Zahlungen für Ökosystemdienstleistungen (Payments for Ecosystem Services – PES) und auktionsbasierte Vergabeverfahren sind ein wichtiges und innovatives Instrument im Kampf gegen den fortwährenden Verlust von biologischer Vielfalt. Basierend auf einem Vertrag zwischen einem Leistungserbringer und einem öffentlichen oder privaten Leistungsempfänger, der die Naturschutzleistung entlohnt, können bestimmte Vorgaben der Landschaftspflege oder der agrarwirtschaftlichen Bearbeitung verbindlich festgelegt werden. Die Vorteile von PES liegen in dem direkten monetären Anreiz zur Bereitstellung von Naturschutzleistungen und zudem in der Möglichkeit, ein Niveau an Umweltschutz und –qualität jenseits des von der Umweltgesetzgebung sichergestellten Mindestniveaus zu implementieren. Der Nachteil liegt in der hohen Informationsasymmetrie in der Vertragsbeziehung, welche einerseits dem Umweltgut als Vertragsgegenstand und andererseits der Natur ökonomischen Handelns geschuldet ist. Thema dieser Dissertation ist die Analyse der interdependenten Beziehung von Kompetitivität und Vertragserfüllung und das Aufzeigen der Relevanz von Vertrauen und Reziprozität in Verträgen über Umweltgüter. Auf diese Weise leistet sie einen Beitrag zu der umfangreichen und multidisziplinären Literatur über Zahlungen für Ökosystemdienstleistungen und Naturschutzauktionen. Während der vergangenen 25 Jahre habe Praktiker und Wissenschaftler unser Verständnis der Funktionsweise von Ausschreibungen zur Allokation von Zahlungen für Ökosystemdienstleistungen konstant verbessert und erweitert. Ein Großteil der Forschungsaktivität war jedoch auf die Auktionsmetrik und das Bieterverhalten gerichtet, wohingegen die resultierende Vertragsbeziehung zwischen Programmverwaltern (den Käufern) und Landbesitzern (den Ausführenden) weitgehend unbeachtet blieb. Wie in dieser Dissertation bewiesen wird, ist jedoch genau diese Beziehung der Schlüssel für ein erfolgreiches marktbasiertes Naturschutzprogramm. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in drei Artikeln argumentiert, dass Vertrauen und Reziprozität für die Überwindung von asymmetrischer Information in kompetitiv alloziierten PES-Verträgen von herausragender Bedeutung sind. Anhand eines für diese Arbeit entwickelten, zweistufigen experimentellen Testszenarios wird der Entscheidungsprozess in der inversen Auktion und in der anschließenden Vertragserfüllung in der kontrollierten Laborumgebung simuliert. In einem ersten Experiment kann auf Basis dieses Untersuchungsdesigns gezeigt werden, dass die Informations- und Anreizkonstellation in Naturschutzauktionen ein erhöhtes Risiko für vorvertragliche adverse Selektion, opportunistisches Verhalten bei Vertragserfüllung und somit suboptimale Ergebnisse birgt. Das Marktversagen kann jedoch durch eine vertrauensstiftende Institution, wie zum Beispiel Kommunikation zwischen Käufern und Verkäufern, verhindert werden. Persönliche Interaktion veranlasst Marktteilnehmer ihr individuell-rationales Verhalten zugunsten einer sozial-verträglicheren Verhaltensweise zu ändern. Dabei entsteht ein erhebliches Potential für die Bilateralisierung der Vertragsbeziehungen. Ein zweites Experiment verdeutlicht jedoch, wie wichtig vertrauensbasierte Vertragsbeziehungen insbesondere in Bereitstellungsumgebungen sind, die stark von externen, stochastischen Einflüssen verzerrt werden können. Ohne das nötige Vertrauen bricht die Kooperation in einem derartigen Szenario fast vollständig zusammen. Schließlich lässt der systematische Vergleich der Ergebnisse aus beiden Experimenten in einem dritten Aufsatz keinen Zweifel daran, dass stabile Langzeitvertragsbeziehungen in auktionsbasierten Vertragsnaturschutzprogrammen gefördert und nicht verhindert werden sollten. Langzeitverträge sind randomisierten Kurzzeitverträgen aus der Perspektive des Naturschutzes aber auch hinsichtlich der Kosteneffektivität überlegen. Daher liegt eine wesentliche Herausforderung für Programmentwickler darin, einerseits die Bildung von ausreichend Sozialkapital zu ermöglichen und andererseits faire Markt- und Vergabestrukturen zu erhalten.

En se penchant sur L’homme révolté d’Albert Camus, ce mémoire entend évaluer la pertinence de la révolte camusienne à l’aube du troisième millénaire. Du constat de l’absurde quant à la condition existentielle de l’homme, Camus a esquissé une révolte affranchie de toute idéologie en démontant, entre autres, les mécanismes propres à la philosophie de l’histoire et au nihilisme. À partir de la critique des pensées hégélienne, nietzschéenne et marxienne, il a tenté de définir les caractéristiques inhérentes à la révolte. Rédigé au milieu du XXe siècle, L’homme révolté est marqué par les séquelles d’une histoire chaotique déjà plus que cinquantenaire. Pour autant, son propos semble être encore d’actualité. Avec la complicité de philosophes contemporains tels que Cornélius Castoriadis, Pierre Rosanvallon et Bernard Stiegler, c’est autant la pertinence de la révolte camusienne qui est ici considérée qu’une corrélation entre cette révolte et la dignité humaine. L’homme révolté a-t-il encore sa place en ce début du troisième millénaire et dans l’affirmative : quelle est cette place? / By examining Albert Camus’ L’homme révolté (The Rebel), this dissertation intends to assess the relevance of Camusian revolt at the dawn of the third millennium. From an acknowledgement of the absurd as regards the existential condition of man, Camus outlined a revolt free of any ideology by demonstrating, for example, the mechanisms innate to the philosophy of history and nihilism. Starting with a critique of Hegelian, Nietzschean and Marxist thought, he attempted to define the characteristics inherent to rebellion. Written in the mid-20th century, L’homme révolté is marked by the aftermath of chaos and destruction of that era, yet now more than five decades on, his words appear to remain relevant today. With the complicity of contemporary philosophers such as Cornélius Castoriadis, Pierre Rosanvallon and Bernard Stiegler, this paper will focus not only on the pertinence of Camusian rebellion, but also on a correlation between revolt and human dignity. Does L’homme révolté still have his place as the third millennium begins and, if so, what is that place?

This qualitative exploratory research study examined the experiences of older women (over age 55) whose husbands had been admitted to a personal care home (PCH) in Winnipeg, Manitoba within the previous twelve (12) months. In-depth, semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted with six (6) women. Socialist feminist and feminist caregiving theoretical frameworks along with narrative analysis were used gain insight into the participants’ needs surrounding their experiences of the admission. Findings include the fact that changes in women’s formal and informal supports began occurring years before their husbands’ admissions. The all-encompassing role as caregiver for their families continued to be central in their lives even after the admission. While women met their material and emotional needs through a range of formal and informal services, the participants were more likely to see needs met through informal means. Themes emerging from the research included those of guilt, entitlement, obligation, and reciprocity.

This qualitative exploratory research study examined the experiences of older women (over age 55) whose husbands had been admitted to a personal care home (PCH) in Winnipeg, Manitoba within the previous twelve (12) months. In-depth, semi-structured, one-on-one interviews were conducted with six (6) women. Socialist feminist and feminist caregiving theoretical frameworks along with narrative analysis were used gain insight into the participants’ needs surrounding their experiences of the admission. Findings include the fact that changes in women’s formal and informal supports began occurring years before their husbands’ admissions. The all-encompassing role as caregiver for their families continued to be central in their lives even after the admission. While women met their material and emotional needs through a range of formal and informal services, the participants were more likely to see needs met through informal means. Themes emerging from the research included those of guilt, entitlement, obligation, and reciprocity.

In the literature there is a great emphasis on the theories of regional growth and development. In many theories, the role of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in the economic growth and development of different regions has been widely discussed. Therefore, there is an emphasis upon the importance of the SMEs in the growth and development of the regional and national economies. The aim of this study is to clarify the role of local capabilities in the exporting SMEs and consequently define their role in regional growth and shed some light on the situation of the local capabilities in Ankara province. Therefore, in this study, firstly the theoretical framework of regional growth theories and the role of exporting SMEs in the regional economic growth are constructed. Secondly, the increasing role of different types of SMEs in the regional growth and their defining characteristics are discussed. Thirdly, brief remarks on SMEs in the Turkish economy and Ankara have been provided. Afterwards, the main hypothesis of this study tested through the results iv iv obtained from the survey that was done with SMEs in Ankara province and success factors of SMEs are drawn from the in-depth interviews. Finally, by making a general evaluation some policy implications have been drawn.

數世紀以來，《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596-1598)的批評總聚焦在「猶太人問題」(the Jewish question) 與「女人問題」(the woman question) 上：劇中放高利貸的夏洛 (Shylock) 體現了猶太人的原型，而富有、機智的波黠 (Portia) 則是強勢女性的代表。然而，這種閱讀方式將兩個問題分開處理，忽略了兩者在劇中密切的關聯，僅只以審判一景聯繫兩個角色所代表的問題。 　　本論文嘗試以「禮物交換」(gift exchange) 重新閱讀《威尼斯商人》。牟斯 (Marcel Mauss) 的著作《禮物》(The Gift, 1925) 初步定義原始社會中的交換行為與其涵意，奠定了禮物研究的基礎。禮物交換所建構的社會關係複雜多變，因此，除牟斯外，本論文亦援引佳寶 (Jacques T. Godbout) 與楊 (Iris Marion Young) 的理論，以期透視《威尼斯商人》中的角色在禮物交換之下的互動與劇情發展。 　　根據喜福特 (Alan D. Schrift) 所言，禮物描繪了「主體間的互動」(intersubjective interaction)。立基於此概念，並以上述等人的理論為架構，本論文由三個面向逐步探討《威尼斯商人》中基督男性的「自我」(self) 與猶太／女性「他者」(other) 間的禮物交換：（一）禮物交換的基礎；（二）禮物交換的聯繫與風險；（三）非對稱交換關係與重建關係。劇中安東尼 (Antonio) 與巴薩紐 (Bassanio) 的友情為禮物交換的基礎，進一步展現禮物特色，牽連／牽絆夏洛與波黠，發揮禮物效應，帶出多重「非對稱」(asymmetry) 的要素，終致重建四人的關係。 / For centuries, the Jewish question and the woman question have always been the salient concerns for criticisms of The Merchant of Venice (1596-1598): whereas Shylock the usurer embodies a Jewish archetype, Portia the clever heiress presents a powerful female figure. Nevertheless, treating the Jewish question and the woman question separately, this kind of reading ignores the close relationship between the two in the play, and connects them loosely only with the trial scene. This thesis reads The Merchant of Venice in the perspective of gift exchange. Founding the studies of the gift, Marcel Mauss’s The Gift (1925) firstly defines the reciprocity and the significance of gift exchange in archaic societies. Since social relationship established by gift exchange is subject to change, this thesis also draws on Jacques T. Godbout’s and Iris Marion Young’s theories to probe into the interaction of characters and the movement of The Merchant of Venice. According to Alan D. Schrift, the gift depicts “intersubjective interaction” (18). Based on this concept and structured with the above theories, the thesis examines gift exchange between the Christian male “self” and its Jewish/female other in The Merchant of Venice step by step in three dimensions: (1) the basis of gift exchange; (2) bond and risk in gift exchange; (3) asymmetrical reciprocity and reestablished relation. In the play, gift exchange brings its effect of bond and feature of asymmetry into full play. Grounded on the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, gift exchange links/restrains Shylock and Portia, and reestablishes the characters’ relationships as a result.

This practice-led research project examines some of the factors and issues facing artists working in the public domain who wish to engage with the community as audience. Using the methodology of action research, the three major creative projects in this study use art as a socio-political tool with the aim of providing an effective vehicle for broadening awareness, understanding forms of social protest and increasing tolerance for diversity. The three projects: Floodline November 7, 2004, Look in, Look out, and The Urban Terrorist Project, dealt with issues of marginalisation of communities, audiences and graffiti artists respectively. The artist/researcher is outlined as both creator and collaborator in the work. Processes included ephemeral elements, such as temporary installation and performance, as well as interactive elements that encouraged direct audience involvement as part of the work. In addition to the roles of creator and collaborator, both of which included audience as well as artist, the presence of an outside entity was evident. Whether local, legal authorities or prevailing attitudes, outside entities had an unavoidable impact on the processes and outcomes of the work. Each project elicited a range of responses from their respective audiences; however, the overarching concept of reciprocity was seen to be the crucial factor in conception, artistic methods and outcomes.

La Relación de Joan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamaygua es un texto colonial singular y uno de los pocos en contarnos episodios andinos prehispánicos de la mano de un miembro de una comunidad indígena. Sin embargo, aunque haya dado lugar a un número bastante grande de estudios y críticas, todavía no se ha llegado a un consenso completo a saber si sus contenidos son auténticamente andinos o el resultado de un proceso de aculturación. En este artículo, queremos reexaminar esta obra monumental desde un punto de vista poco trabajado, es decir, la posible postura que adoptó Pachacuti Yamqui al escribir su relación y que deja aparecer a través de su utilización de las tradiciones discursivas y el sujeto dicente de la obra. / The Relación of Joan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamaygua is a unique colonial text and one of the few to tell Andean pre-Hispanic history by the hand of a member of an indigenous community. However, while giving rise to a fairly large number of studies and reviews, it has not yet reached a full consensus whether its contents are authentically Andean or the result of a process of acculturation. In this article, we re-examine this monumental work from a less studied viewpoint, that is, the possible posture adopted by Pachacuti Yamqui to write is Relación and that he let appear through the use of discursive traditions and the subject of enunciation of the work.

252 f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-05-09T13:26:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_A TEIA DA FEIRA_MÁRCIO NICORY_2010.pdf: 5601005 bytes, checksum: 65a48bc9ca4339d481efb56487d74176 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela(anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-05-17T17:53:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_A TEIA DA FEIRA_MÁRCIO NICORY_2010.pdf: 5601005 bytes, checksum: 65a48bc9ca4339d481efb56487d74176 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-17T17:53:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO_A TEIA DA FEIRA_MÁRCIO NICORY_2010.pdf: 5601005 bytes, checksum: 65a48bc9ca4339d481efb56487d74176 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / CNPq / À beira de uma “cidade-feira”, uma feira. Crescendo e aninhando uma teia com o Recôncavo da baía. Muitas embarcações numa rica fronteira líquida. Um incêndio. O relocamento. Outro lugar. Outro nome: São Joaquim. Rodovias. Supermercados e outras formas de abastecimento. Intervenções sanitárias. Ameaças de relocamento e “revitalização”. Tensões. Percebendo a Feira de São Joaquim enquanto um fenômeno de longa duração, como manifestação de um determinado passado de precursores: as relações mercantis, o sistema econômico do Recôncavo da Baía de Todos os Santos e as atividades e loci de inserção da população pobre, negra e migrante, o presente trabalho toma como objetivo compreender como se caracteriza a permanência da Feira no sentido de um espaço comercial, locus de aprovisionamento local e regional, tradicional, ante mudanças na rede geral de abastecimento na cidade de Salvador e nos hábitos comerciais, bem como enquanto herdeira simbólica e material das feiras do Sete e de Água de Meninos, refletindo as transformações na rede comercial aninhada ao Recôncavo da Bahia de outrora. Utilizando-se de variadas fontes (orais, iconográficas e textuais), procuramos mostrar que a Feira expressa a riqueza e complexidade sócio-econômica inscrita a sua enseada e referida a múltiplas espacialidades, territorialidades constituídas e constantemente reafirmadas entre os fios da teia de São Joaquim. Trocando com vários lugares, nutrindo e sendo nutrida por estes, a Feira tece sua malha comercial – configurando-se como matriz de todas as outras feiras-livres da cidade, promovendo o abastecimento de grande parte do mercado informal de Salvador. Mesmo o Recôncavo, que se estagnou, se mantém vivo nessas trocas. A Feira foi expressão do pulso acelerado e intenso em Água de Meninos, hoje é igualmente pulso, mas bate num compasso modesto no fluxo das transformações no Recôncavo e na sua cidade sítio, Salvador, lançando-se por outros tentáculos e nutrindo e sendo nutrida por outras relações. O processo histórico compele os feirantes, via resistência, à criação ou invenção de mecanismos de defesa e adaptação. A Feira não está imune ao “resto” da sociedade, inscreve-se num tecido social mais amplo. A Feira não é um resquício com validade expirada, mas se coloca numa formação histórica combinada, negociando com as diferentes forças expulsivas e forças aglutinadoras. Não é resíduo nem “caco”, mas totalidade simbiótica de modernidades ou temporalidades sedimentadas ou justapostas. A Feira, para existir na duração do tempo, tem que ter a capacidade de resistir. Isto é, ser capaz de mudar constantemente. / Salvador

Submitted by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-12-06T17:36:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Aprovada.pdf: 772700 bytes, checksum: 92a66d73cb96e958a0a1e6ce8bca703c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-12-06T17:36:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Aprovada.pdf: 772700 bytes, checksum: 92a66d73cb96e958a0a1e6ce8bca703c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2011-12-06T17:36:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Aprovada.pdf: 772700 bytes, checksum: 92a66d73cb96e958a0a1e6ce8bca703c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-12-06T17:37:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Aprovada.pdf: 772700 bytes, checksum: 92a66d73cb96e958a0a1e6ce8bca703c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se há ou não congruência entre a ideia de lealdade, manifestada no discurso dos bancos, e o seu conceito em marketing de relacionamento, identificando qual o sentido desse constructo nas mensagens das instituições bancárias, além de identificar, também, quais os fatores que levam os clientes a manterem relacionamento duradouro com bancos. O estudo é de caráter exploratório, e foi conduzido com entrevistas individuais com clientes pessoa física e gerentes de bancos públicos e privados de Brasília/DF, com o intuito de explorar o relacionamento entre cliente-banco, para uma melhor orientação na direção das análises dos dados obtidos. Os dados foram coletados junto a 11 entrevistados de ambos os sexos, residentes em Brasília/DF, durante os meses de março e abril de 2011. Para atingir os objetivos propostos, o método de pesquisa adotado foi qualitativo, com foco no valor informacional da mensagem propriamente dita, das palavras, argumentos e idéias nela expressos, utilizando-se uma forma interpretativa para a análise dos dados. Os resultados demonstraram o afastamento conceitual entre a ideia de lealdade dos bancos, definida como algo ligado ao entendimento de que o cliente, confiante em seu banco, está satisfeito e não o deixa, e o seu conceito em marketing de relacionamento, que a define como um profundo compromisso do cliente em recomprar um produto/serviço consistentemente no futuro, pois constatou-se que os clientes bancários, independentemente de fatores como o tempo gasto ou o esforço associados à troca de fornecedores, são sensíveis a aumento substancial da tarifação, não tem compromisso de recompra com banco e nem de compra junto a um único banco. Em decorrência, se pode concluir que não são fiéis/leais. Como fatores responsáveis por relacionamento duradouro com bancos, verificou-se, como principais, a qualidade do atendimento prestado pelo banco e a reciprocidade existente no relacionamento, ambos são constituintes dos sentimentos de satisfação e confiança nos clientes bancários. Conclui-se o trabalho, fazendo-se recomendações com a intenção de beneficiar e desenvolver os gestores deste segmento. / This paper aims to verify whether there is or not a congruence between the idea of loyalty, showed by the speech of bank businessmen, and their concept of relationship marketing by identifying the sense of that construct in the messages of the bank institutions, besides the identification of the factors that make clients keep a longer relationship with banks in general. The study is a kind of exploratory and it has been conducted by individual interviews with physical clients and managers of public and private banks in Brasilia/DF, aiming to explore the relationship between clientsbank for a better orientation related to the data analysis obtained. The data have been collected by the 11 interviewed men and women, who live in Brasilia/DF, from March to April, 2011. To reach all the proposed goals, the research method adopted was the qualitative one, focusing the information value of the message itself, the words, argumentation and ideas expressed in them by using an interpretative form for the data analysis. The results demonstrated the conceptual separation between the banks’ loyalty idea, defined as something related to the understanding that the clients, confident in their bank, are satisfied and will not leave it, and the concept of relationship marketing, which defines it as a serious commitment of the clients to buy back a product/service consistently in the future, because it has been proved that bank clients, regardless of factors like time spent or the effort associated to the providers exchange, are sensitive to the substantial increase of the taxation; there is no compromise to repurchase with any other bank or to buy from an only one. Consequently, it may be deducted that those clients are not faithful/loyal. According to the main factors for longer relationships with banks, it has been verified that the attending quality offered by the bank and the existing reciprocity in the relationship with clients are both the constituting feelings of satisfaction and confidence for the bank clients. Thus, this paper is concluded by doing some recommendation with the intention of to benefit and develop managers of this segment.