Water governance exerts an impact on the socio-politic life of Honduras. For instance, the new legal framework changes institutions. New water organisations are created, and new processes and proceedings are proposed. These times when strategies from developed countries are transferred to developing countries, such as water governance, the need for an evaluation is desirable to disentangle the problems and to look forward at opportunities and find alternatives. The journey from government to governance describes the change from the traditional government behaviour towards new governance. In countries like Honduras, as in developing countries, this change describes a complex process in which the imported strategies are conflicting with existing established socio-political patterns. The new water management approach as applied in Honduras needs to take into account the socio-political reality and the availability of resources, if the water governance process would gain relevance. Honduras is a relatively new democratic country after many years of military regime, thus the government needs also to be part of the governance process. This doctoral thesis studies and highlights the characteristics of the traditional Honduran government approach, and the effects that the new governance approach has posed in the country. The difficulties emerging from this shift of approaches are discussed, and explored. The research finds support in the exploration of Honduran political and institutional sociological history to elaborate the causes and motives for current governmental attitudes. The research relates to concepts of development strategies, institutionalism and regulation modes. This thesis argues that governance has achieved a pseudo empirical implementation in Honduras, and that new mechanisms need to be devised to balance the suggested governance mode using new notions of regulatory space, and the theoretical meta-governance approach, in order to balance between the imported measures and the reality. New governance theoretical notions are exposed to encourage and explore new alternatives for the water governance in the Honduras context. It is necessary to realise that institutional changes occur in a long-term adjustment period in order to build trust among actors and water authorities. Moreover, this thesis deems it pertinent that the government as the voter-elected entity should take the decisive lead of the governance approach. / QC 20100903

Submitted by Lucienne Costa (lucienneferreira@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-29T15:12:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 NAARA QUEIROZ DE MELO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGED) 2018.pdf: 1194009 bytes, checksum: 3040327881f2c7c8cedf8bca64a696ce (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-29T15:12:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NAARA QUEIROZ DE MELO – DISSERTAÇÃO (PPGED) 2018.pdf: 1194009 bytes, checksum: 3040327881f2c7c8cedf8bca64a696ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-16 / A presente dissertação de mestrado aborda as atuações do Estado regulador e do Mercado educador como norteadoras do processo de mercantilização da educação infantil, especialmente, no município de Campina Grande, no estado da Paraíba. Foi desenvolvida com o objetivo geral de analisar o processo de mercantilização da educação infantil no município de Campina Grande/PB; e os objetivos específicos de analisar a relação entre Estado e Mercado nas políticas educacionais, sobretudo, para a educação infantil; refletir sobre a tensão entre o direito e a mercantilização da educação infantil; e identificar os condicionantes que levaram à predominância de matrículas da pré-escola do município de Campina Grande na rede privada, sobretudo, no período de 2012 a 2016. A pesquisa, sob a perspectiva do materialismo histórico-dialético, foi realizada em três momentos distintos, a saber: 1) contemplação viva do objeto, momento no qual foram levantados os primeiros dados estatísticos, análise de documentos e observações para a delimitação do objeto; 2) análise do fenômeno, contando com pesquisa bibliográfica e elaboração de roteiro de entrevistas; 3) análise da realidade concreta do objeto, consistindo em um momento que permeou todo o processo de escrita, com ênfase na análise dos dados estatísticos e empíricos. Os estudos revelaram a matriz liberal-burguesa do Estado capitalista como base para o constante vínculo entre as esferas pública e privada, especialmente, na educação, desdobrando no processo de mercantilização vivenciado pela educação infantil no município de Campina Grande/PB. Matriz esta que delineou a formação social do Brasil e, consequentemente, as bases da educação nacional nos moldes das parcerias público-privadas até os dias atuais. Deixando clara a tensão entre o direito social e a mercantilização da educação que, através dos mecanismos de disseminação da ideologia mercantil, concretizados pela ação estatal e de aparelhos privados de hegemonia, culmina na construção de consensos em torno da divindade mercado. / This master’s thesis deals with the actions of the State regulator and the market educator as guiding the process of commodification of children's education, especially, in the municipality of Campina Grande, in the state of Paraíba. It was developed with the general objective of analyzing the commercialization process of early childhood education in the city of Campina Grande / PB; and the specific objectives of analyzing the relationship between State and Market in educational policies, especially for early childhood education; reflecting on the tension between the right and the commodification of early childhood education; and to identify the constraints that led to the predominance of enrollments in the pre-school of the city of Campina Grande in the private network, mainly, in the period from 2012 to 2016. The research, from the perspective of historical-dialectical materialism, was carried out in three different moments, namely: 1) living contemplation of the object, at which time the first statistical data were collected, analysis of documents and observations for the delimitation of the object; 2) analysis of the phenomenon, counting on bibliographical research and elaboration of script of interviews; 3) analysis of the concrete reality of the object, consisting of a moment that permeated the whole process of writing, with emphasis on the analysis of statistical and empirical data. Studies have revealed the liberal-bourgeois matrix of the capitalist state as the basis for the constant bond between the public and private spheres, especially in education, unfolding in the process of commodification experienced by children's education in the city of Campina Grande/PB. Matrix this one that outlined the social formation of Brazil and, consequently, the basis of national education in the form of public-private partnerships to the present days. Making clear the tension between social law and the commercialization of education, which, through the mechanisms of dissemination of mercantile ideology, concretized by state action and private apparatus of hegemony, culminates in the construction of consensus around the market deity.

É possível medir a eficiência do Estado? A proposta desta dissertação de mestrado é apresentar a avaliação de impacto regulatório AIR como uma das ferramentas possíveis e existentes para atender a esse desafio exigido pela Constituição Federal a partir da Emenda Constitucional 19/98, tendo como referencial analítico as decisões regulatórias. A AIR é instrumento de controle da atividade regulatória do Estado por meio de procedimento administrativo voltado à análise das decisões regulatórias a serem adotadas ou já adotadas pelos agentes reguladores com base em evidências empíricas, resultando na introdução de mecanismos de legitimação democrática e de responsabilização do regulador. Ela se baseia no uso sistemático de análises dos possíveis custos e benefícios das várias alternativas existentes para atender à(s) finalidade(s) desejada(s) e sinalizada(s) nas políticas públicas setoriais. Fala-se em mecanismos de legitimação democrática e de responsabilização do regulador diante do seu potencial de reduzir o déficit democrático presente no modelo do Estado regulador, em que o agente administrativo não eleito, no exercício de seus poderes, toma decisões que podem gerar impacto significativo aos particulares. Sustenta-se que isso é possível por meio da transparência e da publicidade do processo de tomada de decisão a partir da utilização da AIR pelos agentes reguladores. Esse aspecto leva a outro: a AIR como instrumento de controle. Essa ferramenta também possibilita a redução do risco da agência presente na delegação de poder do principal (Poder Legislativo e o Chefe do Poder Executivo) para o agente (agentes reguladores). A AIR ganha especial importância com o Programa de Fortalecimento da Capacidade Institucional para Gestão em Regulação (instituído pelo Decreto 6.062 de 16 de março de 2007) que tem como objetivo idealizar e implementar essa ferramenta na administração pública federal. / Is it possible to measure State efficiency? This dissertation aims to introduce regulatory impact assessment RIA as an existing possible tool to tackle this challenge assigned by the Federal Constitution in the constitutional amendment 19/98. RIA is an instrument to control the State via an administrative procedure based on the analysis of empirical evidences of regulatory decisions either to be taken or already taken by regulators. As a result, it introduces democratic legitimacy mechanisms and accountability of regulators. Its methodology is based on the systematic use of cost-benefit analysis of proposed alternatives in order to apply a public policy in a regulated sector. The mechanisms for democratic legitimation and accountability of regulators are justified by its potential to reduce the democratic deficit within the regulatory State, in which the non-elected administrative agent, in the exercise of his/hers own powers, makes decisions that can impact individuals. This is due to the transparency and publicity of the decision-making process that derives from the adoption of RIA. Another aspect then arises: RIA as an instrument of control. This tool will enable the reduction of the agency risk characteristic of the power delegation from the principal (Legislative Power and chief of Executive Power) to the agent (regulators). RIA gets more attention with the creation of the governmental program for strengthening the institutional capacity for regulation (Presidential Decree 6.062, March, 16th of 2007), whose scope is to conceptualize and implement such a tool in the federal public administration.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gabriel Ferreira da Fonseca.pdf: 890723 bytes, checksum: e906a14fa0db3edc77689a81ff071c2d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / The field of legal interpretation was not immune to recent changes that took place in the State and in Law. Along the last decades, this important communicative activity of the legal system underwent a number of metamorphosis which justified the conduction of the research of which this work is a product. Aiming to apprehend the profound changes that took place in the field of legal interpretation, we investigated the singularities of the new models of Regulatory State and the Law ( pragmatic , flexible , soft , responsive , ductile , heterarchical ) currently in development, in contrast with the outstanding characteristics of the previous models of State and Law. The outcome of the work, which was based on Niklas Luhmann s systems theory, was a description of the investigated social reality, which may be understood as an auto-reflection of legal system, conventionally named legal theory . The option for this theoretical way to observe the investigated reality allowed to place the inquiry in a different position from those of legal practice and legal dogmatics, which are directly associated to the need to decide, and from sociology of law, disassociated from the need to decide. This ambivalent position between internal and external perspectives of the legal system contributed to a heterodox investigation on a useful traditional rhetorical resource of the legal dogmatics: the rational legislator hypothesis. Finally, after having approached the characteristics of this traditional ideal of the law hermeneutics, this work reflects on the risks, limits and possibility of a new rhetoric figure, which is possibly being developed in the interior of the legal system: the efficient administrator/ruler / A interpretação jurídica não escapou às recentes transformações ocorridas no Estado e no direito. Ao longo das últimas décadas, esta importante operação comunicativa do sistema jurídico sofreu metamorfoses que justificaram a realização da pesquisa que resultou no presente trabalho. Com o objetivo de compreender as profundas mudanças sofridas pela interpretação jurídica, foram investigadas as peculiaridades dos novos modelos de Estado Regulador e de direito ( pragmático , flexível , brando , responsivo , dúctil , heterárquico ) que se desenvolvem na contemporaneidade, contrastando-as com as características marcantes dos modelos estatais e jurídicos anteriores. O resultado da pesquisa, que tomou como principal referência a teoria dos sistemas sociais de Niklas Luhmann, foi uma descrição acerca da realidade social investigada, que pode ser entendida como uma autorreflexão do sistema jurídico, convencionalmente chamada de teoria do direito . A opção por este modo teórico-jurídico de observar a realidade investigada permitiu situar a pesquisa em uma posição diferente daquelas da prática do direito e da dogmática jurídica, ligadas diretamente à necessidade de decisão, e da sociologia do direito, desvinculada desta preocupação. Esta posição ambivalente entre os pontos de vista interno e externo ao sistema jurídico contribuiu para uma investigação heterodoxa acerca de um recurso retórico útil e tradicional da dogmática jurídica: a hipótese do legislador racional. Por fim, após abordar os contornos deste ideal tradicional da hermenêutica jurídica, o trabalho refletiu acerca dos riscos, limites e possibilidade de uma nova figura retórica, que pode estar se desenvolvendo no interior do sistema jurídico: a hipótese do administrador/julgador eficiente

É possível medir a eficiência do Estado? A proposta desta dissertação de mestrado é apresentar a avaliação de impacto regulatório AIR como uma das ferramentas possíveis e existentes para atender a esse desafio exigido pela Constituição Federal a partir da Emenda Constitucional 19/98, tendo como referencial analítico as decisões regulatórias. A AIR é instrumento de controle da atividade regulatória do Estado por meio de procedimento administrativo voltado à análise das decisões regulatórias a serem adotadas ou já adotadas pelos agentes reguladores com base em evidências empíricas, resultando na introdução de mecanismos de legitimação democrática e de responsabilização do regulador. Ela se baseia no uso sistemático de análises dos possíveis custos e benefícios das várias alternativas existentes para atender à(s) finalidade(s) desejada(s) e sinalizada(s) nas políticas públicas setoriais. Fala-se em mecanismos de legitimação democrática e de responsabilização do regulador diante do seu potencial de reduzir o déficit democrático presente no modelo do Estado regulador, em que o agente administrativo não eleito, no exercício de seus poderes, toma decisões que podem gerar impacto significativo aos particulares. Sustenta-se que isso é possível por meio da transparência e da publicidade do processo de tomada de decisão a partir da utilização da AIR pelos agentes reguladores. Esse aspecto leva a outro: a AIR como instrumento de controle. Essa ferramenta também possibilita a redução do risco da agência presente na delegação de poder do principal (Poder Legislativo e o Chefe do Poder Executivo) para o agente (agentes reguladores). A AIR ganha especial importância com o Programa de Fortalecimento da Capacidade Institucional para Gestão em Regulação (instituído pelo Decreto 6.062 de 16 de março de 2007) que tem como objetivo idealizar e implementar essa ferramenta na administração pública federal. / Is it possible to measure State efficiency? This dissertation aims to introduce regulatory impact assessment RIA as an existing possible tool to tackle this challenge assigned by the Federal Constitution in the constitutional amendment 19/98. RIA is an instrument to control the State via an administrative procedure based on the analysis of empirical evidences of regulatory decisions either to be taken or already taken by regulators. As a result, it introduces democratic legitimacy mechanisms and accountability of regulators. Its methodology is based on the systematic use of cost-benefit analysis of proposed alternatives in order to apply a public policy in a regulated sector. The mechanisms for democratic legitimation and accountability of regulators are justified by its potential to reduce the democratic deficit within the regulatory State, in which the non-elected administrative agent, in the exercise of his/hers own powers, makes decisions that can impact individuals. This is due to the transparency and publicity of the decision-making process that derives from the adoption of RIA. Another aspect then arises: RIA as an instrument of control. This tool will enable the reduction of the agency risk characteristic of the power delegation from the principal (Legislative Power and chief of Executive Power) to the agent (regulators). RIA gets more attention with the creation of the governmental program for strengthening the institutional capacity for regulation (Presidential Decree 6.062, March, 16th of 2007), whose scope is to conceptualize and implement such a tool in the federal public administration.

Since the 1990s, several countries in Latin America liberalized and privatized the public utilities business. As a consequence, there was a transit from the Entrepreneur State to the Regulatory State, the latter being traditionally understood as a model of regulation for competition, with a mayor concern only on economic objectives. Notwithstanding, the socioeconomic reality of Latin American countries, in particular Colombia, presented the fact that competition cannot be the only priority, and that regulation of the public utilities business must also achieve social objectives. Public purposes, understood as economic and social objectives, are the cornerstone of State intervention. / Desde los años noventa, ciertos países de América Latina liberalizaron y privatizaron el sector de los servicios públicos. Como consecuencia, se pasó del Estado empresario al Estado regulador, el cual era tradicionalmente entendido como un modelo de regulación para la competencia, centrado principalmente en objetivos económicos. Sin embargo, la realidad socioeconómica de los países de América Latina, en particular Colombia, demuestra que la competencia no es la única prioridad, sino que la regulación en los servicios públicos también debe atender a la consecución de objetivos sociales. Los objetivos públicos son el pilar de la intervención del Estado, entendido esto como objetivos económicos y sociales.

Contrairement à la doctrine fiscale, la doctrine administrative de la commande publique, quand bien même son assise est ancienne, n’a constitué que récemment un objet d’étude. Cependant, étant un outil essentiel pour les administrations, la doctrine administrative démontre à nouveau l’unilatéralité de l’action publique au motif qu’elle est l’instrumentum par lequel la direction des affaires juridiques des ministères économiques et financiers (DAJ) propose une interprétation de ce droit technique. Une étude empirique et prospective de cette doctrine administrative doit conduire à mettre en lumière toutes ces sources souterraines du droit de la commande publique sur lesquelles l’ensemble des acteurs s’appuie. / Contrary to the tax doctrine, the administrative doctrine of public contracts, even though its foundation is old, has only recently been an object of study. However, being an essential tool for the administrations, the administrative doctrine demonstrates the unilateral nature of the public action because it is the instrumentum by which the Direction of Legal Affairs of the economic and financial ministries (DAJ) gives an interpretation of this technical law field. An empirical and prospective study of this administrative doctrine should lead to highlighting all these underground sources of public contrats on which all the actors relies.

The author proposes a review of the different experiences relating to public services of economic content, both nationally and internationally, and then he analyze its concept and legal framework in national law. to this end, he reviews therecent literature on the subject, the constitutional basis and the relevant case law in order to offer his concept of Guarantor state , linked to the role and concept of public service in the peruvian legal system. / El autor propone una revisión de las diferentes experiencias relativas a los servicios públicos de contenido económico, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, paraluego analizar su concepto y régimen jurídico en el ordenamiento nacional. Para ello, pasa revista a la literatura más reciente sobre la materia, las bases constitucionales y la jurisprudencia más relevante, para así ofrecer su concepto de estado/Administración garante, vinculado al rol y concepto del servicio público en elordenamiento jurídico peruano.

[pt] O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar o problema da legitimidade democrática da atuação normativa das agências reguladoras no Brasil a partir da seguinte questão: Como pensar a legitimação da atividade de produção de normas dessas entidades administrativas brasileiras a partir da teoria discursiva do Direito e da democracia de Jürgen Habermas? O foco da análise são os desafios que uma teoria que explica os processos de integração e reprodução da sociedade a partir de um conceito de racionalidade situado entre a facticidade e a validade das ações sociais deve enfrentar, quando aplicada a realidades distintas daquela a partir da qual foi elaborada. Para tanto, assume- se, como ponto de referência, a obra de Paulo Todescan Lessa Mattos, que, em relação às agências reguladoras, é o principal representante de uma corrente analítica que enxerga, no modelo habermasiano de legitimação pelo procedimento discursivamente estruturado, uma saída teórica capaz de oferecer parâmetros normativos para a legitimação democrática da atuação normativa dessas entidades. O diálogo com a posição de Mattos e suas conclusões sobre o tema é constante ao longo do trabalho e estabelece a base sobre a qual são levantados alguns pontos problemáticos da tentativa de identificar, a partir da teoria de Habermas, potenciais de legitimação democrática nos espaços de participação popular institucionalizados no interior dos processos de tomada de decisão das agências reguladoras brasileiras. / [en] The main purpose of this work is to analyze the issue of democratic legitimacy of regulatory norms produced by independent agencies in Brazil, considering the following question: How to think about legitimating the lawmaking activity of these administrative entities according to Jürgen Habermas´ discourse theory of democracy and the law? The analysis focuses on the challenges that a theory which explains the integration and reproduction processes of modern societies through a concept of rationality situated between the facts and norms of social action must face, when applied to a reality that is different from the one that inspired its development. Thus, I take the work of Paulo Todescan Lessa Mattos, an authority in the topic of regulatory agencies, as a reference of an analytical perspective that sees in Habermas´ discursive model of procedural legitimation a way to find normative parameters to legitimate the norms of these entities. The dialog with Mattos´ argument and his conclusions is constant in this work, and it sets the basis for developing several problematic issues related to identifying, through Habermas´ theory, potentials of democratic legitimation in the institutionalized spaces of public participation within the decision-making processes of Brazilian regulatory agencies.

Cette thèse porte sur le périmètre de l’intervention publique dans l’économie en droit français et en droit tunisien. L’intervention de l’État dans l’économie vise à améliorer les conditions du développement des activités économiques sur un territoire donné. Saisir les mutations juridiques de l’action économique des personnes publiques requiert d’abord la description des moyens de l’intervention étatique tels qu’ils furent utilisés en période d’économie dirigée. Discrétionnaires, ils s’appuyaient sur la nationalisation, la planification, le contrôle des entreprises et la réglementation étatique des prix. Ensuite, il est montré comment la crise économique des années soixante-dix, l’union européenne, les institutions financières internationales, le poids croissant des collectivités locales ont détruit la légitimité du monopole d’action de l’État. Ce sont globalement les facteurs qui expliquent le déclin des prétentions de l’État à diriger l’économie et agir globalement sur le territoire national pour favoriser ledéveloppement économique. La nouvelle action économique participe plus largement à un nouveau type de régulation publique de l’économie.L’intervention de l’État dans l’économie questionne aussi sur la façon dont l'État peut ou doitil intervenir par le biais de sa Constitution, vis à vis des acteurs économiques, vis à vis du marché, vis à vis de l'État. Il s'agit de savoir en quoi ce principe a-t-il ou non un rôle un jouer dans l'économie de marché et dans l'interventionnisme étatique.À travers notre analyse, nous pouvons conclure que l'efficacité de l'État dans le développement économique résulte de son intervention pour améliorer l'efficacité organisationnelle du marché. C'est ainsi que l'économie française a réussi à minimiser la possibilité de l'aléa moral et desactivités de « rent-seeking » en orientant les ressources vers les secteurs plus productifs. EnTunisie, l'intervention de l'État qui ne se conformait pas aux règles de la mondialisation a été une cause importante de la révolution de 2011 par son action négative sur l'efficacité organisationnelle du marché. Il est impératif aujourd’hui d’introduire des réformes fondamentales au niveau de l’État et ses organisations, encourager l’initiative privée, assurer une restriction des anciennes institutions et de promouvoir la participation de tous citoyens à l’édification de la nouvelle Tunisie sans exclusive ni marginalisation. / This thesis focuses on the scope of public intervention in the economy under French law and Tunisian law. State intervention in the economy aims to improve the conditions for the development of economic activities in a given territory. To grasp the legal changes in the economic action of public persons first of all requires the description of the means of state intervention as they were used in a controlled economy. Discretionary, they relied on nationalization, planning, corporate control and state regulation of prices. Then, it is shown how the economic crisis of the seventies, the European Union, the international financial institutions,the increasing weight of the local authorities destroyed the legitimacy of the monopoly of action of the State. These are the factors that explain the decline of the state's claims to lead the economy and act globally on the national territory to promote economic development. The new economic action participates more widely in a new type of public regulation of the economy.State intervention in the economy also questions how the State can or should it intervene through its Constitution, vis-à-vis the economic actors, vis-à-vis the market, vis-à-vis the state. It is a matter of knowing in what way this principle does or does not have a role to play in the market economy and in state interventionism.Through our analysis, we can conclude that the effectiveness of the state in economic development results from its intervention to improve the organizational efficiency of the market. Thus, the French economy has managed to minimize the possibility of moral hazard and rent-seeking activities by channeling resources towards the more productive sectors. In Tunisia, state intervention that did not conform to the rules of globalization was an important cause of the 2011 revolution because of its negative effect on the organizational efficiency of the market. It is imperative today to introduce fundamental reforms at the level of the state and its organizations, to encourage private initiative, to ensure a restriction of the old institutions and to promote the participation of all citizens in the construction of the new Tunisia. Without exclusiveness or marginalization.