The shopping malls, while business in general and services have been expanding around the world since 1950 and in Brazil more intensively in the 1980s. However, its role in the spatial organization of the city has been highlighted in the places where they were implemented, they promoted new spatial rearrangements and in many cases an urban restructuring, due to the centrality it generates and the consequent valorization of the area that was inserted. The objective of this research was to analyze how this process occurred in the city of Maceió since the inauguration of Maceió Shopping in 1989, in an area of very low population density of a mononucleated city. To do so, we have made a reflection based on the role that the center plays in the city in its historical context and in the conceptual differences between center and centrality, with emphasis on flows and fixed as fundamental elements to make this distinction. Next, we evaluate the polycentralities, represented here by the shopping malls, as promoters of valorization and developments of the areas in which they are inserted in the city and its restructurating power. This discussion permeated the construction of a technosphere linked to a psychosphere where society has as its pillar of support consumerism, the shopping center being a technical object created for this purpose. We analyze the different aspects of this type of commercial enterprise in the United States, Europe and Brazil, highlighting specificities that favor this sector in our country, such as urban violence and the deterioration of traditional centers. We evaluate the role of real estate agents and the state regarding their actions in the areas where shopping centers are located. Having exposed all this panorama we began to analyze how the insertion of the first shopping center in the city of Maceió took place, we followed the same path traced in the theoretical discussion when we started identifying the origin of the first center of the city and how it was structured from it, as it happened the decentralization process and the emergence of new centralities (subcentres) linked to population growth and the expansion of the urban network that was driven by the verticalization process, production of horizontal condominiums, popular housing complexes and irregular occupations in subnormal areas.This exposed, we arrived at our object of study, the Maceió Shopping, we evaluated the impact that its insertion in the urban space caused in the pre-established territorial organization. To do so, we have information provided by the management of the shopping center through open interviews and data collected through the application of semi-structured questionnaires with their customers. To show the impact caused by it in the city, we made a survey with the SMTT regarding the distribution and route of bus lines, as they are responsible for driving the large flow of people in the city. The analysis was done before and after the inauguration of Maceió mall and we verified with the results evidenced in the maps that the city was restructured from being mononucleated to become polinucleda due to the emergence of new poles generating flow of people linked to the new centrality that reorganized the urban spatial dynamics, this undertaking being the second largest generator pole, after the Center, for its spatial reach to the city and for promoting a flow of conversion and daily dispersion of people. / Os shoppings centers enquanto equipamentos urbanos destinado ao comércio e serviços tem se expandido pelo mundo a partir de 1950 e no Brasil mais intensivamente na década 1980. Contudo o seu papel na organização espacial da cidade tem se destacado na medida em que nos locais onde foram implantados promoveram novos rearranjos espaciais e em muitos casos uma reestruturação urbana, devido à centralidade que gera e a conseqüente valorização da área que foi inserido. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi analisar como se deu esse processo na cidade de Maceió a partir da inauguração do Maceió Shopping em 1989, numa área de baixíssima densidade populacional de uma cidade mononucleada. Para tanto, fizemos uma reflexão pautada no papel que o centro exerce na cidade em seu contexto histórico e nas diferenças conceituais entre centro e centralidade, com ênfase nos fluxos e fixos como elementos fundamentais para fazer esta distinção. Em seguida, avaliamos as policentralidades, representadas aqui pelos shoppings centers, enquanto promotoras de valorização e desenvolvimentos das áreas em que se inserem na cidade e seu poder reestruturante. Essa discussão permeou a construção de uma tecnosfera ligada a uma psicosfera onde a sociedade tem como seu pilar de sustentação o consumismo, sendo o shopping center um objeto técnico criado para esse fim. Analisamos os diferentes aspectos desse tipo empreendimento comercial nos Estados Unidos, Europa e Brasil, destacando especificidades que favorecem esse setor em nosso país, a exemplo da violência urbana e da deteorização dos Centros tradicionais. Avaliamos o papel dos agentes imobiliários e do estado referente às suas atuações nas áreas em que são implantados os shopping centers. Exposto todo esse panorama passamos a analisar como se deu a inserção do primeiro shopping center na cidade de Maceió, percorremos o mesmo caminho traçado na discussão teórica ao iniciarmos identificando a origem do primeiro centro da cidade e como ela se estruturou a partir dele, como ocorreu o processo de descentralização e surgiram as novas centralidades(subcentros) atreladas ao crescimento populacional e da expansão da malha urbana que foi conduzida pelo processo de verticalização, produção de condomínios horizontais, conjunto habitacionais populares e ocupações irregulares em áreas subnormais. Isto exposto, chegamos a nosso objeto de estudo, o Maceió Shopping, avaliamos o impacto que sua inserção no espaço urbano causou na organização territorial pré-estabelecida. Para tanto, contamos com informações cedidas pela gestão do shopping center através de entrevistas abertas e com dados coletados através de aplicação de questionários semiestruturados junto a seus freqüentadores. Para evidenciar o impacto causado por ele na cidade, fizemos um levantamento junto a SMTT referente a distribuição e percurso das linhas de ônibus, pois são as responsáveis por conduzir o grande fluxo de pessoas existentes na cidade. A análise foi feita antes e depois da inauguração do Maceió shopping e constatamos com os resultados evidenciados nos mapas que a cidade se reestruturou deixando de ser mononucleada para se tornar polinucleda devido ao surgimento de novos pólos geradores de fluxo de pessoas atrelados as novas centralidade que reorganizaram a dinâmica espacial urbana, sendo esse empreendimento o segundo maior pólo gerador, depois do Centro, pelo seu alcance espacial em relação à cidade e por promover um fluxo de conversão e dispersão diária de pessoas.

Submitted by Carlos Eduardo Makoul Gasperin (carlosgasperin@gmail.com) on 2018-10-23T16:49:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MP - DISSERTACAO - Carlos Eduardo Gasperin_pos banca.pdf: 1129459 bytes, checksum: d24f6dd8deed6cac935f776c5acdc093 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Thais Oliveira (thais.oliveira@fgv.br) on 2018-10-23T17:18:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MP - DISSERTACAO - Carlos Eduardo Gasperin_pos banca.pdf: 1129459 bytes, checksum: d24f6dd8deed6cac935f776c5acdc093 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Suzane Guimarães (suzane.guimaraes@fgv.br) on 2018-10-23T17:42:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MP - DISSERTACAO - Carlos Eduardo Gasperin_pos banca.pdf: 1129459 bytes, checksum: d24f6dd8deed6cac935f776c5acdc093 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-23T17:42:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MP - DISSERTACAO - Carlos Eduardo Gasperin_pos banca.pdf: 1129459 bytes, checksum: d24f6dd8deed6cac935f776c5acdc093 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-27 / Os Shopping Centers são um importante modelo de negócios na economia brasileira, gerando um grande fluxo financeiro de recursos, os quais transitam em um complexo emaranhado de relações jurídicas compostas por diversos atores e instrumentos contratuais. Em que pese a importância econômica que esses centros de compras adquiriram no mercado consumidor nacional, não se tem ainda uma visão doutrinária clara da sua estrutura jurídica nem, muito menos, dos impactos tributários daí advindos. Esse trabalho pretende contribuir para o esclarecimento dessas questões, sem ter, obviamente, a pretensão de esgotar o debate. O estudo proporá um novo enfoque na conceituação jurídica dos shopping centers, com especial atenção para a definição dos limites da tributação sobre eventuais receitas e rendas que possam existir nesse setor. O ponto central do debate será a qualificação jurídico-tributária dos chamados ‘encargos comuns ou condominiais’ e das ‘contribuições ao fundo de promoção e propaganda’, elementos financeiros comuns e relevantes para esse modelo de negócios. Seriam esses valores receita/renda tributáveis? Na pessoa de quem? Para responder tais questões, primeiramente será feita uma análise do modelo de negócios e do debate doutrinário acerca da sua qualificação jurídica. Na sequência, será proposta uma nova perspectiva de análise, a partir das teorias das redes empresariais e das coligações contratuais. Essa base teórica nos dará condição para analisar os impactos tributários daí advindos e para fornecer a seguinte resposta àquelas indagações: cumpridos determinados requisitos os ‘encargos comuns’ e as ‘contribuições ao fundo de promoção e propaganda’ não podem ser imputados como renda ou receita do empreendedor, já que deverão ser encarados como despesas dos lojistas e do próprio empreendedor. Com base nas conclusões alcançadas, algumas recomendações práticas serão propostas ao setor para mitigar eventuais riscos tributários atinentes à discussão aqui posta. / Shopping Malls are an important business sector in the Brazilian economy, generating a huge flow of money throughout a variety of complex legal relationships composed of many actors and contractual instruments. Despite the economic importance of these commercial centers, the legal doctrine has not defined yet a clear view of the legal structure of such enterprise, neither the tax impacts derived from it. This essay intends to enlighten such subjects, without the intentions of exhaust them. This research will propose a new approach to conceptualize the legal arrangement that supports shopping malls. It discusses whether there are any incomes or revenues in the so-called 'common costs' fees and the 'contributions for the promotion and advertising fund', bearing in mind that they are common and relevant financial components on this kind of business. The central question that drives the essay is that: Would these fees be taxable income or revenue; and on whose economic agent? To address this question firstly an analysis will be made of the business model named shopping malls and the doctrinaire debate over its legal qualification. Subsequently, a new economic and legal analytical perspective to this business model will be proposed, based on business and contractual networks theories. With these it will be possible not only to achieve eventual tax impacts of those fees mentioned above, but also to answer the question posed herein by affirming that since some requirements are accomplished, the fees known as 'common costs' and the 'contributions for the promotion and advertising fund' should not be attributed as entrepreneur’s revenues, since they shall be faced as store owners’ own expenditures and, in some cases, as entrepreneurs’ own expenditures. In addition, the research intends to provide some practical recommendations to the economic sector for mitigating possible tax liabilities risks linked to the subject herein discussed.

The diploma thesis is entitled "Internal Risks of a Critical Infrastructure Entity from the Public Sector". It deals with the analysis and evaluation of the internal risks of a critical infrastructure entity, namely a large business center in one of the regional cities of the Czech Republic, with an emphasis on ensuring the continuity of its function and expressing recommendations for adjusting existing risks. The first part of the thesis is devoted to the definition of initial theoretical knowledge and essential terms related to the solving issue of critical infrastructure. In the next sections, the work focuses specifically on the shopping center object and the analysis of the current state of its internal risks, which first reveals possible sources of risk in each part of the shopping center, then describes how to determine the degree of criticality of rooms, risk assessment and last but not least proposes and gives recommendations for action against the risks identified.

This diploma thesis focuses on construction technology preparation of shopping center in Prague 9, Vysočany. The aim of this work was to choose an appropriate construction process. The thesis contains general information about construction with construction technology project, its financial and time consuming, facilities for construction and traffic situation in the surroundings of the construction, design of main machinery and mechanisms, technological regulation with control and test plan. The diploma thesis is focused on piles realization.

The subject of the thesis is to develop a communication strategy for the company Galerie Vaňkovka Brno. The starting point of this work is theoretical knowledge of marketing, which are applied in the analytical description of the company. The findings of the current state of the company is subsequently developed a set of recommendations that will enable achieving effective communication with customers.

No description available.

El objetivo general de la investigación ha sido analizar la factibilidad y viabilidad de la creación de una empresa comercializadora de medicamentos esenciales con propósito de beneficiar con precios competitivos a aquellas clínicas con limitado poder de negociación y adquisición ubicadas en Miraflores, San Borja y San Isidro. El abastecimiento oportuno a las clínicas del segmento del mercado elegido y el aumento del periodo promedio de pago a las clínicas con menor liquidez, son las principales características del modelo del negocio. A partir del marco teórico se analizan diversos aspectos relacionados a laboratorios y proveedores, precios Kairos; así como distribución y centrales de compras. El mercado meta está constituido por 44 clínicas ubicadas en los distritos elegidos. En la investigación se utilizó la metodología mixta (cuantitativa y cualitativa) lo cual permitió corroborar que el modelo del negocio es atractivo para el mercado real constituido por 14 clínicas. Los procesos clave de la empresa están compuestos por la negociación del costo de adquisición, cotización al cliente, consolidación y adquisición de medicamentos, almacenamiento, así como, venta y distribución. La simulación con proyección a 5 años, una inversión de S/ 773 829 financiado con 81,64% de capital propio y un 18,36% de préstamo bancario a una TEA de 16,48% a un plazo de 3 años, arrojan un VAN positivo de S/ 864 015 y una TIR de 42,08% superior al costo de oportunidad de los inversionistas. Se ha concluido que el modelo del negocio es altamente atractivo para los potenciales clientes e inversionistas. / The main purprose of the research is to analyze the feasibility and viability of the creation of a trading company of essential drugs with the purpose to help those clinics a competitive prices with limited purchasing power and negotiation located in Miraflores, San Borja and San Isidro. The appropiate supply to clinics in the chosen market segment and the high average payment period to clinics with less liquidity, will be the main characteristics of the business model. Through the theoretical framework, many related aspects are analyzed to laboratories and suppliers, Kairos prices; as well as distribution and purchasing centers. The target market is composed of 44 clinics located in the chosen districts. In the research, it's used the mixed methodology (quantitative and qualitative), which corroborated that the business model is attractive for the real market consisting of 14 clinics. The key processes of the company are composed to the negotiation of the cost of acquisition, quotation to the client, consolidation and acquisition of medicines, storage space, as well as, sale and distribution. The simulation with a 5-year projection with an investment of S/ 773,829 financed with 81.64% of equity capital and 18.36% of bank loan at a rate of 16.48% for a term of years, results a positive NPV of S/ 864,015 and IRR of 42.08% higher than the opportunity cost of investors. For all that reaffirms that the business model is highly attractive to potential clients and investors. / Trabajo de investigación

This thesis analyses whether there is any possible relationship between external shopping centers and city-center firms located in Swedish small cities from the perspective of their revenue level. The importance of this research question emerges as a result of a recent trend of business allocation from city centers towards edge-of-town areas. Newly established external shopping centers bring attractiveness to the local area; however, they prosper at the expense of city center businesses. As a result, city centers lose their attractiveness. This trend is especially harmful for small cities which usually do not have enough customer base to satisfy the demand required to support firms both located in the city centers and external shopping centers. Based on the firm level revenue data, a quantitative study is performed. According to main empirical findings a negative significant relationship is found between the revenue of city-center retailing firms and the revenue level of external shopping centers. However, no significant relationship is found for the firms belonging to the hospitality sector. Key-words: small city, retailing sector, h

Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, трех глав, заключения, библиографического списка, включающего 61 наименование. Работа включает 35 таблиц и 35 рисунков. Общий объем ВКР (магистерской диссертации) – 74 страницы. Цель работы – Создать и проанализировать экономического обоснование девелоперского проекта по строительству торгового центра по адресу Пермский край, Пермский район, с. Лобаново, ул. Центральная 11Б. / The Master's thesis consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion, and a bibliographic list including 61 titles. The work includes 35 tables and 35 figures. The total volume of the WRC (master's thesis) is 74 pages. Keywords: Development project, shopping center, economic justification of the project, commercial real estate. The purpose of the work is to create and analyze the economic justification of a development project for the construction of a shopping center at the address Perm Krai, Perm district, Lobanovo village, Tsentralnaya str. 11B. The object of the study is the construction of commercial real estate in suburban areas. The subject of the study is the socio–economic relations of participants directly or indirectly involved in the development project for the construction of a shopping center in the village of Lobanovo.

På flera platser kan ett centrum vara den enda naturliga mötesplatsen i ett bostadsområde. Det är därför av stor vikt att centrumet känns tryggt och inkluderande, men ofta är fallet det motsatta. En undersökning från Stockholms stad visar att centrumen ofta uppfattas som den mest otrygga platsen i ett bostadsområde, men även det viktigaste för de boende. Detta bidrar till att de boende går miste om denna mötesplats och de aktiviteter som platsen kan erbjuda. Centrumens utveckling är beroende av fastighetsägaren men de har inte alltid ambitionen eller möjligheterna att utveckla centrumfastigheterna till sin fulla potential. Studien syftar främst till att utreda vilka som är de främsta funktionerna med en centrumverksamhet i ett bostadsområde men även vilket syfte centrumet tjänar för lokalbefolkningen. Arbetet avser även att utreda vilka aspekter i en centrumverksamhet som är viktigast för besökarens upplevelse av trygghet. Fastighetsägarföreningens arbete grundar sig till stor del på trygghetsfrågor inom ett geografiskt begränsat område. På vilket sätt dessa föreningar kan påverka utvecklingen av centrum, och på så sätt området i stort, är ännu en aspekt som studerats i arbetet. Genom intervjuer och studiens teori- och litteraturgenomgång är förhoppningen att kunna ta fram de mest värdefulla åtgärderna och verktygen för att öka tryggheten i de lokala centrumen. För att exemplifiera hur arbetet kring centrum kan se ut i praktiken har två studieområden undersökts, Vårbergs centrum och Gottsunda Centrum. Dessa har valts då de har haft olika tillvägagångssätt i sin förvaltning av deras centrum.  Studien resulterar i att centrumverksamheter i ett bostadsområde är viktiga för den upplevda tryggheten i området. Det är en plats som bland annat ska bidra med service, mötesplatser och aktiviteter för de boende. Viktiga aspekter är den fysiska utformningen och att det är rent och snyggt på platsen. Fastighetsägarföreningar visade sig inte ha något mandat att ställa krav på centrumverksamheten i det område de verkar i, oavsett om de är medlemmar i föreningen eller inte. De kan däremot bistå med värdefull kunskap och expertis som kan användas i det gemensamma arbetet för trygghet. / In some residential areas a shopping center can be the only natural meeting place. Therefore, it is of great importance that this place feels safe and inclusive, but that is not always the case. A survey made by the City of Stockholm shows that the shopping center is often perceived as the most unsafe place in a residential area, but also the most important for the residents. This contributes to the residents losing an important meeting place and the activities that such a place can offer. The center's development is dependent on its property owner, but they do not always have the ambition or the opportunities to develop the center properties to their full potential. The study primarily aims to investigate which the main functions of a shopping center in a residential area are, but also what purpose the center serves for the local population. The work also aims to investigate which aspects of a center's operations that are most important for the visitor's perceived safety. The property owners' association's work is largely based on safety issues within a geographically limited area. In what way these associations can influence the development of the center, and the area in general, is another angle that is studied in this study. Through interviews, the study's theoretical background and literature review, the hope is to be able to produce the best measures and tools to increase safety in the local centers. To exemplify how work with shopping centers can look like in practice, two study areas have been examined, Vårberg Centrum and Gottsunda Centrum. These have been chosen due to the owners’ different approaches in management of their shopping centers. The study concluded that the shopping center in a residential area is important for the perceived safety in the area. It is a place that, among other things, will contribute with service, meeting places and activities for the residents. Important aspects are the environmental design and that it is clean and neat. Property owners' associations were found to have no mandate to set demands on the shopping center in the area in which they operate, regardless of whether they are members of the association or not. On the other hand, they can assist with valuable knowledge and expertise that can be used in collaborative work towards safety.