<p dir="ltr">The importance of public input is increasingly recognized in the restoration of contaminated communities. Opening the decision-making process to the public allows for a wider representation of interests regarding changes being made to the community and is a vital component to successful restoration and revitalization. Over the last 50 years, the Great Lakes Areas of Concern (AOCs) have undergone remediation and restoration of contaminated waterbodies and their surrounding area to improve environmental, social, and economic conditions. Though public input is typically sought out in these projects, it is common for many people and groups within a community to be uninvolved. As opportunities for community revitalization increase, it is important to understand the community’s role in this process. There is little understanding of what public participation looks like amongst AOCs; while many have successfully engaged with the community, others are still struggling to garner interest or involvement from their community. Our research examines community perceptions of revitalization, as well as the motivators and barriers in place for the public to be involved in the overall remediation, restoration, and revitalization framework using qualitative document analysis, interviews, and a survey instrument. Our results shed light on the importance of representation and trust in community participation and how revitalization is perceived by members of the community, as well as if revitalization indicators align with community interest in Great Lakes AOCs.</p>

The Haida language, Xaad Kil is dangerously close to extinction and in need of heroic action. The purpose of this study is to find out what ancient traditions and beliefs we could incorporate into our language revitalization efforts. Drawing on archival literature and community knowledge, I found almost 100 traditional ways to support Xaad Kil revitalization. There are four main chapters: Haida foods, Haida medicines, Haida rituals and ceremonies and Haida supernatural beings that could contribute to Xaad Kil revitalization. The food chapter features two-dozen traditional foods from salmon to berries that support a healthy lifestyle for Haida language speakers and that could strengthen our connections to the supernatural world. The Haida medicine chapter features two dozen traditional medicines from single-delight to salt water that could heal, strengthen and purify the Haida language learner. The ritual and ceremony chapter features over two-dozen rituals from devil’s club rituals to labret piercing ceremonies that could strengthen Haidas and our language learning. The supernatural being chapter features twenty-three supernatural beings including Greatest Crab and Lady Luck that could bring a language learner wealth, knowledge, luck and strength. This study suggests that a Xaad kil learner and the Xaad kil language need to be pure, protected, connected, lucky, strong, healthy, respected, loved and wise. The path to these qualities is within the traditions and beliefs featured in this research. This study is significant because it shows that the language revitalization answers are within and all around us. / Graduate / 0290 / 0326 / lucybell@uvic.ca

在清朝前期的康雍乾三朝中，清朝皇帝曾經復興入關前的滿洲傳統文化。在本文中將這些措施整體稱之為滿洲文化復興運動（Manchu cultural revitalization movement）。大致上來說可以分為三個方面：1. 提倡國語振興騎射；2. 整理滿洲歷史與傳統；3. 維持八旗制度運作。康雍乾三朝所推行一系列的復興滿洲文化的措施，表現了清朝皇帝對於滿洲文化的重視。學界過去對於此一現象的詮釋，認為清朝皇帝的作法是擔心滿洲人被漢人所同化而失去統治的特權。然而更基本的問題是：為何政經特權的維持，需要透過文化的復興運動來達成？國語騎射、滿洲源流與八旗制度等代表滿洲文化的符號，對於清朝皇帝具有什麼樣的意義？而本文試圖從清朝入關前與入關後的滿漢關係，以及相關的滿洲身分與文化變遷過程來討論前述的問題。 首先，清朝以少數民族的征服王朝之姿，建立了廣土眾民的多民族帝國。為了爭取漢人以及滿洲人支持清朝的統治，清朝皇帝一方面透過宣示滿漢一體，尊崇儒家思想與傳統中國的官僚制度來建立其統治漢人的正當性；另一方面，出於對漢人反滿意識的防備，又必須崇滿抑漢，以維持本民族的優勢地位。因此，如何在首崇滿洲的原則下，又不至於激起漢人對清朝統治的反感，是清朝皇帝在統治上所面臨的重要課題之一。 然而，推行崇滿抑漢政策的前提在於區分滿漢。在清朝發展的歷史中，滿漢接觸的經驗形塑了滿洲與漢人的文化意義。而清朝皇帝對於滿漢的區分也受到這種文化意義的影響。而這種文化意義也隨著歷史事件的介入而有所改變。 在滿漢接觸的歷史中，滿漢之分主要是建立在身分與文化上的差異。入關前的滿洲文化對於清朝皇帝而言，是征服民族優勢的象徵。清朝皇帝透過復興滿語、騎射與八旗制度等滿洲文化符號，以及排斥漢習的做法，來重申（或重塑）滿洲性（Manchuness），藉此重新鞏固滿漢對立的二元意義結構，以及相應的滿洲統治地位。 滿洲文化復興運動的推行，必須透過在傳統中國文化與當時清朝的政治制度中所賦予皇帝的至高獨裁權力，才有可能達成。但由於官僚體制與基層旗人的不配合，而使得當時此一運動的成效不彰。在這個歷史事件中，可以看到在少數民族統治多數民族時，如何透過文化與身分的界定來團結本民族，並維護自身的統治與優勢地位。因此，此一事件同時具有身分、文化與統治上的意義。而歷史人類學與族群理論兩者之間，在這個課題上也出現了對話的空間。

老品牌往往能夠創造夢想來滿足消費者的夢想，且能長時間保持一致性，獲得消費者的信賴，如此老品牌方能長青。 品牌經營者不能完全仰仗老品牌的知名度而不做任何革新，否則當銷售量下跌、成長率衰退的時候，老品牌的原有支持者逐漸年老，新的客群又未能接續支持老品牌，此時光環退色，當年風光不再，徒留懷舊與感慨的傷情。 為避免危機臨頭，能長期創造佳績，永保金字招牌閃亮，品牌經營者應不時在目標顧客中注入新生命，創造令人印象深刻的復甦，重新恢復品牌地位。 「國語日報」從1948年創刊，六十年來的執著，推行國語文教育不懈，在語文教育與兒童文學領域，均創建輝煌佳績，六十年來堅持以教育理念辦報及關心社會公益，在讀者心目中建立多面向的良好品牌印象。 本研究從品牌再造觀點出發，供給面透過「國語日報」內部高層深入訪談來研究，需求面透過針對國語日報的讀者──學童、家長及教師，舉辦焦點團體討論，整理出由消費者需求角度切入的觀點，重新定義「國語日報」的品牌定位，加以品牌創新，讓國語日報經由品牌再造在未來可以繼續發光發熱六十年。 / Old brands are often able to create dreams that satisfy what consumers yearn for, and remain consistent over a long period of time, winning consumers’ trust and loyalty. Brand operators should not fully rely on established name recognition without making any change. Otherwise, when sales drop and growth decline, and original supporters of an old brand gradually age and new customers do not fill the gap left behind, the brand would lose its luster, leaving only reminiscence and much regret. To prevent an impending crisis, and deliver brilliant performance in the long term and maintain an unshakable status forever, brand operators should constantly inject new life into target customers, creating a revival that leaves a deep impression and restoring brand status. Since its establishment in 1948, the Mandarin Daily News has for 60 years commit itself to the promotion of Mandarin education, showing splendid performance in language education and children’s literature. For 60 years, the newspaper has built its business on the concept of education and has contributed greatly to social welfare, establishing an excellent, multi-faceted brand image amongst readers. By compiling opinions from the perspective of consumers’ requirements through in-depth interview with the Mandarin Daily News’ top level management and the newspaper’s readers, including students, parents and teachers, the Study, taking the approach of brand reengineering, seeks to redefine the brand positioning of the Mandarin Daily News and achieve brand innovation that would allow the newspaper to continue shining in the next 60 years.

Rural areas, globally, are characterized as poor regions, with two-thirds of the world’s poor people residing in rural areas. In South Africa, 70 percent of the poor population or 3.6 million households, live in rural areas. In the last three State of the Nation Addresses (SONA) in South Africa by President Zuma since 2011, rural development has been placed high on government’s developmental agenda. The formulation of a comprehensive rural development policy, with coordinated implementation by all spheres of government is however still lacking. This research project was undertaken to explore solutions for the revival and development of rural areas in South Africa. The northern Free State region was selected as the geographical focus area and “testing ground” for the research. Rural South Africa has been deteriorating over the last few decades mainly due to globalization and urbanization. Two specific tools to achieve accelerated rural development were identified and analysed namely, local economic development (LED) and spatial planning. The research has shown that rural development is a complicated and difficult process. It is not only about agriculture and economic development, but also about other aspects such as spatial planning, social development, the environment, politics and public management aspects. For the purpose of the research, the theoretical statement was stated as “the chronic state of underdevelopment, poverty and unemployment, especially in rural South Africa, with a specific focus on the northern Free State, can be turned around by means of the implementation of revitalization strategies, which include innovative policies and programmes of LED and spatial planning”. Rural development requires strong committed local leaders and “champions”, skills, patience and funding. The research methodology included a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the concepts relating to rural development, as well as global and local case studies. Local rural development policies were also analysed as currently being implemented by government. Primary research included a community socio-economic survey in the study area to determine levels of rural poverty, unemployment, services delivered by local government and skills. In this survey of poor rural areas and the socio-economic analysis of the northern Free State, it was found that: • close to 50% of all households were living in poverty, • 50.7% of all households lack employment, • 40% of households have an income of less than R 1 500 per month, • The average annual household income in the area relates to just less than R20 000, • The ratio between formal and informal jobs is 1: 0.25, which indicates a low level of informal job opportunities, • Most job opportunities are found in agriculture, manufacturing, community services and households. • The tourism sector only provides in 3.1% of the regional GDP. Local business chambers were also visited in order to determine their perceptions of rural development and local government as well as the level of partnerships with the various local authorities in the area. It was found that partnership formation and cooperation between local business chambers and local authorities in the region were limited, although business chambers are willing to cooperate and assist. Rural development needs a coordinated effort and partnerships between government, business and communities. The focus of the research was on the finding of possible solutions for rural development. Solutions such as a rapid rural assessment (RRA) and a strategy for the study area, which has been provided to the specific local government for implementation, have been formulated. Globally and locally no universally accepted definition of rural concepts such as rural development and rural regions exist. Definitions and classifications of rural areas were formulated for South African conditions. A major component of the research is the proposed rural development model known as the “Feza iSimangaliso” model. Pillars for rural development and best practice aspects for rural development were also formulated. Some of the main findings of the research regarding general rural development aspects are listed below: • Rural regions are slowly but surely becoming in “fashion” as popular regions again due to a number of reasons such as quality environments, the need for a sense of community and belonging and food security. • Well formulated strategic rural development strategies, which are implementable in a coordinated way, can make a positive impact. Rural areas could be seen as a viable alternative, but requires strong governance, especially at the local sphere. • The integration of spatial planning and LED could lead to accelerate rural development, especially when national policy exists and are implemented in a coordinated manner. • The creation of jobs will lead to improved quality of life. Labour intensive sectors of the economy such as tourism, agriculture including agro-processing, manufacturing and retail should be the focus of an economic strategy. • Rural development is dependent on hard and soft infrastructure provision and strong local government. • Rural development must be people centred, with the utilization of local indigenous knowledge. • Rural towns are critical for rural regional development and creation of rural-urban linkages. • The “pull factors” to rural areas include quality of life and environment, sense of belonging, unique culture and history, and a positive economic environment. Future research projects could include more detailed research on the study area and provision of assistance to the relevant local municipalities. A possible rural development matrix will be developed for the evaluation of the level of development and gaps in the development of a rural region. In conclusion, successful rural development planning must be based on strategic planning principles for implementation in order to prevent ad hoc implementation of isolated projects with limited impacts. / PhD (Public Management and Governance), North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2013

This thesis highlights the role of urban planners in the revitalization of historic seafronts as creative and attractive places for people and a key factor in the regeneration of the urban economy in the historic seafront areas. The Saudi Arabia historic seafront areas along the North Red Sea have been neglected and are suffering because of slow development and changes to industrial uses. This thesis will focus on the urban design principles that make historic seafronts more attractive and successful, and will use a case study approach of several American waterfront cities such as Baltimore, Maryland; San Francisco, California; and Charleston, South Carolina. These American cities and the urban design principles applied for their successful revitalization were selected for analysis because of their similarities with the Yanbu Al-Bahr's historic seafront. The results of this analysis will enable planners to apply the best of these urban waterfront design models to assist in the revitalization of historic seafronts along the North Red Sea in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA).

Military Area as a Determinant of Microregion Population Development Marie Kusovská Abstract The study deals with military area as a specific factor of microregion population development. The objective of the study is to describe and demonstrate the different effects of current and former military areas on neighbourhood population's demographic behaviour. The analysis is focused on the period of 1995-2010 and takes place in five current military areas: Boletice, Brdy, Březina, Hradiště and Libavá and three former military areas: Mladá (today's municipality Milovice), Ralsko and Dobrá Voda. The study examines the population development and its structure, natural and mechanical movement, including an analysis of migration directions. There is a finding that the municipality Milovice and Ralsko differs significantly from other areas in young age structure, high levels of total fertility rate and the intensity of immigration. At the level of mortality no significant differences were indicated. Therefore, it appears that a military area can be considered as a determinant of microregion population development, but it depends on the military uses of this area and in case of its cancelation it depends on the future civilian use.

臺灣食品產業市場競爭激烈，許多歷史悠久的老字號品牌為維持自身的競爭優勢，必須不斷地因應外在環境改變與消費者喜好轉變，達成品牌活化之目標。本研究的食品產業指公司將食品產品製造完成並送往各通路販售，為零售業中的食品類別。而本研究以A食品公司為研究主體，A公司原先定位為藥廠，但隨著通路結構的改變促使其推出食品級產品販售於一般零售通路，故此研究主要探討的是A公司推出食品級產品後轉型成為食品公司後的具體作法。 本研究透過深度訪談法了解A食品公司在面對品牌老化的危機之下，落實哪些品牌活化的實際作法，撰寫成個案，並以策略行銷4C架構探討其成效；進一步針對四種成本提出建議，以供A食品公司制訂未來發展策略時參考。 結果發現，A食品公司在四個成本都有多項具體措施，然在專屬陷入成本這一塊目前較沒有強調，又食品產業中若能漸進地提升顧客的專屬陷入成本，有利於品牌商維繫舊顧客關係。因此，本研究在第五章個案研究分析部分針對四種成本各自提供品牌商未來發展建議，包含因應消費者生活型態調整產品與通路策略、聘請專人經營臉書粉專、將可信度納入為代言人選擇標準之一等；其中，本研究提供A食品公司兩個具體解決方案以增加顧客的專屬陷入成本，如屬於促銷相關專屬資產的「建立分級會員制」，以及加強心理層面認同的專屬資產「舉辦主題影片募集活動」，希望提升本學術研究對於實務上之貢獻。 / Lots of new brands provide similar products to the food market, making the Taiwanese food market become more competitive. Some food companies, especially for those historic brands, need to react to those external environment changes and the changes of consumer's taste to achieve the goal of brand revitalization. The food company in this paper refers to companies that produce food products and sell them in general retail stores. Food Company A is the main research target of this paper. Because of the shift in retail channels, Food Company A started to provide food products in new retail channels as opposed to traditional pharmacies. Therefore, this paper analyzed actions after Food Company A started to provide food products in the new channels. This paper conducted in-depth interviews to discuss the practical actions taken by Food Company A and then analyzed them by using the "Strategic Marketing 4C Analysis". After a complete analysis, this paper provided several recommendations to help Food Company A develop a further plan. In chapter five, this paper provided different recommendations to different costs, including constantly changing products and channels strategies bases on changes of consumer’s taste, recruiting an expert operating the Facebook page, and considering the credibility of the brand representatives. Moreover, it found that Food Company A did not put enough emphasis on the cost of addiction; therefore, this paper provided two practical plans to enhance the cost of addiction in chapter five to contribute to Food Company A; for example, the different levels of membership and the competition of theme video.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Jason Brody / Some cities target innovation to bolster their economy, because it drives economic growth. An emerging trend is to use urban regeneration to accomplish this desire. However, lack of understanding about land development effects on innovation is a major concern. Such uncertainty makes it difficult to create visions, plans, and designs for these environments. A major dilemma presents itself. In what way do urban designers develop innovation economies and what confidence can they have in those roles considering the lack of evidence about urban sites within larger innovation systems? In response to the dilemma, this research documents projects facilitating innovation in local economies. A catalog was the tool for exploring characteristics of these places and their connections to economic systems. The catalog acts as a decision framework by displaying these relationships through a goal, objective, and tactic hierarchy. This format illustrates how site-level decisions impact specific parts of the economy. By using the catalog, planners and designers may guide innovation through urban development. To accomplish this, developments must draw talented people with creative ideas and organizations willing to invest in those ideas. When synergies form between these groups, new goods and services become available. To build this innovative milieu, planners and designers EXPLORE regional and site-based opportunities to determine the tactics they utilize. Next, they DEVELOP plans for the places desired by and required for people who INNOVATE. These findings collectively instill confidence in the roles of planners and designers in their quest to cultivate innovative environments.

Master of Landscape Architecture / Department of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning / Blake Belanger / This master’s project and report examines the correlation between social inequity and vacancy to develop a phased revitalization strategy for Raytown, Missouri. The perception of vacant built landscapes cause people to interpret places as having no productive use (Corbin 2003). Vacant spaces appear void of opportunities and are fueled by a capitalist society where markets move toward the urban fringe in order to remain competitive (Fainstein 2010). Vacancy creates a cultural response that “erodes the local social fabric, [signifying] the ills of neglect, [and] communicating to people the futility of inner-city living” (Jakle and Wilson 1992, 175). As a result, people passing through a community dismiss these vacant spaces because what they see is a place of little value. The perception of vacancy can lead to severe social inequity as society’s affluent members move from inner-city cores. Economic viability and the overall quality of life begins to decrease. Building on the Creating Sustainable Places Initiative for the Kansas City region and planning efforts for redeveloping the currently unused Rock Island Rail Corridor, this project explores how vacant built landscapes within Raytown’s Central Business District can be reprogrammed to establish place identity. Through critical mapping, key equity dilemmas at the metropolitan level are brought forth to identify issues that can be addressed through corridor redevelopment in Raytown. Mapping vacancies in the Raytown CBD identifies current vacant parcels. Together, the identification of vacant parcels with parcel size indicates primary redevelopment sites that can readily support higher density development in anticipation of a potential rail transit system. Using a phased approach, temporary design solutions regain public interest in the community, while working to develop mixed-use neighborhoods, pedestrian oriented streetscapes, and improved open space amenities at future build out. Strategies at each phase provide opportunities for community gathering and living choices that accommodate a variety of people. Studying social inequity and vacancy allows landscape architecture professionals the opportunity to better understand this phenomenon and promote community revitalization through the creation of welcoming places for all people.