Sous l’égide de Cosme l’Ancien puis de Pierre le Goutteux et de Laurent le Magnifique, la Florence médicéenne entretient avec l’Orient, et l’empire ottoman en particulier, une relation toujours plus étroite et plus ambiguë au fil du XVème siècle : c’est tout ensemble le séduisant ennemi et le modèle redoutable, fascinant par son exotisme et sa puissance. Le sultan et son Orient attirent les Florentins, subjugués par la différence de culture et l’ampleur des possibilités commerciales que propose le monde ottoman. Où se situe donc Florence, entre volonté de se poser en gardienne de la chrétienté, donc fermement opposée à l’onde déferlante des janissaires, et attirance naturelle pour un pays riche et raffiné ? Quellesconséquences a la relation de la ville du lys avec le Grand Turc sur l’Europe du XVème siècle ? Ce travail se propose de donner un éclairage des liens qu’entretient Florence avec le monde oriental, chrétien ou mulsulman, tout au long du XVème siècle, de l’avènement de Cosme en 1434 jusqu’à la mort de son petit-fils Laurent en 1492 : suivant une parabole chronologique et suivant les aléas des relations culturelles et diplomatiques, selon une connaissance qui se fait plus directe, Florence se présente tour à tour comme le rempart des chrétiens orientaux menacés par l’expansion de l’empire de Mehmet II, puis comme leur patrie d’accueil ouverte à la leçon grecque et enfin comme l’alliée de ce puissant seigneur, dont toute l’Europe reconnaît de fait la puissance redoutable. / Under the rule of Cosimo the Elder then Piero the Gouty and Lorenzo the Magnificent, the Florence of the Medici throughout the fifteenth century maintained increasingly tighter and more ambiguous relationships with the Eastern Ottoman empire which appeared both an attractive enemy and a formidable model with its fascinating exoticism and power. The Turkish civilisation attracted the Florentines dazzled by the different culture and the huge commercial possibilities it offered. What was then the real position of Florence caught between its wish to stand as the bulwark of Christendom (and therefore staunchly opposed to the Eastern invasion) and its natural inclination for a rich, refined country? What was the impact of the links between Florence and the Oriental Empire on fifteenth century Europe? This study aims at explaining the relationships between Florence and the Oriental world from the coming into power of Cosimo in 1434 until the death of his grandson Lorenzo in 1492: according to the ups and downs of cultural and diplomatic relashionships, Florence appeared one moment as the protection of the Oriental Christians threatened by the expansion of Mehmet II’s empire and the next as an alternative to their mother country by integrating Greek elements and compromising with the Sultan’s power, to eventually become the unofficial ally of the powerful emperor feared by all European states. / Sotto il dominio di Cosimo il Vecchio, di Piero il Gottoso e di Lorenzo il Magnifico, la Firenze medicea mantiene con l’Oriente, e più particolarmente con l’impero ottomano, una relazione sempre più stretta e più ambigua lungo il XV secolo : è, nello stesso tempo, il nemico seducente e il modello terrificante, affascinante col suo esotismo e la sua potenza. Il Sultano e la sua civiltà attraggono i Fiorentini, soggiogati dalla differenza di cultura e dalle immense possibilità commerciali che il mondo ottomano propone. Come si situa dunque Firenze, tra la volontà di proporsi quale baluardo della cristianità, quindi saldamente opposta all’invasione dei gianizzeri, e il fascino naturale nei confronti di un paese ricco e raffinato ? Quali conseguenze avrà la relazione della città del giglio e del Gran Turco sull’Europa del Quattrocento ? Questo studio propone una messa in luce dei legami che Firenze mantenne con l’Oriente lungo tutto il XV secolo, ovvero dall’avento di Cosimo nel 1434 fino alla morte del nipote Lorenzo nel 1492 : seguendo una parabola cronologica e a seconda degli eventi culturali e diplomatici, con una conoscenza che diventa sempre più diretta, Firenze si atteggia prima come baluardo dei cristiani orientali minacciati dall’espansione dell’impero di Maometto II, quindi come un’alternativa alla loro patria d’origine con l’integrazione della lezione greca da una parte e dall’altra con l’affermazione della potenza del sultano, e infine come l’alleata inconfessabile di questo signore, la cui potenza è riverita in tutta Europa.

Il lavoro si propone di dare l’edizione critica e commentata di un breve canzoniere milanese anonimo (quarantanove componimenti). La tesi è strutturata in tre parti: nella prima si ricostruisce la tradizione del testo, tramandato interamente da un solo testimone manoscritto attualmente in collezione privata, e parzialmente dal ms. Basevi 2441 della Biblioteca del Conservatorio “Luigi Cherubini” di Firenze. In questa parte si propone inoltre una datazione del canzoniere (l’ultimo decennio del XV secolo), si attribuisce la scrittura al copista Giovanni Battista Lorenzi e l’unica miniatura presente all’artista noto come “Maestro B. F.”, coppia spesso attiva a Milano tra Quattrocento e Cinquecento nella realizzazione di manoscritti di lusso. La seconda parte si concentra sull’opera, di cui indaga la struttura, i temi, lo stile e la metrica. Il canzoniere viene inoltre contestualizzato nel panorama della lirica cortigiana settentrionale del secondo Quattrocento. La terza parte è costituita dall’edizione critica e commentata, preceduta da una nota linguistica. Ogni lirica è accompagnata da un cappello introduttivo e dal commento ai versi, in cui, attraverso il reperimento di modelli e luoghi paralleli, si mette in luce lo stretto rapporto dell’autore con i poeti cortigiani contemporanei. / The work aims to provide a critical and commented edition of a short anonymous Milanese collection of poems (fourty-nine compositions). The thesis is structured in three parts: the first retraces the tradition of the text, handed down entirely from a single manuscript currently in a private collection, and partially from Florence, Biblioteca del Conservatorio, ms. Basevi 2441. In this part it is also proposed that this work was composed in the last decade of the fifteenth century, the scribe was Giovanni Battista Lorenzi and an artist known as “Maestro B. F.” was the miniaturist. They were active in Milan between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries and worked in pair in producting luxury manuscripts. The second section focuses on the “canzoniere” and investigates the structure, themes, style, and metric. I try to contextualize this collection in the northern courtly poetry of the second half of the fifteenth century. The third part offers the critical edition, preceded by a linguistic note. Each poem has an introduction and a commentary, that discussing models, sources and loci paralleli, shows the author's close relationship with contemporary courtly poets.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the patronage of Piero de’ Medici and Lucrezia Tornabuoni. My aim is to discuss and place the patronage in the complex field of the renaissance as an active conjugal partnership between the two. The study is divided in three main chapters, the introduction part where an overview of the main issues in the field of renaissance patronage and a background of the people involved; one chapter where the two religious rooms are introduced and the specific patronage described; and finally a chapter where the different procedures are discussed, compared and combined into one joint conjugal patronage for the both of them. The evidence uncovered supporting the conjugal patronage is partly the similarities between the altar paintings in the rooms. They are both made of Fra Filipo Lippi and both are portraying the Adoration of Infant Jesus. The presence of the coat of arms of both the noble houses at the Camaldoli adoration and a series of lettres between Piero and one of his painters, Benezzo Gozzoli.

Šio darbo tema – Palazzo tipo rūmai XVI–XVIII a. Vilniaus architektūroje. Pažymėtina, kad Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės ir Vilniaus architektūros istoriografijoje rezidencijų klausimui skirta pakankamai daug dėmesio, tačiau tipologiniu atžvilgiu atskiri sostinės rūmai beveik nenagrinėjami. Pagrindiniu šio tyrimo objektu yra Renesanso epochoje susiformavusi miesto rezidencija – palazzo. Savo darbe autorius analizuoja minėto tipo rūmų paplitimo lygį renesansinėje, barokinėje ir klasicistinėje Vilniaus architektūroje, išskirdamas šio modelio bei jo stilistinių formų recepcijos ypatybes. Darbą sudaro trys dalys, iš kurių pirmoji yra įvadinė. Joje suformuluotas darbo objektas, iškelti probleminiai klausimai, nustatyti tikslai ir uždaviniai bei tyrimo metodai. Antroji dalis yra teorinio pobūdžio, joje kalbama apie palazzo reiškinį. Pirmiausia, bandoma išsiaiškinti rūmų fenomeną nuo pačių seniausių laikų iki renesanso, po to nagrinėjamas Renesanso epochos miesto rezidencijos klausimas, išsiaiškinamos socialinės ir ekonominės šios rezidencinės architektūros prielaidos bei analizuojama palazzo raida nuo ankstyviausios renesanso stadijos iki manierizmo. Toliau nagrinėjama įtališkųjų miesto rūmų recepcija bendraeuropiniame kontekste. Pagrindinis pirmojo skyriaus tikslas – parodyti itališkojo tipo rezidencijų specifiką, jų planinę ir erdvinę struktūrą ir būdingiausias eksterjero detales, siekiant pritaikyti bendrus kriterijus, kurie padėtų tipologiškai suklasifikuoti analogiško... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The topic of this paper is palazzo type palaces in Vilnius architecture in the 16th–18th centuries. It should be noticed that in the historiography of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (henceforth GDL) and Vilnius architecture the question of residences has received sufficient attention. However, from the point of view of typology, separate palaces of the capital are scarcely analyzed. The main object of this research is palazzo – an urban residence, which formed in the Renaissance époque. The author of this paper analyzes the spread of the latter type of palaces in the Renaissance, Baroque and Classicistic architecture of Vilnius. In addition, the peculiarities of this model and its stylistic forms are distinguished. The paper consists of three parts. In the first part the object is formulated, the problematic questions are raised and the aims as well as methods are set. The second part is theoretical. It presents an overview of the phenomenon of palazzo. At first, an attempt to investigate the phenomenon of the palaces from the earliest times till the Renaissance is made. Later on, the question of an urban residence in the époque of Renaissance is examined, social and economical assumptions about this residential architecture are tested, and the development of palazzo from the earliest stage of Renaissance till the Mannerism is analyzed. Further on, the reception of Italian urban palaces in the general European context is analyzed. The basic aim of the first part is to show the... [to full text]

This thesis explores mood selection in Old Italian, describing the use of the subjunctive and indicative in complement clauses in non-literary Tuscan of the Quattrocento (1375-1499). Using Wandruszka’s (1991) model of the subjunctive, and a Tuscan corpus of merchant letters and ricordi, sermons and other religious writing, based on Tavoni’s (1992) hierarchy of non-literary Quattrocento writings, I quantitatively assess the factors that influence mood selection in complement clauses. I restrict my analysis to complement clauses so as to compare the findings with those of Stefinlongo’s (1977) and Vegnaduzzo’s (2000) similar corpus-based studies of mood selection in thirteenth-century Italian, where possible, in order to suggest any trends in the use of the subjunctive. While I find that the semantics of the governing lexical element still has the predominant influence on the mood of the complement clause in fifteenth-century Italian, I also find that other factors, such as clause type, person and number, and tense and aspect, have a significant role in the modal outcome of complement clauses. However, the influence of these other factors is neither categorical nor equal, and it may be collective in the case of co-present factors. By conducting a quantitative comparison of mood selection in a variety of text types, my study also investigates Stefinlongo’s hypothesis that subjunctive use is not influenced solely by semantic or syntactic factors but also by features at the level of text type. However, I find the modal influence of text type to be largely indirect, influencing the relative incidence of different semantic contexts which in turn influences the incidence of subjunctive and indicative in a text. The findings of this study serve to inform our understanding of the evolution of the subjunctive in Italian.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of posthumous portraits in the Tornabuoni family as a tool of positioning itself through visual rhetorics. The basis for the examination is three portraits of Francesca Pitti, Giovanna degli Albizzi and Lucrezia Tornabuoni, together with an altarpiece depicting the Visitation with Mary Jachobi and Mary Salome. The study uses iconography to analyse the images and using a rhetorical analysis to understand the visual rhetorics used by the family. The study finds that there are different hidden meanings in the portraits, Francesca is remembered by her husband by pure grief; Lucrezia is honoured as the bridge between the Tornabuoni and the Medici families, and Giovanna is remembered by her husband as the continuation of the dynasty in its time of crisis, as well as the pure loss and grief of his beloved wife and unborn child inside the walls of the palazzo. This study uses the theoretical framework of visual rhetorics, as developed by the historian Paul Zanker and adopted by art historian Johan Eriksson, to analyse the behaviour of commissioning posthumous portraits of deceased women and viewing them both in public and private spaces in churches and in the palazzo. As Alberti says: ''Through painting, the faces of the dead go on living for a very long time.''

No description available.

Le duché de Milan durant le Quattrocento est marqué par le règne des deux familles dominantes de la Lombardie, les Visconti et les Sforza. Pendant une période marquée par les conflits territoriaux et les disputes pour le titre ducal, l’art du gothique international se fait essentiel dans la propagande politique. Parmi les diverses œuvres de cette période qui soulignent le pouvoir et la position hiérarchique de la noblesse, les paquets de tarot le plus anciens qui nous sont parvenus sont les jeux Visconti-Sforza, datés de la première moitié du 15e siècle. Nommés ainsi selon leurs commanditaires présumés, la nomenclature est utilisée pour désigner quinze jeux, dont trois sont analysés dans ce mémoire : le jeu Pierpont Morgan-Bergame (réparti entre l’Accademia Carrara, à Bergame; le Pierpont Morgan Library, à New York; et la collection privée Casa Colleoni, à Bergame), le Brera-Brambilla (Pinacoteca di Brera, à Milan) et le Cary-Yale (Beinecke Library, à New Haven). L’étude de ce corpus nous permet de comprendre l’histoire de pouvoir des Visconti et des Sforza, ainsi que les traditions de la littérature poétique et des processions triomphales de l’époque. Par une analyse iconographique de ces jeux, notre objectif a été de cerner et de comprendre le contexte socioculturel dans lequel ils ont été créés. Cette analyse met également en lumière les importantes questions concernant les attributions aux artistes, les dates de réalisation et l’identification du mécénat de ces jeux de luxe. / The Duchy of Milan in the Quattrocento is marked by the reign of two powerful families in Lombardy, the Visconti and the Sforza. During a time full of territorial conflicts and disputes for the ducal title, art in the International Gothic style became essential to political propaganda. Among the various works of this period that emphasize the power and the hierarchical position of the nobility are the oldest sets of tarot that have survived to the present day: the Visconti-Sforza tarot decks, dating from the first half of the 15th century. Named according to their supposed patrons, the nomenclature is actually used to designate fifteen separate decks, three of which are analyzed in this master’s thesis: the Pierpont Morgan-Bergamo deck (divided between the Accademia Carrara in Bergamo, the Pierpont Morgan Library in New York, and the private collection Casa Colleoni, in Bergamo), the Brera-Brambilla (Pinacoteca di Brera, in Milan) and the Cary-Yale (Beinecke Library, in New Haven). The study of this corpus enables us to unravel the struggle for power between the Visconti and the Sforza, as well as the traditions of the literature and the triumphal processions of the time. Using an iconographic analysis, our goal is to identify the sociocultural context in which these decks were produced. This work's analysis also highlights questions about the attributions, the dating and the patronage of these luxury playing cards.

Submitted by Kilvya Braga (kilvyabraga@hotmail.com) on 2018-04-23T22:31:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BRENO GOMES DE LIMA AMORIM – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2016.pdf: 888574 bytes, checksum: 2e9711505fe7f4e309890ee9bc238b9c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-23T22:31:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BRENO GOMES DE LIMA AMORIM – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGH) 2016.pdf: 888574 bytes, checksum: 2e9711505fe7f4e309890ee9bc238b9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-06-07 / O presente trabalho procura analisar a presença do mundo antigo na obra Sobre a Família, escrita pelo florentino Leon Battista Alberti, no século XV. O Sobre a Família se constitui como um manual cívico elaborado com a intenção de formular um modelo de família considerado útil para a Florença do Quattrocento. Em um primeiro momento, discutimos sobre o conceito de família na antiguidade, levando em consideração sua ambigüidade e artificialidade, e como se construiu o discurso da importância da família para a conservação dos valores citadinos. Mapeamos elementos do mundo grecoromano que servem para justificar o modelo de família proposto pelo humanista. Do mesmo modo, problematizamos em que medida os temas postos pela historiografia da Roma Antiga são apropriados com a intenção de incutir no cidadão florentino o apreço pela virtude. Por fim, analisar-se-á como a antiguidade é recepcionada em períodos posteriores. Trata-se de perceber como o passado (antiguidade) pode sugerir algo em um determinado presente (século XV). / The present paper seeks to analyze the presence of the ancient world in the work On the Family, written by the Florentine Leon Battista Alberti, in the fifteenth century. On the Family is constituted as a civic manual developed with the intent of formulating a famil y model considered useful for the Florence of the Quattrocento period. I n a first moment, we discussed about the concept of family in ancient times, taking into consideration its ambiguity and artificiality, as well as how the discourse on the importance of the family was constructed for conserving the city values. We mapped elements of the Greco-Roman world that serve to justify the family model proposed by the referred humanist. In the same way, we questioned to what extent the topics pointed by the historiography of Ancient Rome are appropriated with the intention of instilling in the Florentine citizen an appreciation for virtue. At last, we will analyze how antiquity is received in poster periods of time. We seek to perceive how the past (antiquity) may suggest something in a given present time (the fifteenth century).

Jusqu’en 1481, Marseille fait partie d’un Etat indépendant, le comté de Provence et en est la plus grande ville sans en être toutefois la capitale. Or, en 1481, le dernier comte de Provence meurt sans héritier et il lègue l’ensemble de ses territoires au roi de France, Louis XI. Cependant, en Provence, les structures et pratiques politiques sont différentes du royaume de France, et Marseille appartient à un espace politico-culturel méditerranéen où la vie politique des villes est marquée par le modèle de la commune, également présent en Italie du nord et du centre. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’observer le passage d’un espace politico-culturel marqué par l’héritage des comtes de Provence et des cadres politiques de la commune à un espace politico-culturel dominé par le roi de France, où la relation entre le souverain et les villes s’inscrit dans le cadre de la « bonne ville ». Pour mener à bien ce travail, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser au conseil de ville, qui est la pièce maîtresse du pouvoir municipal, et à ses membres, afin d’observer les mutations introduites par ce transfert de souveraineté. Nous avons décidé de voir ces mutations en ce qui concerne la culture et l’identité du groupe dirigeant de la ville afin de s'inscrire dans une histoire culturelle du pouvoir municipal. Toute ville peut se définir comme un système politique où différents pouvoirs coexistent et se réajustent en permanence les uns par rapport aux autres au gré des événements et des changements qui peuvent surgir. La première partie examine les réajustements aux XIVe et XVe siècles à Marseille, qui permettent au pouvoir municipal de devenir dominant à Marseille face aux autres pouvoirs sous le règne de René Ier d’Anjou (1434-1480). La deuxième partie étudie les hommes à le tête du conseil de ville, les fondements de leur pouvoir et leurs modifications autour du rattachement de 1481. Enfin, la dernière partie examine les changements de culture et d’identité du groupe introduits par le transfert de souveraineté et les nouvelles ambitions en Méditerranée du groupe dirigeant, qui jettent les bases d’une véritable thalassocratie qui s’épanouira au XVIIe siècle. / Until 1481, Marseilles is a part of an independant state, the county of Provence and it’s the biggest city, even if it’s not the capital. But, in 1481, the last count of Provence died without a son and he gives in his testament all his goods and territories to the king of France Louis XI. After that, Marseilles, like the rest of the former county is integrated in the French royal domain. But, in Provence the cultural and political structures and practices are different from the kingdom of France, and Marseilles belongs to a politico-cultural space where the political life is influenced by the model of “commune”, we can also see in the north of Italy. My aim in this thesis is to study the mobility between a politico-cultural space influences by the counts of Provence and the political structures and culture of the “commune” to a politico-cultural space dominated by the king of France thanks to a structure called “bonne ville”. I decided to study the council of the city which is the main structure of the municipal power and the leaders who are in this council in order to see the modifications after 1481 about the culture and the identity of this ruling class. I propose with this thesis an essay of cultural history of the municipal power. Each city is a political system, where different powers coexist. Those powers move and fix themselves towards the other ones. In the 1st part, I study how the municipal power becomes the most important one in Marseilles during the reign of René the 1st of Anjou. Then, in the second part, I study the leaders of the council, the foundations of their power and the modifications after 1481. Finally, in the 3rd part, I study the new ambitions of the leaders of Marseilles which lead in the 17th century to build a real thalassocracy in the Mediterranean world. / Fino al 1481, Marsiglia è la città più grande della contea di Provenza, uno stato indipendente, pur senza esserne la capitale. In quell’anno, l'ultimo conte di Provenza muore senza eredi e dona la sua contea al re di Francia, Luigi XI. Le strutture e le pratiche politiche della Provenza sono però molto diverse rispetto a quelle del regno di Francia: Marsiglia fa parte di uno spazio politico-culturale del Mediterraneo, dove la vita politica urbana è segnata da un modello comunale del tutto simile a quello che si riscontra nelle città dell'Italia centro-settentrionale. L’obiettivo di questa tesi è di studiare il passaggio di questo spazio politico-culturale, segnato dall’eredità angioina e da un governo di tipo comunale, a quello dominato dal re di Francia, nel quale la relazione tra il sovrano e le città è costruita attorno al modello della "bonne ville". Per studiare questo tema, si è scelto di concentrarsi sul consiglio della città di Marsiglia, l'istituzione simbolo del potere municipale, e sugli uomini che lo componevano, al fine di apprezzare le mutazioni dovute al cambiamento di sovranità avvenute al suo interno. L’intento è di analizzare i cambiamenti legati alla cultura e all’identità della classe dirigente, nell’ottica di una storia culturale del potere municipale. Tutte le città possono definirsi come un sistema politico all’interno del quale si trovano a coesistere diversi poteri, che si relazionano fra loro in base agli avvenimenti e ai cambiamenti interni ed esterni alla città stessa. La prima parte della tesi si concentra sul processo mediante il quale il potere municipale ha preso il sopravvento a Marsiglia sotto il regno di Renato I (1434-1480). Nella seconda, invece, si analizzano gli uomini che formano il consiglio della città, l’origine del loro potere e le mutazioni che avvengono dopo il 1481. Infine, l’ultima parte ha per oggetto le trasformazioni nell’identità e nella cultura del gruppo dirigente cittadino in seguito al cambiamento di sovranità, evento che getterà le basi della talassocrazia marsigliese del XVII secolo.