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La presente tesis busca explicar la importancia que el valor tiene en el proyecto narrativo de Roberto Bolaño. A partir de su obra narrativa, sostenemos que el valor representa una comprensión más pertinente y abarcadora al momento de comprender el mundo narrativo planteado por el autor y su escritura. A diferencia de otras perspectivas, que enfatizan el fracaso como un elemento característico, consideramos que el valor resulta para Bolaño un elemento fundamental para comprender su práctica literaria. Para ello, hemos dividido la tesis en tres capítulos. En el primero capítulo hemos desarrollado la concepción que tiene Bolaño de la escritura, centrándonos en el valor como elemento fundamental en el sentido en que ser un buen escritor significa atreverse a desarrollar este doble ejercicio: a) someter a crítica toda forma de poder y b) buscar indesmayablemente lo nuevo. En este sentido, el riesgo define el ejercicio literario. En la medida en que el escritor en ciernes es capaz de enfrentarse con las diferentes formas del poder y arriesgarse a la prosecución de lo nuevo, el ejercicio literario encontrará legitimación y fundamento. En el segundo capítulo hemos reconocido una suerte de pulsión renovadora que recorre la poética de Bolaño rastreando las herencias literarias a las que Bolaño es afín y que asumió con el fin de desarrollar lo que él llama “lo desconocido” o “lo nuevo”. Si en el primer capítulo el componente “valor” estaba asociado al coraje y a la valentía como condición de todo escritor para ejercer su proyecto literario, en este nos interesa desarrollar la idea de “lo desconocido” o “lo nuevo” en la escritura de Bolaño ya que será lo que defina el horizonte literario en el que cobra sentido el valor. Para lograr dicho objetivo nos hemos centrado en identificar las afinidades existentes entre la escritura de Bolaño y la vanguardia histórica tanto como con la obra de Jorge Luis Borges. El tercer capítulo está dirigido a ilustrar de qué forma las consideraciones realizadas por Bolaño en torno a la escritura y el valor se traducen en Los detectives salvajes. Nos ha interesado en este sentido desarrollar dos líneas de reflexión y ver de qué forma el factor valor está presente en esta novela. Por un lado, hemos centrado la reflexión en la experiencia individual de García Madero al contacto con los viscerealistas. Por otro lado, asumiendo la imposibilidad de conocimiento certero que define la novela, hemos subrayado la experiencia poética del movimiento poético viscerealista. En ambos casos, nos ha interesado determinar la forma como el valor y el fracaso ha sido determinante para la escritura de Los detectives salvajes. / Tesis

Orientador: Francisco Foot Hardman / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T22:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodriguezAlmonacid_CarmenCecilia_M.pdf: 632920 bytes, checksum: 7591e143884074b28374a551d9fe53bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Que pode aportar um conjunto de obras para a elaboração de uma memória? A literatura procura no passado, indaga nele querendo resgatar, desde uma perspectiva da memória histórica e da experiência individual, as formas de estabelecer um território que ajude a preservá-la. Assim, a memória é forjada e protegida ao fluir pelas páginas que a literatura cria, enriquecendo e transformando a realidade social e cultural na qual emerge. A proposta deste estudo se centra na reflexão da relação entre a memória e a história - os vínculos entre a memória coletiva e a memória individual - e o problema da narrativa dessa memória nas obras do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño. Assim sendo, nosso trabalho objetiva especificamente traçar um percurso pelas profundezas da memória e do esquecimento, da barbárie e da injustiça na análise das obras Estrella distante, (1996), Nocturno de Chile (1996) e Amuleto (1999), as quais cumprem um papel chave no trabalho de consolidação de uma memória, pois nelas se reconhece sua proposta estética no campo literário latinoamericano relativo à como narrar o passado traumático da sociedade chilena durante a ditadura militar de quase duas décadas. Há nessas três histórias elementos que são essenciais para expor o questionamento que a escrita de Roberto Bolaño realiza perante a violência do Estado, na medida em que sua narrativa apresenta uma severa crítica política na recuperação do passado, desde a matança de Tlatelolco às torturas do Chile de Pinochet / Abstract: What can a set of written works influence the elaboration of a memory? Literature searches the past, questions it to rescue, from a historical memory perspective and individual experience, forms to establish a ground, which helps to preserve it. Thus, memory is forged and protected when it flows through the pages that literature creates, enriches and transforms to easily insert in social and cultural reality from where it emerges. The proposal of this study focuses on the reflection of the relationship between history and memory, the links between collective memory and individual memory, and the problems related to the narrative of this memory in the works of Chilean author Roberto Bolaño. This way, our task aims specifically to trace a way through the depths of memory and oblivion, the barbarian and evil in the analysis of the works Estrella distante (1996), Nocturno de Chile (1996) and Amuleto (1999), which play a key role in the consolidation of a memory, because in those books one is able to recognize his esthetical proposal in the Latin American literature field when he narrates the traumatic past of a society during the military dictatorship that lasted for almost two decades. There are in those three stories, elements that are essential to expose the questioning that the written works of Roberto Bolaño realizes before the violence of the State, in that his narrative presents a severe political criticism in the recovery of the past, from the killing of Tlatelolco to the torture in Chile during the Pinochet years / Mestrado / Historia e Historiografia Literaria / Mestra em Teoria e História Literária

This dissertation investigates a common methodology of staging Cuban and Cuban exile historiography in three novels by Roberto G. Fernández (b. 1950), Antonio Benítez Rojo (1931-2005), and Ana Menéndez (b. 1970). This methodology develops a counterpoint between, first, the diagetic (strictly fictional) stories of characters who attempt to research or write Cuban history from exile and, second, the extradiagetic (extra or non-fictional) use of actual sources and tendencies of Cuban, Caribbean, and U.S. historiography structuring the narrative fiction. Reinforcing the density of the discursive field, the authors additionally incorporate works of Spanish, Latin-American, Caribbean, and/or Cuban literatures as constitutive elements of their fictions’ extradiagetic “noise.” I make the case that Fernández’s, Benítez Rojo’s, and Menéndez’s U.S.-produced historical novels develop a critical and investigative approach to the politics of Cuban exile and diaspora historiography. As such, they participate in the emergence of a post-exile Cuban literature, in dialogue with broader Caribbean and Latin American literatures. I analyze what I call archival dissonance in (1) the first, paradigm-setting novel in the body of historical fiction narrated from the frame of a dystopian future by Roberto G. Fernández, La vida es un special; (2) in Ana Menéndez’s use of reader response and archival research methods to critically recast a history of family division under the Cuban Revolution as popular romance fiction in Loving Che and (3) in the only novel Antonio Benítez Rojo lived to write in the United States, Mujer en traje de batalla (about the accidental arrival to New York City of the “first female Cuban physician” Enriqueta Faber, 1791-1827). Departing from the methodology presented with the narrative structure of each of the novels, in which a diagetic process of a character’s reading and/or writing Cuban history from a site of exile is countered by extradiagetic documentary and metaliterary information, I examine each novel’s metacritical approach to the politics of exile and diaspora historiography, as well as toward Cuban, Caribbean, Latin American, and/or U.S. literary textual economies. / text

L’alchimie, science de la manipulation des influences spirituelles par une métallurgie sacrée, et la pataphysique, esthétique pseudo-scientifique associant l'ésotérisme à l'humour, sont les deux principaux fondements idéologiques qui unissent Marcel Duchamp et Roberto Matta. Tandis que Duchamp s'intéresse déjà à l'ésotérisme dès 1910, soit près d'une vingtaine d'années avant sa rencontre avec Matta. Ce dernier aborde, dans sa production, des thèmes propres à la littérature alchimique, soit les opérations occultes, les états merveilleux de la matière et les appareils de laboratoire. De plus, les écrivains symbolistes et pseudo-scientifiques, lus par Duchamp, puis par Matta, influencent l'humour pataphysique, teinté d'ésotérisme, qui s'exprime dans la production de ces deux artistes. Ainsi, Les Célibataires, vingt ans plus tard, est une huile sur toile, réalisée en 1943, par Roberto Matta, qui représente un paysage cosmique, composé d'astres et de trous noirs, de trois alambics et d'une grande machine noire. Dans cette œuvre, Matta réinterprète très librement certains éléments du Grand verre, une peinture sur verre de Marcel Duchamp, laissée inachevée en 1923. Le présent mémoire de maîtrise étudie l'influence de l'alchimie et de l'iconographie duchampienne sur Les Célibataires, vingt ans plus tard. Dans un premier temps, cette étude vise à mettre en exergue et à examiner les influences alchimiques et pataphysiques dans l'œuvre de Matta. Dans un deuxième temps, notre mémoire vise à démontrer comment l'œuvre de Matta s'intègre dans le projet surréaliste de création d'un mythe nouveau, dans la continuité du projet duchampien. / Alchemy, the science of handling spiritual influences through sacred metallurgy, and Pataphysics, a pseudo-scientific aesthetic combining Esotericism and humor, are the two main ideological foundations uniting Marcel Duchamp and Roberto Matta. On one hand, while Duchamp already has an interest for Esotericism in 1910, that is to say, about twenty years before his first encounter with Matta. On the other hand, Matta addresses, in his production, themes specific to alchemical literature, that is to say occult operations, marvelous states of matter and laboratory equipment. Also, symbolist and pseudo-scientific writers, read by Duchamp, and then by Matta, have an influence on the pataphysical humor, permeated by Esotericism, expressed in the production of both artists. Therefore, Les Célibataires, vingt ans plus tard, is an oil on canvas, elaborated in 1943, by Roberto Matta, representing a cosmic landscape, made of stars and black holes, of three alembics and of a large black machine. In this painting, Matta very freely reinterprets some elements from the Grand verre, a painting on glass by Marcel Duchamp, left unfinished in 1923. This master thesis examines the influence of Alchemy and of the iconography of Duchamp on Les Célibataires, vingt ans plus tard. In the first part, this study aims to highlight and to examine alchemical and pataphysical influences within the work of Matta. In the second part, our thesis aims to demonstrate how the work of Matta integrates in the Surrealist project of creating a new myth, in the continuity of the project of Marcel Duchamp.

This thesis will study the Italian literary phenomenon Gomorra, viaggi nell'impero economico e nel sogno di dominio della Camorra. First, the focus will be on the text's hybrid nature and implications and also on its literary and intellectual inspirations (such as Truman Capote, Pier Paolo Pasolini and Leonardo Sciascia). Secondly, we will take a closer look at the structure of the novel's narrative and its literary details, in order to reveal the different processes used by Roberto Saviano to convince the reader. Interwoven in this book's central plot, we will find a main obsession: the need to understand. Lastly, we will discuss the question of the great power treated in this novel, the one of a criminal organisation transformed by the revelations made throughout the story. These revelations will allow us to draw interesting comparisons between organized crime and merchant capitalism. For this part, we will refer to Guy Debord's La société du spectacle, and to Hannah Arendt's work on the question of totalitarianism. All of these elements will allow us to discuss the different perspectives within the narrative's framework, and more precisely, the figure of the narrator/author/character that gives Saviano's novel anthropological qualities, in the form of an ethnofiction (Augé). / Ce Mémoire cherchera a étudier le phénomène littéraire italien Gomorra, viaggio nell’impero economico e nel sogno di dominio della Camorra. Au fil de l’analyse il sera évoqué autant son caractère hybride et les implications que cela représente que les influences littéraires et intellectuelles, auquel un tel texte fait écho ( Truman Capote, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Leonardo Sciascia…). Par la suite nous nous attacherons aux structures narratives et aux particularités littéraires du roman, afin de faire ressortir les différents procédés utilisés par Roberto Saviano dans son intention de convaincre. Une obsession qui s’inscrit dans la dynamique centrale du livre, celle de comprendre. Enfin, il sera question de la grande force qui entoure ce roman, celle d’un crime organisé rendu différent de par les révélations faites au sein du roman. De cela nous tirerons une étude comparative entre le crime organisé et le capitalisme marchand, faisant appel autant à Guy Debord et son œuvre La société du spectacle, qu’à Hannah Arendt pour ses nombreux travaux entourant la problématique du totalitarisme. Tous ces éléments nous permettront de conclure sur la particularité des points de vue, notamment avec la figure du narrateur/auteur/personnage qui nous permettra de rapprocher le roman de Roberto Saviano au travail anthropologique, dans la dynamique d’une forme d’ethno- fiction (Augé)

L’objectif de cette Thèse consiste à accroître nos connaissances sur la société argentine par une approche particulière. Nous sommes persuadés que la littérature policière est une métaphore de la société contemporaine et qu’à travers son analyse nous parviendrons à mieux comprendre son fonctionnement. Notre travail ne cherche pas à donner une vision globale du genre mais à confronter la production dans deux étapes critiques de l’histoire argentine : la Décennie Infâme (1930-1943) et la crise postménémiste (de 1999 à nos jours). Suivant le modèle créé par Karl Marx (« Le 18 brumaire de Louis Bonaparte ») nous les avons appelées Tragédie et Farce. En effet, nos recherches nous ont permis de découvrir les résonances qui existent entre les deux périodes. Cette Thèse s’inscrit dans le cadre de la sociocritique. La lecture socio-historique des textes nous fera passer en revue tout le vingtième siècle, des préceptes modernistes du Siècle des Lumières à l’hypermodernisme de Gilles Lipovetsky ou à la modernité liquide de Zygmunt Bauman. Nous avons organisé notre travail selon trois éléments principaux et indissociables : la ville, la figure du détective et la société ; à travers ces pages nous avons suivi leur évolution. / The objective of this Thesis is to increase our knowledge of Argentinian society by a specific approach. We are convinced that detective literature is a metaphor of the contemporary society and that through its analysis we will arrive at a better understanding of it. Our work does not seek to give a comprehensive view of this literature but to confront literary production with two critical periods of Argentinian history: the Infamous Decade (1930-1943) and the post-Menemist crisis. Following the model created by Karl Marx (“The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoléon”) we have called them Tragedy and Farce. Our research shows the resonances between these two periods. Our research consists of a sociological approach. A sociohistorical reading of the literary texts brings us to review the whole of the twentieth century, from the modernistic precepts of the Age of Enlightenment to the hypermodernism of Gilles Lipovetsky or the liquid modernity of Zygmunt Bauman. We have organized our work according to three principal and indissociable elements: the city, the figure of the detective and the society; throughout these pages we have followed their evolution.

The main focus of this thesis is the interpretation of the view of the world in two of the short stories of Argentinean writer Roberto Arlt. The thesis is based on essay of the foundation, evolution and theory of short story. Both the global point of view and the perspectives of Hispano-American authors Horacio Quiroga, Julio Cortázar and Jorge Luis Borges are considered. In addition, this work describes Argentinean society at the turn of the 19th into the 20th century, the society being the main period of Arlt's pieces. The context of the literature in Buenos Aires in the 1920s and 1930s is also described to introduce the writer's position among his contemporaries. A brief introduction of Roberto Arlt's biography and writings is included as background. All of these factors are addressed in the analysis of the short stories "The Little Hunchback" and "Ester Primavera." The analysis is targeted at the style and method used to create the short stories and about the acts and life situations of its characters. Arlt's integration of lower social class and colloquial language in literature, his interest in the individual existence, and the gradual elimination of the boundary between reality and fiction, inspired many writers of the following generation.

C’est un étude entre le poème et la toile, un jeu de rapport mental où l’artiste Roberto Matta Echaurren s’invente à soi même. Il était l’artiste qui a beaucoup influencé la dernière phase du surréalisme post-guerre. Il était aussi un peintre, un penseur, un activiste et poète de lumière unique. Très tôt, formé en architectura, abandonne son pays natal (Chili) en 1936. À Paris, après travailler avec Le Corbusier, il s’intègre aux surréalistes, au groupe de Breton. D’abord, cet étude propose situer les bases de ce mouvement, par la vie et oeuvre de cet artiste, en analysant la phase de l’exil du surréalisme en les Amériques. Les impacts qui sont provoqués Ernst, Tanguy, Masson, Dalí, Mirò et Lam, par exemple, furent de la majeur importance en touchant beaucoups des jeunes artistes. Dans le cas de Matta, son influence sera fortement marquée sur la génération qui comprendra plus tard The School of New York, parmi eux, Pollock, Mothewell et Gorky. Voilà la poétique de Matta, son art espacial, leur dynamique du voir et les idées du verbe. Avec lui, on aurait plusiers explosions nucléaire sur leurs toiles, après les cubistes, fauvistes et post-impressionistes. Matta apparaît comme une explosion volcanique en créeant des nouvelles structures multidimensionnelles. Donc, cet’étude marque les différentes phases de la production de l’artiste jusqu’à sa mort en 2002. Quelques oeuvres plus importantes, chargées de titres poétiques, nous laissent traces profondes dans l’histoire de l’art contemporain. / Este é um estudo entre o poema e a tela pintada, um jogo de relações mentais, onde o artista Roberto Matta Echaurren se inventa a si próprio. Artista que muito influenciou a ultima fase do surrealismo pós-guerra. Foi um pintor, um pensador, ativista e poeta de luz própria. Bem cedo se forma em arquitetura, deixa seu país natal (Chile) em 1936. Em Paris, depois de trabalhar com Le Corbusier, se integra aos surrealistas, ao grupo de Breton. Este presente estudo se propõe situar às bases do surrealismo, através e da vida e obra deste artista, analisar a trajetória do exílio deste movimento nas Américas. O impacto que alguns surrealistas vão ter, como Ernst, Tanguy, Dalí, Masson, Miró e Lam, estes influenciarão muitos jovens artistas do continente. O caso de Matta exercerá forte influencia sobre a geração que virá mais tarde: The School of New York, entre eles, Pollock, Motherwell e Gorky. A poética de Matta se consolida a partir da arte espacial à dinâmica do ver e as idéias do verbo. Assim, através deles, haverá novas explosões nucleares em suas telas, precedida pelos cubistas, fauvistas e pós-impressionistas. Matta surge como a explosão vulcânica, criando novas estruturas multidimensionais. Este estudo marca as diferentes fases da produção do artista até sua morte em 2002. Algumas de suas obras mais importantes carregam títulos poéticos, deixando assim, pistas profundas na história da arte contemporânea.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T19:32:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Wanderson Fabio de Melo.pdf: 2942809 bytes, checksum: 703e844b106e57249820e1d938f62119 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present work study the production of Roberto Campos, and Fernando Henrique Cardoso through immanent analysis. The hypothesis is that Roberto Campos expressed the position of financial and commercial sectors of the Brazilian bourgeoisie. While Fernando Henrique Cardoso of the groups represented industrial capitalists. In this case, the thesis rising up about the four chapters. At first, we study the involvement of Cardoso and Campos in institutional politic, the making their politics campaign to Congress, their programs, and the relation of social class into this. Still in this chapter, iscussing the intellectual of Roberto Campos in the brazilian economy after the Second World War. And Fernando Henrique Cardoso s in the making "restricted marxism" in the Social Sciences in Brazil. The second chapter, will discuss the position of Campos and Cardoso about the politic movement by "Eleições Diretas-Já," the social class and political forces at the end of military dictatorship and change of the form of bourgeois power of autocracy. In the third chapter, passes to the study of elaborations on capitalism present in the author s work. It point out Roberto Campos s agreement with the genesis of capitalism since of averice, but besides, the process to modern at the moment from subordination to financial foreing capital. About the point of view of Cardoso, we can observe a concept of slavery-mercantile capitalism and the society "patriarchal patrimonial" to explain the social trajectory and economic of coutry and to defend the modernization. It points out the different between the authors, but we can note the theoric nucleus in the work of Max Weber sociologist. To finish, the fourth chapter analyzes the propositions on the Computer Law of Brazil in 80 s of the twentieth century in the Senate debate. The sources for this research were the articles of press, in scientific journals, books and speech s Congress / O presente trabalho estuda a produção de Roberto Campos e de Fernando Henrique Cardoso por meio da análise imanente. A hipótese é que Roberto Campos expressou o posicionamento dos setores financeiros e comerciais da burguesia brasileira, enquanto Fernando Henrique Cardoso representou parte dos grupos capitalistas industriais. Neste sentido, a tese se desenvolve em torno de quatro capítulos. No primeiro, estuda-se o engajamento de Cardoso e de Campos na política institucional, a construção de suas campanhas políticas ao Senado Federal, os seus programas e as relações de forças sociais envolvidas nesses processos. Ainda neste capítulo, discute-se o decurso intelectual de Roberto Campos no debate econômico brasileiro do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial e a trajetória de Fernando Henrique Cardoso na construção do marxismo adstringido nas Ciências Humanas no Brasil. No segundo capítulo, problematiza-se as posições de Campos e Cardoso sobre o movimento pelas Eleições Diretas-Já , as forças sociais e políticas no final da ditadura militar e o remodelamento da forma de poder da autocracia burguesa. No terceiro capítulo, passa-se ao estudo das elaborações sobre o capitalismo presente nas obras dos autores. Situa-se o entendimento de Roberto Campos sobre a gênese do capitalismo a partir da usura, ademais, o processo de modernização se construiria a partir da subordinação ao capital financeiro internacional. Sobre a visão de Cardoso, observa-se o conceito de capitalismo mercantil-escravista e a sociedade patrimonialista patriarcal a fim de explicar a trajetória social e econômica do país e advogar a modernização. Pontua-se as diferenças entre os autores, mas se nota o núcleo teórico embasado nos trabalhos do sociólogo Max Weber. Por fim, no quarto capítulo, analisa-se as proposições sobre a Lei de Informática do Brasil dos anos 80 do século XX dos senadores em debate. As fontes para esta pesquisa foram os artigos na imprensa, nas revistas científicas, livros e os pronunciamentos no Senado Federal