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71	Sur les propriétés extrémales de polytopes de Coxeter hyperboliques et de leurs groupes de réflexion Kolpakov, Alexander 19 November 2012 (has links) (PDF) Cette thèse est centrée sur l'étude des polytopes hyperboliques, des groupes de réflexions et invariants associes. Soit G un groupe de Coxeter, sous-groupe de Isom Hn. Alors, il existe un domaine fondamental P ⊂ Hn qui est naturellement associe 'a ce groupe G. Le domaine P est un polytope de Coxeter. Réciproquement, chaque polytope de Coxeter P engendre un groupe de Coxeter agissant sur Hn: le groupe engendre par les réflexions par rapport a ses facettes. Ces réflexions forment un ensemble naturel de générateurs pour le groupe G. On peut donc exprimer la série de d'accroissement fS (t) du groupe G par rapport a l'ensemble S. Par un resultat de R. Steinberg, la série d'accroissement associée correspond a la série de Taylor d'une fonction rationnelle. Le taux d'accroissement τ de G est l'inverse du rayon de convergence de cette dernière. Le taux de convergence est un entier algébrique et, par un resultat de J. Milnor, τ > 1. Par un résultat de W. Parry, si G agit sur H2 de fa¸con co-compacte, son taux d'accroissement est un nombre de Salem. Par un résultat de W. Floyd, il existe un lien géométrique entre les taux d'accroissement des groupes de Coxeter cocompacts et ceux des groupes a co-volume fini agissant sur H2. Ce lien correspond a une image géométrique de la convergence d'une suite de nombres de Salem vers un nombre de Pisot. Dans cette thèse, on verra un phénomène analogue en dimension 3. En dimension n ≥ 4, le taux d'accroissement d'un groupe de Coxeter agissant de fa¸con cocompacte sur Hn n'est plus un nombre de Salem, ni un nombre de Pisot. Nous nous intéressons a une classe particulière de groupes de Coxeter est celle des groupes de Coxeter rectangulaires. Dans ce cas, les domaines fondamentaux sont des poly- topes aux angles diedres droits. Concernant la classe de polytopes rectangulaires compacts (respectivement, 'a volume fini, id'eaux) dans H4, on pose les problèmes suivants: - déterminer le volume minimal dans ces familles, - déterminer le nombre minimal de composante combinatoire (facettes, faces, arêtes, sommets) dans ces familles. Dans le cas des polytopes rectangulaires a volume fini, la solution a été donnée par E. Vinberg, L. Potyagailo et par B. Everitt, J. Ratcliffe, S. Tschantz. Pour les polytopes rectangulaires compacts, il existe seulement une conjecture. Dans cette these, nous repondons a ces questions dans le cas des polytopes rectangulaires id'eaux. [MATH:MATH_CO] Mathematics/Combinatorics [MATH:MATH_GR] Mathematics/Group Theory [MATH:MATH_NT] Mathematics/Number Theory groupe de Coxeter polyèdre hyperbolique série d'accroissement taux d'accroissement nombre de Salem nombre de Pisot
72	Likheter och skillnader i kommuners verksamhetsstyrning : en jämförande fallstudie mellan tre kommuner / Municipalities similarities and differences in management control : a comparative case study between three municipalities Benedicks, Anne, Öberg, Veronica January 2007 (has links) Problem- formulering: Hur fungerar ekonomi- och verksamhetsstyrningen inom den kommunala verksamheten? Hur sätter kommuner mål och hur följs de upp? Är sättet att fastställa mål och mätmetoder likartade eller finns det skillnader? Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur kommunerna Gnesta, Nykvarn och Salem styr sina verksamheter via uppsatta mål och hur de följer upp dem ur ett ekonomiskt- och verksamhetsperspektiv. Metod: En fallstudie har gjorts vid tre kommuner. Primärdata samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Teoretisk referensram: Den teoretiska referensramen baseras på olika formella och informella styrmedel. Som formellt styrmedel behandlas budget medan de informella styrmedel som tas upp är organisationsstruktur, målstyrning, balanserade styrkort, nyckeltal och benchmarking. Empiri: Kapitlet inleds med en presentation av kommunallagen. Vidare presenteras de undersökta kommunernas sätt att styra sina verksamheter. Slutsats: Kommuner uppvisar både likheter och skillnader i sina sätt att fastställa mål och mätmetoder. Den största skillnaden är att kommuner använder olika styrmodeller och därmed mäter, följer upp och analyserar sina uppsatta mål och styrkort på olika sätt. / The main issues: How does the financial and management control work in the actual municipalities? How does the municipalities define their objectives and follow them up? Are there similarities in the way the municipalities define and adopt their objectives? Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to look upon how the municipalities of Gnesta, Nykvarn and Salem control their management by adopted objectives and how they audit them from an economic- and operational perspective. Method: A case study has been implemented at the three municipalities. Primary data was collected via semi-structured interviews. Theoretical: The theoretical frame of reference is based upon various formal and informal means of control. Budget is handled as a formal topic while presented organizational structure, management by objectives, balanced scorecard, business ratio and benchmarking are treated as informal. Empiricism: The chapter begins with a presentation of municipal laws. Furthermore a presentation of the three municipalities way of handling their operations is described. Conclusion: The municipalities show similarities as well as differences in their way to adopt objectives and methods for auditing. The largest divergence is that the actual municipalities uses different methods of control and thus assess, audit and analyse adopted objectives and score cards in different ways. Budget Management by objectives Balanced scorecard Key ratio Financial control Management control Municipalities Ekonomistyrning verksamhetsstyrning Gnesta Nykvarn Salem kommuner budget målstyrning balanserade styrkort nyckeltal Business and economics Ekonomi
73	Delitos inconfessáveis e o agenciamento feminino em a chave de casa e sinfonia em branco Machado, Bruna Farias January 2017 (has links) Os estudos que abordam violência e trauma são, em larga medida, uma constante na literatura brasileira contemporânea. Vindo ao encontro dessa afirmação, a análise comparativa dos romances contemporâneos A chave de casa (2013), de Tatiana Salem Levy, e Sinfonia em branco (2013), de Adriana Lisboa, oferecem um tratamento original a essa temática na medida em que apresentam personagens femininas que subvertem a lógica da relação agressor versus vítima ao se tornarem agentes de violência. A partir dos romances em questão, este estudo visa a analisar de que maneira a memória é afetada pela experiência subjetiva, ou seja, pela percepção do trauma vivido. Para isso, dar-se-á destaque ao modo como as experiências traumáticas se manifestam ao longo das narrativas em termos de linguagem e recursos formais, bem como os efeitos dos acontecimentos no que concerne às reações/ações das personagens. Da mesma forma, buscar-se-á evidenciar em que medida a agência feminina rompe com a lógica binária naturalizada agressor masculino versus vítima feminina e se insere na fronteira de um espaço novo para se pensar o protagonismo feminino. / Studies that address violence and trauma are a constant in contemporary Brazilian literature. Following this trend, the present study analyzes two contemporary novels – A chave de casa (2013), by Tatiana Salem Levy, and Sinfonia em branco (2013), by Adriana Lisboa –, which offer an original treatment to the themes of trauma and violence, as both show women who subvert the logic of the abuser versus victim relationship by becoming agents of violence themselves. Based on these two novels, the present study aims to analyze how memory is affected by subjective experience, that is, by the perception of the trauma experienced. In order to do so, emphasis will be placed on the way traumatic experiences are expressed throughout the narratives in terms of language and formal resources, as well as the effects of events regarding the reactions/actions of the characters. We will also highlight the extent to which feminine agency breaks with the naturalized binary logic of ‘male aggressor versus female victim’, which gives us a new perspective on feminine protagonism. Levy, Tatiana Salem Violência : Mulher Traumas Memória Vítimas de violência Trauma Female Empowering Memory Violence
74	Delitos inconfessáveis e o agenciamento feminino em a chave de casa e sinfonia em branco Machado, Bruna Farias January 2017 (has links) Os estudos que abordam violência e trauma são, em larga medida, uma constante na literatura brasileira contemporânea. Vindo ao encontro dessa afirmação, a análise comparativa dos romances contemporâneos A chave de casa (2013), de Tatiana Salem Levy, e Sinfonia em branco (2013), de Adriana Lisboa, oferecem um tratamento original a essa temática na medida em que apresentam personagens femininas que subvertem a lógica da relação agressor versus vítima ao se tornarem agentes de violência. A partir dos romances em questão, este estudo visa a analisar de que maneira a memória é afetada pela experiência subjetiva, ou seja, pela percepção do trauma vivido. Para isso, dar-se-á destaque ao modo como as experiências traumáticas se manifestam ao longo das narrativas em termos de linguagem e recursos formais, bem como os efeitos dos acontecimentos no que concerne às reações/ações das personagens. Da mesma forma, buscar-se-á evidenciar em que medida a agência feminina rompe com a lógica binária naturalizada agressor masculino versus vítima feminina e se insere na fronteira de um espaço novo para se pensar o protagonismo feminino. / Studies that address violence and trauma are a constant in contemporary Brazilian literature. Following this trend, the present study analyzes two contemporary novels – A chave de casa (2013), by Tatiana Salem Levy, and Sinfonia em branco (2013), by Adriana Lisboa –, which offer an original treatment to the themes of trauma and violence, as both show women who subvert the logic of the abuser versus victim relationship by becoming agents of violence themselves. Based on these two novels, the present study aims to analyze how memory is affected by subjective experience, that is, by the perception of the trauma experienced. In order to do so, emphasis will be placed on the way traumatic experiences are expressed throughout the narratives in terms of language and formal resources, as well as the effects of events regarding the reactions/actions of the characters. We will also highlight the extent to which feminine agency breaks with the naturalized binary logic of ‘male aggressor versus female victim’, which gives us a new perspective on feminine protagonism. Levy, Tatiana Salem Violência : Mulher Traumas Memória Vítimas de violência Trauma Female Empowering Memory Violence
75	John Neal, une écriture-frontière / John Neal's Frontier-Writing Liagre, Sebastien 04 December 2015 (has links) Cette thèse se propose d’étudier comment, à travers sa singulière écriture, John Neal, prenant son contemporain James Fenimore Cooper pour anti-modèle, ambitionne de réformer la littérature américaine, afin de satisfaire au besoin naissant d’indépendance et de renouveau national. Dans une certaine tradition américaine, la frontière est moins une limite territoriale qu’un seuil dynamique, un locus americanus, lieu de tous les possibles. Et c’est bien en ce sens que le romancier du Maine, homme des transgressions, homme de l’entre-deux, écrit «à la frontière» : entre littérature et engagement, entre la scène et la chaire, le masculin et le féminin, l’Indien et le Blanc, sa prose hésite, souvent. Il conviendra en somme d’analyser au plus près cette fabrique alternative de littérarité qu’est l’écriture nealienne, dans l’incertitude des commencements, lorsque l’expression du «génie national» prétend s’instaurer en critère de jugement et faire table rase des modèles d’importation. / This thesis explores how, through his singular writing style, John Neal, using fellow-writer James Fenimore Cooper as an anti-model, sets out to pioneer a thorough reformation of the so-called American literature, in an attempt to satisfy the ever-increasing need for independence and national renewal. In a certain American tradition, the frontier is less a territorial boundary than a « dynamic threshold », a locus americanus where wishful thinking comes true. Thus it is that this transgressive Maine author, a man of the neutral ground, or, rather, of the middle ground, writes «at the frontier»: between literature and committed literature, between the stage and the pulpit, the masculine and the feminine, or the Indian and the white man, his prose often wavers. Hence, our focus will be on the alternative literary vision for « the great Republic of Letters », encapsulated within Neal’s own writing, shaped as it was by the uncertainties of a nation in the making. Those were the days when «national genius» had an edge on European models. Those were John Neal’s days. John Neal Frontière Etats-Unis Littérature américaine XIXe siècle 1776 1692 Salem Sorcière Yankee Brother Jonathan Rachel Dyer Révolution Indépendance Bible Mensonge Nature Indien Rêveur Utilitarisme Cheveux John Neal Frontier United States American literature Nineteenth century 1776 1692 Salem Witch Yankee Brother Jonathan Rachel Dyer Independence Bible Lie Nature Indian Dreamer Utilitarianism Hair
76	Local times of Brownian motion Mukeru, Safari 09 1900 (has links) After a review of the notions of Hausdorff and Fourier dimensions from fractal geometry and Fourier analysis and the properties of local times of Brownian motion, we study the Fourier structure of Brownian level sets. We show that if δa(X) is the Dirac measure of one-dimensional Brownian motion X at the level a, that is the measure defined by the Brownian local time La at level a, and μ is its restriction to the random interval [0, L−1 a (1)], then the Fourier transform of μ is such that, with positive probability, for all 0 ≤ β < 1/2, the function u → \|u\|β\|μ(u)\|2, (u ∈ R), is bounded. This growth rate is the best possible. Consequently, each Brownian level set, reduced to a compact interval, is with positive probability, a Salem set of dimension 1/2. We also show that the zero set of X reduced to the interval [0, L−1 0 (1)] is, almost surely, a Salem set. Finally, we show that the restriction μ of δ0(X) to the deterministic interval [0, 1] is such that its Fourier transform satisfies E (\|ˆμ(u)\|2) ≤ C\|u\|−1/2, u 6= 0 and C > 0. Key words: Hausdorff dimension, Fourier dimension, Salem sets, Brownian motion, local times, level sets, Fourier transform, inverse local times. / Decision Sciences / PhD. (Operations Research) Brownian motion Hausdorff dimension Fourier dimension Salem sets Local times Level sets Fourier transform Inverse local times 519.233 Probabilities Brownian motion processes Fourier transformations Local times (Stochastic processes) Level set methods
77	Empilements de sphères et bêta-entiers Verger-Gaugry, Jean-Louis 09 June 2006 (has links) (PDF) Les objets considérés dans cette thèse sont les empilements de sphères égales, principalement de $R^n$, et les beta-entiers, pour lesquels on utilise indifféremment le langage des empilements de sphères ou celui des ensembles uniformément discrets pour les décrire. Nous nous sommes concentrés sur les problèmes suivants : (i) aspects métriques et topologiques de l'espace des empilements de sphères pour lequels nous prouvons un théorème de compacité qui généralise le Théorème de Sélection de Mahler relatif aux réseaux, (ii) les relations entre trous profonds et la densité par la constante de Delone ainsi que la structure interne asymptotique, en couches, des empilements les plus denses, (iii) les empilements autosimilaires de type fini pour lesquels nous montrons, pour chacun, l'existence d'un schéma de coupe-et-projection associé à un entier algébrique (l'autosimilarité) dont le degré divise le rang de l'empilement, dans le contexte des quasicristaux mathématiques, (iv) les empilements de sphères sur beta-réseaux, dont l'étude a surtout consisté à comprendre l'ensemble discret localement fini $Z_\beta$ des beta-entiers et à proposer une classification des nombres algébriques qui complémente celle de Bertrand-Mathis, reportée dans un article de Blanchard, et où la mesure de Mahler de beta intervient naturellement. [MATH] Mathematics beta-entier beta-réseau beta-numération nombre de Pisot nombre de Salem nombre de Perron quasicristal mathématique ensemble de Meyer ensemble de Delone autosimilarité empilement de sphères recouvrement de sphères pavage groupe cristallographique norme de Marcinkiewicz densité approximation Diophantienne mesure de Mahler
78	Gender-Related Terms in English Depositions, Examinations and Journals, 1670–1720 Lilja, Sara January 2007 (has links) <p>This dissertation focuses on gender-related terms as well as adjectives and demonstratives in connection with these terms used in texts from the period 1670–1720. The material in the study has been drawn from both English and American sources and comes from three text categories: depositions, examinations and journals. Two of these text categories represent authentic and speech-related language use (depositions and examinations), whereas the third (journals) is representative of a non-speech-related, non-fictional text category. While previous studies of gender-related terms have primarily investigated fictional material, this study focuses on text categories which have received little attention so far. </p><p>The overarching research question addressed in this study concerns the use and distribution of gender-related terms, especially with regard to referent gender. Data analyses are both quantitative and qualitative, and several linguistic and extra-linguistic factors are taken into account, such as the semantic domain to which the individual gender-related term belongs, region of origin and referent gender. Adjectives and demonstratives collocating with the gender-related terms are also investigated, as previous research has shown that referent gender has an impact on the use of adjectives as well.</p><p>The results show that the use of gender-related terms is influenced by both region of origin and referent gender. It is suggested that this is due in part to the difference in nature between Early Modern English society and the early American colonies, and in part due to the social roles which men and women had. Referent gender also has an impact on the type of adjectives used in connection with gender-related terms: adjectives collocating with gender-related terms denoting men have positive connotations to a larger extent than do adjectives collocating with their female counterparts; meanwhile, gender-related terms denoting women tend to collocate with negative adjectives. </p> English language adjectives corpus linguistics demonstratives depositions Early Modern English examinations female gender gender-related terms historical sociolinguistics journals male Salem Witchcraft Papers Engelska
79	Gender-Related Terms in English Depositions, Examinations and Journals, 1670–1720 Lilja, Sara January 2007 (has links) This dissertation focuses on gender-related terms as well as adjectives and demonstratives in connection with these terms used in texts from the period 1670–1720. The material in the study has been drawn from both English and American sources and comes from three text categories: depositions, examinations and journals. Two of these text categories represent authentic and speech-related language use (depositions and examinations), whereas the third (journals) is representative of a non-speech-related, non-fictional text category. While previous studies of gender-related terms have primarily investigated fictional material, this study focuses on text categories which have received little attention so far. The overarching research question addressed in this study concerns the use and distribution of gender-related terms, especially with regard to referent gender. Data analyses are both quantitative and qualitative, and several linguistic and extra-linguistic factors are taken into account, such as the semantic domain to which the individual gender-related term belongs, region of origin and referent gender. Adjectives and demonstratives collocating with the gender-related terms are also investigated, as previous research has shown that referent gender has an impact on the use of adjectives as well. The results show that the use of gender-related terms is influenced by both region of origin and referent gender. It is suggested that this is due in part to the difference in nature between Early Modern English society and the early American colonies, and in part due to the social roles which men and women had. Referent gender also has an impact on the type of adjectives used in connection with gender-related terms: adjectives collocating with gender-related terms denoting men have positive connotations to a larger extent than do adjectives collocating with their female counterparts; meanwhile, gender-related terms denoting women tend to collocate with negative adjectives. English language adjectives corpus linguistics demonstratives depositions Early Modern English examinations female gender gender-related terms historical sociolinguistics journals male Salem Witchcraft Papers Engelska
80	Three Indiana women's clubs a study of their patterns of association, study practices, and civic improvement work, 1886-1910 / Owen, Mary Elizabeth. January 2008 (has links) Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008. / Title from screen (viewed on July 8, 2008). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Robert G. Barrows, Nancy Marie Robertson, Marianne S. Wokeck. Includes vitae. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 166-172).

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