This was an exploratory study of the experiences of 26 clients and 5 therapists participating in a research project testing a manualized multi-couple treatment program for domestic violence. The purpose of this study was to understand the experience of clients and therapists in participating in a research study with the hope of informing researchers who are seeking to make manualized treatment programs more effective. Despite a low level of conscious awareness of the research project, clients and their therapists provided a rich set of data. From the clients, the themes revealed views on how little the research project seemed to affect their therapy, and how the research project reinforced their learning and changes and allowed them to feel they were making a contribution to others. The therapists felt challenged to balance their roles with the research project's requirements. Theoretical fit was not an issue, but their comments inform the body of research on research participation. The therapists reported the model worked well, but early on they had to struggle with components. The study found that clients appreciate being asked their views through the treatment. Both therapists and clients recommend using a thorough check-in/check-out process with domestic violence. Therapists recommended that any fielded programs should include an ongoing evaluation process. Also, when clients and therapists believe that participating in a research project may help others and that they are participating together in something special, the therapeutic process may be enhanced. These elements appear to be easily incorporated into conventional therapy and may generate the same beneficial effect observed in this project. / Master of Science

Yes / Healthcare system resilience is a conceptual approach that seeks to explore how health services adapt and respond to variability in demand and resources. As has been witnessed since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare services have undergone many reconfigurations. One understudied aspect of how the 'system' is able to adapt and respond is the contribution of key stakeholders-patients and families, and in the context of the pandemic, the general public as a whole. This study aimed to understand what people were doing during the first wave of the pandemic to protect the safety of their health, and the health of others from COVID-19, and the resilience of the healthcare system. Social media (Twitter) was used as a method of recruitment due to its ability for social reach. Twenty-one participants took part in 57 semistructured interviews over three time points from June to September 2020. The included an initial interview and invitation to two follow-up interviews after 3 and 6 weeks. Interviews were conducted virtually using Zoom-an encrypted secure video conferencing software. A reflexive thematic analysis approach to analysis was used. Three themes, each with its own subthemes were identified in the analysis: (1) A 'new safety normal'; (2) Existing vulnerabilities and heightened safety and (3) Are we all in this together? This study found that the public had a role in supporting the resilience of healthcare services and systems during the first wave of the pandemic by adapting their behaviour to protect themselves and others, and to avoid overwhelming the National Health Service. People who had existing vulnerabilities were more likely to experience safety gaps in their care, and be required to step in to support their safety, despite it being more difficult for them to do so. It may be that the most vulnerable were previously required to do this extra work to support the safety of their care and that the pandemic has just illuminated this issue. Future research should explore existing vulnerabilities and inequalities, and the heightened safety consequences created by the pandemic. The National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Yorkshire and Humber Patient Safety Translational Research Centre (NIHR Yorkshire and Humber PSTRC), Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement Research Fellow and NIHR Yorkshire and Humber PSTRC Patient Involvement in Patient Safety theme lay leader are involved in the preparation of a lay version of the findings within this manuscript.

Dagens arbetsliv ställer helt andra krav på individen än förr. På arbetsmarknaden krävs flexibilitet och eget ansvar, där individen förväntas kunna arbeta när som helst och var som helst. Dessa faktorer har bidragit till en obalans mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv som kan orsaka olika former av ohälsa. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur småbarnsföräldrar upplever sin psykiska hälsa i relation till balansen mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv. Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod och datainsamling har skett genom sex enskilda semistrukturerade intervjuer, materialet har sedan analyserats utifrån en manifest innehållsanalys. I resultatet framkommer att föräldrar idag är väl medvetna om obalansen mellan arbetsliv och familjeliv. De uttrycker att det påverkar deras hälsa negativt på flera sätt, alltifrån stress och oro till sömnsvårigheter och konflikter. För att hantera denna obalans skapas rutiner, ansvarsfördelning i hemmet och tid till fritid, dessa nämns som faktorer som skapar en form av kontroll över obalansen. Studiens slutsats är att föräldrarna upplever att arbetsliv och familjeliv idag handlar mycket om att skapa rutiner och få saker att falla på plats, där de sänker sina krav på sin egen hälsa. / Today's career choices and ambitions impose different demands on the individuals than in the past. In a labour market that demands flexibility and responsibility, the individuals are expected to be able to work almost anytime and from anywhere. These factors have contributed to an imbalance between work and family life that can trigger various forms of illness. In this study, I investigate how parents of young children perceive their mental health in relation to the balance between work and family life. This is achieved through a study that employs qualitative methods and data collection based on six individual semi-structured interviews, where the material is then analysed based on a manifest content analysis. The results show that today’s parents are well aware of the imbalance between their work and family life, and that this negatively affects their health in several ways, ranging from stress and anxiety to sleep problems and personal conflicts. To address this imbalance the parents creates routines, shared responsibilities at home, and allow personal time for leisure, in an attempt to create a form of control over this imbalance. The conclusion of this study is that parent’s experience that they have to have routines at work and family life, where the parents have lower demands on their own health.

I denna studie undersöks hur de grafiska aspekterna av karaktärsskapande påverkar spelare och deras engagemang i singleplayerspel. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilken betydelse utseendet på spelarskapade karaktärer har för spelares engagemang och ifall det påverkar deras spelande. Semi-strukturerade intervjuer utfördes med sex deltagare där teman som bl.a. inspiration, motivation, form vs funktion och rollspelande uppkom. Slutsatsen var att det visuella utseendet har stor betydelse för spelare och bidrar till deras engagemang i spelet. Studien kan hjälpa spelutvecklare med att skapa spel med character creation som är uppskattade av spelare och ger dem en meningsfull upplevelse. / This study examines how the graphical aspects of character creation affects players and their involvement in single-player games. The purpose of the study is to investigate what significance the appearance of player created characters has to player commitment and whether it affects their gaming. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants where themes such as inspiration, motivation, form vs function and role playing arose. The conclusion was that the appearance of the player created character had a big significance for players and that it contributed to player involvement in the game. The study can help game developers create games with character creation which are appreciated by players and give them a meaningful experience.

Vid rehabilitering efter en idrottsskada kan man se dålig följsamhet av rehabiliteringsträningen och en av de främsta orsakerna som påverkar hur rehabiliteringen efterföljs och utgången av den är idrottarens motivation. Här kan man se hur det framförallt är en autonom motivation som resulterar i att rehabiliteringsträningen utförs. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka upplevda motivationsfaktorer hos damfotbollsspelare i samband med rehabilitering efter en idrottsskada och i vilken utsträckning som dessa motivationsfaktorer sågs som autonoma. Metod: Kvalitativa intervjuer utifrån en semi-strukturerad intervjuguide med damfotbollsspelare som genomgår en rehabilitering efter en idrottsskada analyserade med innehållsanalys och utifrån självbestämmande teorin. Resultat: Motivationsfaktorerna som upplevdes var motiven till varför de utförde rehabiliteringsträningen, sina målsättningar, ett socialt stöd samt av en extern och intern press. Den upplevda autonomin varierade något men överlag var det en yttre motivation som drev dem varpå beteendet därmed inte var helt självbestämt. Resultat är tänkt att ge en ökad förståelse för damfotbollsspelarnas motivation i samband med deras rehabilitering så att sjukgymnaster, tränare m.fl. som är en del i rehabiliteringsprocessen kan bidra till att öka den autonoma motivationen och på så sätt förbättra följsamheten och utgången av rehabiliteringen. / When rehabilitating after a sports injury poor adherence of the rehabilitation program can be seen and one of the main causes that affects if the rehabilitation is followed and the outcome of it is the athlete’s motivation. Here you can see how it is primarily an autonomous motivation that results in a rehabilitation training that is performed. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the perceived motivations of female football players during rehabilitation after a sports injury and the extent to which these motivators were seen as autonomous. Method: Qualitative interviews based on a semi-structured interview guide with female football players undergoing rehabilitation after a sports injury analyzed with content analysis and the basis of the self-determination theory. Results: The players were motivated by the reasons to why they performed the rehabilitation, their goals, social support and an external and internal pressure. The perceived autonomy varied somewhat but overall it was an external motivation that drove them whereupon behavior therefore was not entirely self-determined. Results are supposed to provide a better understanding of women's football players' motivation in relation to their rehabilitation so physical therapists, coaches, etc. which is part of the rehabilitation process can contribute to increasing the autonomous motivation and thus improve compliance and outcome of rehabilitation.

Denna kvalitativa studie syftar till att studera vilka motivationer vi kan finna hos de som modifierar det digitala spelet Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, samt vad det är de modifierar. Inom studiens ramar knyter vi även samman motivationer och modifikationer. Vi presenterar även relaterad forskning samt introducerar ämnet digital spelmodifiering. Slutsatsen vi kommer fram till är att det finns flera motivationer av varierande slag, vilka kan knytas till flertalet modifikationskategorier. Vi kommer även fram till att vår slutsats kan kopplas till det modifikations-community som är knutet till Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, nämligen ‘Nexus’, genom att vi använder oss av den kulturella kontexten. / This qualitative study is aimed at studying what motivations can be found among those who modify the digital game Elder Scrolls V:Skyrim, and what it is that they modify. Within the confines of this study we also connect motivations and modifications. We also introduce related research and the subject of digital game modification. The conclusion we arrive at is that there are varied motivations that can be connected to several modification categories. We also conclude that our conclusion can be tied to the modification forum for Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, called ‘Nexus’, in regards to cultural context.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco use remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the US. Effective tobacco cessation aids are widely available, yet underutilized. Tobacco cessation brief interventions (BIs) increase quit rates. However, BI training has focused on conventional medical providers, overlooking other health practitioners with regular contact with tobacco users. The 2007 National Health Interview Survey found that approximately 20% of those who use provider-based complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are tobacco users. Thus, CAM practitioners potentially represent a large, untapped community resource for promoting tobacco cessation and use of effective cessation aids. Existing BI training is not well suited for CAM practitioners' background and practice patterns, because it assumes a conventional biomedical foundation of knowledge and philosophical approaches to health, healing and the patient-practitioner relationship. There is a pressing need to develop and test the effectiveness of BI training that is both grounded in Public Health Service (PHS) Guidelines for tobacco dependence treatment and that is relevant and appropriate for CAM practitioners. METHODS/DESIGN: The CAM Reach (CAMR) intervention is a tobacco cessation BI training and office system intervention tailored specifically for chiropractors, acupuncturists and massage therapists. The CAMR study utilizes a single group one-way crossover design to examine the CAMR intervention's impact on CAM practitioners' tobacco-related practice behaviors. Primary outcomes included CAM practitioners' self-reported conduct of tobacco use screening and BIs. Secondary outcomes include tobacco using patients' readiness to quit, quit attempts, use of guideline-based treatments, and quit rates and also non-tobacco-using patients' actions to help someone else quit. DISCUSSION: CAM practitioners provide care to significant numbers of tobacco users. Their practice patterns and philosophical approaches to health and healing are well suited for providing BIs. The CAMR study is examining the impact of the CAMR intervention on practitioners' tobacco-related practice behaviors, CAM patient behaviors, and documenting factors important to the conduct of practice-based research in real-world CAM practices.

Hälsofrämjande arbete är viktigt inom hela hälso- och sjukvården, där distriktssköterskan har ett stort ansvar. Sedan ädelreformen har de flesta kommuner övertagit ansvaret för att tillhandahålla hälso- och sjukvård, bland annat i hemmiljö. Orems omvårdnadsteori fokuserar på egenvård och menar att människan är en aktiv och fri varelse som kan uppnå välbefinnande genom egenvård. Syftet med studien var att beskriva distriktssköterskors upplevelser av hälsofrämjande arbete inom kommunal hemsjukvård. En kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats användes och fem intervjuer med distriktssköterskor från två kommuner i nordvästra Skåne genomfördes. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. I studien framkom kategorierna: omvårdnad är hälsofrämjande, hälsofrämjande arbete saknar prioritet samt hemmet som arena. Distriktssköterskorna upplevde att hälsofrämjande arbete bygger på holistiskt synsätt och är grunden för allt omvårdnadsarbete, samtidigt som de lutade sig mot sin medicinska kompetens. Vidare upplevde de att hälsofrämjande arbete saknade prioritet genom bristande kompetens inom hälso- och sjukvårdsteamet, tidsbrist och kortsiktiga interventioner. Det hälsofrämjande arbetet försvårades genom att hemmet är arenan, som är individens revir och dennas villkor styr arbetet. Framtida studier utifrån vårdtagarens perspektiv skulle kunna vidareutveckla resultatet i denna studie och samtidigt vara ett steg i vårdutvecklingen inom kommunal hemsjukvård. / Health promotion is important in all of the health care system, where the district nurse has big responsibility. Since the “ädelreform”, most counties are taking responsibility for providing health care, including the care takers who live at home. Orem´s nursing theory focuses on self-care and believes that man is an active and free being capable of achieving wellness through self-care. The aim of the study was to describe nurses' experiences of health promotion in municipal home care. A qualitative method with inductive approach was used and five interviews were performed, with district nurses from two counties in northwest Skåne. The interviews were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The study revealed categories: caring is health promotion, health promotion lacks priority and the home as the arena. District nurses felt that health promotion is based on a holistic approach and the foundation for all nursing work, while they leaned towards their medical expertise. Furthermore, they felt that health promotion has low priority by lack of skills in the health care team, lack of time and short-term interventions. Health promotion efforts were affected since the home was the arena, where the individual's terms and conditions governed the work. Future studies based on the resident's perspective could further develop the results of this study while being a step in the healthcare developments in municipal home care.

Kvinnligt karriäravancemang i allmänhet, och kvinnors problem att nå organisatoriska toppositioner i synnerhet, är ett ämne som länge varit föremål för diskussion. Åsikterna om hur snedfördelningen ska åtgärdas går isär och har lett till heta debatter. Inte minst förslaget om lagstadgad kvotering i svenska styrelser har rört upp känslor och debatterats intensivt. Stiftelsen AllBright la 2013 fram en rapport som visade på att det finns fler med namnet Johan i svenska styrelser än det finns kvinnor. Detta uppmärksammades stort i flertalet media. Med grund i dessa diskussioner väcktes intresset att undersöka fenomenet kvinnligt karriäravancemang ur en ny synvinkel. Finns det andra medel för att lyfta upp fler kvinnor till de högsta nivåerna än kvotering? Efter funderingar och efterforskningar identifierade vi två fenomen som vi ansåg kunde ha denna potential; nätverket och mentorskapet. Syftet med studien är således att skapa förståelse för hur förekomsten av nätverk och mentorskap inverkar på kvinnors karriäravancemang. Då delar av studiens fokusområde undersökts i tidigare studier har en abduktiv ansats tillämpats. Teorierna institutionell teori, legitimitetsteori samt signaling theory har därmed fungerat som fundament för att finna mönster och tendenser som skulle kunna förklara nätverkets och mentorskapets premisser. Som ett led i studiens önskan om att skapa förståelse för fenomenet, har en kvalitativ undersökning genomförts. Det empiriska materialet har samlats in via semistrukturerade intervjuer och i en revisionsbaserad kontext, med fokus på kvinnliga delägare. Detta då dessa kvinnor nått branschens högsta skikt och därmed torde sitta inne med värdefulla tankar om kvinnligt avancemang, med grund i egna erfarenheter. Slutsatsen av denna studie är att nätverk och mentorskap, som isolerade fenomen, så väl som i en symbiotisk relation, har element som kan inverkar främjande på kvinnligt karriäravancemang. Nätverket kan vara en plats för adepten att hitta en passande mentor. Mentorskapet kan i sin tur ge adepten de redskap som krävs för att bygga upp värdefulla och karriärmässigt gynnsamma kontaktnät. Att göra kvinnor uppmärksamma på detta och uppmuntra en användning av fenomenet i ett uttalat karriärfrämjande syfte, torde kunna vara en bra grund för kvinnligt avancemang. / Female career advancement in general and women’s issues to achieve organizational top position in particular, is a subject that has been under discussion for a long time. Opinions on how the imbalance should be corrected differ greatly and have led to heated debates. Not least, the proposal for a legal quota in Swedish boards has stirred up emotions. In 2013, a foundation named AllBright published a report that showed that there are more people with the name Johan in Swedish boards than there are women. This received great attention in most media. Based on this discussion aroused our interest to investigate the phenomenon of female career advancement from a new perspective. Are there other means to lift more women to the highest position than quotas? After thought and research, we identified two phenomena that we felt could have this potential; network and mentorship. The purpose of the study is thus to create an understanding of how the presence of networking and mentoring impact on women’s career advancement. Certain parts of the focus area have been examined in previous studies, why an abdicative approach has been applied. The theories, institutional theory, legitimacy theory and signaling theory has therefore acted as the foundation for finding patterns and trends that would explain the network and mentoring premises. As part of the study's desire to create an understanding of the phenomenon, a qualitative study was conducted. The empirical data were collected through semi-structured interviews in an audit-based context. The hierarchical structure was considered to clarify the advancement patterns. Furthermore, the focus was exclusively on the female partner. This is because these women achieved the industry's highest layer and thus should be in possession of valuable thoughts on women's advancement, arising out of personal experience. The conclusion of this study is that networking and mentoring, as isolated phenomena, as well as in a mutually symbiotic relationship, has elements that can affect promotion of women's career advancement. The network can be a place for the mentee to find a mentor. Mentoring can in turn give the adept the tools needed to build valuable and career-wise favorable contacts. Making women aware of this and encourage the use of the phenomenon in a clear career promotion, could be a good basis for female advancement.

Bakgrund: Depression är ett av nutidens vanligaste folkhälsoproblem och kommer att bli: desto vanligare i framtiden. Personer som lider av depression söker sig vanligtvis till den allmänna sjukvården innan de remitteras till specialpsykiatrisk vård. Den vårdpersonal som i första hand bemöter dessa patienter är sjuksköterskan, vilkas ansvar medför stora krav på kunskap patientbemötande samt god kännedom om hur det är att leva med depression. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patientens upplevelser av att leva med depression Metod: Litteraturöversikten baseras på tio vetenskapliga kvalitativa artiklar Resultat: Det identifierades tre huvudteman (som benämns perioder) med åtta underteman gällande upplevelser av depression. Dessa tre perioder är: Individens upplevelse i början av sjukdomsperioden, Upplevelsen i mitten av sjukdomsperioden, och Upplevelse i slutet av sjukdomsperioden Under den första perioden hade patienterna bristande insikt om sina upplevelser och vad dessa kan beror på. Den andra perioden karakteriseras av fler känsloupplevelser såsom smärta och lidande samt känslor av skuld och skam. Den tredje perioden visar stigmatiseringens påverkan, som kan beror på fördomar och uteslutande attityder från omgivningen. Diskussion: Diskussionen utgår från Husserls livsvärldsteori med fokus på sjuksköterskans omvårdnad. / Background: Depression is one of the most common health problems and is increasing. People suffering from depression typically consult primary health care before being referred to specialized psychiatric care. In these cases, the initial patient-healthcare contact is between patient and nurse. This entails significant responsibility on behalf of nurses to treat patients with competence and understanding. Nurses must possess extensive knowledge of what it is like to suffer from depression. Aim: The aim was to describe patients who live with depression and their experiences with the depression Method: The literature review is based on ten scientific articles of qualitative design Results: Three main themes, here in referred to as periods, were identified on the basis of the results. These themes consist of eight subthemes. The three main periods are the individual's experience during the early stages of illness; the experience in the middle of a period of illness; and the experience at the end of the period of illness. During the first period, the patients were ignorant of the nature of their experiences. In the second period they had further emotional experiences, such as pain and suffering and feelings of guilt and shame. The third period involves the effects of stigmatization, which arose due to prejudice and exclusion by others Discussion: The discussion was based on Husserl's life-world theory with a focus on nursing care.