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O atendimento do enfermeiro aos acidentados de tr?nsito terrestre / The nurse?s care for land transit casualtiesMaia, Rafaele Carla de Ara?jo 30 September 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-09-30 / Considerada a doen?a do s?culo XX, o trauma continua sendo a principal causa de
mortalidade na faixa et?ria de um a quarenta e quatro anos, no mundo, e dentre as
v?rias etiologias poss?veis, o acidente de tr?nsito terrestre tem forte impacto nestas
estat?sticas. A essencialidade operacional do enfermeiro na organiza??o e
integra??o deste cen?rio de atendimento aos acidentados de tr?nsito terrestre e o
reconhecimento que os instantes que sucedem o trauma s?o decisivos no
progn?stico da v?tima justificam este estudo. Assim, buscou-se avaliar o atendimento
do enfermeiro aos acidentados de tr?nsito terrestre neste processo crucial em um
hospital p?blico de refer?ncia em urg?ncia e emerg?ncia. Trata-se de estudo
avaliativo normativo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado no Hospital Monsenhor
Walfredo Gurgel, localizado no munic?pio de Natal/RN. A coleta de dados ocorreu
em maio/2014, com aprova??o do Comit? de ?tica em Pesquisa (CAAE
27971114.9.0000.5537). A popula??o alvo do estudo foram os enfermeiros que
atuam no setor de Politrauma, atendendo aos crit?rios de inclus?o: concordar em
fazer parte do estudo voluntariamente e atuar no setor mencionado e, como
exclus?o: profissionais alocados em outros setores (eventualmente atuando no
setor) e profissionais de f?rias e/ou licen?a m?dica. Realizou-se entrevista
semiestruturada e observa??o n?o participante para a obten??o dos dados
submetidos posteriormente ? t?cnica de An?lise de Conte?do ? luz de Bardin.
Identificou-se a falta de capacita??o espec?fica para o atendimento ao trauma, cuja
gravidade pode ser atenuada com assist?ncia adequada e h?bil. Evidenciou-se,
portanto, a prem?ncia do treinamento dos enfermeiros visando ? qualifica??o dos
atendimentos ?s v?timas de acidentes de tr?nsito terrestre / Considered the disease of the 20th century, the trauma is still the main cause of
mortality in the age group of one to forty-four years old in World, and among several
possible etiologies, the terrestrial transit accident has a strong impact on these
statistics. The operational essentiality of nurses in the organization and integration of
this scenario of care to the terrestrial transit casualties and the recognition that the
moments after the trauma are decisive in the victim's prognosis, justify this study.
Thus, it was sought to evaluate the nurses?care to casualties of land transit in this
crucial process in a public hospital in urgent and emergency reference. This is an
normative evaluative study with qualitative approach, carried out at the Hospital
Monsenhor Walfredo Gurgel, located in the municipality of Natal/RN. Data collection
occurred in May 2014, with approval of the Ethics Committee in Research (CAAE
27971114.9.0000.5537). The target population of the study were the nurses who
work in Politrauma area of the hospital, following the inclusion criteria: agree to be
part of the study voluntarily and act in the mentioned area and, as exclusion:
allocated professionals in other areas (eventually acting in the area) and
professionals on vacation and/or medical license. A semi-structured interview and
non-participant observation was held to obtain data submitted subsequently to the
technique of Content Analysis based on Bardin. The lack of specific training for
trauma care was identified, whose severity can be mitigated with proper and skilled
care. Therefore, the urgent need of the nurses' training for qualification of care to the
victims of traffic accidents on land was evidenced
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A simula??o real?stica como estrat?gica de ensino-aprendizagem em enfermagemCosta, Raphael Raniere de Oliveira 14 November 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-11-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / O estudo tem por objetivo analisar a metodologia da simula??o real?stica como
instrumento facilitador do processo de ensino aprendizagem em enfermagem, e
justifica-se pela possibilidade em propor condi??es que vislumbrem melhorias no
processo de forma??o na perspectiva de mensurar os impactos atribu?dos a novas
estrat?gias de ensino e aprendizagem nos espa?os formativos de sa?de e
enfermagem. Estudo descritivo com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, do tipo pesquisaa??o,
tendo foco no ensino a partir da simula??o real?stica em Enfermagem na
Aten??o B?sica em uma Institui??o de Ensino Superior P?blica. A pesquisa foi
desenvolvida na disciplina de Aten??o Integral a Sa?de II, esta ? ofertada no terceiro
ano do curso com a finalidade de preparar o acad?mico de enfermagem para o
cen?rio de Aten??o Prim?ria ? Sa?de. A popula??o do estudo constituiu-se por 40
sujeitos: 37 discentes e 3 docentes da referida disciplina. A coleta de dados
aconteceu no per?odo de fevereiro a maio de 2014, e deu-se por meio de
question?rios e entrevistas semiestruturados. Para tanto, seguiu-se a seguinte
sequencia: identifica??o do uso da simula??o na disciplina alvo da interven??o;
consulta a docentes sobre a possibilidade de execu??o da pesquisa; averigua??o da
ementa da disciplina, objetivos, compet?ncia e habilidades; elabora??o do esquema
de execu??o da interven??o; elabora??o do checklist para treinamento de
habilidades; constru??o e execu??o dos cen?rios de simula??o e avalia??o dos
cen?rios. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados a partir da estat?stica descritiva
simples, percentual, e os qualitativos atrav?s do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. A
simula??o de alta fidelidade foi inserida no componente curricular da disciplina
objeto da pesquisa, a partir do uso de paciente-padr?o. Foram criados e executados
3 casos. Na vis?o discente, a simula??o contribuiu para a s?ntese dos conte?dos
trabalhados durante a disciplina de aten??o integral a sa?de II (100%), atribuindo
notas entre 8 e 10 (100%) aos cen?rios executados. Al?m disso, a simula??o gerou
um percentual consider?vel de grandes expectativas para as atividades da disciplina
(70,27%) e tamb?m se mostrou como uma estrat?gia geradora de satisfa??o
discente (97,30%). Dos 97,30% que sinalizaram estarem bastante satisfeitos com as
atividades acad?micas proposta pela disciplina de Aten??o Integral a Sa?de II,
94,59% da amostra apontou a simula??o como um fator determinante para a
atribui??o dessa satisfa??o. Consoante, a simula??o ? percebida por 23,91% como
metodologia que proporciona uma viv?ncia pr?via da pr?tica. O nervosismo foi um
dos pontos negativos mais citados a partir da viv?ncia nos cen?rios simulados
(50,0%). O ponto positivo mais representativo (63,89%) perpassa a ideia de
aproxima??o com a realidade da Aten??o B?sica. Al?m disso, os docentes da
disciplina, no total de 3, foram capacitados na metodologia da simula??o. O estudo
ressaltou a contribui??o da simula??o real?stica no contexto do ensino e
aprendizagem em Enfermagem e evidenciou esta estrat?gia como mecanismo
gerador de expectativa e satisfa??o entre discente da gradua??o em Enfermagem / The study aims to examine the methodology of realistic simulation as facilitator of the
teaching-learning process in nursing, and is justified by the possibility to propose
conditions that envisage improvements in the training process with a view to assess
the impacts attributed to new teaching strategies and learning in the formative areas
of health and nursing. Descriptive study with quantitative and qualitative approach, as
action research, and focus on teaching from the realistic simulation of Nursing in
Primary Care in an institution of public higher education. . The research was
developed in the Comprehensive Care Health discipline II, this is offered in the third
year of the course in order to prepare the nursing student to the stage of Primary
Health Care The study population comprised 40 subjects: 37 students and 3 teachers
of that discipline. Data collection was held from February to May 2014 and was
performed by using questionnaires and semi structured interviews. To do so, we
followed the following sequence: identification of the use of simulation in the
discipline target of intervention; consultation with professors about the possibility of
implementing the survey; investigation of the syllabus of discipline, objectives, skills
and abilities; preparing the plan for the execution of the intervention; preparing the
checklist for skills training; construction and execution of simulation scenarios and
evaluation of scenarios. Quantitative data were analyzed using simple descriptive
statistics, percentage, and qualitative data through collective subject discourse. A
high fidelity simulation was inserted in the curriculum of the course of the research
object, based on the use of standard patient. Three cases were created and
executed. In the students? view, the simulation contributed to the synthesis of the
contents worked at Integral Health Care II discipline (100%), scoring between 8 and
10 (100%) to executed scenarios. In addition, the simulation has generated a
considerable percentage of high expectations for the activities of the discipline
(70.27%) and is also shown as a strategy for generating student satisfaction
(97.30%). Of the 97.30% that claimed to be quite satisfied with the activities
proposed by the academic discipline of Integral Health Care II, 94.59% of the sample
indicated the simulation as a determinant factor for the allocation of such gratification.
Regarding the students' perception about the strategy of simulation, the most
prominent category was the possibility of prior experience of practice (23.91%). The
nervousness was one of the most cited negative aspects from the experience in
simulated scenarios (50.0%). The most representative positive point (63.89%)
pervades the idea of approximation with the reality of Primary Care. In addition,
professors of the discipline, totaling 3, were trained in the methodology of the
simulation. The study highlighted the contribution of realistic simulation in the context
of teaching and learning in nursing and highlighted this strategy while mechanism to
generate expectation and satisfaction among undergraduate nursing students
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Acolhimento prescrito x real: uma an?lise sobre as rela??es entre trabalhadores e usu?rios na estrat?gia sa?de da fam?liaLopes, Adriana Santos 23 April 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-04-23 / O acolhimento vem sendo proposto como uma ferramenta que contribui para humanizar o
cuidado, ampliar o acesso dos usu?rios aos servi?os, garantir a resolutividade das
demandas, organizar os servi?os e promover o fortalecimento de v?nculos entre
profissionais e usu?rios. No munic?pio do Recife, esta pr?tica vem sendo incentivada pela
gest?o e sua implementa??o pautada em atos normativos, com matrizes de avalia??o e
proposi??o de metas, embasadas em um modelo pr?prio do munic?pio. Este estudo
objetivou analisar a rela??o entre o acolhimento prescrito e o acolhimento real, bem como
suas interfer?ncias nas rela??es de reciprocidade entre trabalhadores e usu?rios nas
unidades de sa?de da aten??o b?sica do Recife. Utilizou como campo de investiga??o
quatro unidades da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia do Distrito Sanit?rio IV do munic?pio
de Recife ? PE. A investiga??o teve um car?ter qualitativo e, para sua operacionaliza??o,
realizou entrevistas com profissionais e usu?rios, cujos discursos, foram gravados pelo
modo digital de voz e posteriormente transcritos manualmente, de forma literal. Os
discursos obtidos foram analisados, em grande parte, atrav?s da abordagem metodol?gica
do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC), sendo tamb?m utilizada, em menor escala, a
t?cnica da an?lise tem?tica, de forma dialogada, com aportes te?ricos e documentos
oficiais relacionados ao tema. Os resultados apontaram que, na maior parte das unidades
de sa?de, os profissionais executam os protocolos propostos e consideram que estes t?m
influ?ncia positiva para o processo de trabalho no acolhimento, No entanto, fatores como
demanda excessiva, estrutura f?sica das unidades, pouca resolutividade da rede de
refer?ncia, singularidades das unidades, entre outros, apareceram dificultando o
cumprimento do que foi prescrito e, desta forma gerando influ?ncia negativa sobre o
processo de trabalho do acolhimento. As rela??es rec?procas tamb?m sofreram influ?ncias
destes fatores, dificultando, assim, a circula??o de d?divas. Entretanto, outros fatores
como acesso, resolutividade, atitude acolhedora e responsabiliza??o, potencializaram as
trocas rec?procas entre profissionais e usu?rios. Os achados demandam que os atos
prescritivos e as rela??es rec?procas do acolhimento s?o diretamente influenciadas pelas
singularidades presentes nas comunidades, pelas variabilidades humanas e por fatores
ligados ? estrutura e processo de trabalho e, portanto, devem ser operados com cautela
com vistas a proporcionar um acolhimento real de qualidade / User embracement has been proposed as a tool that contributes to humanize the nursing, to
increase the users? access to the services, to ensure the resolvability of claims, to organize
the services and promote the strengthening of the links between them and the health
professionals. In the city of Recife, this practice has been fomented by the municipal
government and its implementation is guided by normative acts, with evaluation matrices
and proposition of goals, based on a model created by the public administration. This
study intended to analyze the relation between the prescribed user embracement and the
real one and their interferences with the relations of reciprocity between workers and users
in the health units of basic attention in Recife. Four units of the Family Health Strategy at
the Sanitary District IV of the city of Recife ? PE were taken as an investigation field.
The investigation had a qualitative character, so, Interviews were performed involving
professionals and users whose speeches were recorded by the voice digital mode and
literally transcript. The obtained speeches were analyzed mostly through the Discourse of
the Collective Subject methodological approach, being also used, but on a smaller scale,
the technique of thematic analysis, in the dialogic way, with theoretical contributions and
official documents related to the theme. The results pointed that in most of the health units
the professionals execute the proposed protocols and consider that these have a positive
influence for the working process in user embracement, however, factors such as the
excessive demand, the physical structure of the units, little resolvability of the reference
network, singularities of the units, among others, have appeared, hampering the
accomplishment of the prescribed, creating, thus, a negative influence on the working
process of the user embracement. The reciprocal relations have also suffered the
influences of these factors, which made difficult, therefore, the circulation of gift.
Meanwhile, other factors such as access, resolvability, sheltering attitude and
responsabilization, potentiated the reciprocal exchange between professionals and users.
The findings demand the prescriptive acts and the reciprocal relations of the user
embracement to be directly influenced by the singularities present in each community, by
the human variabilities and by factors connected to the structure and working process, so it
shall be operated with caution in order to provide a real user embracement with quality
|
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Pr?ticas integrativas e complementares em Currais Novos/RN: uso de plantas medicinais? / Complementary and holistic practices in Currais Novos/RN: the use of medicinal plantsSantos, Danielle Chacon dos 12 August 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-12 / Este trabalho teve o objetivo de compreender como profissionais das equipes
da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia e usu?rios do Munic?pio de Currais Novos/RN
lidam com a utiliza??o (ou n?o) de plantas medicinais como uma das Pr?ticas
Integrativas e Complementares no SUS. A pesquisa ? do tipo qualitativo e
apresenta como instrumento de coleta de dados um roteiro de entrevista
semiestruturada, relacionada a quest?es que contemplaram o objetivo
proposto. As entrevistas foram utilizadas com os profissionais e usu?rios, com
base nas quest?es formuladas em um question?rio e foram gravadas, com a
anu?ncia dos mesmos, sendo posteriormente transcritas em di?rio de campo.
Foram sujeitos do estudo os profissionais m?dicos, enfermeiros, dentistas e
agentes comunit?rios de sa?de de equipes de Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia do
munic?pio, totalizando 24 profissionais de sa?de, como tamb?m 10 usu?rios
identificados como pessoas que utilizavam plantas medicinais para o cuidado
de sua sa?de que se mostraram volunt?rios para a pesquisa. A partir deste
estudo, pode-se perceber a import?ncia atribu?da, tanto pelos profissionais de
sa?de quanto pelos usu?rios, ? utiliza??o de plantas medicinais, como tamb?m
evidenciar que ? na tradi??o familiar que se encontra a principal forma de
dissemina??o do conhecimento a respeito da utiliza??o das mesmas. A maioria
das plantas medicinais tiveram indica??es populares semelhantes ?s
indica??es cient?ficas de uso, por?m 70% dos usu?rios referiram nunca terem
recebido de profissionais de sa?de orienta??es e incentivo de utiliza??o desta
pr?tica de cuidado. Metade dos profissionais entrevistados relatou n?o sentir
seguran?a para prescrever plantas medicinais, apenas 25% afirmaram ter
recebido durante a gradua??o informa??o sobre o assunto. Espera-se, com o
desenvolvimento deste estudo, contribuir para incentivar e tornar poss?vel a
implanta??o de protocolos de aten??o por parte dos profissionais de sa?de,
al?m de ampliar o cuidado integral, o acesso a outras op??es terap?uticas, a
participa??o dos usu?rios e o fortalecimento do v?nculo no ?mbito da aten??o
b?sica e da Estrat?gia Sa?de da Fam?lia / The objective of this study is to investigate how the team of health professionals
of the Family Health Strategies program and clients in Currais Novos/RN deal
with the use (or not) of medicinal plants as one of the complementary and
holistic practices in the Individual Health System (SUS in Portuguese). The
research is carried out using a qualitative approach, applying semi-structured
interviews, related to the proposed objective, as the instruments of data
collection. The interviews applied to professionals and clients were based on
questionnaires and were recorded, with their permission, then transcribed in a
field diary. The subjects of the study were doctors, nurses, dentists and
community health agents of the Family Health Strategies team, totaling 24
(twenty four) health professionals, as well as ten volunteers identified in the
research as people who use medicinal plants for health care purposes. From
this study, we verify the great importance that health professionals and clients
attribute to the use of medicinal plants, as well as evidence that family tradition
is the main vehicle for the dissemination of knowledge regarding their use. Most
medicinal plants had popular indications similar of those used scientifically,
however, 70% of the clients reported never having had medical health advice or
encouragement to use medicinal plants in their treatments. Half of the group of
professionals interviewed reported not feeling safe in prescribing medicinal
plants; approximately 25% reported having received information on the subject
during their undergraduate program. Expected outcomes of this study include
instigating the implementation of treatment protocols by the health
professionals, and broadening holistic care practices, as well as access to
alternative therapeutic options, client participation, ultimately strengthening the
link between primary care and Family Health Strategies
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Travestis na aten??o prim?ria: o cuidado em sa?de na cidade de NatalMoraes, Antonia Nathalia Duarte de 29 October 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-10-29 / Dentre os desviantes de um ideal heteronormativo, as travestis s?o as que
mais sofrem agress?es e discrimina??es. T?m-se constatado que os servi?os
de sa?de muitas vezes se apresentam como locais que mant?m e reproduzem
essas discrimina??es, o que faz com que as travestis s? procurem assist?ncia
m?dica em ?ltimo caso. Tendo como base as diretrizes do SUS e a Pol?tica
Nacional de Humaniza??o, bem como a inclus?o e protagonismo dos usu?rios,
realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa buscando compreender a viv?ncia das
travestis na busca por cuidados em sa?de no ?mbito da aten??o prim?ria na
cidade de Natal-RN. Utilizamos como instrumentos tecno-metodol?gicos a
entrevista em profundidade e oficina com uso de ?cenas?. Para an?lise
interpretativa das narrativas recorremos ? Hermen?utica-Dial?tica. A partir do
di?logo com as narrativas chegamos aos seguintes eixos tem?ticos: 1)
Compreendendo o significado de ser travesti; 2) A viv?ncia travesti na busca
por sa?de; 3) Travestis e o cuidado humanizado em sa?de. No primeiro eixo
elas revelam a luta di?ria das travestis entre o preconceito e a busca por
respeito, bem como os significados de ser travesti, que apareceram como: Ser
homossexual, ser feminina, n?o ser transexual e aceitar-se como s?o. No
segundo eixo, expressaram dificuldades quanto ao acesso e uso dos servi?os
de sa?de: o constrangimento pelo n?o uso do nome social; o medo de sair
durante o dia; a associa??o das travestis ao v?rus HIV; e a dor causada pela
discrimina??o dos profissionais de sa?de. Foi poss?vel identificar, tamb?m,
demandas simples, como os adoecimentos do dia a dia, ? demanda por
XV
hormonioterapia, que implica em necessidades de tratamentos, bem como a
vital necessidade de ter os seus direitos respeitados. No terceiro eixo, para o
alcance de um cuidado humanizado identificamos que o olhar respeitoso
garantiria sua dignidade e o seu direito ? sa?de de forma humanizada, mas
para isso identificamos algumas mudan?as necess?rias: Capacita??o dos
profissionais, di?logo com o movimento social, campanhas de divulga??o e
aproxima??o com o ser travesti. Por fim, espera-se que a pesquisa possa
contribuir com o campo do conhecimento acerca do saber-fazer na assist?ncia
? sa?de das travestis, dentro e fora da academia / Among the deviant a heteronormative ideal, transvestites are the ones that
suffer abuse and discrimination. Have been found that health services often
present themselves as places that maintains and reproduce such
discrimination, which makes transvestites only sought medical care in the latter
case. Based on the guidelines of the SUS and the National Humanization Policy
as well as the inclusion and leadership of the users, we conducted a qualitative
study seeking to understand the experience of transvestites in seeking health
care within primary care in Natal-RN. We use as techno-methodological
instruments in depth interview and workshop with use of "scenes". For
interpretative analysis of the narratives we use to Hermeneutics-Dialectic. From
the dialogue with the narrative we come to the following themes: 1)
Understanding the meaning of being a transvestite; 2) The experience
transvestite in search of health; 3) Transvestites and humanized health care. In
the first point they reveal the daily struggle of transvestites between prejudice
and the search for respect, as well as the meanings of being a transvestite, who
appeared as: Being gay, being feminine, not transsexual and accept themselves
as they are. In the second axis, expressed difficulties in access to and use of
health services: the embarrassment by not using the social name; fear of going
out during the day; the association of transvestites to HIV; and pain caused by
discrimination from health professionals. It was also possible to identify simple
demands such as illnesses from day to day, the demand for hormone therapy,
which involves treatment needs as well as the vital need to have their rights
XVII
respected. The third axis, for the range of a humanized care identified that the
respectful gaze guarantee their dignity and their right to health in a humane
way, but it identified some necessary changes: Training of professionals,
dialogue with the social movement, publicity campaigns and rapprochement
with the transvestite. Finally, it is expected that the research will contribute to
the field of knowledge know-how in health care transvestites, inside and outside
of the university
|
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Racismo institucional: um desafio a se enfrentado na aten??o ? sa?de da popula??o negra com doen?a falciforme em Jo?o Pessoa/PBCorreia, Dandara Batista 21 August 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-08-21 / O racismo tem participa??o ativa na defini??o das condi??es de sa?de, uma vez que
reproduz no ?mbito da subjetividade e do consentimento, padr?es de integra??o ? ordem
que restringem a popula??o negra do amplo acesso aos bens e servi?os socialmente
produzidos. Por essa raz?o, as pessoas negras est?o expostas a situa??es diferenciadas
de adoecimento, inclusive com maiores chances de exposi??o a certas doen?as e
agravos com uma maior preval?ncia, como ? o caso da Doen?a Falciforme. Nesse
sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta uma an?lise das express?es do racismo na sa?de
da popula??o negra com Doen?a Falciforme, tendo como norte anal?tico o estudo das
condi??es de sa?de e da qualidade da aten??o ? sa?de ofertada pela dire??o municipal
do SUS, representada pela Secret?ria Municipal de Sa?de de Jo?o Pessoa/PB ? (SMSJPA).
Trata-se de uma pesquisa social aplicada, fundada numa abordagem quantiqualitativa
que envolveu a coleta de dados secund?rios, os quais foram sistematizados e
analisados em dois momentos: 1) an?lise dos indicadores sociais referente ? popula??o
negra no munic?pio a partir da base de dados do Censo Demogr?fico do IBGE; 2) estudo
documental realizado no banco de dados do Programa Municipal da Doen?a Falciforme e
An?lise dos relat?rios de gest?o da SMS-JPA referente a 2011, 2012 e 2013. Optou-se
por uma vis?o cr?tica e dial?tica de leitura da realidade, com apoio nas categorias do
racismo, racismo institucional e sa?de da popula??o negra compreendidas como uma
unidade dial?tica. Os resultados revelam que a popula??o negra com Doen?a Falciforme
est? inserida num contexto de vulnerabilidade social que repercute na sua situa??o de
morbimortalidade. Aponta-se ainda que os problemas de sa?de das pessoas com Doen?a
falciforme s?o preferencialmente resolvidos com base na aten??o b?sica a sa?de e por
a??es focadas na preven??o de eventos agudos. Por essas caracter?sticas est?o focadas
em a??es de baixa densidade tecnologia e de baixo custo que embora com maior alcance
assistencial, provocam mudan?as de longo prazo, incapazes de alterar sua realidade de
sa?de; No plano pol?tico institucional, essas respostas apresentam limites na aten??o ?
sa?de, sobretudo no que se refere ao enfrentamento das desigualdades e promo??o da
qualidade de vida, uma vez que as a??es exigem baixo poder de decis?o e
consequentemente poucas altera??es nas estruturas dos sistemas de sa?de. Nesse
esfor?o, espera-se contribuir com a produ??o de conhecimento que seja ?til para a??o
pol?tico e cient?fico de grupos e movimentos interessados em ultrapassar as
determina??es do racismo e construir uma nova ordem social fundamentada na
emancipa??o de todas as formas de explora??o ?tnico/racial, sexual e de classes que
signifique em melhorias na realidade de sa?de das pessoas com Doen?a Falciforme. / Racism has active participation in the definition of health conditions, since it
reproduces within the subjectivity and consent, integration patterns to order
that restrict the black population of broad access to goods and services
produced socially. For this reason, black people are exposed to different risks
of disease, including increased chances of exposure to certain diseases and
disorders with a higher prevalence, such as the Sickle Cell Disease. In this
sense, this paper presents an analysis of expressions of racism on the health
of the black population with sickle cell disease, its analytical north the study of
health conditions and quality of health care offered by the municipal
administration of the SUS, represented by the Municipal Secretary of Jo?o
Pessoa / PB (SMS-JPA) Health. It is a social applied research, based on a
quantitative and qualitative approach that involved collecting secondary,
which were organized and analyzed data in two stages: 1) analysis of social
indicators regarding the black population in the municipality from the base
Census data from IBGE; 2) documental study in database Municipal Program
of Sickle Cell Disease and analysis of management reports related to SMSJPA
2011, 2012 and 2013 decided by a critical and dialectical reading of
reality, with support in the categories of racism, institutional racism and health
of the black population understood as a dialectical unity. The results reveal
that the black population with sickle cell disease is embedded in a context of
social vulnerability that affects his situation of mortality. It is pointed out also
that the health problems of people with sickle cell disease are preferably
solved based on primary care and health by focusing on prevention of acute
events shares. For these characteristics are focused on technology stocks
low density and low cost but with greater care range, causing long-term
changes unable to change your health reality; The institutional political
sphere, these responses have limits on attention to health, particularly with
regard to addressing inequalities and promoting quality of life, since actions
require low power of decision and consequently little change in the structures
of health systems . In this effort, we hope to contribute to the production of
knowledge that is useful for political and scientific action groups and
movements interested in overcoming the determinations of racism and build a
new social order based on emancipation from all forms of ethnic / racial
exploitation, sexual and classes that actually means improvements in health
of people with sickle cell disease.
|
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Aplicabilidade das equa??es de estimativa de peso e estatura em idosos residentes em institui??es de longa perman?ncia no munic?pio de Natal-RNLima, Marcos Felipe Silva de 19 December 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-19 / A avalia??o antropom?trica ? importante para detectar altera??es no
estado nutricional e subsidiar interven??es de sa?de. M?todos de estimativa podem ser
empregados na impossibilidade de mensura??o do peso e estatura em idosos. Entretanto, tais
m?todos nem sempre s?o aplic?veis. Objetivo: Comparar e validar m?todos de estimativa de
peso e estatura em idosos residentes em ILPI de Natal-RN. Metodologia: Coletou-se peso,
estatura, per?metros, dobras cut?neas e comprimentos corporais. Avaliaram-se as equa??es,
qualitativamente, pela reprodutibilidade das medidas antropom?tricas que as compunham e,
quantitativamente, pela an?lise e plotagem das diferen?as de m?dias, teste t-student para
amostras em pares, coeficiente de determina??o (R?), raiz do erro quadr?tico m?dio (REQM),
coeficiente de correla??o intraclasse (CCI) e an?lise gr?fica de res?duos. Nas equa??es de
estimativa de estatura, realizou-se an?lise de cluster entre os diferentes m?todos avaliados.
Adotou-se como valor de signific?ncia p < 0,05. Considerou-se aplic?vel quando o m?todo de
estimativa apresentou R? > 0,7; o menor REQM dentre os avaliados; CCI > 0,7; e respectivo
intervalo de confian?a 95% com menor dist?ncia entre os limites inferior e superior.
Resultados: Avaliaram-se 315 idosos de 10 ILPI da cidade de Natal-RN. O peso corporal
m?dio foi maior nos idosos mais jovens e sem restri??o de mobilidade. Mediu-se a estatura
somente nos idosos sem restri??o de mobilidade. A an?lise qualitativa das equa??es de peso
mostrou a eq.2 de Rabito et al. (2008) como a de melhor reprodutilidade, uma vez que n?o
utilizava medidas de dobras cut?neas. A an?lise quantitativa revelou a eq.2 de Rabito et al.
(2008) como a de melhor aplicabilidade em toda a popula??o avaliada e nos diferentes sexos,
faixas et?rias (60 a 69 anos, 70 a 79 anos e 80 anos ou mais) e restri??o de mobilidade. Em
rela??o ? estatura, os m?todos que usam a hemi-envergadura foram de menor
reprodutibilidade. A an?lise de conglomerados agrupou as equa??es latino americanas em um
cluster, as americanas em outro e n?o agrupou os m?todos que utilizavam hemi-envergadura e
comprimento da ulna. A eq.4 de Berm?dez; Tucker (2000) foi a de melhor aplicabilidade para
toda a popula??o. Quando analisados os diferentes estratos, verificou-se que para idosos do
sexo masculino e de 60 a 69 anos a eq.4 de Berm?dez; Tucker (2000) foi aplic?vel.
Conclus?o: A eq.2 de Rabito et al. (2008) foi aplic?vel para a estimativa de peso na
popula??o avaliada e nos diferentes estratos analisados. A eq.4 de Berm?dez; Tucker (2000)
foi aplic?vel somente para o sexo masculino e faixa et?ria de 60 a 69 anos. N?o houve
equa??o aplic?vel para a estimativa de estatura de idosos do sexo feminino ou com 70 anos ou
mais de idade. Portanto, faz-se necess?ria a realiza??o de novas pesquisas que desenvolvam
m?todos de estimativa de estatura e peso espec?ficos para a popula??o idosa institucionalizada
brasileira / The anthropometric assessment is important to detect changes in nutritional
status and subsidize health interventions. Estimation methods can be employed in the absence
of measurement of weight and height in the elderly. However, such methods are not always
applicable. Objective: To compare and validate weight and stature estimation methods in the
elderly living in nursing homes, Natal-RN. Methodology: The equations were evaluated
qualitatively by the reproducibility of anthropometric measurements that made it up and
quantitatively by mean differences analysis and plot, the coefficient of determination (R?),
root mean square error (RMSE), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and graphic residual
analysis. In stature estimation methods were done cluster analysis to verify similarity of the
different methods evaluated. It was adopted as significant p <0.05. It was considered
applicable when the estimation method presented R?> 0.7; the lowest RMSE among the
evaluated methods; ICC> 0.7; and its 95% confidence interval with less distance between the
upper and lower limits. Results: It were evaluated 315 elderly from 10 nursing homes by
Natal-RN. The average body weight was greater in the younger elderly and without restricting
mobility. Height was measured only in the elderly without restricting mobility. Qualitative
analysis showed a weight equation Eq.2 to Rabito et al. (2008) as the best reproducibility,
since it is not used skinfold thickness. Quantitative analysis revealed Eq.2 of Rabito et al.
(2008) as the best applicability for the whole population and different genders, age groups (60
to 69 years, 70-79 years and 80 years or more) and mobility restriction. In relation to height, it
was considered the methods that use the demi-span as low reproducibility. The cluster
analysis grouped the Latin American equations in a cluster, the US and in other did not group
demi-span and arm length methods. The eq.4 Bermudez; Tucker (2000) was the best
applicable for the entire population. The different group?s analysis found that for elderly
males and 60-69 years, IV Berm?dez; Tucker (2000) method was applicable. Conclusion:
Eq.2 of Rabito et al. (2008) was applicable to estimate weight in this population and the
different groups analyzed. The eq.4 Bermudez; Tucker (2000) was applicable only for males
and age group 60-69 years. There was no equation applicable to height estimation for female
and aged 70 years or older. Thus, it is necessary to carry out further researches to develop
specific stature and weight estimation methods for the Brazilian institutionalized elderly
population
|
698 |
Ambiente de inova??o no Laborat?rio de Inova??o Tecnol?gica em Sa?de ? LAIS/UFRN: mapeamento, intera??es e gerenciamentoMoura, Lawrence C?zar Medeiros Ara?jo de 16 March 2015 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-16 / A inova??o vem se tornando uma quest?o cada vez mais central e de grande notoriedade, n?o
somente na literatura, como tamb?m nas pr?ticas de gest?o, tornando-se um tema estrat?gico
para os gestores das organiza??es. Aliado a isso, tem-se o alto grau de competitividade
presente no mercado, que contribui para a complexidade das tomadas de decis?o, uma vez que
os gestores necessitam manter um ciclo de renova??o cont?nuo de seus processos e produtos.
Dessa forma, as press?es do mercado em busca de novas alternativas incentivam a inova??o
dentro das organiza??es como alicerce ? cultura da mudan?a em busca da sobreviv?ncia e de
maior competitividade, tornando-se essencial conhecer os fatores que promovem o avan?o
dos ambientes organizacionais direcionados ? inova??o. Corroborando essa perspectiva,
Bouchikhi e Kimberly (2001) expressaram emblematicamente a ideia com dois enunciados:
(1) as empresas necessitam inovar para sobreviver, sob pena de morrerem; e (2) o vasto
reconhecimento dessa necessidade, assim como a dificuldade em estimular e sustentar a
inova??o e o esp?rito empreendedor nas empresas, tem gerado uma mini-ind?stria de pesquisa
e consultoria em gest?o focalizada nesses t?picos. Este trabalho caracteriza-se como
descritivo com m?todos qualitativos e quantitativos. Quanto ao planejamento da pesquisa,
optou-se pela pesquisa bibliogr?fica e pelo estudo de caso. A pesquisa, aqui desenvolvida,
tem como intuito analisar o ambiente organizacional de um laborat?rio voltado para a
inova??o tecnol?gica em sa?de, que ? refer?ncia em pesquisa e tecnologia do Rio Grande do
Norte, e verificar se o mesmo apresenta-se prop?cio ao desenvolvimento de inova??es. Para
tanto, foram mapeadas as tecnologias desenvolvidas pelo Laborat?rio de Inova??o
Tecnol?gica em Sa?de ? LAIS/UFRN e em seguida foi aplicado um question?rio com os
atores do LAIS/UFRN. Tal question?rio ? fechado e com escala Likert. Como resultados,
tem-se que as dimens?es 1, 6, 7 e 8, s?o as mais influentes para a forma??o de um ambiente
inovador no LAIS. / Innovation has become an increasingly central issue of great reputation, not only in literature
but also in management practices, becoming a strategic issue for managers of organizations.
Allied to this, there is a high degree of competitiveness on the market, which contributes to
the complexity of decision making, since managers need to maintain a continuous cycle of
renewal processes and products. Thus, market pressures for new alternatives encourage
innovation within organizations as a foundation for culture change in pursuit of survival and
increased competitiveness, making it essential to know the factors that promote the
advancement of organizational environments targeted innovation. Confirming this view,
Bouchikhi and Kimberly (2001) symbolically expressed the idea with two statements: (1)
companies need to innovate to survive, otherwise they die; and (2) the wide recognition of this
need, as well as the difficulty to encourage and support innovation and entrepreneurship in
business, has generated a mini-industry research and consulting in management focused on
these topics. This study is characterized as descriptive with qualitative and quantitative
methods. As for the planning of the research, it was decided to bibliographical research and
the case study. The research, developed here, is meant to examine the organizational
environment of a laboratory focused on technological innovation in health, which is a
reference in research and technology of Rio Grande do Norte, and ensure that it presents
opportunities to develop innovations. Therefore, the technologies developed by the
Laborat?rio de Inova??o Tecnol?gica em Sa?de - LAIS/UFRN were mapped and then a
questionnaire with the stakeholders of LAIS/UFRN was applied. This questionnaire is closed
and Likert scale. As a result, it follows that the dimensions 1, 6, 7 and 8 are the most
influential to form an innovative environment at LAIS.
|
699 |
O ensino do lidar com a morte no contexto da aten??o prim?ria ? sa?de no curso de gradua??o em medicina / Teaching how to deal with death within the context of primary health care in an undergraduate medicine courseVasconcelos, Marcos Oliveira Dias 22 December 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-22 / Ao longo do tempo, os avan?os na ci?ncia e na tecnologia biom?dica foram cada vez mais
incrementados, contribuindo para a falsa ideia sobre a possibilidade de controle e dom?nio da
morte. A morte ? um tema interditado, evitado tanto na sociedade leiga quanto no di?logo entre
m?dicos e pacientes, pois ? encarada como um fracasso profissional na ?rea da sa?de. O ensino do
lidar com a morte na educa??o m?dica tem sido objeto de aten??o de alguns autores, mas
mudan?as na forma??o m?dica com o aprofundamento dessa tem?tica ocorrem muito lentamente.
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi compreender os caminhos do ensino do lidar com a morte no
contexto da Aten??o Prim?ria ? Sa?de (APS). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa feita a partir da
colabora??o de professores do curso de medicina da Universidade Federal da Para?ba (UFPB),
escolhidos entre os docentes envolvidos em experi?ncias curriculares na APS. Foram combinadas
duas estrat?gias tecno-metodol?gicas: entrevistas em profundidade com roteiro e oficina com
utiliza??o de ?cenas? projetivas. Recorremos ? Hermen?utica Gadameriana para a an?lise e
interpreta??o dos discursos. Nos resultados, identificamos que, para os docentes, o lidar com a
morte pode ser concebido por quatro pap?is ou compet?ncias na busca de um cuidado
humanizado: tentar salvar, promover qualidade de morte, estar presente at? o fim e valorizar a
dimens?o da espiritualidade. Para os docentes, o ensino do lidar com a morte deveria acontecer a
partir de uma abordagem multidimensional, ao longo de toda a forma??o m?dica. Apesar de, nas
pr?ticas pedag?gicas em APS, haver uma proposta de ensino-aprendizagem ativa, baseada na
problematiza??o de situa??es concretas, que busca diminuir a dist?ncia entre a forma??o t?cnica e
humana, os docentes apontaram que o ensino do lidar com a morte na UFPB, de forma geral, ?
insuficiente e hegemonicamente tecnicista. Assim, s?o limites dos espa?os curriculares na APS
para o ensino do lidar com a morte: pr?ticas de ensino tecnificadas, fragmentadas, com avalia??es
e metodologias tradicionais; a necessidade de maior aprofundamento pedag?gico e de integra??o
no curr?culo m?dico; e as fragilidades dos servi?os de APS. Foram pot?ncias dos espa?os
curriculares na APS para o ensino do lidar com a morte: a aproxima??o com as din?micas de
adoecimentos e lutas da popula??o; e a constru??o de pr?ticas mais dial?gicas e voltadas para a
valoriza??o do protagonismo estudantil e do trabalho interdisciplinar. Neste sentido, a APS pode
contribuir na implementa??o de pr?ticas pedag?gicas mais integradas, cont?nuas, longitudinais,
contextualizadas e centradas nas pessoas. Ao mesmo tempo, que a rela??o ensino-servi?o,
preocupada com o aprimoramento do cuidado no adoecer e no morrer, pode qualificar e fortalecer
a APS. / Along time, progress in science and in the biomedical technology was increasingly expanded,
contributing to the false idea of a possible control and domination of death. Death is an interdicted
theme, avoided both in the lay society and in the dialogue between physicians and patients, as it is
considered a professional failure in the health field. Teaching how to deal with death in the medical
education has been the object of attention of some authors, but changes in the medical education to
deepen this theme have occurred in a very slow pace. The aim of this research was to understand the
trajectories of teaching how to deal with death within the context of Primary Health Care (PHC). It is a
qualitative study based on the collaboration of teachers from the undergraduate medicine course at the
Federal University of Para?ba (UFPB), who were chosen among the teachers involved in curriculum
experiences within PHC. Two techno-methodological strategies were combined: in-depth interviews
following a script and workshops using projective ?scenes?. Gadamer?s Hermeneutic was used for the
analysis and interpretation of the discourses. We have identified in the results that, to the teachers,
dealing with death can be conceived according to four roles or competences in the search for a
humanized care: trying to save, promoting quality of death, being present until the end, and enhancing
the dimension of spirituality. For the teachers, teaching how to deal with death should be based on a
multidimensional approach, along the whole medical education. In spite of the existence, in the PHC
pedagogical practices, of an active teaching-learning proposal, based on the problematization of
concrete situations, aiming to shorten the distance between technical and human education, the
teachers have expressed that teaching how to deal with death in UFPB is, in general, insufficient and
mostly technicist. Thus, limits of the PHC curriculum spaces to teach how to deal with death are:
technified, fragmented teaching practices with traditional evaluation and methodologies; the need for
greater pedagogical depth and integration in the undergraduate medical curriculum; and the
weaknesses of the PHC services. Strengths of the PHC curriculum spaces to teach how to deal with
death were: closeness to the dynamics of the illness process and fights of the population; and the
construction of more dialogical practices, aimed to the enhancement of the students? protagonism and
the interdisciplinary work. This way, PHC can contribute to the implementation of more integrated,
continuous, longitudinal, contextualized, and person-centered pedagogical practices. At the same time,
the teaching-service relationship, concerned with the improvement of the care in the illness process
and in dying, can qualify and strengthen PHC
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700 |
Avalia??o da estrutura e processo de trabalho dos centros de aten??o psicossocial / Work structure and process evaluation of psychosocial care centersClementino, Francisco de Sales 11 December 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / No Brasil, a Reforma Psiqui?trica organiza-se com base nos pressupostos da Reforma Sanit?ria e da Psiquiatria Democr?tica Italiana com vistas a eliminar o modelo hospitaloc?ntrico. Objetivo: Avaliar a estrutura e o processo de trabalho desenvolvido nos Centros de Aten??o Psicossocial (CAPS), englobando a satisfa??o, o perfil, as condi??es e a sobrecarga de trabalho dos profissionais. Aprovado pela Comiss?o de ?tica em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), protocolo n? 719.435, de 30/05/2014. M?todos: Estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido em cinco Centros de Aten??o Psicossocial, a saber: 02 CAPS I, 01 CAPS II, 01 CAPS III e 01 CAPSAD, de Campina Grande-PB. A popula??o do estudo constitui-se de todos os coordenadores dos cinco CAPS, incluindo 42 profissionais de n?vel superior, 71 de n?vel m?dio (t?cnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, e cuidadores), e os prontu?rios referentes a 2.297 usu?rios atendidos. Para assegurar a representatividade das informa??es, calculou-se uma amostra aleat?ria estratificada com partilha proporcional, considerando-se os seguintes par?metros: erro ? de 5%, n?vel de confian?a de 95%, poder do estudo de 80%, estimativa de propor??o de 10% e o ?ndice de proporcionalidade espec?fico para os profissionais de n?vel (superior e m?dio) e os prontu?rios. Coletou-se os dados atrav?s de question?rios validados, elaborados para o estudo CAPSUL (Avalia??o dos CAPS da Regi?o Sul do Brasil), entre julho e outubro de 2014. Os question?rios foram duplamente digitados e submetidos ? valida??o no sub-programa Validate do Epi Info 3.5.4, utilizado juntamente com o SPSS, 17.0 para o processamento das an?lises estat?sticas. Resultados: A partir da an?lise dos prontu?rios dos usu?rios atendidos nos CAPS, observou-se um predom?nio de mulheres na faixa et?ria adulta. Destacou-se como psicopatologia mais frequente, ? esquizofrenia. Quanto ?s interna??es antes e ap?s o ingresso nos CAPS, registrou-se para o hospital geral 14 interna??es (3,5%) antes e sete (1,7%) depois, diferen?a n?o significante (p=0,612). Ressalta-se que, em hospitais psiqui?tricos, ap?s o ingresso, houve redu??o para o m?ximo de tr?s interna??es. O n?mero total reduziu de 117 (29,1%) para apenas 11 (2,7%); redu??o estatisticamente significante (p=0,002). Quanto ?s formas de contra??o dos profissionais de sa?de, os resultados evidenciam a exist?ncia de contrato tempor?rio. A maior propor??o de insatisfa??o com todos os par?metros avaliados deu-se naqueles profissionais que se consideram sobrecarregados no trabalho. Entretanto, a ?nica diferen?a estatisticamente significante estava relacionada com o ?grau de responsabilidade? (90,9%; p=0,04). Observou-se forte associa??o da insatisfa??o dos profissionais de sa?de com fatores relacionados ao conte?do e ?s condi??es de trabalho no CAPS, relativa ?s medidas de seguran?a, conforto e apar?ncia dos CAPS, contato entre as equipes e usu?rios, e tratamento das fam?lias por parte das equipes. Chama ? aten??o que estes aspectos s?o aqueles que n?o dependem diretamente da atua??o dos profissionais. Conclui-se que o fortalecimento dos CAPS requer e exige um compromisso intersetorial, a partir do n?vel governamental, em garantir os recursos para a operacionaliza??o de suas a??es e assegurar aos usu?rios e ? sua fam?lia a oferta e o acesso aos servi?os de sa?de. / Objective: Evaluate the work structure and process in Psychos
ocial Care Centers (CAPS) and
the professionals profile, the satisfaction, conditions and work overload. Methods: Cross
-
sectional study conducted in five CAPS in Campina Grande city. The study sample consisted
of five coordinators, 42 graduate professional
s, 26 mid
-
level (technical and auxiliary nurses,
and caregivers), and the medical records pertaining to 413 users followed up. Data were
collected using validated questionnaires (CAPSUL
-
rating CAPS in southern Brazil) and
adapted to the study, between July
and October 2014. The questionnaires were double entered
and submitted to validation in the sub
-
program
?Validate Epi Info 3.5.4?
, used along with the
?SPSS 17.0?
for processing the statistical analyzes. Measures of central tendency and
dispersion were ap
plied to the descriptive analyzes;
?Fisher's?
exact test to check the CAPS
impact on hospital admissions and the
?Bonferroni?
adjusted to verify the diagnoses
according to sex. 5% significance level was adopted. The study was approved by the Ethics
Committ
ee of the Rio Grande do Norte Federal University (UFRN), protocol 719.435, of
05.30.2014. Results: From the structure analysis were identified contextual factors that
influenced the work process of CAPS professionals, such as: deficiencies with regard to
h
uman resources; forms of health professionals employment and qualifications; temporary
contract existence. As to process dimension, it was found that the home visits performance by
health professionals shows to be ineffective, given its insufficiency and i
rregularity, which
can be explained by the high demand, reduced staff and transportation lack. It was low
coverage of items inherent to Therapeutic Individual Project, as the income generation
program, insertion at work and home visit. The reference and co
unter reference flow are still
not satisfactorily organized. There was statistically significant difference for the diagnosis,
with a predominance of mood disorders related to stress among women and those related to
alcohol and other drugs among men (p <0.
05). There was an association between the degree
of health professionals satisfaction and working conditions, overload and factors related to
the content and working conditions, the security measures, comfort and CAPS appearance,
contact between the teams
and users, families treatment by the teams, temporary employment
relationship. Conclusion: The data collected indicate the need for the CAPS organization
through increased investments in the sector in order to enhance the infrastructure as
potentiating el
ement of practices with a view to changing the care model for mental health
proposed by the Psychiatric Reform. It is hoped therefore that this research will contribute to
better planning in CAPS unit management, with another tool to improve the dimensions
involving the structure and the professional work process and improve this mental health care
model.
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