Les chauves-souris (Chiroptera) sont reconnues comme réservoirs naturels de nombreux microorganismes, dont certains pathogènes, responsables de maladies sévères chez l’homme. À ce jour, plus de 1 300 espèces de chauves-souris, aux habitats et comportements sociaux multiples, ont été décrites. Cette grande diversité d’espèces reflète l’importante diversité des caractéristiques biologiques, de l’histoire évolutive et de la capacité d’adaptation de cet ordre. Les études immunobiologiques laissent à penser que ces animaux présentent des stratégies antimicrobiennes plus efficientes que les autres mammifères, influencées par leurs caractéristiques spécifiques et par les contraintes pathogéniques associées aux environnements. L’objectif de cette thèse était de mieux comprendre, en utilisant la diversité virale et la circulation du virus rabique comme proxy, comment les contraintes bioécologiques, liées à la phylogénie de l’hôte et à son environnement, pouvaient impacter la diversité virale des chauves-souris, et subséquemment, induire une adaptation locale des gènes de l’immunité. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus montre que les composantes environnementales sont des facteurs clés des diversités virales et immunitaires. Associées aux caractéristiques spécifiques, elles jouent un rôle dans le maintien de ces diversités et déterminent les capacités d'adaptation des chauves-souris. Les processus démographiques semblent également contribuer au maintien des virus dans un environnement donné. Ce travail apporte des éléments de compréhension des mécanismes de maintien et de mise en place des diversités virales et immunitaires qui influencent l'adaptation locale des chauves-souris. / Bats belong to the order Chiroptera and are the only mammals capable of true flight. They are recognized as excellent biodiversity indicators. Furthermore, these animals have been described as natural reservoirs and source of infection for several microorganisms, including pathogens responsible for severe human diseases. Currently, more than 1,300 different bat species are described with different habitats and sociality, reflecting a high diversity of bioecological features, life histories and adaptation capacity. Immunobiological studies suggest that bats present more effective anti-microbial strategies highly influenced by their biological traits as well as by the environmental-associated pathogen pressures. The aim of this thesis was to better understand, using viral diversity and circulation of the rabies virus as a proxy, how bioecological constraints related to the phylogeny and the environment where they evolve, could impact the diversity of hosted viral communities and subsequently induce a local adaptation of immune genes. Altogether, the results obtained during this thesis showed that environmental components were key factors of both viral and immune diversities. Associated with species characteristics, environment plays a key role in shaping both diversities and determines the adaptation ability of bats. Nevertheless, demographic processes should not be overshadowed as they seem to contribute to the maintenance of viruses in a given environment. This work sheds light on the mechanisms maintaining and shaping both viral and immune diversities and subsequently influencing the local adaptation of bats

Le virus de la rage est un pathogène neurotrope qui, actuellement, fait toujours plus de 55000 morts par an et dont la pathogenèse présente toujours de nombreuses zones d’ombre. Le mécanisme par lequel le virus échappe au système immunitaire de même que l’implication d’autres types cellulaires, particulièrement au niveau de la phase de latence, n’est pas encore connu. Il en est de même pour le mécanisme par lequel le virus induit un dysfonctionnement neuronal. Dans le cadre de ce projet de thèse, nous avons donc décidé d’étudier l’implication du macrophage et des caspases dans l’infection induite par le virus rabique. <p>Nos résultats ont permis de démontrer que, malgré la faiblesse de la production virale in vitro, les macrophages infectés par une souche virulente de virus rabique étaient capables de transmettre l’infection et d’induire une encéphalite mortelle chez la souris. Ces résultats suggèrent que les macrophages sont susceptibles d’être des hôtes potentiels du virus.<p>Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons également mis en évidence des différences de caractéristiques d’infection entre les souches virulentes et atténuées du virus rabique. Nous avons en effet démontré qu’en comparaison avec la souche vaccinale ERA, l’infection par la souche virulente CVS-11 était moins productive dans les cellules d’origine périphérique, tels que les cellules musculaires ou les macrophages. En revanche, la souche virulente se réplique mieux dans le cerveau et dans les cellules d’origine neuronale. Chez le macrophage, nous avons pu observer que l’infection par la souche atténuée ERA induisait une plus forte mortalité que celle générée par la souche CVS-11. Nos analyses ont mis en évidence que cette mortalité était de type apoptotique et qu’elle impliquait l’activation des caspases-1, -3, -7, -8, -9, du facteur Bid et de l’IL-1β. Des analyses réalisées sur des macrophages knock-out pour les caspase-1, -3 et -7 ont démontré d’une part l’importance de la caspase-3 dans la mortalité cellulaire et d’autre part qu’une déficience en caspase-7 pouvait être associée à une charge virale plus élevée, particulièrement en cas d’infection avec la souche virulente. In vivo, nous avons observé que l’inoculation de la souche CVS-11 chez des souris déficientes en caspase-3 retardait l’apparition des symptômes et de la mortalité sans pour autant modifier l’issue inéluctable de la maladie. Chez les souris caspase-1 knock-out, l’inoculation d’une souche atténuée entrainait une morbidité plus élevée que celle observée chez les souris WT.<p>Ce travail de thèse nous a donc permis d’améliorer notre compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans la pathogénèse du virus rabique et dans la réponse de l’hôte à l’infection et a souligné le rôle potentiel du macrophage comme vecteur de dissémination virale/<p><p>Rabies virus is a neurotropic pathogen which currently causes more than 55000 deaths a year and our knowledge on its pathogenesis still contains many gaps. The mechanism by which the virus escapes the immune system as well as the involvement of different cell types, particularly in the asymptomatic phase, is still unknown. The situation is similar for the mechanism by which the virus induces neuronal dysfunction. In this work, we decided to study the involvement of caspases and the macrophage in infection induced by rabies virus.<p>Our results demonstrated that, despite a weak virus production in vitro, macrophages infected with a virulent strain of rabies virus were able to transmit infection and induce fatal encephalitis in mice. These results suggest that macrophages may be potential cellular hosts of rabies virus.<p>In a second step, we demonstrated differences in infection characteristics between virulent and attenuated rabies virus strains. Indeed, we showed that, in comparison with the ERA vaccine strain, infection with the virulent strain CVS-11 strain was less productive in cells of peripheral origin, such as muscle cells or macrophages. In contrast, the virulent strain replicated best in the brain and in neuronal cells. In the macrophage, we observed that infection with the attenuated strain ERA strain induced a higher mortality than that induced by the CVS-11 strain. Our analyzes showed that mortality was apoptotic and involved the activation of caspases-1, -3, -7, -8, -9, IL-1β and cleavage of Bid. Analyzes performed on macrophages deficient for caspase-1, -3 or -7 indicated the importance of caspase-3 in cell death and demonstrated that a deficiency in caspase- 7 could be associated with a higher viral loadd, particularly in case of infection with the virulent strain. In vivo, we observed that the inoculation of the CVS-11 strain in mice deficient in caspase-3 delayed the onset of symptoms and mortality without changing the fatal outcome of the disease. Inoculation of caspase-1 knockout mice with the attenuated strain resulted in a higher morbidity than that observed in wild type mice.<p>This work allowed us to improve our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of rabies virus and in the host response and highlighted a potential role for the macrophage as a vector of virus dissemination.<p><p> / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The subject of the dissertation deals with the secondary school pupil's awareness of zoonoses. Zoonoses are the diseases transmited from animals to human beings. Those are one of the topics of biology study currently. The main aim of the dissertation is theoretical definition of the matter in the first place. For knowledge testing have been chosen these four illness: Toxoplasmosis, Lyme boreliossis, Rabies and Creuzfeldt-Jakobo disease. With these chosen illness the main research goal is to provide a comprehensive collection of information about the details such as disease transfer, spread of the disease, disease development, cure and avoidance. The research part of the dissertation tries to find out the extent of knowledge about the chosen kinds of zoonoses among the pupils at specialized secondary schools. As a tool of quantitative research has been used a pupil's didactic test. As based on the evaluated results we may say that the pupil's knowledge at explored schools is relatively satisfactory.

The diploma thesis deals with the transport of dangerous goods in courier services. It is divided into three parts. The first part explains the term dangerous goods and its interpretation in different legal standards. In this part selected articles of the ADR Agreement and IATA DGR Regulations for road and air transport of dangerous goods are described. After the theoretical part the practical part begins, which deals with the practical aspects of transport of dangerous goods by selected courier companies and the service provided. This part also tries to identify the incidents which may happen during the transport of dangerous goods. The third part of the diploma thesis examines the transport possibilities of a particular shipment, vaccine of the fox against rabies produced by Bioveta, a.s. company. This part suggests two possible ways of transporting the vaccine, describes the necessary formalities to be followed and compares the price offers of the surveyed companies for this transport.

O sistema de expressão gênica derivado do Semliki Forest Vírus (SFV) vem sendo muito utilizado nos últimos tempos para expressão em grandes quantidades de inúmeras proteínas, quando comparado com outros sistemas. O objetivo desse estudo foi otimizar a capacidade desse vetor viral de expressar proteínas em diferentes linhagens celulares de mamíferos, utilizando como alvo, a glicoproteína do vírus rábico (RVGP). Foram avaliadas formas de obtenção do vetor SFV recombinante, através de diferentes métodos de transfecção, como eletroporação e lipofecção, utilizando um lipossomo comercial chamado Transmessenger (Qiagen, Valencia, CA., U.S.A.). Foi estabelecido, um método rápido e preciso de quantificação das partículas virais, através da técnica de qPCR, para padronizar a relação entre a quantidade de vírus recombinante a ser utilizada em um processo de infecção, visando aumentar os níveis de produção da proteína heteróloga. Diferentes proporções entre vírus e células foram utilizadas em cinco linhagens distintas: BHK-21, Huh-7, VERO, L929 e HEK-293T; sendo avaliados dois tempos de coleta da RVGP após a infecção (24 e 48 h). A proteína gerada foi avaliada através de diferentes métodos como Western Blot, Dot blot e imunofluorescência indireta (IFI), sendo a quantificação da proteína realizada através de ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Esse trabalho contribui para o desenvolvimento de abordagens que utilizam o SFV como vetor de expressão, indicando as melhores metodologias e linhagens celulares, que podem ser utilizadas para aplicação na produção das mais variadas proteínas. / The expression system based on Semliki Forest virus (SFV) is a system which has been widely used in recent times for expression of many proteins in large quantities as compared with other systems. The aim of this study was to optimize the capacity of this vector to express viral proteins in different mammalian cell lines, using as target, the rabies virus glycoprotein (RVGP). We assessed two different methods of transfection to obtain recombinant SFV vector, such as electroporation and liposome commercial Transmessenger (Qiagen, Valencia, CA., U.S.A.). It was established also a fast and accurate quantification of viral particles by qPCR technique, to improve the relation between the amount of recombinant virus to be used in a process of infection, to increase production levels of the heterologous protein. Different proportions between viruses and cells were used in five distinct lineages: BHK-21, Huh-7, Vero, L929 and HEK-293T; being evaluated two sampling times after infection of RVGP (24 e 48 h). The protein was assessed by various methods such as Western blot, Dot blot and indirect immunofluorescence (IIF), and the protein quantification performed by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). This work contributes to the development of approaches to using the SFV expression vector indicating the best methods and cell lines that can be used for application in the production of various proteins.

A glicoproteína do vírus rábico (RVGP) é o antígeno capaz de induzir a formação de anticorpos neutralizantes e a resposta imune protetora contra a infecção pelo vírus rábico. Estudamos as cinéticas de expressão da RVGP e de seu RNA mensageiro (RVGPmRNA) em dois sistemas distintos de expressão recombinante: células de Drosophila melanogaster (S2) e células BHK-21 infectadas com vírus Semliki Forest Virus (SFV). Para isso, fizemos um trabalho de padronização do tratamento de amostras de cultivos celulares, adequando-as a um teste de ELISA para dosagem da RVGP e estabelecemos um método de RT-PCR quantitativa (qRT-PCR) para a dosagem do RVGPmRNA. Desenvolvemos também um novo método de titulação de partículas SFV por qRT-PCR, aplicável a praticamente qualquer construção de SFV recombinante. Em ensaios preliminares, as preparações de RVGP recombinante utilizadas para a imunização de camundongos foram capazes de induzir a formação de anticorpos neutralizantes e de conferir um bom grau de proteção ao teste de desafio intracerebral com vírus rábico. / The rabies virus glycoprotein is the major antigen able to induce a neutralizing antibody response and survival after challenge against rabies virus infection. We have studied the kinetic expression of RVGP and its messenger RNA (RVGPmRNA) in two different recombinant expression systems: stably transfected Drosophila melanogaster cells (rS2) and BHK-21 cells infected with Semliki Forest Virus carrying RVGP genetic information (SFV-RVGP). We have done a work of standardization of the cell culture samples treatment prior to RVGP quantification by ELISA, and we have developed and standardized a quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) to quantify the RVGPmRNA. We have also developed a new method of SFV particles titration by qRT-PCR, which is applicable to other constructions of recombinant SFV. We utilized the RVGP expressed by rS2 and SFV-RVGP systems on preliminary in vivo assays. The RVGP samples used to mice immunization were able to induce neutralizing antibodies and to lead to a nice level of protection against the intracerabral rabies virus challenge.

Células HEK293T e Huh7 foram adaptadas em meios livres de soro fetal bovino (SFM). Parâmetros metabólicos e de crescimento foram avaliados, além da expressão gênica heteróloga, utilizando um sistema de expressão que produz pseudo-partículas (ppHCV), derivadas do vírus da Leucemia Murina (MLV) e da Hepatite C (HCV). A adaptação foi realizada através de diluição sequencial para SFM. A linhagem HEK293T foi adaptada em dois SFM: Hybridoma-SFM e CHO-S-SFMII, a linhagem Huh7 foi adaptada nos quatro SFM escolhidos. O consumo de substratos para cada linhagem foi diferente entre os SFM, apesar de o crescimento celular ter sido semelhante. Para a análise da expressão gênica, três vetores foram co-transfectados em células HEK293T. Foi observado que para a produção de ppHCV, o tempo de coleta foi de 48 horas. O método de co-transfecção por lipofectamina produziu mais cópias de vírus, sendo que quantificações de 5,30x103 cópias RNA/&#956;L foram encontradas para vírus produzidos em células adaptadas no meio Hybridoma-SFM através de qRT-PCR. Estas ppHCV foram usadas para infectar células Huh7, células infectadas produziram cerca de 10 ng de proteína recombinante/106 células. / HEK 293-T and Huh7 cells were adapted in serum free mediu (SFM). Metabolic and growth parameters were assessed, as well as heterologous gene expression, using an expression system that produces pseudo-particles (ppHCV), derived from the murine leukemia virus (MLV), and Hepatitis C (HCV). The adaptation was performed by sequential dilution in SFM. The HEK- 293T line was adapted in two SFM: Hybridoma-SFM and CHO-S-SFMII, the Huh7 line was adapted in four chosen SFM. The consumption of substrates were different for each line in SFM, while cell growth was similar. For the analysis of gene expression, three vectors were co-transfected into HEK-293T cells. It was observed that for the production of ppHCV, the collection time was 48 hours. The method of co-transfection with lipofectamine produced more copies of the virus into the cells, 5,30 x103 RNA copies/&#956;L were found to virus produced in the cells adapted in Hybridoma- SFM, by qRT-PCR. These ppHCV were used to infect Huh 7, infected cells produced around 10 ng recombinant protein /106 cells.

O cDNA da glicoproteína do vírus da raiva (GPV) foi clonado em vetores plasmidiais (indutíveis) contendo ou não o cDNA do sinal de secreção BiP e da resistência ao antibiótico higromicina B. Esses vetores foram transfectados em células S2 e foram obtidas populações e subpopulações. A população S2MTGPV-H apresentou níveis 5x maiores na expressão da GPV em análise por FACS (~ 50% das células) e por ELISA (~ 0,65 µg/107 células). A seleção de subpopulações permitiu um aumento de aproximadamente 10x na expressão da GPV, especialmente na população S2MTGPV*-H. O tratamento com NaBu resultou em uma redução de aproximadamente 20% no crescimento celular e um aumento de 50% na GPV expressa pela população S2MTGPV*-H (~ 8,3 µg/107 células). O meio de cultura SF900 II permitiu um maior crescimento das células S2MTGPV*-H e uma maior síntese de GPV comparado com outros meios de cultura. Nossos dados mostram que a expressão da GPV pôde ser otimizada através da construção de vetores de expressão/seleção, subpopulações, da exposição da cromatina e do meio de cultura utilizado. / The cDNA encoding the entire rabies virus glycoprotein (RVGP) gene was cloned in plasmids (inductive) with or without a cDNA coding for the secretion signal and coding for the selection hygromicin antibiotic. These vectors were transfected into S2 cells and we had obtain cells populations and subpopulations S2MTRVGP-H cell population were shown to express 5 times higher of RVGP as evaluated by FACS (~ 50 %) and ELISA (~ 0.65 mg/107 cells at day 7). Sub-population selection allowed a higher RVGP expression, especially for the S2MTRVGP*-H. NaBu treatment leading to lower cell growth and higher RVGP expression allowed an even higher RVGP synthesis by S2MTRVGP*-H (~ 8.3 mg/107 cells at day 7 after induction). SF900II medium leading to a higher S2MTRVGP*-H cell growth allowed a higher final RVGP synthesis in this cell culture. The data show that RVGP synthesis may be optimized by the expression/selection vectors design, cell sub-populations selection, chromatine exposure and culture medium employed.

O interesse em células de inseto para a produção de proteínas complexas se deve a sua maior facilidade de cultivo e ao padrão equivalente de glicosilação quando comparado aos sistemas com células de mamíferos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar fatores que limitam ou inibem a produção da glicoproteína do vírus rábico (GPV) expressa na membrana citoplasmática de células de Drosophila melanogaster transfectadas, quando cultivadas em biorreator de bancada agitado e bubble-free, operado em modo descontínuo. Avaliaram-se as influências de oxigênio dissolvido (5 &lt; pO2 &lt;80%), da glicose (1 &lt; GLC0 &lt; 15g/L) e da glutamina (0.6 &lt; GLN0 &lt; 7g/L). Essas variáveis afetaram de forma diferenciada o crescimento celular (produção de células e velocidades específicas-&#181;X), o metabolismo celular (fatores de conversão - YX/GLC, YX/GLN, YLAC/GLC, YALA/GLC, YNH4/GLN, YALA/GLN), assim como a expressão da proteína recombinante (concentração, teor celular e produtividade). O aumento do pO2 reduziu em 9 vezes o crescimento celular mas aumentou o teor celular de GPV em 1,4 vezes. Baixos valores de GLC0 e GLN0, claramente, limitaram o crescimento, de modo que incrementos na concentração desses substratos, até valores intermediários, aumentaram &#181;X,MAX em 3 vezes e 2,5 vezes, respectivamente, e a produção de células em 11 vezes e 3 vezes, respectivamente. O teor celular de GPV máximo não foi afetado pela GLC, mas aumentou em 100% para valores de GLN0 igual ou superiores a 3,5 g/L. As concentrações de lactato produzidas foram consideradas baixas (inferiores a 0,8 g/L) para exercer qualquer efeito de inibição sobre o crescimento ou a expressão da proteína. Por sua vez, as concentrações de amônio parecem inibir tanto a produção de GPV (NH4+~50mg/L) quanto o crescimento celular (NH4+~80mg/L). A condição de cultivo com de 30% de pO2, 10 g/L de GLC0 e 3,5 g/L de GLN0 resultou nos maiores valores de produtividade (9,1 &#181;g/L.h) e de concentração de GPV (1,2 mg/L). O metabolismo de GLC e GLN apresentou grande interdependência, com alterações em GLC0 afetando o metabolismo de GLN e vice-versa. Assim, em condições de excesso de GLC0, as células apresentaram um metabolismo mais ineficiente com reduções nos fatores YX/GLC (2,3 vezes) e YX/GLN (4,6 vezes) e maior geração de subprodutos, caracterizada por incrementos nos valores de YALA/GLC (51%), YLAC/GLC (11%) e YNH4/GLN (15%). O metabolismo da GLN apresentou resposta característica de substrato em excesso para toda a faixa de valores ensaiada, com redução de 25 vezes no valor de YX/GLN e inesperadamente também uma redução na geração de subprodutos de 7 vezes para YNH4/GLN e 12 vezes para YALA/GLN. O efeito sobre o metabolismo da GLC foi mais acentuado para valores mais elevados de GLN0, com redução de 3,6 vezes para YX/GLC e incrementos de 70% para YALA/GLC e para YLAC/GLC. Os resultados sugerem ainda que a célula utiliza duas vias para metabolizar a glutamina: glutaminólise, em condição de limitação em GLC; ou glutamato sintase - NADH-GOGAT, em condição de excesso em GLC. A célula demonstrou também capacidade de sintetizar GLN, a partir de amônio ou outros aminoácidos, quando atingiu concentrações abaixo de 50 mg/L. / The interest in using insect cells to produce complex proteins is due to its ease of cultivation and its glycosylation pattern equivalent to that of mammalian cells systems. The objective of this work was to identify the limiting or inhibiting factors for the production of a rabies virus glycoprotein (RVGP), expressed in the cytoplasmatic membrane of a transfected Drosophila melanogaster S2 cells, when cultivated in a bench stirred bubble-free bioreactor, in batch mode. The influence of dissolved oxygen (5 &lt; pO2 &lt; 80%), of initial glucose concentration (1 &lt; GLC0 &lt; 15 g/L) and of initial glutamine concentration (0.6 &lt; GLN0 &lt; 7 g/L) was evaluated. These variables affected in a different way cell growth (cell production and specific growth rate - &#181;X), cell metabolism (yield factors - YX/GLC, YX/GLN, YLAC/GLC, YALA/GLC, YNH4/GLN and YALA/GLN), as well as the recombinant protein expression (RVGP concentration, RVGP cell content and RVGP productivity). pO2 increase reduced 9 times cell growth, but increased 1.4 times RVGP cell content. Low initial glucose and glutamine concentrations clearly limited the cell growth, in such a way that raising these substrates concentrations up to intermediate values, increased &#181;X,MAX 3 times and 2.5 times, respectively, and increased cell production 11 times and 3 times, respectively. The maximum RVGP cell content was not affected by GLC0, but improved 100% when GLN0 was 3.5 g/L or higher. The concentrations of produced lactate were considered low (below 0.8 g/L) to cause any inhibition effect on growth or protein expression. On the other hand, ammonium concentrations seem to inhibit RVGP production (NH4+~50 mg/L), as well as cell growth (NH4+~80 mg/L). Maximum productivity values (9.1 &#181;g/L.h) and RVGP concentration (1.2 mg/L) were attained for 30% pO2, 10 g/L of GLC0 and 3.5 g/L of GLN0 run. The metabolism of GLC and GLN showed a great interdependence, with GLC0 changes affecting the GLN metabolism, and viceversa. Thus, in glucose excess condition, cell metabolism was less efficient. This implied in reduction of yield factors - YX/GLC (2.3 times) e YX/GLN (4.6 times) - and in higher by-products generation, characterized by augmentation in YALA/GLC (51%), YLAC/GLC (11%) and YNH4/GLN (15%). The glutamine metabolism showed a substrate excess response pattern to the whole range of concentration studied, with reduction of YX/GLN (25 times) and, unexpectedly, a reduction of by-products liberation - YNH4/GLN (7 times) and YALA/GLN (12 times). The effect on glucose metabolism was more intense when the glutamine concentration was higher, showing a 3.6 times diminution YX/GLC and a 70% augmentation for YALA/GLC and YLAC/GLC. The results suggest that cells metabolize glutamine through two different pathways glutaminolysis, under glucose limitation, or glutamate synthase - NADH-GOGAT, under glucose excess. The cell, proved also to be able to synthesize glutamine from ammonium or other amino acids, when it reached concentrations below 50 mg/L.

Para atestar a imunogenicidade de vacinas contra raiva, os testes de titulação e de soroneutralização de vírus rábico em células BHK-21 foram validados quanto à linearidade, precisão, exatidão e robustez. Cinco esquemas de imunização com diferentes concentrações, vias de inoculação e intervalos entre as doses foram avaliados em camundongos com vacina contra raiva em células Vero. O grupo II que recebeu um esquema de 2 doses e intervalos maiores (0 e 60 dias) apresentou títulos de anticorpos neutralizantes [ACN] mais elevados (46,1 UI/mL) do que o Grupo I (19,4 UI/mL), de 3 doses e intervalos menores (0,7 e 28 dias). O grupo III, que recebeu 2 doses, sendo a 1ª diluída 1/10, apresentou ACN semelhantes ao grupo II (39,2 UI/mL), sendo igualmente eficaz. Nenhum animal do grupo IV, imunizado por via oral (VO) apresentou ACN, indicando supressão e todos os do grupo V, imunizados VO com antígeno adsorvido/encapsulado em sílica nanoestruturada SBA-15, apresentaram títulos de ACN detectáveis, mostrando que o antígeno foi protegido da degradação no trato gastrointestinal. / To assure the reliability of the results of immunogenicity of rabies vaccines, tests of virus titration and neutralization in BHK-21 cells were validated for linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness. Five schemes of immunization with different concentrations, routes of inoculation and intervals between doses were evaluated in mice with rabies vaccine in Vero cells. Group II, immunized with 2 doses and enlarged interval (0 and 60 days) presented higher levels of neutralizing antibody (NAs) (46,1 IU/mL) than group I (19,4 IU/mL), with 3 doses and shorter intervals (0,7 and 28 days). Group III, which received 2 doses, the 1st diluted to 1/10, presented results similar to group II (39,2 IU/mL). None mouse of Group IV, immunized by oral route, presented NAs, indicating suppression and all mice of group V, immunized by oral route with vaccine adsorbed/encapsulated in nanostructured SBA-15 silica presented detectable NAs titers, showing that the SBA-15 silica prevented the antigen degradation in the gastrointestinal tract.