Introdução: Um Questionário de Frequência Alimentar Quantitativo (QUEFAC) foi construído por HINNIG et al. (2014) para avaliar a dieta habitual de crianças de 7 a 10 anos, uma vez que os desenvolvidos para adultos podem superestimar o consumo de crianças. No entanto, não foi testado quanto à sua validade e reprodutibilidade para que o instrumento possa ser utilizado em pesquisas. Objetivo: avaliar a reprodutibilidade e a validade do QUEFAC para a amostra como um todo e avaliar a validade estratificada por sexo, faixa etária e nível socioeconômico. Métodos: o estudo de reprodutibilidade foi realizado no município de Araraquara, em abril de 2013, com 89 crianças de 7 a 10 anos que responderam a dois QUEFACs com intervalo de 15 dias entre as aplicações. O estudo de validade foi realizado com 167 crianças de duas escolas do município de São Paulo de agosto a dezembro de 2013. Neste, as crianças responderam a três Recordatórios de 24 horas (R24h) que serviram como método de referência e a um QUEFAC. Em ambos os estudos, os responsáveis pelas crianças responderam a um questionário socioeconômico e realizou-se a avaliação da habilidade da criança em responder ao QUEFAC. Para avaliação da reprodutibilidade e validade, utilizaram-se o teste de diferença de médias para amostras pareadas (teste t pareado e Wilcoxon), calcularamse os coeficientes de correlação intraclasse e Kappa ponderado, além da análise dos gráficos de Bland-Altman. Resultados: mais de 55 por cento das crianças foram avaliadas com habilidade boa, muito boa ou excelente em todos os aspectos avaliados ao responder o QUEFAC. No estudo de reprodutibilidade, observou-se diferença de médias entre uma aplicação e outra do QUEFAC para todos os nutrientes investigados, o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse variou de 0,12 a 0,54, valores de Kappa ponderado de 0,01 a 0,39 e os gráficos de Bland-Altman mostraram distribuição aleatória para todos os nutrientes. No estudo de validade para amostra como um todo, observou-se diferença de média para todos os nutrientes, com exceção da energia e zinco, os coeficiente de correlação intraclasse variaram de 0 a 0,37, valores de Kappa ponderado de 0 a 0,27 e gráficos de Bland-Altman mostraram distribuição aleatória dos dados para lipídios, carboidratos, cálcio, fósforo, sódio, zinco, vitaminas B1, B2, niacina, vitamina C, retinol e gordura saturada. A avaliação da validade estratificada por sexo, faixa etária e nível socioeconômico apresentou resultados semelhantes. Conclusão: O QUEFAC não se mostrou válido para avaliação da dieta habitual dos últimos 3 meses em crianças de 7 a 10 anos residentes em São Paulo e apresentou moderada reprodutibilidade para energia, proteínas, cálcio, fósforo, ferro, potássio, magnésio e vitamina B2. / Introduction: A Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QUEFAC) was developed by Hinnig et al. (2010 ) to assess the usual intake of children aged 7 to 10 years, because instruments developed for adults may overestimate food consumption of children. However, it was not tested for validity and reliability, so that the instrument can be used in research. Objective: to assess the reproducibility and validity of QUEFAC for the sample as a whole and to evaluate the validity stratified by sex, age group and socioeconomic status. Methods: The reproducibility study was conducted in the city of Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil, in April 2013, with 89 children aged 7 to 10 years who answered two QUEFAC\'s with an interval of 15 days between applications. The validity study was conducted with 167 children from two schools in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, from August to December 2013. In this, children responded to three 24-hour dietary recalls (24HR ) which was the reference method and to a QUEFAC. In both studies, the caregivers of the children answered a socioeconomic questionnaire and the child\'s ability to respond to QUEFAC was assessed. The mean difference for paired samples (Wilcoxon and paired t test), the intraclass correlation coefficient, the weighted kappa and the analysis of Bland- Altman were used to assess the reproducibility and the validity. Results: Fifty five percent of children had their ability to answer the questionnaire considered good, very good or excellent in all the aspects. In the reproducibility study, we observed a significant difference between the means for all nutrients of the two QUEFAC, the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.12 to 0.54, the weighted kappa values ranged from 0.01 to 0.39. The Bland-Altman plots showed random distribution for all nutrients. In the validity study of the entire sample, we observed difference in means for all nutrients, except for energy and zinc, the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0 to 0.37, the weighted kappa values ranged from 0 to 0.27. The Bland-Altman plot showed a random distribution of data for lipids, carbohydrates, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, zinc, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, vitamin C, retinol and saturated fat. The assessment of the validity stratified by sex, age and socioeconomic status showed similar results. Conclusion: the QUEFAC was not valid for the evaluation of habitual intake of the last three months for children aged 7 to 10 years living in the city of Sao Paulo and had moderate reproducibility for energy, protein, calcium, phosphorus, iron , potassium, magnesium and vitamin B2.

There is limited research on the use of results-based management (RBM) in schools, therefore this study focussed on developing a sustainable and effective RBM model. The objectives of the study were to identify the obstacles encountered in implementing RBM in primary and secondary schools in the Goromonzi District, identify and describe the steps taken in developing and sustaining an effective RBM model, and to develop a sustainable and effective RBM model suitable for both Zimbabwean primary and secondary schools. A qualitative research method was used since the researcher’s interest was to gain insight into and understanding of school heads’ and teachers’ perceptions, concerns and experiences in their real world conditions when implementing RBM. The study covered ten purposely selected schools in the Goromonzi District. Semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were conducted with the school heads and teachers. To enhance the validity of the findings, this study adhered to ethical principles and techniques. The following salient findings that emerged from the study were that the school heads and teachers had a negative perception of IRBM because a top-down approach was used when it was introduced and the system was not customised since it was merely “imported” from a developed country whose context was different from the Zimbabwean socio-political and economic environment. There was also a serious dearth of financial resources to support the system and this affected the quality of RBM training negatively. The lack of funding also led to the non-payment of incentives for the staff with regard to implementing RBM. It was also indicated that the senior Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education officials showed a lack of commitment and support for RBM. To address the implementation challenges it was indicated that resources had to be mobilised to ensure the capacitation of school heads and teachers and also for incentivising them. Incentivising staff is critical for the successful implementation of RBM. It was also noted that there was a need to develop a results culture in schools and train school heads in change management. It was concluded that a home grown RBM model that was context sensitive to the Zimbabwean situation was required. As envisaged, the study resulted in the development of the three phased Zimbabwe results-based management practical model (ZRBMPM). The first phase addresses RBM implementing challenges and the second phase focusses on incentivising staff to promote the effective implementation of results management. The last phase entails the production of the results. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

AFRIKAANS: Gesinne wat met ’n kleuter met ’n gesiggestremdheid gekonfronteer word, het meervoudige behoeftes wat ’n holistiese benadering vereis ten einde hierdie komplekse probleem effektief aan te spreek. Geen navorsing is egter nog gedoen waar daar na die Suid-Afrikaanse ouer wat ’n kleuter met ’n gesiggestremdheid het, se behoeftes gekyk is ten einde ’n gespesialiseerde, empiries gefundeerde ouerbegeleidingsprogram te ontwikkel nie. Hierdie studie het dus ten doel gehad om ’n begeleidingsprogram vir ouers van ’n kleuter met gesiggestremdheid te ontwikkel en die effektiwiteit daarvan te evalueer. Intervensienavorsing as toegepaste navorsing is hiervoor aangewend.<p[> ’n Tweefase-navorsingsbenadering is gebruik. Tydens fase een is van ’n kwalitatiewe benadering gebruik gemaak. Die volgende navorsingsvraag is tydens hierdie fase geformuleer: Watter behoeftes het die Suid-Afrikaanse ouer van ’n kleuter met gesiggestremdheid? : ’n Fokusgroepbespreking waar fokusgroepvrae benut is, is met 10 ouerpare deurloop ten einde die betekenis en interpretasie wat hulle aan hulle leefwêreld heg, te eksploreer. Hierdie data het, aanvullend tot die omvattende literatuurstudie wat onderneem is, inligting na vore gebring wat in die ouerbegeleidingsprogram gebruik is. Antwoorde op die navorsingsvraag kon dus gevind word. Die kwantitatiewe ontwerp wat tydens fase twee gevolg is, is die enkelstelselontwerp. Die volgende navorsingshipotese is tydens hierdie fase geformuleer: : Indien die ouers van ’n kleuter met gesiggestremdheid die ouerbegeleidingsprogram deurloop, sal hulle bemagtig word met kennis ten opsigte van hulle kind se spesifieke oogtoestand, die invloed daarvan op en hulle hantering van die betrokke kind, hulle huwelik en hulle gesin: . Die maatskaplikewerk-intervensieprogram wat ontwikkel is, bestaan uit ses groepwerksessies van ongeveer 60 minute elk wat met twee groepe van 10 ouers in totaal deurloop is. ’n Selfontwerpte vraelys is voor en na afloop van die program deur al 10 ouers voltooi. Hierdie meetinstrument het bostaande hipotese bevestig. Vergelykings is getref tussen die literatuur en die empiriese gegewens. Gevolgtrekkings en aanbevelings vir toekomstige navorsing is na aanleiding van die studie geformuleer. ENGLISH: Families that are confronted with a toddler with a visual impairment have multiple needs that require a holistic approach in order to address this complex problem effectively. However, no research has been done yet that looks at the needs of the South African parent with a toddler with a visual impairment in order to develop a specialized, empirically grounded parental guiding programme. This study thus aimed at developing a guiding programme for parents with a toddler with a visual impairment and evaluating its effectiveness. Interventional research as applied research was utilised for this purpose. A two-phase research approach was used. During phase one a qualitative approach was used. The following research question was formulated during this phase: What are the needs of the South African parent with a toddler with a visual impairment? A focus-group discussion where focus-group questions were used was held with 10 parents in order to explore the meaning and interpretation that they attach to their daily world. These data, in addition to the wide-ranging literature study that had been undertaken, brought information to the fore that was used in the parental guiding programme. Answers to the research question could thus be found. The quantitative design that was followed during phase two was the single-system design. The following research hypothesis was formulated during this phase: If the parents of a toddler with a visual impairment follow the parental guiding programme, they will be empowered with knowledge with regard to their child’s specific eye condition, its influence on and their management of the child concerned, their marriage and their family. The social-work interventional programme that was developed consists of six group-work sessions of approximately 60 minutes each that were held for two groups of 10 parents in total. A self-designed questionnaire was completed by these 10 parents before and after the programme. This measuring instrument confirmed the above-mentioned hypothesis. Comparisons were made between literature and the empirical data. Conclusions and recommendations for future research were formulated following on this study. / Thesis (DPhil)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Social Work and Criminology / unrestricted

Cette thèse sur la nouvelle gouvernance financière publique dans le système des Nations Unies se présente en deux parties : première partie - La mise en œuvre de la nouvelle gouvernance financière publique dans les organisations du système des Nations Unies ; et deuxième partie - Le renforcement de la nouvelle gouvernance financière publique dans les organisations du système des Nations Unies. Pour notre étude, nous avons appliqué aux organisations du système des Nations Unies les éléments pertinents du cadre de référence établi par certains organes subsidiaires pour la nouvelle gouvernance financière publique, en particulier ceux qui se rapportent au cycle allant de la planification à l'établissement des rapports, dont il est question plus en détail dans les deux parties de la thèse. Ce cadre de référence vaut pour la nouvelle gouvernance financière publique dans son ensemble. Or. pour certaines activités spéciales, seule la budgétisation axée sur les résultats est pratiquée. Certains éléments du cadre de référence ne s'appliquent donc pas dans le contexte de la présente thèse, cependant d'autres aspects jugés importants pour toute démarche de la nouvelle gouvernance financière publique sont pris en compte. / This thesis on the new public financial governance in the United Nations system has two parts : first part - the implementation of the new public financial governance in organizations of the United Nations system ; and second part - the strengthening of the new public financial governance in organizations of the United Nations system. For our study, we applied the relevant elements of the terms of reference established by certain subsidiary bodies for new public financial governance in organizations of the United Nations system, in particular those that relate to the cycle from planning to establish reports being discussed more in detail in the two parts of the thesis. This framework applies to the new public financial governance as a whole. However, for some special activities, only the results-based budgeting is practiced. Some elements of the terms of reference do not therefore apply in the context of the present thesis, however, other aspects considered important for any new public financial governance process are taken into account.

Made available in DSpace on 2009-11-18T18:56:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 carolinalemos.pdf: 1149447 bytes, checksum: 21e39cb4e1c087bd5abd713dbbe6f312 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / This research analyses the model of management for results from Minas Gerais State. The theoretical research begins with the origin of the management for results, then analyses its influences and tools. A case study about Minas Gerais State is presented and the model analysis tool is applied. This tool was developed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IADB). It is being applied in many countries and states. After that, interviews with the main people of Minas Gerais government were carried out to get information about the current model of management. With all this information collected, the model is analysed to verify if it is adequate or not to the standards of the management for results. / Este estudo busca analisar o modelo de gestão orientado a resultados do Estado de Minas Gerais com base na literatura existente sobre o assunto. A pesquisa bibliográfica tem início com as origens da gestão orientada a resultados, passa pelas teorias influentes e analisa os instrumentos que podem ser utilizados pela mesma. Em seguida é apresentado o caso do Estado de Minas Gerais, com suas características e peculiaridades e é feita a aplicação do instrumento de avaliação do modelo. Este instrumento foi desenvolvido pelo Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento ¿ BID e vem sendo aplicado em diversos países e em seus níveis subnacionais. Foram feitas, também, entrevistas com atores chave do governo de Minas Gerais visando levantar informações acerca do modelo de gestão adotado. Com todas as informações levantadas, o modelo é analisado com o objetivo de se verificar a sua adequação ou não aos padrões da gestão orientada a resultados.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-15T11:46:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1921576 bytes, checksum: 089bb16dfc8ec52a2ca6e0e4fea4e360 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-25 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / In this work, we present some properties of the class of multiple summing multilinear operators. We summarize the theory with the aim of showing in details recent results such as coincidence results, inclusion results and results involving cotype. / No presente trabalho, estudamos algumas propriedades dos operadores multilineares múltiplo somantes. Fazemos um resumo da teoria com o objetivo de apresentar com detalhes resultados recentes de coincidência, inclusão e resultados envolvendo cotipo.

Submitted by Geandra Rodrigues (geandrar@gmail.com) on 2017-12-22T13:28:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 anapaulapequenomatos.pdf: 1660293 bytes, checksum: 08349c4d837da55df30bbe6298af5a7a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-01-22T18:22:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 anapaulapequenomatos.pdf: 1660293 bytes, checksum: 08349c4d837da55df30bbe6298af5a7a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T18:22:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anapaulapequenomatos.pdf: 1660293 bytes, checksum: 08349c4d837da55df30bbe6298af5a7a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-26 / O caso de gestão estudado discutiu a gestão para resultados em uma escola de ensino médio pertencente à rede pública do estado do Ceará, tendo como contexto o Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará - SPAECE. Tal pesquisa justifica-se pela crescente expressividade das avaliações externas nas políticas de gerenciamento dos sistemas educacionais, a partir das quais emanam duas perspectivas que se entrelaçam no fazer didático: o binômio sucesso e fracasso escolares. Os objetivos definidos para este estudo foram analisar como a gestão tem se apropriado dos resultados do SPAECE, captando elementos que possam ser utilizados para a melhoria das práticas de gestão pedagógica e de resultados, visando contribuir para a elaboração de uma proposta de intervenção com o intuito de fomentar a aprendizagem significativa dos estudantes, tendo como questão norteadora o seguinte problema: de que forma ocorre a ação gestora em uma escola regular pertencente à Superintendência das Escolas de Fortaleza 1 (SEFOR 1) no contexto dos resultados do SPAECE? As discussões desenvolvidas basearam-se nos seguintes autores: Ball (2002; 2010), Vieira (2002; 2007; 2013); Vianna (2003; 2009), Franco (2004), Rosa et al (2006), Martins, Brocanelli (2010), Dalben (2010), Lück (2000, 2009), Luckesi (2011), Brooke, (2012), Monteiro e Mota (2013), Blasis et al (2014), Ikeshoji, Terçario, Ruiz (2015), Trojan e Corrêa (2015), Pinto e Santos (2016), Terrasêca (2016), a partir dos quais delineou-se a gestão para resultados no ambiente escolar caracterizando o papel do gestor enquanto força promotora da aprendizagem estudantil, pautada na prática colaborativa de monitoramento e avaliação do fazer escolar enquanto ferramenta para a construção de uma escola aprendente. Além disso, os autores contribuem para o delineamento do panorama da apropriação de resultados das avaliações externas enquanto processo pedagógico com vistas à qualidade educacional. Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, como estudo de caso, verificou-se a interrelação entre a gestão, as avaliações externas, aqui representadas pelo SPAECE e, o sucesso da escola. O levantamento dos dados foi realizado in loco, por meio de observações na instituição-alvo da pesquisa. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada aos sujeitos do estudo, componentes do núcleo pedagógico: Gestora, Coordenadores Pedagógicos e Professores Coordenadores de Área de Linguagens e Códigos e, Matemática. Em razão dos resultados do estudo, concluiu-se que a gestão pedagógica da escola valida a avaliação externa enquanto mensurador da qualidade escolar, embora desconheçam as publicações do SPAECE e careçam de reordenar as práticas de gestão para que a comunidade possa apropriar-se do planejamento estratégico da escola. Assim, o Plano de Ação Educacional (PAE) apresentado compreende ações que visem a favorecer a gestão participativa no contexto de utilização pedagógica dos resultados do SPAECE e o fortalecimento dos planejamentos enquanto espaço-tempos de formação dos professores, dentre elas a formação de um grupo de estudos com foco nos resultados e planejamento estratégico da escola, estudos direcionados aos professores e, um marco festivo para apropriação dos resultados da escola. / The case in study discusses the management for results in a secondary school belonging to the public system of Ceará, taking as context the Sistema Permanente de Avaliação da Educação Básica do Ceará - SPAECE. This research is justified by the strong expressiveness of large-scale assessments in education policies, from which two perspectives that interlace in the didactic work: the binomial success and failure school. The main purpose of this study was to analyze how management has appropriated the results of SPAECE, capturing elements that can be used to improve pedagogical management practices and results, aiming to contribute to the elaboration of a proposal of intervention with the to foster significant student learning, the following problem being the guiding question: How does the management action in a public high school of Fortaleza, in the context of the SPAECE? The discussions were based on the following authors: Ball (2002; 2010), Vieira (2002; 2007; 2013); Vianna (2003; 2009), Franco (2004), Rosa et al (2006), Martins, Brocanelli (2010), Dalben (2010), Lück (2000, 2009), Luckesi (2011), Brooke, (2012), Monteiro and Mota (2013), Blasis; et al (2014), Ikeshoji, Terçario, Ruiz (2015), Trojan and Corrêa (2015), Pinto and Santos (2016), Terrasêca (2016), because they describe management for results in the school, characterizing the role of the of the principal as a strength for student learning, based on collaborative approach to monitoring and evaluating school achievement as a tool for building a learning school. They also contribute to the use to large-scale testing results as a pedagogical process for the quality education. This qualitative case study investigates the link between the management, the large-scale evaluations, represented here by SPAECE, and the success of the school. The data were collected through observations at the research institution. The research instrument was the semi - structured interview. The study subjects are components of the pedagogical leaders: Principal, Pedagogical Coordinators and Coordinating Teachers of Languages and Codes Area and Mathematics. The study was concluded that the pedagogical leaders validates the results of large-scale assessments as a measure of school quality, although they do not know the publications of SPAECE and they need to improve management practices so that the community can appropriate the planning of the school. Thus, the Educational Action Plan (PAE) presented includes actions that aim to favor participatory management in the context of pedagogical use of the results of SPAECE and the strengthening of planning as space-times of teacher training, as the formation of a group of studies focused on the results and strategic planning of the school, studies aimed at teachers and a festive framework for appropriation of the results of the school.

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2016-07-28T18:55:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 luisclaudiorodriguescarvalho.pdf: 1350672 bytes, checksum: f4bad86ec8db0324baac4c9387c86d4d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-29T11:40:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 luisclaudiorodriguescarvalho.pdf: 1350672 bytes, checksum: f4bad86ec8db0324baac4c9387c86d4d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-29T11:40:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 luisclaudiorodriguescarvalho.pdf: 1350672 bytes, checksum: f4bad86ec8db0324baac4c9387c86d4d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-15 / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar como é realizada a gestão dos resultados do Sistema Mineiro de Avaliação da Educação Pública (Simave/Proeb) em duas escolas estaduais de Juiz de Fora. Tais resultados produzidos e divulgados através do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação (CAEd) e da Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Minas Gerais tem por finalidade propor melhorias na gestão e na apropriação dos resultados nas mencionadas duas escola. A pesquisa possui uma abordagem qualitativa por utilizar como método o estudo de caso e como instrumentos de coleta de dados a aplicação de entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionários, além de análise documental sobre os resultados obtidos pelos alunos das unidades escolares participantes deste estudo em uma série histórica. Os resultados da pesquisa, além de apontarem para a validade dos momentos de discussão a respeito dos resultados obtidos pelas escolas, identificam oportunidades de melhoria nos respectivos processos utilizados. / This work aims at verifying how the management of the results of the Sistema Mineiro de Avaliação da Educação Pública (Simave/Proeb) − System of Public Education Evaluation of Minas Gerais – in two state schools of Juiz de Fora is done. Such results that were produced and disseminated by the Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação (CAEd) − Center of Public Policy and Education Evaluation − and the Secretaria Estadual de Educação de Minas Gerais (State Secretariat of Education of Minas Gerais) aim at proposing improvements in the management and appropriation of the results in the two mentioned schools. The research has a qualitative approach as it uses as method a case study, and as tools of data collection the application of semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, besides a documentary analysis on the results achieved by the students of the participating school units of this study in a chronological series. The results of this research, in addition to point out the validity of the moments of discussion about the results obtained by the schools, identify opportunities of improvement in the respective processes used.

New Public Management has been the prevailing governance model in public sector administration since the late 1980s. In 2005, OECD-DAC member states adopted the resultsbased management model ‘Paris Agenda for Aid Effectiveness’, building on new public management theory and values. The aim was to achieve more effective aid by coordinatingand harmonising donor efforts, aligning development interventions and funding, supporting national ownership and propelling a result- and accountability culture by demonstrating achievements.Despite its worthy ambitions the Aid Effectiveness Agenda has paradoxically failed todeliver on its own outcomes. The results-based management framework underpinning theagenda has proven to be highly complex in methodology, interpretation and application. The framework is laborious and burdensome, diverting time from ‘ordinary’ work and risking a bureaucratization of the development aid sector. The ‘measurement fever’ has grippeddonors and agencies alike, and is now mainly driven by donors’ domestic accountability concerns, rather than the real needs of developing countries. More alarmingly, it has not onlyhad numerous unintended consequences but also outright adverse effects. This in turnen dangers long-term human development.This study sets out to explore to what extent the results-based management framework, based on new public management theory, has been a suitable management model to achieve aid effectiveness in the development aid sector. It departs from the governance theories of Denhardt and Denhardt (2000) and assesses whether New Public Service couldbe a fitting alternative governance model. The study utilizes the realist review methodology,specifically the CMO-configuration, in order to explore how context and mechanisms interact and how this affects the outcome. This study has through its aggregative and configurativeambition explored 26 scholarly articles in the time frame of 2011 to 2021 in order to draw conclusions.The review has found that the results-based management framework does not support the underlying theory of change that is imperative to achieve the Aid Effectiveness Agenda.Contextual factors are found to impede implementation, although due to being under research edit is difficult to determine to what extent. Further, none of the five mechanisms ofthe Paris Declaration can neither fully nor partially be said to contribute to ‘aid effectiveness’as defined in the Aid Effectiveness Agenda. Rather, the review has found that the literatureall point to numerous adverse effects of its implementation.This study concludes that the New Public Service governance model, at least intheory, could prove to be a more suitable management model for the development aidsector. Since the sector is neither linear nor predictable as the business sector for whichthe framework was developed, it is not surprising that adverse effects abound. Especiallysince the development aid sector is highly complex with a multitude of actors, politicalincentives and not least challenging implementational environments. In contrast, New Public Service places the citizen at the centre and aspire at buildingdemocratic citizenship and community through citizen participation and dialogue. Such analternative governance model built on democratic theory and participative epistemologyhas the potential to democratize governance practices by replacing the vertical top-downprincipal-agent dynamics of new public management with more horizontal forms of citizeninvolvement, co-determination and mutual accountability. New Public Service stresses the‘serving not steering’ aspect of governance, which would open up for a more authenticdiscourse of recipients owning development in their own society and setting the direction.No systematic review has previously been carried out to assess governance models inrelation to achieving the Aid Effectiveness Agenda. In fact, there is very little research onwhat has worked or not regarding the agenda. This thesis sets out to fill this gap and tocontribute to the discussion of governance models on a theoretical level. It is also anempirical contribution to applied development management regarding insights about whatcontexts and mechanisms affect aid effectiveness.

Bakgrund: Förvirringen kring hur den ideella sektorn och dess mångfald ska benämnas försvårar situationen gällande hur forskning om sektorn utvecklas. Fokus i denna studie är därför enbart på välgörenhetsorganisationer, som en del av den ideella sektorn. Antalet välgörenhetsorganisationer tycks ständigt öka och som följd har en slags konkurrenssituation utvecklats, vilket har ökat organisationernas medvetenhet kring styrning. Givare och allmänhet förväntar sig allt mer tydlighet och transparens vad gäller information om organisationernas prestationer och resultat. Problemdiskussion: Välgörenhetsorganisationer står inför ett antal utmaningar vad gäller deras styrning. Utmaningarna tycks bero på att beslutsfattandet uppfattas som diffust och otydligt samt att det saknas definitioner och mått av väsentliga begrepp så som prestationer och resultat. Funderingar har väckts kring hur organisationernas beslut om resursprioriteringar görs och vilken roll och påverkan ekonomistyrning har vid dessa situationer. Vidare har funderingar även väckts angående prestationsoch resultatbegreppets innebörd i välgörenhetsorganisationers specifika kontext. Syfte: Studiens första syfte är att kartlägga välgörenhetsorganisationernas beslutsprocess för att identifiera och förklara hur beslut om resursprioriteringar görs och vilken roll ekonomistyrningen har vid dessa beslutssituationer. Vidare syftar studien även till att definiera prestationsbegreppet och hur detta kan mätas samt utreda vad resultatbegreppet innebär för välgörenhetsorganisationer. Studien ska resultera i en referensram för att öka kunskapen om ekonomistyrningens roll i välgörenhetsorganisationers beslutsprocess. Metod: Forskningen antar en fallstudie med två välgörenhetsorganisationer där semi-strukturerade intervjuer och granskning av dokument har legat till grund för insamling av empiriskt material. Resultat och analys: Ekonomistyrningen tycks inte ha den roll eller det genomslag i de studerade organisationerna som den beskrivs kan eller till och med borde ha, detta tycks vidare kunna bero på ett antal identifierade gap. Besluten i organisationerna tycks istället påverkas och styras av en rad andra faktorer, där medlemmarnas tolkning av dessa faktorer uppfattas som utbredd. I dagsläget använder sig organisationerna inte av begreppet prestation utan talar istället i andra termer när de syftar på vad de utför. Resultatbegreppet tycks vidare ha två innebörder beroende på situationen. Slutsats: Utifrån studien som genomförts kan det konstateras att ekonomistyrningen inte har en speciellt utbredd roll i välgörenhetsorganisationernas verksamhet och inte heller i deras beslutsprocess. Besluten tenderar istället att baseras på medlemmarnas känslor, interna diskussioner, extern information, tillströmningen av medel och vad som är publikt för tillfället. Organisationerna talar i termer av output, aktivitet och verksamhet när de syftar till begreppet prestation. Vidare innebär prestationsbegreppet att något utförts, vanligen gentemot mottagaren i utsatthet. Det har dock uppdagats att organisationerna utför prestationer av både social och ekonomisk karaktär. Resultatbegreppet tycks vidare avgöra värdeaspekten i det som organisationerna utför. Resultatbegreppet i organisationerna syftar därmed som följd både till ekonomiska och sociala resultat. / Background: The confusion around how the nonprofit sector and its diversity will be named complicates the situation regarding how research about the sector develops. Focus of this study is therefore solely on charities, as a part of the nonprofit sector. The amounts of charities are constantly increasing and as a consequence a competitive situation has occurred, which has increased the organizations awareness about management control. Donors and the public are expecting even more clarity and transparency regarding information about the organizations performance and results. Problem discussion: Charities face a number of challenges regarding their management control. The challenges seem to be related to the fact that the decision-making is perceived as diffuse and unclear. Also lacks of definitions and measures around significant concepts like performance and results. Concerns have been raised about how the organizations' decisions on resource prioritizations are done and what role and impact management control has in these situations. Furthermore, concerns have also been raised regarding the concepts of performance and results and their signification in the charities specific context. Purpose: The first objective of the study is to map the charitable organization's decision-making process. This in order to identify and explain how decisions about resource priorities are made and what role the management control has on these decision-making situations. Secondly, the study aims to define the concept of performance and how the concept of performance can be measured and also examine what the concept of result means for charities. The study will result in a framework for increasing knowledge about the role of management control in the decision-making process of charities. Method: This research adopts a case study methodology with two charities in which semi-structured interviews and reviews of documents have been the basis for collecting empirical data. Results and analysis: The management control does not appear to have the role or the impact of the studied organizations that it is described can or even should have, which seem to depend on a number of identified gaps. The decisions of the organizations seem rather to be influenced and controlled by a number of other factors, where the members' interpretation of these factors is perceived as widespread. In the current situation the organisations are not using the concept of performance, instead they are talking in other terms when they refer to what they do. The concept of result seems furthermore have two meanings depending on the situation. Conclusion: Based on the study conducted, it can be stated that the management control does not have a particularly prevalent role in the charitable organizations and not either in their decision-making process. Instead, the decisions tend to depend on the members' feelings, internal discussions, external information, the inflow of funds and what is currently of public interest. The organizations are talking in terms of output, activity, and operation when they refer to the concept of performance. Furthermore, the concept of performance means that something has been done, usually against the receiver in distress. However, it has been revealed that the organizations are undertaking performance of both social and economic character. The concept of result also seems to determine the value of what the organizations accomplish. The concept of result, as a consequence, therefore aims both to economic and social results.