Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-06-13T19:42:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancianneMedeirosAmorim_TESE.pdf: 4988511 bytes, checksum: 0e073467f779cb0d1dfda10542efe955 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-16T22:18:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancianneMedeirosAmorim_TESE.pdf: 4988511 bytes, checksum: 0e073467f779cb0d1dfda10542efe955 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-16T22:18:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FrancianneMedeirosAmorim_TESE.pdf: 4988511 bytes, checksum: 0e073467f779cb0d1dfda10542efe955 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A hansen?ase ? uma doen?a de evolu??o espectral causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae. Pacientes podem apresentar desde les?es ?nicas, com pequena carga bacilar (paucibacilares - PB) a les?es disseminadas e alta carga bacteriana (multibacilares - MB). Os primeiros apresentam uma forte resposta imune celular e os ?ltimos uma resposta predominantemente humoral. O Brasil ? o segundo pa?s em n?mero de casos, com ?reas hiperend?micas em diversos estados, incluindo o Rio Grande do Norte. A alta morbidade da doen?a est?, em parte, relacionada a ocorr?ncia de rea??es hans?nicas: a rea??o reversa (RR) e o eritema nodoso hans?nico (ENH). Essas ocorrem predominantemente em pacientes MB. Nosso objetivo foi determinar o papel de c?lulas B e de anticorpos na patog?nese da hansen?ase e das rea??es hans?nicas. Para isto, o trabalho foi subdividido em dois estudos: 1. Determina??o do perfil de anticorpos espec?ficos utilizando os ant?genos recombinantes LID-1 e LIDNDO ao longo do espectro cl?nico da hansen?ase e em comunicantes; 2. An?lise de altera??es envolvidas na regula??o da produ??o de anticorpos em c?lulas B de pessoas com diferentes formas cl?nicas. Neste ?ltimo foram avaliadas: a frequ?ncia de diferentes subpopula??es de c?lulas B, a express?o de CD32 e CD21 nestas c?lulas, subclasses de imunoglobulinas presentes no sangue, complexos imunes (IC) e prote?nas envolvidas na via cl?ssica de ativa??o do sistema complemento. No estudo 1, observou-se um aumento na quantidade de anticorpos espec?ficos ao longo do espectro cl?nico da doen?a e este foi correlacionado com o ?ndice bacilosc?pico. Al?m disso, foi verificado que mais de 82% dos comunicantes haviam sido expostos ? infec??o pelo M. leprae. Esse achado mostra que a quantifica??o de anticorpos espec?ficos pode ser utilizada para estimar o risco para o desenvolvimento de hansen?ase. No estudo 2, observou-se que a exacerbada resposta imune humoral de e pessoas com MB est? associada a altera??es num?ricas e funcionais em c?lulas B, com aumento na frequ?ncia de plasmoblastos e reduzida express?o de CD32 nestes. Pessoas com hansen?ase MB apresentaram maior concentra??o de IgG1 e imunocomplexos (IC) no sangue perif?rico quando comparados a PB. Pessoas com hansen?ase MB que desenvolveram ENH (durante ou ap?s a poliquimioterapia) j? apresentavam, ao diagn?stico n?veis mais elevados de IgM, IgG1, anticorpos espec?ficos e IC quando comparados ?queles que n?o desenvolveram rea??o. Durante o ENH h? uma expans?o na popula??o de plasmoblastos, contudo h? diminui??o na concentra??o destas imunoglobulinas no sangue. Indiv?duos com n?veis elevados de anticorpo anti-LID-NDO, ao diagn?stico, apresentaram um risco at? 20 vezes maior de desenvolverem rea??o. Nossos resultados mostram que o uso de ant?genos recombinantes em testes sorol?gicos pode contribuir para um diagn?stico mais r?pido da doen?a, levando a diminui??o da transmiss?o de M. leprae. Al?m disso, verificamos que a exacerbada resposta imune humoral de pacientes MB pode ser, em parte, explicada por altera??es em c?lulas B. A quantifica??o de anticorpos anti-M. leprae e das subclasses IgM e IgG1 ao diagn?stico da hansen?ase pode contribuir para identifcar indiv?duos em risco de desenvolverem rea??o. Do ponto de vista cl?nico, esse ? um dado importante pois pode direcionar interven??es terap?uticas futuras. / Leprosy is a spectral disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae infection. Subjects can present single lesions with a reduced number of bacilli (paucibacillary - PB), but also disseminated lesions and a high bacterial load (multibacillary - MB). The former present a strong cellular immune response and the latter have a predominantly humoral response. Brazil is the second country in number of cases, with hyperendemic areas in several states, including Rio Grande do Norte. Disease?s high morbidity is directly associated with the occurrence of leprosy reactions: reversal reaction (RR) and erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL). These reactions occur predominantly in MB patients. Our aim was to determine the role of B cells and antibodies in the pathogenesis of leprosy and its immune reactions. For this, the work was subdivided in two studies: 1. Determination of the profile of specific antibodies to the recombinant antigens LID-1 and LID-NDO according to the clinical spectrum of the disease and in household contacts. 2. Analysis of changes involved in the regulation of antibody production in B cells of patients with different clinical forms of leprosy. For this latter, the frequency of different B cell subpopulations, the expression of CD32 and CD21 in these cells, subclasses of immunoglobulins present in the blood, immune complexes (IC) and proteins involved in the classical pathway of complement activation were evaluated. In the study 1, it was observed a gradual increase in the level of specific antibodies along with the clinical spectrum of the disease, and this increase was correlated with the bacterial index. More than 82% of the household contacts recruited in the study had been previously exposed to M. leprae infection, with a potential risk of developing leprosy. This finding shows that the quantification of specific antibodies in the blood can be used to define groups at risk for leprosy development. MB subjects presented an exacerbated humoral immune response that was associated with numerical and functional alterations in B cells, with increased frequency of plasmoblast and reduced expression of CD32 in these cells. MB patients presented higher concentrations of IgG1 and IC in the blood when compared to PB. MB patients that developed ENL (during or after multidrug therapy) presented increased levels of IgM, IgG1, specific antibodies, and IC in the blood, when compared to those that did not develop reactions. During ENL, there is an expansion in the plasmoblast population, however a decrease in the concentration of these immunoglobulins in the blood. Patients with elevated levels of anti-LID-NDO antibody at diagnosis presented a 20- fold increased risk of developing reactions. Our results show that the use of recombinant antigens in serological tests can contribute to an early diagnosis, decreasing the risk of M. leprae transmission. The exacerbated humoral immune response of MB patients may be explained, at least in part, by changes in B cells. The quantification of anti-M. leprae antibodies and IgM and IgG1 subclasses at leprosy diagnosis may contribute to identify individuals at risk of developing reaction. Clinically, this is an important data since it can direct future therapeutic interventions.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-17T13:17:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LaianeSantosEufrasio_TESE.pdf: 1037104 bytes, checksum: 6a15c628dc12800b70fe12fc8360ec9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-19T12:50:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LaianeSantosEufrasio_TESE.pdf: 1037104 bytes, checksum: 6a15c628dc12800b70fe12fc8360ec9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-19T12:50:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LaianeSantosEufrasio_TESE.pdf: 1037104 bytes, checksum: 6a15c628dc12800b70fe12fc8360ec9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-26 / Introdu??o: A opera??o cesariana atualmente vem se tornando cada dia mais frequente em todo o mundo. Vem sendo realizada sem reais indica??es, aumentando a sua preval?ncia e podendo levar a riscos desnecess?rios, tanto para a m?e quanto para o beb?. V?rios s?o os fatores que podem estar associados a essa crescente taxa, mas estes s?o pouco explorados sobre a ?tica das regi?es brasileiras. Objetivo: Estimar a preval?ncia e fatores associados ?s ces?reas no contexto das regi?es brasileiras. Metodologia: Foi realizado um recorte do banco de dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Sa?de ? PNS, um estudo de base domiciliar, de ?mbito nacional, realizada pelo IBGE em parceria com o Minist?rio da Sa?de em 2013. Foram inclu?dos dados de mulheres com idade entre 18 a 49 anos, totalizando 16.175 registros de mulheres que estiveram gr?vidas e pariram em alguma vez na vida. Foi realizada a an?lise descritiva das vari?veis de interesse, an?lise por meio do teste de Qui-Quadrado e a regress?o log?stica para estimar a magnitude da associa??o entre as vari?veis e o parto ces?rea. Foi adotado um n?vel de signific?ncia ou p valor < 0,05. Resultados: A preval?ncia no Brasil de parto ces?rea foi de 53,03%. Com o passar dos anos (1974- 2013), houve aumento de chances de ter esse tipo de parto principalmente no Nordeste (2,21, IC95: 1,4 ? 3,4) e Sul (2,75, IC95: 1,4 ? 5,2). Referente ? assist?ncia privada em sa?de, as mulheres que possu?am plano de sa?de tiveram 3 vezes mais chances de realizar ces?rea (IC95: 1,6 ? 5,3) que ?s que n?o tem plano de sa?de (1,4, IC95: 1,0 ? 2,0), assim como as que apresentaram hipertens?o arterial (2,77, IC95: 1,5 ? 4,8), problema cr?nico de coluna (2,0, IC95:1,01 ? 4,05). Relativo ? idade da primeira gesta??o e da menarca, foi observado que mulheres que apresentavam idade maior que 20 anos na primeira gravidez apresentaram 2 vezes mais chances (IC95: 1,2 ? 3,3) e as que a idade da menarca foi maior ou igual a 12 anos 1,7 vezes mais chances (IC95: 1,2 ? 2,3). Al?m disso, mulheres que autorreferiam sua sa?de como boa tiveram 1,8 vezes (IC95: 1,2 ? 2,6) e as com maiores n?veis de escolaridade tiveram 2,05 vezes (IC95: 1,2 ? 3,3) mais chances de ter ces?rea, destacando as das regi?es Norte e Sul, enquanto que no Nordeste, esta probabilidade aumentou independentemente do n?vel de escolaridade. Conclus?o: A taxa de ces?reas no Brasil permanece alta e os fatores associados como o ano do ?ltimo parto, grau de escolaridade, a idade materna na primeira gravidez, da menarca, sa?de autorreferida, parecem contribuir para o aumento dessa preval?ncia, tendendo a se comportarem distintamente entre as regi?es do pa?s. / Introduction: Caesarean section is becoming more and more frequent all over the world. If indicated correctly, it is effective in reducing maternal and perinatal mortality. However, it has been performed without real indications, increasing its prevalence and may lead to unnecessary risks, both for the mother and the baby. There are several factors that may be associated with this increasing rate, but these are little explored on the optics of the Brazilian regions. Objective: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with cesarean sections in the Brazilian regions context. Methodology: A recort of national database of the National Health Survey (PNS), a national domiciliary study conducted by the IBGE in partnership with the Ministry of Health in 2013, was included. data from women aged 18 To 49 years, totaling 16,175 records of women who were pregnant and gave birth at some time in life. Descriptive analysis of the variables of interest, bivariate analysis using the chi-square test, and logistic regression were performed to estimate the magnitude of the association between the variables and cesarean delivery. A level of significance was adopted or p value <0.05. Results: The prevalence in Brazil of women who had cesarean delivery was 53.03%. Over the years (from 1974 to 2013), there was an increase in the chances of having this type of delivery, mainly in the Northeast (2,21, IC95:1,42-3,46) and South (2,75, IC95:1,44-5,23). Regarding private health care, women who had health insurance were 3 times more likely to undergo cesarean section (IC95:1,6?5,3) than those without health insurance (1,4, IC95: 1,0 ? 2,0), as well as those with arterial hypertension (2,77, IC95: 1,5-4,8), chronic column problem (2,0;IC95 1,01?4,05). Regarding the age of first gestation and menarche, it was observed that women who were older than 20 years in the first pregnancy were twice as likely (IC95: 1,2-3,3) and those whose age at menarche was higher or Equal to 12 years 1,7 times more chances (IC95: 1,2-2,3). In addition, women who self-reported their health as good had 1,8 times (IC95: 1,2-2,6) and those with higher levels of education had 2,05 times (IC95: 1,2-3,3) more Cesarean, highlighting those of the North and South regions, while in the Northeast this probability increased independently of the level of schooling. Conclusion: The rate of cesarean delivery in Brazil remains high, associated factors such as time, educational level, maternal age at first pregnancy, menarche, self-reported health, appear to contribute to the increase of this prevalence, behaving distinctly among the regions of the country.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:39:00Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ItamaraLuciaDaFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 3319289 bytes, checksum: afe811fec26cd4b84364a72cfc7e78fd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-15T19:44:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ItamaraLuciaDaFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 3319289 bytes, checksum: afe811fec26cd4b84364a72cfc7e78fd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-15T19:44:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ItamaraLuciaDaFonseca_DISSERT.pdf: 3319289 bytes, checksum: afe811fec26cd4b84364a72cfc7e78fd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo geral deste trabalho ? analisar os desafios socioambientais, econ?micos, culturais e tur?sticos presentes no contexto da ?rea de Prote??o Ambiental Bonfim-Guara?ra, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, e suas implica??es no processo de planejamento e gest?o do turismo, a partir dos munic?pios de N?sia Floresta e Tibau do Sul, que concentram maior representatividade dentro do cen?rio de realiza??o deste fen?meno na referida unidade de conserva??o. Para isso, foi necess?rio estabelecer quatro objetivos espec?ficos: 1) Investigar a atua??o e envolvimento dos membros do conselho gestor da APABG quanto ao processo de planejamento e gest?o do turismo; 2) Analisar as principais a??es, dificuldades e oportunidades de planejamento e gest?o com vistas a realiza??o e desenvolvimento do turismo; 3) Identificar a percep??o dos visitantes frente a experi?ncia tur?stica vivenciada nos munic?pios de N?sia Floresta e Tibau do Sul; e 4) Tra?ar um panorama situacional da atividade tur?stica na APABG a partir dos munic?pios foco da pesquisa. A metodologia do estudo, consistiu numa abordagem de natureza qualitativa do tipo descritiva-explorat?ria, em que al?m do material bibliogr?fico e das pesquisas documentais, foi realizado uma coleta de dados in loco por meio de roteiros semiestruturados conforme a ess?ncia representativa dos grupos participantes da pesquisa, isto ?, Conselho Gestor da APABG e l?deres comunit?rios formais e informais de ambos os munic?pios, bem como a abordagem voltada aos turistas a partir de question?rios aplicados nos seguintes locais: Praia de Pipa, Praia do Madeiro e Praia do Amor (Tibau do Sul), Praia de Tabatinga e Mirante dos Golfinhos (N?sia Floresta). Al?m disso, participou-se de algumas reuni?es do CG extraindo-se informa??es a partir da t?cnica de observa??o direta, bem como foi incorporado o instrumento da ?Matriz Anal?tica de Governan?a das Inst?ncias Tur?sticas? para analisar os seguintes elementos junto ao conselho gestor: a) Processo eletivo dos integrantes da Inst?ncia; b) Equil?brio da representatividade; c) Participa??o qualitativa entre os membros; d) Quantidade e qualidade das parcerias firmadas; e) Dissemina??o e acesso das informa??es entre os integrantes. Desse modo, com a an?lise dos resultados foi poss?vel constatar que os desafios nas diferentes escalas definidas, se apresentam sob a insufici?ncia estrutural, falta de atua??o p?blica e de intera??o entre atores, gerando dificuldades e conflitos afins, que concentram sua complexidade calcada na pluralidade de interesses de grupos sociais tanto internos quanto externos, que interferem no processo de planejamento e gest?o do turismo, na medida em que s?o inobservados pela esfera pol?tica sem as devidas articula??es de resolu??o. / The general objective of this work is to analyze the socio-environmental, economic, cultural and tourist challenges present in the context of the Bonfim-Guara?ra Environmental Protection Area, State of Rio Grande do Norte, and its implications in the planning and management of tourism, from of the municipalities of N?sia Floresta and Tibau do Sul, which are more representative within the scenario of this phenomenon in the said conservation unit. For this, it was necessary to establish four specific objectives: 1) To investigate the performance and involvement of the members of the managing board of the APABG regarding the process of tourism planning and management; 2) To raise and analyze the main actions, difficulties and opportunities of planning and management with a view to the development and development of tourism; 3) To raise the perception of the visitors in front of the tourist experience lived in the municipalities of N?sia Floresta and Tibau do Sul; And 4) Draw a situational panorama of the tourist activity in the APABG from the municipalities that are the focus of the research. The methodology of the study consisted of a descriptive-exploratory qualitative approach, in which, in addition to bibliographical material and documentary research, a data collection was carried out in loco through semi-structured scripts according to the representative essence of the groups participating in the research , Ie the APABG Management Council and formal and informal community leaders from both municipalities, as well as the approach to tourists based on questionnaires applied in the following locations: Pipa Beach, Madeiro Beach and Amor beach (Tibau do Sul) ), Tabatinga Beach and Mirante dos Golfinhos (N?sia Floresta). In addition, a number of meetings of the CG were held by extracting information from the direct observation technique, as well as incorporating the instrument of the "Analytical Matrix of Governance of Tourism Instances" to analyze the following elements with the managing board: ) Elective process of the members of the Instance; B) Balance of representativeness; C) Qualitative participation among members; D) Quantity and quality of signed partnerships; E) Dissemination and access of the information among the members. Thus, with the analysis of the results, it was possible to verify that the challenges in the different defined scales are presented under structural insufficiency, lack of public performance and interaction between actors, generating difficulties and related conflicts, which concentrate their complexity based on the plurality of interests of both internal and external social groups, which interfere in the process of planning and managing tourism, insofar as they are not observed by the political sphere without the proper articulations of resolution.

Submitted by Jaqueline Duarte (1157279@mackenzie.br) on 2018-09-21T17:51:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Priscila Lenci Boccia.pdf: 3237612 bytes, checksum: d035476a266c2ad827ea93008e479f8f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-09-27T18:46:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Priscila Lenci Boccia.pdf: 3237612 bytes, checksum: d035476a266c2ad827ea93008e479f8f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T18:46:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Priscila Lenci Boccia.pdf: 3237612 bytes, checksum: d035476a266c2ad827ea93008e479f8f (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-06 / En este trabajo hemos discutido un posible camino entre educación, tecnologías digitales y sustentabilidad con el desafío de preparar a los jóvenes para que se conviertan en ciudadanos conscientes y activos en la compleja sociedad en que vivimos. Entendemos que una educación de calidad necesita traer el mundo para dentro del aula, para que su complejidad sea discutida a la luz de las experiencias de los estudiantes. En ese sentido, la cibercultura es un aspecto contemporáneo que debe ser considerado en el plan de enseñanza. Esta pesquisa se nutre de la contribución de los recursos educacionales abiertos - conocidos por la sigla REA - en um proceso de educación ambiental de los jóvenes brasileños con una perspectiva formadora de ciudadanía. Utilizamos, como referencial teórico, autores que discuten el papel de la educación, Demo (2009), Moran (2015) y Nóvoa (2017), como también el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, Ausubel (2000), Moreira (2011) y Vigotski (1997). Para que reflexionemos sobre la cultura y también la cibercultura, nos apoyamos en Lemos (2015) e Levy (2003) y, para profundizarnos en las cuestiones de sustentabilidad, buceamos en Leff (2015) y Sachs (2009). Para dar respuesta a nuestra cuestión, hemos utilizado como metodología escuchar los relatos de seis profesoras con éxito al conducir proyectos de sustentabilidad que mezclaron actividades presenciales y el uso de la plataforma digital Edukatu, un REA desarrollado en Brasil. Con la finalidad de discutir el uso de las tecnologias digitales en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje, también hemos evaluado los informes pedagógicos a través de los cuáles las profesoras detallaron el trabajo que condujeron com grupos de alumnos de la Enseñanza Básica en escuelas públicas São Paulo Capital y alrededores, con ello se constató la intencionalidad pedagógica expresa en el plan de enseñanza y en las declaraciones de las docentes. Los resultados indican una tendencia del uso de la tecnología dentro de un plan de enseñanza dedicado a la formación de una consciência crítica, lo que renueva las esperanzas de que existan buenas prácticas por diseminar para que más profesores puedan llevar a sus alumnos a una educación de calidad. / Neste trabalho discutimos um caminho possível entre educação, tecnologias digitais e sustentabilidade no desafio de preparar os jovens para serem cidadãos conscientes e ativos na sociedade complexa em que vivemos. Entendemos que uma educação de qualidade precisa trazer o mundo para a sala de aula, para que a sua complexidade seja discutida à luz das experiências dos estudantes. Nesse sentido, a cibercultura é um aspecto contemporâneo que precisa ser considerado no planejamento do ensino. Esta pesquisa se debruça sobre a contribuição dos recursos educacionais abertos - conhecidos pela sigla REA - no processo de educação ambiental de jovens brasileiros numa perspectiva formadora de cidadania. Utilizamos, como referencial teórico, autores que discutem o papel da educação, Demo (2009), Moran (2015) e Nóvoa (2017), e também o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, Ausubel (2000), Moreira (2011) e Vigotski (1997). Para refletirmos sobre a cultura, bem como a cibercultura, nos apoiamos em Lemos (2015) e Levy (2003) e, para nos aprofundarmos nas questões da sustentabilidade, mergulhamos em Leff (2015) e Sachs (2009). Para responder nossa questão, a metodologia que utilizamos envolveu ouvirmos os relatos de seis professoras bem-sucedidas na condução de projetos de sustentabilidade que mesclaram atividades presenciais e o uso da plataforma digital Edukatu, um REA desenvolvido no Brasil. Com a finalidade de discutir o uso das tecnologias digitais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, também analisamos os relatórios pedagógicos nos quais as professoras detalharam o trabalho conduzido com turmas do Ensino Fundamental 1 em escolas públicas da Grande São Paulo e verificamos a intencionalidade pedagógica expressa no planejamento e nos depoimentos das docentes. Os resultados apontam para uma tendência de uso da tecnologia dentro de um plano de ensino voltado para a formação de uma consciência crítica, o que renova as esperanças de que há boas práticas a serem disseminadas para que mais professores possam levar a seus alunos uma educação de qualidade.

Anteriormente, foi identificada a atividade esquistossomicida da piplartina, um alcalóide-amida isolado em nossos estudos de bioprospecção em plantas da família Piperaceae. Neste trabalho, foi analisada a estrutura e as propriedades de uma série de análogos da piplartina para avaliar a relação estrutura-atividade. A atividade de análogos sintéticos da piplartina foi avaliada in vitro em vermes adultos de S. mansoni. Primeiro, os análogos foram testados a 50 e 100 &mu;g/mL. Os compostos ativos foram selecionados para a determinação dos valores de IC50. Ao todo, 36 análogos com modificações em três regiões da piplartina foram avaliados. Todas as modificações tiveram uma influência negativa na atividade biológica; no entanto, uma seletividade específica entre os gêneros foi observada. Seis análogos tiveram os valores de IC50 determinados, variando entre 72,33 a 216,86 &mu;M. As diferenças na atividade esquistossomicida entre a piplartina e seus análogos podem ser atribuídas a alterações na forma, equilíbrio hidrofílico-lipofílico e distribuição de carga eletrostática. / Previously, the schistosomicidal activity of piplartine, an alkaloid-amide isolated in our bioprospection studies with plants from Piperaceae species, was identified. In this work, we analyzed the structure and properties of a series of piplartine derivatives to propose a structure-activity relationship model. In vitro activity was evaluated in S. mansoni adult worms exposed in vitro to piplartine synthetic analogs. First, analogs were screened at 50 and 100 &mu;g/mL. Active compounds were selected to the determination of IC50 values. A total of 36 synthetic piplartine analogs with modifications in three regions of the piplartine molecule were evaluated. All the modifications had a negative influence in the biological activity; nevertheless, a gender specific selectivity was observed. Of all the analogs, 6 had the IC50 values determined, ranging from 72.33 a 216.86 &mu;M. Differences in the schistosomicidal activity between piplartine and its analogs could be attributed to changes in shape, hydrophilic-lipophilic equilibrium and electrostatic charge distribution.

Submitted by Ricardo Cedraz Duque Moliterno (ricardo.moliterno@uefs.br) on 2016-04-01T22:28:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Vanicl?zia de Andrade Melo.pdf: 1015149 bytes, checksum: f174db068eeaabe1f7c9615543e4f0a6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T22:28:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o Vanicl?zia de Andrade Melo.pdf: 1015149 bytes, checksum: f174db068eeaabe1f7c9615543e4f0a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-01-31 / Birds are considered sensitive to human disturbance because they have a close relationship with the environmental conditions. In the caatinga, modification of habitat ocurred by a historical process of environmental deterioration as a result of unsustainable use of natural resources. Due to the extreme climatic conditions of the caatinga, it is expected that a more resilient biota survives in this vegetation under to human interventions than those in more stable environments, such as tropical rainforests. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of habitat loss on a bird community of caatinga area type seasonal dry forest in the municipality of Candiba, Bahia, Brazil, comparing avifaunas occurring in an area of remnant forest (Area I) with adjacent matrix cleared of area (Area II). Six expeditions were conducted, three in the dry season and three in the rainy season, between November 2011 and July 2012. The method of Mackinnon lists was used for recording auditory and visual species. It was recorded 138 species, 92 in the Area I and 94 in the Area II. Both areas showed a low similarity (38%) between their specific compositions, demonstrating that only a small portion of the bird community in the region occurs in both habitat types, tolerating the different states of preservation. Regarding the trophic structure, insectivorous species predominated in both areas, with emphasis on the occurrence species of more specialized habits in only Area I, indicating that they are intolerant to habitat loss. In Area II, were representative species of bird generalist habits, such as granivorous and omnivorous, they seem to benefit from the replacement of native forests by agricultural lands. Although bird species of high sensitivity and forest dependents represented the minority, such species were directly affected by habitat change, since many of them were not recorded in the cleared matrix. Thus, habitat loss is a process that leads to negative effects on the bird community of seasonal dry forest, especially in species composition, which changes as the forest vegetation is removed. / As aves s?o consideradas sens?veis a perturba??es por apresentarem uma estreita rela??o com as condi??es em que o ambiente se encontra. Na catinga, a modifica??o do habitat tem se dado por um hist?rico processo de deteriora??o ambiental, em decorr?ncia do uso insustent?vel dos seus recursos naturais. Em fun??o das condi??es clim?ticas extremas da caatinga, espera-se que nesta vegeta??o sobrevivam biotas mais resilientes a interven??es humanas do que aquelas de ambientes mais est?veis, como as florestas tropicais ?midas. Deste modo, o presente estudo objetivou investigar os efeitos da perda de h?bitat sobre uma comunidade de aves de ?rea de caatinga do tipo floresta estacional seca, no munic?pio de Candiba, Bahia, Brasil, comparando as avifaunas ocorrentes em uma ?rea de remanescente florestal (?rea I) com a da matriz desmatada adjacente (?rea II). Foram realizadas seis expedi??es, tr?s na esta??o seca e tr?s na chuvosa, entre novembro de 2011 e julho de 2012. O m?todo de listas de Mackinnon foi utilizado para o registro auditivo e visual das esp?cies. Foram listadas 138 esp?cies, sendo 92 na ?rea I e 94 na ?rea II. As duas ?reas apresentaram uma baixa similaridade (38%) entre suas composi??es espec?ficas, demonstrando que apenas uma pequena por??o da comunidade de aves da regi?o em ambos os tipos de habitat, tolerando os distintos estados de conserva??o dos mesmos. Quanto ? estrutura tr?fica, as aves inset?voras predominaram tanto na ?rea I como na ?rea II, com destaque para ocorr?ncia de esp?cies de h?bitos mais especializados somente na ?rea I, indicando que s?o intolerantes ? modifica??o de seu habitat. Na ?rea II, foram representativas as esp?cies de aves h?bitos mais generalistas, como as gran?voras e on?voras, que parecem se beneficiar da substitui??o de florestas nativas por ?reas de cultivo agr?cola. Ainda que as esp?cies de aves de alta sensibilidade e dependentes florestais representaram a minoria, tais esp?cies foram diretamente afetadas pela altera??o do habitat, uma vez que muitas delas n?o foram registradas na matriz desmatada. Deste modo, a modifica??o do habitat se mostra como um processo que acarreta em efeitos negativos sobre a comunidade de aves de caatinga arb?rea, sobretudo na composi??o das esp?cies, que ? alterada ? medida que a vegeta??o florestal ? substitu?da por ?reas agr?colas.

South African cities are still largely unequal where the urban poor’s right to the city is not adequately addressed. As a result of the legacy of apartheid and the various housing policies that have been adopted to address housing segregation, Johannesburg remains spatially fragmented with the urban poor remaining isolated in the periphery of the city far from places of employment and opportunity. With the decentralization and deindustrialization of employment, commuting for the urban poor has become more time consuming and costly with an average monthly commute costing R1 500.00. The City of Johannesburg has committed to tackling these structural and spatial inequalities that exist in Johannesburg through its flagship programme called Corridors of Freedom. Corridors of Freedom aims to transform the spatial inequalities in Johannesburg through the creation of geographies of inclusion using transit oriented development (TOD). This is through investing in public transport with the development of the Rea Vaya Bus Rapid Transit System (BRT) and inclusionary housing as the backbone to eradicate spatial. Corridors of Freedom aims to address housing segregation through the extension of the Rea Vaya BRT system in peripheral townships and through inclusionary housing provision to promote inclusive development in Johannesburg. This study will evaluate whether Corridors of Freedom and its associated developments have the potential to improve the lives of potential beneficiaries of two townships, Kagiso in the West Rand and Soweto. The study seeks to understand how the presence of the Rea Vaya BRT system can assist the urban poor’s access to the city and places of employment and opportunity. A comparison is made between Soweto residents who directly benefit from using the Rea Vaya buses and the Kagiso residents who do not have access to the Rea Vaya buses. Several stakeholders were interviewed including both the residents of Kagiso and Soweto. It was concluded that the Rea Vaya BRT system is a poverty-reduction strategy for the urban poor and an attempt from the City of Johannesburg to correct the existing spatial inequalities.The Rea Vaya Bus Rapid Transit system along with well-located social housing is an important step towards addressing inclusivity and bringing people close to places of employment and opportunity.

The evolution of America's religious liberty was birthed by a separate church and state. As America strides into the twenty first century the origin of separation of church and state continues to be a heated topic of debate. Conservatives argue that America's version of separation of church and state was birthed by principles of Christian liberty. Liberals reject this idea maintaining that the evolution of a separate church and state in America was based on enlightened thinking that demanded rational men should have religious liberty. The best way to achieve this was by erecting a wall of separation between church and state. Sources used in this study include The Letters of Roger Williams, The Papers of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, and the Diary of Isaac Backus, along with many other primary and secondary sources. This study concludes that America’s religious freedom, conceptualized in its separate church and state is a creation of both reason and religion.

Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The United States has a drug issue that is perpetually problematic. Efforts are being made on every level of government to reduce drug use and deter current and potential future users. Some of these efforts however are putting citizen's rights at risk in a manner that threatens the United States Constitution that hails over both the state and federal governments. My thesis will examine Florida's avant-garde approach to simplifying drug convictions through unprecedented legislation that has already been ruled unconstitutional on its face by the United States District Court for the Middle District of Florida. The decade long struggle will soon culminate in the Florida Supreme Court, and if found unconstitutional, could potentially impact thousands of inmates among other legal consequences. Through literature review and case study I will discuss the history of this issue and conclude by discussing possible rulings of the Florida Supreme Court in State v. Adkins, SC11-1878 (2D11-4559, 2nd DCA). In addition, I will analyze the case timeline that led to the legislative action which is being called into question in Adkins. I hypothesize that the ruling in Adkins will declare Florida's drug statute unconstitutional; however, I further presume that the currently incarcerated defendants will continue to serve their sentences virtually unaffected by the ruling, with some extraordinary exceptions. First, I will discuss the underlying legal premises, succeeded by an analysis of all pertinent case law and literature to assess the constitutionality of Florida's drug statute to further support my hypothesis. My goal for this thesis is to give perspective to the layperson as well as contribute to the statewide legal community through my organization of the subject, and analysis of case law.