El presente trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio el libro de cuentos Hojas de mi álbum (1903) del escritor peruano José Antonio Román. Mediante el análisis de tres relatos y el prólogo del libro nos proponemos analizar tanto la propuesta estético-ideológica de la obra, como el diálogo tensional que plantea frente a los imaginarios decadentistas del periodo, sobre todo en lo tocante a las crisis de las masculinidades y los imaginarios sociosexuales hegemónicos. A través del estudio del prefacio del libro, “La linterna japonesa”, “Ensueños de absintio” y “Atavismo”, ahondamos en el tipo de masculinidad que propone Román, el cual estaría basado en la pérdida de autoridad, la marginación y el fracaso. En estos relatos, el autor crea universos de sentido donde los protagonistas son sujetos que se saben excluidos y sufren los fracasos de sus proyectos. Asimismo, nos interesa ahondar en la forma en que Román dialoga, adopta y adapta los imaginarios sobre el arte y el artista, el mal y la mujer enferma, entendidos como angulares en el ideario decadentista del entre siglos. Para ello, leemos a Román en diálogo con las propuestas de Clemente Palma, sobre todo en lo tocante a la estetización del tropo del mal, y con las de Zoila Aurora Cáceres (La rosa muerta, 1914), conocidas por el tratamiento singular y contestatario de la enfermedad femenina en el marco de los discursos estéticos e ideológicos del periodo. Este gesto se propone dos objetivos correlacionados: complejizar el mapa del ideario modernista - decadentista del Perú del entre siglos y reinsertar a Román y su obra en los circuitos y diálogos estético-ideológicos de los que ha sido excluido, dado su silenciamiento por parte de la tradición crítica.

La presente investigación analiza, a partir de la percepción de ocho periodistas deportivas peruanas, la evolución de su participación en el periodismo deportivo peruano en los últimos diez años; ello debido a la escasa presencia de periodistas en roles como comentaristas, productoras, narradoras, a comparación de sus colegas masculinos. Este análisis se llevó a cabo mediante entrevistas a profundidad realizadas a un grupo de ocho mujeres periodistas que se encuentren laborando en un medio de comunicación deportivo durante la última década, en diversos formatos, tales como prensa escrita, televisión, radio o plataformas digitales. Como resultado de este análisis se identificó cuatro categorías emergentes producto de las entrevistas realizadas: 1) Trayectoria Profesional, en donde se exploró la experiencia laboral de las periodistas, logros, desafíos, obstáculos y evolución en el ámbito deportivo; 2) Oportunidad Laboral, se analizó las dificultades para acceder a puestos laborales, equidad salarial y factores que influyen en su progreso profesional; 3) Equidad de Género, se detalló las percepciones y experiencias de las periodistas, identificando obstáculos y avances hacia una igualdad de oportunidades; 4) Acceso y relación con las fuentes, se analizó el acceso a entrevistas, diferencias en el trato, prejuicios y restricciones debido a su género. A través de esta investigación se concluyó que, a partir de la percepción de las ocho entrevistadas, la participación de las mujeres ha aumentado significativamente en la última década, el cual se atribuye a una mayor conciencia sobre la igualdad de género y la presencia creciente de mujeres en roles de liderazgo en los medios de comunicación. / This research analyses, based on the perception of eight Peruvian female sports journalists, the evolution of their participation in Peruvian sports journalism in the last ten years; this is due to the scarce presence of female journalists in roles such as commentators, producers, narrators, compared to their male colleagues. This analysis was carried out through in-depth interviews with a group of eight women journalists who have been working in a sports media during the last decade, in different formats, such as written press, television, radio or digital platform. As a result of this analysis, four emerging categories were identified as a result of the interviews conducted: 1) Professional Trayectory, where the journalists‘ work experience, achievements, challenges, obstacles and evolution in the sports field were explored; 2) Job Opportunity, the difficulties in accessing jobs, salary equity and factors influencing their professional progress were analysed; 3) Gender Equity, the journalists’ perceptions and experiences were detailed, identifying obstacles and progress towards equal opportunities; 4) Access and relationship with sources, access to interviews, differences in treatment, prejudices and restrictions due to their gender were analysed. Through this research it was concluded that, based on the perception of the eight interviewees, women's participation has increased significantly in the last decade, which is attributed to a greater awareness of gender equality and the growing presence of women in leadership roles in the media.

Introduction : La Vitamine A (rétinol, ROL) et son métabolite l’acide rétinoïque (AR) sont essentielles pour l’embryogénèse. L’excès comme l’insuffisance d’AR sont nocives. L’AR est régularisé dans l’embryon par des gènes spécifiques (ALDH, CRABP, CYP). Hypothèse : Les grandes variations d’AR dans le plasma des adultes normaux, nous ont orienté à mesurer les rétinoïdes (ROL et RA) dans le sang de cordon ombilical, pour évaluer des corrélations avec des polymorphismes des gènes impliquées dans le métabolisme de l’AR et le développement rénal-(RALDH2, CRABP2, CYP26A1; B1). Vérifier pour des corrélations entre ces rétinoïdes et/ou avec la taille de reins à la naissance. Méthodes : Extraction du ROL et RA du sang de cordon ombilical de 145 enfants et analyse par HPLC. Le volume des reins a été mesuré par ultrasonographie et l’ADN génomique leucocytaire extrait (FlexiGene DNA-Kit). 10 échantillons d’ADN ont été exclus (qualité). Les htSNP : ALDH1A2, CRABP2, CYP26A1;B1 du génome humain (HapMap) ont été séquencés et génotypés (Sequenom iPlex PCR).Des testes bio-statistiques des fréquences génotypiques et alléliques ont été effectués (Single-Locus, χ2, Kruskal-Wallis, Allelic-Exact).Des corrélations (ROL, RA, SNPs, V-reins) ont été analysés (Kendall-tau /Oakes). Résultats : La Δ RA (0.07-550.27 nmol/l) non corrélé avec la Δ ROL (51.39-3892.70 nmol/l). Il n’y a pas d’association ROL ou RA avec les volumes des reins ou avec les SNPs/ CYP21A1;B1. Corrélations trouvées : 1. (p=0.035), polymorphisme génétique ALDH1A2-SNP (rs12591551:A/C) hétérozygote/CA, (25enfants, 19%) avec moyennes d’AR (62.21nmol/l). 2. (p=0.013), polymorphisme CRABP2-SNP (rs12724719:A/G) homozygote/AA (4 enfants, 3%) avec hautes valeurs moyennes d’AR (141,3 nmol/l). Discussion-Conclusion : Les grandes ΔRA suggèrent une variabilité génique individuelle du métabolisme de ROL. Les génotypes (CA)-ALDH1A2/ SNP (rs12591551:A/C) et (AA) -CRABP2/SNP (rs12724719:A/G) sont associés à des valeurs moyennes hautes d’AR, pouvant protéger l’embryogénèse lors d’une hypovitaminose A maternelle. / Introduction: Vitamin A (retinol, ROL) modulate the embryogenesis thorough RA, its metabolite. Excess or deficiency being pathologic, the RA is tight regulated in the embryo thorough specific genes (ALDH, CRABP, CYP, etc.) important for Vitamin A metabolism. Hypothesis: High RA variations in healthy adults plasma, oriented to ROL, RA evaluation in human cord blood, in regard of possible correlations with polymorphisms of genes involved in RA metabolism and kidney development (RALDH2, CRABP2, CYP26A1,B1). Correlations between ROL and RA and/or with birth kidney size might also occur. Methods: Cord blood ROL and RA were extracted and HPLC analysed, from 145 Montreal healthy newborns. Kidney volumes already measured by ultrasonography. Genomic leucocytary DNA extraction was performed with FlexiGene DNA-Kit. 10 samples excluded (DNA quality). htSNP choices: ALDH1A2, CRABP2, CYP26A1;B1 were made on HapMap human genome. Sequencing, genotyping (Sequenom iPlex PCR) was made for these genes eventual SNPs. Biostatistics tests for genotype and allelic frequencies (Single-Locus, χ2, Kruskal-Wallis, Allelic-Exact) and Kendall-tau /Oakes analysis for eventual ROL, RA, SNPs, V-reins correlations, were performed. Results: No correlation found between Δ RA (0.07-550.27 nmol/L) and Δ ROL (51.39-3892.70 nmol/L). No association ROL or RA with kidney volumes nor with SNPs/ CYP21A1;B1. Found correlations: 1. (p=0.035), polymorphism ALDH1A2-SNP (rs12591551:A/C) heterozygous/CA, (25babies, 19%) with RA (mean ~62.21nmol/L). 2. (p=0.013), polymorphism CRABP2-SNP (rs12724719: A/G) homozygous/AA (4babies, 3%) with RA (mean~141, 3 nmol/L). Discussion/Conclusion: Big Δ RA not correlated with Δ ROL suggests individual genetic variance on RA metabolism. Genotypes (CA)-ALDH1A2/SNP (rs12591551:A/C) and (AA)-CRABP2/SNP (rs12724719: A/G) are associated with high cord blood RA mean and may be embryogenesis protective in a maternal hypovitaminosis-A, environment.

RÉSUMÉ: Introduction : La Vitamine A (rétinol, ROL) et son métabolite l’acide rétinoïque (AR) sont essentielles pour l’embryogénèse. L’excès comme l’insuffisance d’AR sont nocives. L’AR est régularisé dans l’embryon par des gènes spécifiques (ALDH, CRABP, CYP). Hypothèse : Les grandes variations d’AR dans le plasma des adultes normaux, nous ont orienté à mesurer les rétinoïdes (ROL et RA) dans le sang de cordon ombilical, pour évaluer des corrélations avec des polymorphismes des gènes impliquées dans le métabolisme de l’AR et le développement rénal-(RALDH2, CRABP2, CYP26A1; B1). Vérifier pour des corrélations entre ces rétinoïdes et/ou avec la taille de reins à la naissance. Méthodes : Extraction du ROL et RA du sang de cordon ombilical de 145 enfants et analyse par HPLC. Le volume des reins a été mesuré par ultrasonographie et l’ADN génomique leucocytaire extrait (FlexiGene DNA-Kit). 10 échantillons d’ADN ont été exclus (qualité). Les htSNP : ALDH1A2, CRABP2, CYP26A1;B1 du génome humain (HapMap) ont été séquencés et génotypés (Sequenom iPlex PCR).Des testes bio-statistiques des fréquences génotypiques et alléliques ont été effectués (Single-Locus, χ2, Kruskal-Wallis, Allelic-Exact).Des corrélations (ROL, RA, SNPs, V-reins) ont été analysés (Kendall-tau /Oakes). Résultats : La Δ RA (0.07-550.27 nmol/l) non corrélé avec la Δ ROL (51.39-3892.70 nmol/l). Il n’y a pas d’association ROL ou RA avec les volumes des reins ou avec les SNPs/ CYP21A1;B1. Corrélations trouvées : 1. (p=0.035), polymorphisme génétique ALDH1A2-SNP (rs12591551:A/C) hétérozygote/CA, (25enfants, 19%) avec moyennes d’AR (62.21nmol/l). 2. (p=0.013), polymorphisme CRABP2-SNP (rs12724719:A/G) homozygote/AA (4 enfants, 3%) avec hautes valeurs moyennes d’AR (141,3 nmol/l). Discussion-Conclusion : Les grandes ΔRA suggèrent une variabilité génique individuelle du métabolisme de ROL. Les génotypes (CA)-ALDH1A2/ SNP (rs12591551:A/C) et (AA) -CRABP2/SNP (rs12724719:A/G) sont associés à des valeurs moyennes hautes d’AR, pouvant protéger l’embryogénèse lors d’une hypovitaminose A maternelle. Mots clé: sang de cordon ombilical, ROL-rétinol, AR-acide rétinoïque, HPLC, SNP- polymorphisme, ALDH1A2, CRABP2, CYP26A1,développement rénal,embryogénèse. / ABSTRACT Introduction: Vitamin A (retinol, ROL) modulate the embryogenesis thorough RA, its metabolite. Excess or deficiency being pathologic, the RA is tight regulated in the embryo thorough specific genes (ALDH, CRABP, CYP, etc.) important for Vitamin A metabolism. Hypothesis: High RA variations in healthy adults plasma, oriented to ROL, RA evaluation in human cord blood, in regard of possible correlations with polymorphisms of genes involved in RA metabolism and kidney development (RALDH2, CRABP2, CYP26A1,B1). Correlations between ROL and RA and/or with birth kidney size might also occur. Methods: Cord blood ROL and RA were extracted and HPLC analysed, from 145 Montreal healthy newborns. Kidney volumes already measured by ultrasonography. Genomic leucocytary DNA extraction was performed with FlexiGene DNA-Kit. 10 samples excluded (DNA quality). htSNP choices: ALDH1A2, CRABP2, CYP26A1;B1 were made on HapMap human genome. Sequencing, genotyping (Sequenom iPlex PCR) was made for these genes eventual SNPs. Biostatistics tests for genotype and allelic frequencies (Single-Locus, χ2, Kruskal-Wallis, Allelic-Exact) and Kendall-tau /Oakes analysis for eventual ROL, RA, SNPs, V-reins correlations, were performed. Results: No correlation found between Δ RA (0.07-550.27 nmol/L) and Δ ROL (51.39-3892.70 nmol/L). No association ROL or RA with kidney volumes nor with SNPs/ CYP21A1;B1. Found correlations: 1. (p=0.035), polymorphism ALDH1A2-SNP (rs12591551:A/C) heterozygous/CA, (25babies, 19%) with RA (mean ~62.21nmol/L). 2. (p=0.013), polymorphism CRABP2-SNP (rs12724719: A/G) homozygous/AA (4babies, 3%) with RA (mean~141, 3 nmol/L). Discussion/Conclusion: Big Δ RA not correlated with Δ ROL suggests individual genetic variance on RA metabolism. Genotypes (CA)-ALDH1A2/SNP (rs12591551:A/C) and (AA)-CRABP2/SNP (rs12724719: A/G) are associated with high cord blood RA mean and may be embryogenesis protective in a maternal hypovitaminosis-A, environment. Key words: umbilical cord blood, ROL-retinol, AR-retinoic acid, HPLC, SNP- polymorphism, ALDH1A2, CRABP2, CYP26A1,kidney development,embryogenesis. / Note d'excellence 10%: « Le Jury, à l'unanimité, juge ce mémoire excellent et le classe parmi les 10% des mémoires de la discipline » - selon le Rapport définitif du jury d'éxamen d'un mémoire de maîtrise.

Esta tesis tiene como objetivo, desde la sociedad civil, acercarse y comprender a un grupo de mujeres de escasos recursos en un escenario específico donde ellas asisten con el fin de desarrollar sus capacidades, generar un autoempleo, buscar autonomía y lograr sus aspiraciones. Tomando en cuenta que, al mismo tiempo, estas mujeres dedican gran parte de su tiempo a los cuidados familiares y labores domésticas, pese a ello, buscan consolidarse haciendo suyas las oportunidades que le ofrece la sociedad civil, en medio de un entorno de dificultades, donde ellas logran el fortalecimiento de su autoestima y empoderamiento en un proceso de autodescubrimiento. A partir de una muestra de 11 mujeres de la comunidad de Nievería, madres de familias y estudiantes a la vez, esta investigación, además, busca despertar la atención de la sociedad y de la esfera estatal para que de manera conjunta contribuyan a una sociedad más igualitaria, más justa y con mejores oportunidades para todas ellas. Como pregunta eje de esta investigación, reflexionamos acerca ¿de qué manera la configuración de los roles del cuidado familiar y labores domésticas influyen en la generación de capacidades de mujeres urbanas en situación de pobreza? Para responder esta interrogante nos valdremos de entrevistas realizadas a 11 mujeres cuidadoras estudiantes en situación de pobreza de Nievería, distrito de Lurigancho-Chosica y el proceso que significó adoptar roles y capacidades diferentes a las que la tradición social imponía / This thesis under Amartya Sen's capability development approach aims to approach and understand a group of women with limited resources who attend a specific scenario in order to develop their skills, create self-employment, foster autonomy, and achieve their goals. Despite the fact that these women devote a large part of their time to family care and domestic chores, they seek to establish themselves by taking on the opportunities offered by civil society, in the midst of an environment of difficulties, where they achieve the strengthening of their self-esteem and empowerment in a process of selfdiscovery. Based on a sample of 11 women from the community of Nievería, mothers and students at the same time, this research also seeks to awaken the attention of society and government to jointly contribute to a more inclusive, fair society with better opportunities for all of them. As a central question of this research, we reflect on how the configuration of the roles of family care and domestic work influences the generation of capabilities of urban women living in poverty. To answer this question, we will interview 11 womencaregivers- students in poverty of Nievería in the district of Lurigancho-Chosica and explore the process of setting up roles and developing skills different from those imposed by social tradition / Tesis

Este estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar a dimensão gerencial do processo de trabalho do enfermeiro em um serviço hospitalar de emergência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso com base no referencial teórico dos estudos sobre processo de trabalho em saúde, processo de trabalho gerencial do enfermeiro e gerenciamento do cuidado. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e setembro de 2009, por meio de observação participante e entrevista semi-estruturada com enfermeiros do Serviço de Emergência de um Hospital Universitário do Rio Grande do Sul – RS, Brasil. O material empírico foi analisado segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática, a partir da qual se constituíram quatro categorias: 1) O trabalho dos enfermeiros no cotidiano do serviço de emergência; 2) Atuação dos enfermeiros no gerenciamento do cuidado; 3) Articulação entre os profissionais e trabalho em equipe; e, 4) Desafios no gerenciamento do cuidado e estratégias para superá-los. O trabalho dos enfermeiros no serviço de emergência é constantemente influenciado por situações inesperadas e pela procura por atendimento, que variam em diversidade e complexidade. A dimensão gerencial do trabalho do enfermeiro tem como foco o atendimento às necessidades dos pacientes e contempla a realização e o planejamento do cuidado, a previsão e provisão de recursos para o bom funcionamento da unidade e a liderança, supervisão e capacitação da equipe de enfermagem. Os enfermeiros reconhecem a importância do trabalho em equipe e sua responsabilidade na articulação das ações dos profissionais de saúde. A superlotação e manutenção da qualidade do cuidado são os principais desafios gerenciais dos enfermeiros. As estratégias para superá-los incluem mudanças no fluxo de atendimento dos pacientes e na estrutura física da unidade e a reorganização do sistema de saúde para a atenção às urgências. Esses resultados podem colaborar com o trabalho dos enfermeiros possibilitando que discutam e reflitam sobre suas práticas e avancem na compreensão do gerenciamento do cuidado como instrumento para a melhoria da assistência e das práticas de atenção à saúde nos serviços de emergência. / The purpose of this study was to analyze the managerial dimension of the nurse work in a hospital emergency service. It is a qualitative research approached as a case study based on the theoretical referent of the studies on the working process in health, managerial working process, and care management. The data were collected between June and September 2009 through participant observation and semi-structured interview with nurses of the Emergency Service of a University Hospital of Rio Grande do Sul – RS, Brazil. The empirical material has been analyzed according to theme content analysis, from which four categories had been set: 1) Nurse work in the quotidian of emergency service; 2) Care management; 3) Articulation among professionals and team work; and, 4) Challenges for care management and strategies to overcome them. The work of nurses in emergency services is constantly influenced by unexpected situations and the great search of people to be attended to; which varies in diversity and complexity. The managerial dimension of nurse‟s work focuses in the fulfillment of patients' needs and contemplates the accomplishment and care planning, prevision, provision of resources for the unit; as well as the leadership, supervision, and training of nursing team. Nurses recognize the importance of team work and their responsibility in joining health professional actions. Overcrowding and quality of care are the main challenges nurses face in managing care. The strategies to overcome them include changes in the flow of patients and physical structure of the unit and reorganization of the health system for emergency attention. These results might collaborate with the work of nurses enabling those professionals to discuss and reflect on their practices and advance in the comprehension of care management as a tool for assistance improvement and of the practices in health attention in emergency services. / Este estudio tuvo como objetivo general analizar la dimensión gerencial del proceso de trabajo del enfermero en un servicio hospitalario de emergencia. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa de tipo estudio de caso basada en el marco teórico de los estudios sobre proceso de trabajo en salud, proceso de trabajo gerencial del enfermero y gerenciamiento del cuidado. Se recolectaron los datos entre junio y septiembre de 2009, por medio de observación participante y entrevista semi-estructurada con enfermeros del Servicio de Emergencia de un Hospital Universitario del Rio Grande do Sul – RS, Brasil. Se analizó el material empírico según la técnica del análisis temático de contenido, a partir del cual se establecieron cuatro categorías: 1) El trabajo de los enfermeros en el cotidiano del servicio de emergencia; 2) Atuacción de los enfermeros en lo gerenciamiento del cuidado; 3) Articulación entre los profesionales y trabajo en equipo; y, 4) Retos en el gerenciamiento del cuidado y estrategias para superarlos. El trabajo de los enfermeros en el servicio de emergencia recibe frecuentemente la influencia de situaciones inesperadas y de la gran búsqueda por atención, que varían en diversidad y complejidad. La dimensión gerencial del trabajo del enfermero tiene como foco la atención a las necesidades de los pacientes y comprende la realización y la planificación del cuidado, la previsión y la disposición de recursos para el buen funcionamiento de la unidad y el liderazgo, supervisión y capacitación del equipo de enfermería. Los enfermeros reconocen la importancia del trabajo en equipo y su responsabilidad en la articulación de las acciones de los profesionales de salud. La superpoblación de la unidad y la manutención de la calidad del cuidado son los principales retos de los enfermeros en su gerencia. Las estrategias para transponerlos incluyen cambios en el flujo de atención a los pacientes y en la estructura física de la unidad y la reorganización del sistema de salud para la atención a las urgencias. Esos resultados pueden colaborar con el trabajo de los enfermeros permitiendo que discutan y reflexionen sus prácticas, avanzando en la comprensión de la gerencia del cuidado como una herramienta para la mejora de la asistencia y de las prácticas de atención a la salud en los servicios de emergencia.

En el marc ampli de les teories audiovisuals, aquesta tesi doctoral aborda les relacions entre identitat, narració i videojocs des de la perspectiva de l'antropologia cultural, de les teories narratològiques en cinema i literatura i de la ludologia. Es proposa la figura teòrica del jugador implicat per explicar el tipus de relació entre el jugador i el seu personatge, en relació amb la construcció d'un relat identitari. En aquest sentit, es relaciona la idea de marcs d'experiència amb la de nivells narratius i narradors. El model teòric i metodològic resultant s'aplica a l'estudi de cas de dos videojocs: Silent Hill 2, un survival horror monousuari, i Espai8, un joc de rol en línia massiu i multiusuari. / En el marco amplio de las teorias audiovisuales, esta tesis doctoral aborda las relaciones entre identidad, narración y videojuego desde la perspectiva de la antropología cultural, de las teorías narratológicas en cine y literatura y de la ludología. Se propone la figura teórica del jugador implicado para explicar el tipo de relación entre el jugador y su personaje, en relación con la construcción de un relato identitario. En este sentido, se relaciona la idea de marcos de experiencia con la de niveles narrativos y narradores. El modelo teórico y metodológico resultante se aplica al estudio de caso de dos videojuegos: Silent Hill 2, un survival horror monousuario y Espai8, un juego de rol en línea masivo y multijugador. / In the wide framework of audiovisual theories, this PhD. thesis undertakes the relation between identity, narrative and videogames from the point of view of cultural anthropology, of narratological theories in cinema and literature and of ludology. We propound the theoretical figure of the implied player connected with the construction of a discourse of the self-identity. In this sense, we connect the idea of frames of experience with the idea of narrative levels and narrators. The resulting theoretical and methodological model it’s applied to the study case of two video games: Silent Hill 2, a singleplayer survival horror, and Espai8, a massively multiplayer online rol-playing game.

Career success has become one of the most central issues in the 21st century as the nature of careers has undergone major changes over the past two decades. The change in perception that has taken place in terms of the nature of work has led to increased uncertainty about career development as a construct and as a practice. Career success has therefore become not only of interest and concern for individuals, but also a priority to organisations as the realisation of employees’ personal goals and success can eventually contribute to the realisation of the organisation’s goals and successes. Therefore the general objective of this study was to explore the experience and conceptualisation of career success among South African executives. This study utilised a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach to investigate executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success. A non-probability purposive, voluntary sample of 24 participants was drawn from two seperate international financial organisations with offices located in Johannesburg. The data collection process was performed through semi-structured individual interviews and the verbatim transcriptions that were captured from these interviews, were analysed using content analysis. The twelve main themes that were extracted from the interviews are set out as follow: general conceptualisation of career success; executives’ personal meaning associated with career success; transformation of perceptions; future goals of executives; factor’s influencing executives’ career success; personality attributes related to career success; contributing factors to the career success of executives; hindering factors in career success; potential for experiencing turnover intention; consequences of career success; role of the organisation; and prerequisites for career success. It is crucial that organisations be made more aware of the significance of executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success (as highlighted within this research).This is especially the case when considering future career and succession planning and mapping. Organisations should be familiar with the potential influencing and hindering factors (e.g. lack of opportunities, lack of support, organisational culture, etc.). They should be prepared to address the adverse impact that these factors could have as obstacles to employees and particularly for executives to attain career success. If these hindrances are not addressed it could lead to increased job dissatisfaction and consequently increased turnover intention. They should also be alert to the contributing factors and other factors conducive to career development (e.g. support and buy-in from organisation, or being given challenges and opportunities) that facilitate career success. By providing an environment that helps career development along, the experiece of career success is increased. This can lead to various positive outcomes, such as increased job performance, organisational commitment, employee engagement, career satisfaction and talent retention. Talent retention is particularly important as one can gather from the data collected among the executives. Thus, in order to retain them as valuable employees, it is crucial to address and fulfil their career needs accordingly. / Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Career success has become one of the most central issues in the 21st century as the nature of careers has undergone major changes over the past two decades. The change in perception that has taken place in terms of the nature of work has led to increased uncertainty about career development as a construct and as a practice. Career success has therefore become not only of interest and concern for individuals, but also a priority to organisations as the realisation of employees’ personal goals and success can eventually contribute to the realisation of the organisation’s goals and successes. Therefore the general objective of this study was to explore the experience and conceptualisation of career success among South African executives. This study utilised a qualitative research design with an exploratory approach to investigate executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success. A non-probability purposive, voluntary sample of 24 participants was drawn from two seperate international financial organisations with offices located in Johannesburg. The data collection process was performed through semi-structured individual interviews and the verbatim transcriptions that were captured from these interviews, were analysed using content analysis. The twelve main themes that were extracted from the interviews are set out as follow: general conceptualisation of career success; executives’ personal meaning associated with career success; transformation of perceptions; future goals of executives; factor’s influencing executives’ career success; personality attributes related to career success; contributing factors to the career success of executives; hindering factors in career success; potential for experiencing turnover intention; consequences of career success; role of the organisation; and prerequisites for career success. It is crucial that organisations be made more aware of the significance of executives’ conceptualisation and experience of career success (as highlighted within this research).This is especially the case when considering future career and succession planning and mapping. Organisations should be familiar with the potential influencing and hindering factors (e.g. lack of opportunities, lack of support, organisational culture, etc.). They should be prepared to address the adverse impact that these factors could have as obstacles to employees and particularly for executives to attain career success. If these hindrances are not addressed it could lead to increased job dissatisfaction and consequently increased turnover intention. They should also be alert to the contributing factors and other factors conducive to career development (e.g. support and buy-in from organisation, or being given challenges and opportunities) that facilitate career success. By providing an environment that helps career development along, the experiece of career success is increased. This can lead to various positive outcomes, such as increased job performance, organisational commitment, employee engagement, career satisfaction and talent retention. Talent retention is particularly important as one can gather from the data collected among the executives. Thus, in order to retain them as valuable employees, it is crucial to address and fulfil their career needs accordingly. / Thesis (MCom (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Este estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar a dimensão gerencial do processo de trabalho do enfermeiro em um serviço hospitalar de emergência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso com base no referencial teórico dos estudos sobre processo de trabalho em saúde, processo de trabalho gerencial do enfermeiro e gerenciamento do cuidado. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e setembro de 2009, por meio de observação participante e entrevista semi-estruturada com enfermeiros do Serviço de Emergência de um Hospital Universitário do Rio Grande do Sul – RS, Brasil. O material empírico foi analisado segundo a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática, a partir da qual se constituíram quatro categorias: 1) O trabalho dos enfermeiros no cotidiano do serviço de emergência; 2) Atuação dos enfermeiros no gerenciamento do cuidado; 3) Articulação entre os profissionais e trabalho em equipe; e, 4) Desafios no gerenciamento do cuidado e estratégias para superá-los. O trabalho dos enfermeiros no serviço de emergência é constantemente influenciado por situações inesperadas e pela procura por atendimento, que variam em diversidade e complexidade. A dimensão gerencial do trabalho do enfermeiro tem como foco o atendimento às necessidades dos pacientes e contempla a realização e o planejamento do cuidado, a previsão e provisão de recursos para o bom funcionamento da unidade e a liderança, supervisão e capacitação da equipe de enfermagem. Os enfermeiros reconhecem a importância do trabalho em equipe e sua responsabilidade na articulação das ações dos profissionais de saúde. A superlotação e manutenção da qualidade do cuidado são os principais desafios gerenciais dos enfermeiros. As estratégias para superá-los incluem mudanças no fluxo de atendimento dos pacientes e na estrutura física da unidade e a reorganização do sistema de saúde para a atenção às urgências. Esses resultados podem colaborar com o trabalho dos enfermeiros possibilitando que discutam e reflitam sobre suas práticas e avancem na compreensão do gerenciamento do cuidado como instrumento para a melhoria da assistência e das práticas de atenção à saúde nos serviços de emergência. / The purpose of this study was to analyze the managerial dimension of the nurse work in a hospital emergency service. It is a qualitative research approached as a case study based on the theoretical referent of the studies on the working process in health, managerial working process, and care management. The data were collected between June and September 2009 through participant observation and semi-structured interview with nurses of the Emergency Service of a University Hospital of Rio Grande do Sul – RS, Brazil. The empirical material has been analyzed according to theme content analysis, from which four categories had been set: 1) Nurse work in the quotidian of emergency service; 2) Care management; 3) Articulation among professionals and team work; and, 4) Challenges for care management and strategies to overcome them. The work of nurses in emergency services is constantly influenced by unexpected situations and the great search of people to be attended to; which varies in diversity and complexity. The managerial dimension of nurse‟s work focuses in the fulfillment of patients' needs and contemplates the accomplishment and care planning, prevision, provision of resources for the unit; as well as the leadership, supervision, and training of nursing team. Nurses recognize the importance of team work and their responsibility in joining health professional actions. Overcrowding and quality of care are the main challenges nurses face in managing care. The strategies to overcome them include changes in the flow of patients and physical structure of the unit and reorganization of the health system for emergency attention. These results might collaborate with the work of nurses enabling those professionals to discuss and reflect on their practices and advance in the comprehension of care management as a tool for assistance improvement and of the practices in health attention in emergency services. / Este estudio tuvo como objetivo general analizar la dimensión gerencial del proceso de trabajo del enfermero en un servicio hospitalario de emergencia. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa de tipo estudio de caso basada en el marco teórico de los estudios sobre proceso de trabajo en salud, proceso de trabajo gerencial del enfermero y gerenciamiento del cuidado. Se recolectaron los datos entre junio y septiembre de 2009, por medio de observación participante y entrevista semi-estructurada con enfermeros del Servicio de Emergencia de un Hospital Universitario del Rio Grande do Sul – RS, Brasil. Se analizó el material empírico según la técnica del análisis temático de contenido, a partir del cual se establecieron cuatro categorías: 1) El trabajo de los enfermeros en el cotidiano del servicio de emergencia; 2) Atuacción de los enfermeros en lo gerenciamiento del cuidado; 3) Articulación entre los profesionales y trabajo en equipo; y, 4) Retos en el gerenciamiento del cuidado y estrategias para superarlos. El trabajo de los enfermeros en el servicio de emergencia recibe frecuentemente la influencia de situaciones inesperadas y de la gran búsqueda por atención, que varían en diversidad y complejidad. La dimensión gerencial del trabajo del enfermero tiene como foco la atención a las necesidades de los pacientes y comprende la realización y la planificación del cuidado, la previsión y la disposición de recursos para el buen funcionamiento de la unidad y el liderazgo, supervisión y capacitación del equipo de enfermería. Los enfermeros reconocen la importancia del trabajo en equipo y su responsabilidad en la articulación de las acciones de los profesionales de salud. La superpoblación de la unidad y la manutención de la calidad del cuidado son los principales retos de los enfermeros en su gerencia. Las estrategias para transponerlos incluyen cambios en el flujo de atención a los pacientes y en la estructura física de la unidad y la reorganización del sistema de salud para la atención a las urgencias. Esos resultados pueden colaborar con el trabajo de los enfermeros permitiendo que discutan y reflexionen sus prácticas, avanzando en la comprensión de la gerencia del cuidado como una herramienta para la mejora de la asistencia y de las prácticas de atención a la salud en los servicios de emergencia.