INTRODUÇÃO: Os pacientes com distúrbios do desenvolvimento sexual (DDS) constituem um desafio para os profissionais que se empenham no seu tratamento e acompanhamento. São raros os estudos na área psicológica com acompanhamento destes pacientes a longo prazo. Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar os aspectos psicossociais e sexuais em relação ao diagnóstico etiológico, avaliar a influência de diversas variáveis na manutenção ou mudança da identidade de gênero nos pacientes que atingiram a idade adulta e a qualidade de vida numa grande coorte de pacientes com DDS 46,XY e 46,XX acompanhados em um mesmo serviço a longo prazo. MÉTODOS: O estudo teve caráter principalmente retrospectivo e foi realizado em pacientes com DDS de ambos os sexos acompanhados até o período pós-puberal ou idade adulta, num total de 151 pacientes maiores de 15 anos; destes, 55 pacientes apresentavam cariótipo 46,XX e 96 cariótipo 46,XY, tendo sido incluído neste ultimo grupo 6 pacientes que apresentavam cariótipo 46,XY em mosaicismo com a linhagem 45,X. O diagnóstico etiológico do DDS foi estabelecido pela avaliação clínica, citogenética, hormonal e por imagem em todos os casos e na maioria deles complementada pelo diagnóstico molecular. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento clinico, psicológico e cirúrgico. Os instrumentos utilizados para a avaliação psicológica foram: a entrevista semi-estruturada com aplicação de um questionário específico com 192 questões, desenvolvido para avaliar os aspectos sociais, profissionais e sexuais, o teste projetivo do HTP para auxiliar na identificação da identidade de gênero e o questionário Whoqol-Bref para avaliar a qualidade de vida. RESULTADOS: A atribuição do sexo social feminino foi predominante em ambos os grupos com DDS. Houve mudança do sexo social em 20% dos pacientes com DDS 46,XY e em 14% dos pacientes com DDS 46,XX. Houve associação significativa da mudança para o gênero masculino nos pacientes do grupo DDS 46,XY por deficiência de 5-redutase 2 quando comparados ao grupo de pacientes com DDS 46,XY por deficiência da produção ou ação da testosterona. Foi encontrada uma maior frequencia de pacientes com orientação homo ou bissexual nas pacientes com sexo social feminino com maior prevalência em pacientes com hiperplasia adrenal virilizante. Nas pacientes com DDS 46,XX por deficiência da 21 hidroxilase não houve influência do número de repetições CAG nos estádios de Prader e na mudança da identidade de gênero. Observamos disforia de gênero em 8 pacientes com DDS 46,XX por deficiência da 21 hidroxilase, sendo que 5 deles mudaram para o sexo social masculino. Todos haviam sido tratados de maneira irregular, apresentaram virilização importante e provinham de famílias de baixa renda, indicando o papel da exposição dos andrógenos e do meio ambiente sobre a identidade de gênero. Três variáveis na análise univariada foram significativamente associadas com a mudança de sexo social para o masculino nos pacientes com DDS 46,XY e DDS 46,XX: brincadeiras masculinas ou neutras na infância, tarefas domiciliares tipicamente masculinas e auto-percepção da aparência física como masculina ou ambígua na infância. Houve associação significativa entre os aspectos da identidade de gênero inicial e o sexo social final no teste do HTP, mostrando ser este um instrumento útil para avaliação dos pacientes com DDS. A qualidade de vida, avaliada pelo teste Whoqol Bref, das pacientes com sexo social feminino foi melhor nas pacientes com DDS 46,XX em comparação com as pacientes com DDS 46,XY. A qualidade de vida dos pacientes com DDS 46,XY registrados no sexo social feminino que mudaram para o sexo social masculino, foi semelhante a daqueles registrados no sexo social masculino. Por outro lado, os pacientes com sexo social final masculino tiveram melhor qualidade de vida quando comparados aos pacientes com sexo social final feminino. O diagnóstico etiológico não teve influência sobre o grau de satisfação pessoal, atribuição do sexo e relacionamento amoroso. CONCLUSÃO: A atribuição do sexo social feminino foi predominante em ambos os grupos. A variável brincadeiras masculinas ou neutras na infância teve valor preditivo para a mudança de sexo social para o masculino nos pacientes com DDS 46,XY e 46,XX educados no sexo social feminino. O teste HTP foi útil na avaliação dos pacientes com DDS. A qualidade de vida dos pacientes 46,XY com sexo social final masculino foi melhor do que a dos pacientes com sexo social final feminino. A maioria dos pacientes referiu elevado índice de satisfação com o tratamento, mostrando a importância de uma equipe multidisciplinar no tratamento dos distúrbios do desenvolvimento sexual. / INTRODUCTION: Patients with disorders of sex development (DSD) constitute a challenge for professionals working in their treatment and follow-up. Studies of patients with DSD have been focused on dissatisfaction in adulthood with sex assigned at birth. However, other parameters, such as psychosocial adjustment, sexual function, psychological health, social integration and the quality of life are rarely described. This study aims to evaluate the professional and psychosocial aspects, in order to identify the variables involved in gender identity and sexual orientation of a large cohort of patients with DSD 46 XY and, 46, XX and also assess the quality of life of patients in adulthood. METHODS: The study was mainly retrospective and was conducted in patients with DSD of both sexes followed until puberty or adulthood, a total of 151 patients older than 15 years; of these, 55 patients had 46, XX karyotype and 96 of them 46,XY karyotype, having been included in the latter group 6 patients who had 46, XY karyotype in mosaicism with the 45, X lineage. Etiological diagnosis of DSD was established by clinical evaluation, cytogenetics, hormonal and image studies in all cases and most of them complemented by molecular diagnosis. All patients underwent surgical and psychological treatment. Instruments used for psychological evaluation were: a semi-structured interview with application of a specific questionnaire with 192 questions developed to assess the social, professional and sexual aspects. The projective HTP test was used to assess gender identity and the Whoqol-Bref questionnaire to evaluate the quality of life. RESULTS: The female social sex assignment was prevalent in both groups with DSD. A change of assigned sex was found in 20% of the 46, XY DSD patients and in 14% of the 46,XX DSD patients. There was a significant association between the change to male social sex with DSD 46, XY due to 5 alpha-RD2 deficiency when compared with DSD 46,XY group due to defects in testosterone secretion or action. A greater frequency of homo or bisexual orientation was found in the patients with female social sex with higher prevalence in patients with virilizing congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In these patients the number of CAG repeats and Prader stage did not influence sexual orientation. We observe gender dysphoria in 8 patients with 46, XX DSD due to 21- hydroxylase deficiency, and 5 of them have changed to the male social sex. All of these patients had been treated irregularly, showed significant virilization and derived from low-income families indicating the role of exposure of androgens and environment on gender identity. Three variables in univariate analysis were significantly associated with change to male social sex in patients with 46, XY DSD and 46, XX DSD educated on female social sex: male or neutral plays in childhood, typically masculine household tasks and self perception of physical appearance as male or ambiguous in childhood but the male or neutral toys in childhood presented the best predictive value of male gender identity in adulthood. There was significant association between aspects of initial gender identity and final gender social sex in HTP test, showing that this is a useful tool for evaluation of patients with DSD. The quality of life of patients with 46,XX DSD was similar to patients with 46, XY DSD however patients with male social sex showed better quality of life than those with female social sex. Similarly, the quality of life of patients with 46, XY DSD the female register social sex who had switched to the male sex social was similar to those assigned in sex male indicating a good social adaptation of patients to new social sex. However, among the patients with female social sex, those with 46,XY DDS showed lower quality of life than 46, XX DSD patients. Male patients with 46,XY DDS had better quality of life than the 46,XY DSD patients with female gender. DDS patients who underwent masculinizing surgery showed better quality of life than the group which underwent feminizing surgery and both groups with DDS showed lower quality of life of patients than patients who undergone to kidney transplantation. The etiological diagnosis had no influence on the assignment of sex and the degree of personal satisfaction. CONCLUSION: Patients with 46,XY and 46, XX DDS showed good social, professional and sexual integration at adulthood. The variable male or neutral plays in childhood had better predictive value of male gender identity in adulthood in patients with 46,X and 46,XX DDS reared in the female social sex. The HTP projective test was useful in the overall assessment of patients with DSD. The quality of life of the patients with male social was better than those with female social sex. Most DSD patients expressed high satisfaction with treatment, showing the importance of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment of the disorders of sex development.

Esta pesquisa faz parte de um projeto que visa verificar a existência de variação linguística relacionada à orientação sexual do surdo sinalizante. Neste trabalho são apresentados os dois primeiros estudos que compõem o projeto: criação de um corpus linguístico com registro de sinalização de surdos gays e heterossexuais obtidos por sistema de captura de movimentos e análise da percepção linguística de surdos e ouvintes fluentes em libras (língua brasileira de sinais) sobre estímulos construídos com o mesmo sistema. O terceiro e último estudo será realizado futuramente por meio da análise dos dados coletados no primeiro estudo. A criação do corpus linguístico se baseou no modelo de descrição articulatória proposto por Barbosa, Temoteo e Rizzo (2015) e na análise goniométrica método utilizado para medir os ângulos articulares do corpo , e consistiu na coleta de informações sobre os ângulos formados pelos cinco movimentos realizados pelos articuladores braço e antebraço (abdução horizontal do braço, abdução vertical do braço, rotação do braço, rotação do antebraço e flexão do cotovelo), tomando como base os recursos do sistema de captura de movimentos. As informações geradas pelo sistema de captura de movimentos forneceram dados para comparação e análise das variações dos ângulos formados na produção de sinais dos surdos gays e heterossexuais. O estudo de percepção foi realizado por meio da aplicação de questionários com o objetivo de verificar a percepção dos participantes em relação à feminilidade e à orientação sexual do surdo sinalizante e à qualidade da transmissão da mensagem. Os resultados do estudo de percepção apontaram que os surdos gays foram percebidos como mais femininos que os surdos heterossexuais e que não houve diferença significativa na percepção da orientação sexual (gay) entre os surdos gays e heterossexuais. / This research is part of a project that aims to verify the existence of linguistic variation related to deaf peoples sexual orientation. In this work the first two studies that compose the project were presented: the creation of a linguistic corpus with gay and heterosexual deaf signaling obtained by motion capture system and the analysis of the linguistic perception of deaf and hearing people fluent in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) on the stimuli built with the same system. The third and last study will be performed through the analysis of the data collected in the first study. The creation of the linguistic corpus was based on the model of articulatory description proposed by Barbosa, Temoteo e Rizzo (2015) and in the goniometric analysis method used to measure the articular angles of the body and it consisted in collecting information about the angles formed by the five movements performed by the articulators arm and forearm (horizontal abduction of the arm, vertical abduction of the arm, rotation of the arm, rotation of the forearm and elbow flexion), based on the resources of the motion capture system. The information generated by the motion capture system provided data to compare and analyze the angles variation formed in the production of signs by gay and heterosexual deaf men. The perception study was carried out through the application of questionnaires that aimed to test the participants\' perception regarding the femininity and the sexual orientation of the deaf signer and the quality of message transmission. The results of the perception study indicated that deaf gay men were perceived as more feminine than heterosexual deaf men and that there was no significant difference in the perception of gay sexual orientation among gay and heterosexual deaf men.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maria brando.pdf: 446238 bytes, checksum: d16487841649223fec4e3f650db703bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-15 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The goal of the present study is to investigate the subjective barriers and personal difficulties related to teaching Sexual Orientation (SO) lessons, as it can negatively interfere on this activity. The study was based on the principles of sociohistoric theory in Psychology and on those of French Clinic of Activity . The subject was a 6th grade teacher of a municipal public school, who volunteered to give SO lessons. Data collection involved observations of teacher/pupils interaction in activities not related to SO, VHS tape recordings of all SO lessons, and an in-depth interview with the teacher, for a better knowing of the aspects considered important to the study. From the VHS tapes, three episodes were selected for further analysis, hence they had been considered able to elucidate some of the contradictions found between teacher s speech and what is generally prescribed for giving SO lessons. The episodes revealed that, without the support of school and its community, the teacher feared touching polemic and difficult themes linked to SO and avoided discussing them with their students. Choosing to remain herself in the safe biological aspects of human reproduction system, the teacher disabled the manifestation of other difficulties concerning the SO themes. The lack of specific professional formation in SO may have contributed to not allowing the teacher to approach the contents of this discipline with her students nor to discuss the importance of these lessons with the school personnel and broader community / O presente estudo procura investigar quais são os impedimentos subjetivos, ou dificuldades de ordem pessoal, que podem interferir nas atividades docentes em Orientação Sexual (OS), dificultando-a e/ou impedindo sua adequada realização. O referencial teórico adotado foi o da Psicologia Sócio-Histórica, com foco mais próximo nos princípios da clínica de atividade francesa. O sujeito da pesquisa foi uma professora de Língua Portuguesa, que tinha se voluntariado para ministrar OS junto a seus alunos de 6ª série de uma Escola Estadual de Ensino Fundamental. A coleta de dados envolveu observações das interações professora com seus alunos em outras atividades, filmagens de todas as aulas de OS e uma entrevista com a professora, para aprofundar aspectos de interesse. Três episódios foram selecionados a partir das filmagens das aulas, com base nos conteúdos que melhor permitissem elucidar as contradições encontradas entre o relato da professora e as prescrições para as aulas de OS. Os resultados revelaram a ausência de apoio, seja da escola ou da comunidade, para abordar temas polêmicos como os de OS, acabando por amedrontar a professora, impedindo-a de realmente discutir junto a seus alunos os temas tidos como centrais à área. Mantendo-se sempre no terreno seguro da Biologia, outras dificuldades ligadas à temática não apareceram. O estudo conclui que a falta de formação profissional específica pode ter contribuído para que a professora não se sentisse segura nem para abordar os temas previstos na Orientação Sexual nem para discutir com a escola e com a comunidade sua importância

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:47:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Alexandre Costa Correia.pdf: 747330 bytes, checksum: 7dc32e072c783186f2b929ef7367bb23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper deals with the representation of old age and by the look of older gay men. The issue of aging has been discussed around the world, for it is a population in adherence among this population quota is the gay old. The development of this research is presented by analyzing and interpreting the representations of the speech of older gay men. Through a qualitative methodology. The research seeks to know a little of this old world of homosexuals, new social arrangements, as well as new emotional relationships outside heterosexual dominant group in society. Understand how the prejudice and stigma in relation to group and described and analyzed. Seek to understand their offices on aging, family, sexual orientation in order to meet this social group. The analysis of the data were grouped into categories testimonies that are recurring themes in the discourse of the subject, and his analysis was based on the theoretical / Este trabalho tratada da representação sobre velho e velhice através do olhar de homens homossexuais velhos. A questão do envelhecimento tem sido debatida em todo o mundo, por se trata de uma população em acessão, dentre este contingente populacional encontra-se os homossexuais velhos. O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa é apresentado pela analise e interpretação das representações do discurso de homens homossexuais velhos. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa. A pesquisa busca conhecer um pouco deste universo dos homossexuais velhos, novos arranjos sociais, assim como também novas relações afetivas distintas do grupo heterossexual dominante na sociedade. Entender como o preconceito e o estigma em relação a grupo e descritos e analisados. Buscar compreender suas representações sobre velhice, família, orientação sexual de maneira a conhecer este grupo social. A analise dos dados os depoimentos foram agrupados em categorias que são temas recorrentes no discurso dos sujeitos, e sua analise foi fundamentada nos teóricos

Esta pesquisa faz parte de um projeto que visa verificar a existência de variação linguística relacionada à orientação sexual do surdo sinalizante. Neste trabalho são apresentados os dois primeiros estudos que compõem o projeto: criação de um corpus linguístico com registro de sinalização de surdos gays e heterossexuais obtidos por sistema de captura de movimentos e análise da percepção linguística de surdos e ouvintes fluentes em libras (língua brasileira de sinais) sobre estímulos construídos com o mesmo sistema. O terceiro e último estudo será realizado futuramente por meio da análise dos dados coletados no primeiro estudo. A criação do corpus linguístico se baseou no modelo de descrição articulatória proposto por Barbosa, Temoteo e Rizzo (2015) e na análise goniométrica método utilizado para medir os ângulos articulares do corpo , e consistiu na coleta de informações sobre os ângulos formados pelos cinco movimentos realizados pelos articuladores braço e antebraço (abdução horizontal do braço, abdução vertical do braço, rotação do braço, rotação do antebraço e flexão do cotovelo), tomando como base os recursos do sistema de captura de movimentos. As informações geradas pelo sistema de captura de movimentos forneceram dados para comparação e análise das variações dos ângulos formados na produção de sinais dos surdos gays e heterossexuais. O estudo de percepção foi realizado por meio da aplicação de questionários com o objetivo de verificar a percepção dos participantes em relação à feminilidade e à orientação sexual do surdo sinalizante e à qualidade da transmissão da mensagem. Os resultados do estudo de percepção apontaram que os surdos gays foram percebidos como mais femininos que os surdos heterossexuais e que não houve diferença significativa na percepção da orientação sexual (gay) entre os surdos gays e heterossexuais. / This research is part of a project that aims to verify the existence of linguistic variation related to deaf peoples sexual orientation. In this work the first two studies that compose the project were presented: the creation of a linguistic corpus with gay and heterosexual deaf signaling obtained by motion capture system and the analysis of the linguistic perception of deaf and hearing people fluent in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) on the stimuli built with the same system. The third and last study will be performed through the analysis of the data collected in the first study. The creation of the linguistic corpus was based on the model of articulatory description proposed by Barbosa, Temoteo e Rizzo (2015) and in the goniometric analysis method used to measure the articular angles of the body and it consisted in collecting information about the angles formed by the five movements performed by the articulators arm and forearm (horizontal abduction of the arm, vertical abduction of the arm, rotation of the arm, rotation of the forearm and elbow flexion), based on the resources of the motion capture system. The information generated by the motion capture system provided data to compare and analyze the angles variation formed in the production of signs by gay and heterosexual deaf men. The perception study was carried out through the application of questionnaires that aimed to test the participants\' perception regarding the femininity and the sexual orientation of the deaf signer and the quality of message transmission. The results of the perception study indicated that deaf gay men were perceived as more feminine than heterosexual deaf men and that there was no significant difference in the perception of gay sexual orientation among gay and heterosexual deaf men.

L’étude conduite porte sur l’exploration de la période d’intégration des nouvelles recrues se reconnaissant une orientation sexuelle homosexuelle ou bisexuelle. A partir d’une recherche qualitative, nous posons l'hypothèse générale selon laquelle les processus d’intégration, de socialisation organisationnelle et de construction des intentions professionnelles d’avenir seraient influencés par la présence de normes hétérosexistes et d’une discrimination perçue au travail, d’une part, et par l’identité sexuelle construite antérieurement dans les différentes sphères de vie d’autre part. Nos données ont été recueilles auprès de douze jeunes se reconnaissant comme LGB, récemment intégrés dans les milieux professionnels de la justice et des transports à l’aide de deux études : l’une conduite avec des entretiens de type récit de vie pour d’étudier le sens attribué aux expériences subjectives avant et pendant la période d’intégration dans l’organisation, l’autre menée et à partir d’entretiens de type IMIS pour mieux comprendre les dynamiques identitaires en analysant les relations subjectives entre l’individu et son environnement Les résultats soulignent que les normes hétérosexistes restent dominantes et montrent la non-neutralité de la sphère professionnelle où les échanges incluent des aspects de la vie privée. Dès l’entrée dans l’organisation les jeunes LGB font face à un dilemme entre la divulgation ou la dissimulation de leur orientation sexuelle qui nécessite un aménagement de l’identité en milieu de travail. Parmi les stratégies de présentation de soi, la dissimulation fondée sur la feinte et l'évitement de l’orientation sexuelle est majoritairement utilisée pour éviter les différentes formes de discriminations et d’homophobie anticipées au travail. / The study focuses on an exploration of the integration time of recently-recruited professionals who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual. Based on the qualitative analysis, we draw the general hypothesis that the processes of integration, organisational socialisation, and the construction of a future career path that are influenced both by the presence of heterosexist norms and perceived discrimination in the workplace as well as by sexual identity previously built in other parts of life. Our data were collected from twelve self-identified LGB young people who recently recruited in the workplace in the transportation and law using two studies: the first conducted with informal interviews to study the meaning given to subjective experience before and during the integration period in the organisation, and the second built from IMIS interviews to understand better the identity dynamics by analysing the subjective relationships between the individual and his environment. The results highlight that heterosexist norms remain dominant and show non-neutrality in the part of the professional world where the conversations include aspects of private life. From the moment of their arrival in the organisation, the young LGB people confront a dilemma between dissimulating and divulging their sexual identity, which requires identity management strategy handling to tackle different forms of discrimination and perceived homophobia. Among the identity management strategies, dissimulation based on pretending or avoiding of sexual orientation are the strategies that are used in the majority to avoid the different forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation that are anticipated in the workplace.

<p>The purpose of the essay is to examine Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual person’s experiences of the Social Services treatment. Our question is: How do Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual person’s experience the treatment in a relief seeking situation at Social Services? We have a social constructive point of view. Our theoretical foundation is heteronormativity, heterosexism, homophobia, coming out/disclosure, intersectionality, master suppression techniques and we discuss Social Services as a system. We used a qualitative research method and have done five semi-structured interviews, with three men and two women aged 17- 31 years. The empirical material has been analysed by using IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis) model, where we used the interviewees own words through which we composed three major themes; Starting point in the meeting with Social Services, Sexual orientation and the treatment of the Social Service. What kind of contact our interviewees had with the Social Services and how they perceive their sexual orientation and their experiences of how it is to be gay, lesbian or bisexual is of relevance in their contact with the Social Services. It will affect their ability to act and to what extent they will feel able to be open about their sexuality. Our interviewees tell of a treatment by the Social Services which in various ways makes their sexual orientation invisible, ridicules or puts blame and shame on them. We also have a few examples of neutral treatment from the Social Services concerning sexual orientation. In the essay we have divided the care relationship into a systematic level and a personal level. Our interpretation is that Social Services on a systematic level have a heteronormative culture in the organization. This leads to a heterosexistic treatment. The personal level gives the individual social worker a certain amount of flexibility and sometimes it leads to a homophobic treatment but it can also lead to a treatment that makes it possible to break with the heteronorm. We seek a Social Services that actively works towards breaking down the heteronormativity inside the organization.</p>

The purpose of the essay is to examine Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual person’s experiences of the Social Services treatment. Our question is: How do Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual person’s experience the treatment in a relief seeking situation at Social Services? We have a social constructive point of view. Our theoretical foundation is heteronormativity, heterosexism, homophobia, coming out/disclosure, intersectionality, master suppression techniques and we discuss Social Services as a system. We used a qualitative research method and have done five semi-structured interviews, with three men and two women aged 17- 31 years. The empirical material has been analysed by using IPA (Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis) model, where we used the interviewees own words through which we composed three major themes; Starting point in the meeting with Social Services, Sexual orientation and the treatment of the Social Service. What kind of contact our interviewees had with the Social Services and how they perceive their sexual orientation and their experiences of how it is to be gay, lesbian or bisexual is of relevance in their contact with the Social Services. It will affect their ability to act and to what extent they will feel able to be open about their sexuality. Our interviewees tell of a treatment by the Social Services which in various ways makes their sexual orientation invisible, ridicules or puts blame and shame on them. We also have a few examples of neutral treatment from the Social Services concerning sexual orientation. In the essay we have divided the care relationship into a systematic level and a personal level. Our interpretation is that Social Services on a systematic level have a heteronormative culture in the organization. This leads to a heterosexistic treatment. The personal level gives the individual social worker a certain amount of flexibility and sometimes it leads to a homophobic treatment but it can also lead to a treatment that makes it possible to break with the heteronorm. We seek a Social Services that actively works towards breaking down the heteronormativity inside the organization.

This study aimed at supplementing the Swedish National Agency for Education’s (Skolverket) study (2006) I enlighet med skolans värdegrund? which investigated whether textbooks in various school subjects went against the fundamental values in the curricula Lpf94 and Lpo 94. Due to this study’s supplementing intention, this study uses a similar title as Skolverket. By adding a new subject (Swedish) to Skolverket’s study, this study also strived to show how discrimination might be present in other subjects than the ones Skolverket involved in their study. More precisely, this study examined how the aspects ethnic belonging, functional limitation, gender, religion and sexual orientation (Skolverket used the same aspects in their study) are presented in a textbook for the Swedish subject in order to find out whether or not discrimination occurs. In the analysis I have used a combination of intersectionality and discourse analysis in order to understand and explain findings from the textbook.This study shows that the initial thought that discrimination occurs in more school subjects’ textbooks than the ones involved in Skolverket’s study, was valid. Many examples of differentiation between the norm “We” and the diverged “Them” were found. Moreover, people in the book were seldom presented as foster more than one of the investigated aspects (ethnic belonging, functional limitation, gender, religion and sexual orientation) leaving thebook one-dimensional and focused on normalcy.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 3146. Adviser: Lu-Yu Hwang. Includes bibliographical references.