten en patient har vid ett vårdtillfälle och i många fall även den enda kontakten en patient har med sjukvården. Vid ett besök på en akutmottagning kan en patient träffa ett antal olika vårdare av olika yrkeskategorier, vilket resulterar i många möten med många tillfällen till att få ett bra och/eller dåligt bemötande.Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av vårdpersonalens bemötande på akutmottagning. Datainsamlingen skedde genom sökning i tre databaser för att finna material. 15 artiklar kvalitetsgranskades, alla höll medel till hög kvalité. Där efter analyserades de med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Analysen resulterade i fyra kategorier; “Förväntan att vara i handlingens centrum”, “Att bli lyssnad till av närvarande vårdpersonal”, “Att inte få information och att uppleva ett vacuum” och “Att vara ett objekt i vårdpersonalen ögon och att vara till besvär”. Många patienter upplevde att bemötandet på akutmottagningen var dåligt på grund av brist på information, medan ett gott bemötande upplevdes när vårdpersonal var närvarande och gav patienter möjlighet att berätta sin historia.

Bakgrund: Navelsträngs-pH tas rutinmässigt på nästan alla nyfödda barn i Sverige, det finns nu olika uppfattningar om navelsträngs-pH:ts nytta. Forskning visar att navelsträngs-pH har klinisk nytta för barn som föds vid högriskförlossningar, barnets nytta ses inte vid lågriskförlossningar. Själva provtagningsförfarandet ses inte utgöra några direkta risker för barnet. Det är viktigt att barnmorskors resonemang kring navelsträngs-pH synliggörs eftersom pH-provtagningen igår i barnmorskans ansvarsområde. Syfte: Att synliggöra hur barnmorskor inom förlossningsvård resonerar kring det nyfödda barnets nytta av navelsträngs-pH. Metod: Semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes med sex barnmorskor verksamma vid förlossningsavdelning. För dataanalys användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet redovisas i tre kategorier: Navelsträngs-pH är till nytta för barn som föds medtagna; Navelsträngs-pH är inte till nytta för det friska barnet och Navelsträngs-pH tas (ändå) på alla barn. Ett Övergripande tema sammanlänkar kategorierna: Ambivalens inför rutinmässigt Navelsträngs-pH, vilket visar på den ambivalens barnmorskorna känner inför navelsträngs-pH på friska barn. Konklusion: Barnmorskorna följer rådande rutin och tar navelsträngs-pH på alla barn. Barnmorskorna lyfter att navelsträngs-pH har stor nytta för det medtagna barnet, då ger en inarbetad rutin trygghet. På det friska barnet önskar dock barnmorskorna få göra en individuell bedömning. För att kunna göra bedömningen på ett medicinskt säkert sätt behöver nya riktlinjer utarbetas. / Background: Umbilical-cord-pH is routinely tested at almost all births in Sweden, however views differ regarding the benefits. Studies show that umbilical-cord-pH gives clinical benefits in high-risk deliveries that are not found in low-risk deliveries. Umbilical-cord-pH is not viewed as a risk for the child. It is important to visualize midwives’ reasoning regarding the pH-sampling since it is their responsibility. Aim: To visualize how midwives in delivery care reason regarding the new-born child's benefit from umbilical-cord-pH. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six certified midwives who worked in a delivery ward. Qualitative content analysis was used. Results: The result is presented in three categories: Umbilical-cord-pH is useful for children born poorly; Umbilical-cord-pH does not benefit the healthy child and Umbilical-cord-pH is taken (anyway) on all children. An overall theme links these categories: Ambivalence to routinely take Umbilical-cord-pH, which shows the ambivalence the midwives feel regarding umbilical-cord-pH on healthy children. Conclusion: The midwives follow the established routine and test the umbilical-cord-pH of all children. They emphasize that the umbilical-cord-pH is of great benefit to the child who is born poorly, a well-established routine provides safety. Nevertheless, midwives wish to make individual assessments of the healthy children. New guidelines are needed if this is to be done in a medically secure manner.

Bakgrund: Anhöriga utgör en viktig och betydande del av vården som ges till personer med demenssjukdom. När man vårdar en närstående kan det leda till att man åsidosätter den egna hälsan. Att stödja personer som ger omsorg eller vård till en närstående är viktigt för både den anhöriga och samhället. Anhörigstöd är en sjuksköterskeuppgift.Syfte: Att belysa anhörigas upplevelse av stöd från vårdpersonal på särskilt boende för personer med demenssjukdom.Metod: Studien genomfördes som en deskriptiv kvalitativ intervjustudie. Data från sju semistrukturerade intervjuer analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Anhöriga upplever stöd från vårdpersonal när de blir bemötta på ett bra sätt, när de känner trygghet, när de vet att den närstående får bra vård och när de får information. Stöd från vårdpersonal upplevs inte av alla anhöriga och ses inte som en självklar arbetsuppgift för personalen.Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor kan ge stöd till anhöriga genom att bygga stöttande relationer, främja transparens och involvera anhöriga i planerandet och genomförandet av vården. Anhörigstöd på särskilda boenden behöver utvecklas. / Background: Close family and friends play a significant role in the care provided to people with dementia. When a person cares for a close relative or friend, it can be at the expense of their own health. Support for those who provide care and assistance to a close relative or friend is important for both the carer concerned and for society as a whole. Support for patients’ close family and friends is part of the nursing remit.Purpose: To examine the support provided by the care staff at residential homes for people with dementia as experienced by the family and friends of residents.Method: This research was carried out as a qualitative descriptive study based on interview surveys. Data from seven semi-structured interviews was analysed using a qualitative content analysis technique.Results: Close relatives and friends feel supported by care staff when they are treated appropriately and kindly, when they have a sense of trust and confidence in the environment, when they know that their family member or friend is being well cared for and when they are provided with information. Not all caring relatives and friends perceive that they get support from care staff, nor do they see it as a self-evident part of the job of the care staff.Conclusion: Nursing staff are able to provide support to patients’ close family and friends by forming supportive relationships, promoting transparency and involving patients’ close family and friends in planning and executing the provision of care. Support for close family and friends in the context of residential care needs improvement.

Background: Most patients with leg-ulcers are managed within primary- and community care and a main part of district nurses' duties is to provide leg-ulcer care. Leg-ulcers have an impact on patients' quality of life, health services and society. Previous studies have shown that district nurses have a poor knowledge and fail to work evidence-based within this field. It is therefore of great interest to explore the district nurses' experiences of this matter, as an evidence-based approach is essential to optimize wound-healing and prevent re-occurrence. Aim/ objective: The aim of this study was to explore district nurses' experiences of working evidence-based whilst caring for patients with venous leg-ulcers. Method: The study has a qualitative design with an inductive approach. Data has been collected from members in a closed web-site group on social media, containing nurses countrywide, with experience of leg-ulcer care. A questionnaire with open and closed questions was used. Data from the 55 responses received were analysed using qualitative content analysis, which resulted in two main areas related to Competence and Working environment. Results: The main findings concerned the lack of co-operation with other professional groups, shortage of continuous training, unavailability of time, continuity and other resources, inability of patients to comply, and a need for improved management support. Discussions with more experienced nursing colleagues for advice was regarded as highly important and useful. Conclusions: The result shows that organizational structures hindered the district nurses to work evidence-based. This study can contribute to inspiration and increase the awareness in the different levels within the working organization regarding the importance of working evidence-based on this topic.

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Sjuksköterskans ansvarsområde är stort och slutar inte då en patient avlider utan det inkluderar även omsorg om efterlevande. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att möta efterlevande vid dödsfall inom slutenvården. Den metod som använts för att nå syftet var kvalitativ innehållsanalys med induktiv ansats. Litteratursökningen genomfördes i två databaser samt kompletterades med manuell sökning. Avgränsningar som tidsbegränsning, språk och ålder gjordes och 14 artiklar, som höll tillräcklig kvalité, inkluderades i analysen. Analys resulterade i fyra kategorier; att bli känslomässigt påverkad, att arbetsmiljön påverkar, att vara oförberedd samt att vara professionell. Sjuksköterskor upplevde att bemöta efterlevande var en av de svåraste uppgifter de mötte i sin profession och olika åsikter om hur man är professionell i mötet framkom. Brist på tid och plats påverkade möjligheten till ett omsorgsfullt bemötande liksom känslan av att vara oförberedd och inte veta vad de skall göra. Slutsatsen var att det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan är påläst om vad som hänt med den avlidne och har tid avsatt för att kunna bemöta efterlevande. Det är även av vikt att närvara och delta i situationen för att kunna bygga upp sin erfarenhet och kunskap om att bemöta efterlevande. För att stärka sjuksköterskan i sin roll i mötet med efterlevande kan handledning och att samtala om det som händer vara bra hjälpmedel. Även att besitta kunskap om vilka reaktioner som kan uppstå vid dödsfall kan inge trygghet hos sjuksköterskan. Vidare forskning inom detta område är nödvändigt för att ytterligare belysa komplexiteten i denna situation och vilka behov som finns hos sjuksköterskorna, för att styrka och stödja dem på bästa sätt. / The nurse's area of ​​responsibility is large and does not end when a patient dies but it also includes care for survivors. The purpose of this literature study was to describe the nurses' experiences of meeting survivors in the event of death in the hospital. The method used to achieve the goal was qualitative content analysis with inductive approach. The literature search was conducted in two databases and was supplemented with manual search. Limitations like time limitation, language and age were made and 14 articles that held sufficient quality were included in the analysis. Analysis resulted in four categories; to be emotionally affected, to the working environment, to be unprepared and to be professional. Nurses experienced responding to survivors as one of the most difficult tasks they encountered in their profession and different opinions about how to be professional in the meeting. Lack of time and place influenced the opportunity for a careful response, as well as the feeling of being unprepared and not knowing what to do. The conclusion was that it is important that the nurse is informed of what has happened to the deceased and has time allocated to respond to survivors. It is also important to attend and participate in the situation in order to build up their experience and knowledge of responding to survivors. In order to strengthen the nurse in his role in the meeting with survivors, supervision and talking about what is happening may be helpful tools. Even having knowledge of the reactions that can occur in the event of death can provide safety in the nurse. Further research in this area is necessary to further highlight the complexity of this situation and the needs of nurses, in order to strengthen and support them in the best possible way.

Background: Obesity is one of the most common causes of illness among children and adolescents. School nurses work includes health examination and health interviews including growth follow-up, prevention of illness and health framing. In health interviews the school nurse have possibility to support student to a more helthy lifestyle.                       Purpose: To study school nurses experiences of how they can affect overweight students to more healthy lifestyle.   Method: The study has been conducted with a qualitative method. School nurses have been interviewed by semi structured questions. The data from the interviews were analyzed by a qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach.   Results: In health interviews, the school nurse needs to establish a relationship that is built with a respectful approach in which recurring health interviews, the school nurse needs to establish a relationship that is built up by a respectful approach where autonomy is well preserved. Through encouragement and confirmation, the student can be motivated to reduce overweight if the family is involved too.   Conclusion: It is important to involve the whole family in health-framing nursing. School nurses experiences shows that it is important to focus on living habits instead of obesity.

Aim of the research: This research aims to create an understanding for the new ways in which global fashion influencers’ attending fashion week are contributing to the presentation of it as gatekeepers and distributors of information and fashion knowledge, and how this rolea dds new perspectives to how fashion week is presented. Method: The research has been limited to analysing the material of six global fashion influencers, with a total following of 28 million people, during the major fashion weeks of Spring/Summer 2017 and Autumn/Winter 2017. The material has been collected and analyzed using a qualitative content analysis, also called ethnographic content analysis, with focus on distinguishing common characteristics in the text. Findings: The results have shown that the fashion influencers have contributed to the presentation of fashion week in several new ways, with the greatest characteristic being sharing a broad picture of what is going on during fashion week. The influencers are also sharing insight to exclusive fashion shows and events that have traditionally not been shared with the public. More over, the fashion influencers are sharing their personal perspectives and experiences of fashion week as well as their personal taste and opinions regarding fashion trends and other things. They are also adding a new commercial and promotional focus while presenting an idealized image of fashion week to their followers. The findings are indicated that the fashion influencers have established an important role at fashion week, which in turnis affecting the presentation of it. Contributions: The findings presented in this research can be of relevance for those who wants to understand the fashion influencers’ role during fashion week, for instance fashion brands and designers who wishes to learn how to engage with the fashion influencers’ from a business and marketing perspective. Considering social media and the fashion influencers affecting the presentation of fashion week as societal changes, the findings can also be relevant for fashion researchers who wishes to understand how these changes are affecting the presentation of fashion week and the fashion industry.

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