This thessis deals with the realization options of automatic measuring device for infrared sensors used in sanitary electronic. The device is designed to work automatically and save all measured data to ERP system.

Dans le but de caractériser les conditions environnementales, hydrologiques et d’usage des sols, menant à la contamination d’un système karstique cette étude combine hydrogéologie et microbiologie environnementale. Les chroniques de température et d’hydrologie (pluviométrie, turbidité, conductivité) de l’hydrosystème karstique de Norville (SO Karst) des 5 dernières années ont été analysées pour trouver une corrélation entre les conditions hydrologiques menant au ruissellement sur le bassin versant et la contamination par E. coli de l’hydrosystème (eau et biofilms). Quinze campagnes de prélèvement d’eau à l’entrée (la perte) et la sortie (la source) du système et de biofilms ont été réalisées. La relation entre l’abondance et la diversité génétique (distribution des phylogroupes) des populations de E. coli circulant dans l’hydrosystème et les conditions hydrologiques et d’usage des sols a été étudiée. Un indicateur de contamination des eaux par E. coli (IndiCE) basé sur l’enregistrement de la température et la pluviométrie et corrélé avec la contamination d’eau de surface et sous terraine par E. coli d’un hydrosystème karstique, simple d’utilisation est proposé. Le rôle de réservoir de pathogène des biofilms karstiques, responsable de contamination secondaire, a été étudié en suivant l’occurrence de E. coli et des intégrons de classe 1 dans des biofilms formés à la source de l’hydrosystème karstique de Norville.Il a été montré en chemostat la capacité de E. coli à former des biofilms sur la craie en condition oligotrophique. In situ E. coli et les integrons de classe 1 peuvent s’associer à des biofilms autochtones sous forme cultivable transitoirement. L’ensemble de ces travaux de thèse a permis de mieux comprendre la dynamique de la contamination par E. coli des hydrosystèmes karstiques, dans l’eau et les biofilms. / In order to assess environmental conditions leading to contamination of a rural karstic hydrosystem this study combine hydrogeology, and environmental microbiology. We focused on a well-characterized chalk karstic hydrosystem (Norville, France) vulnerable to microbiological pollution, of the French national observatory network on karst (INSU/CNRS). Temperature and hydrological time series (pluviometry, turbidity and electrical conductivity) over the past 5 years were analysed in order to correlate hydrological condition leading to run-off on the watershed and E. coli contamination of the hydrosystem. Fifteen sampling campaigns of water and biofilms were carried out in different hydrological conditions, on the surficial watershed (i.e. the upstream part of the system) and at the spring downstream. That has been used to determine periods more subject to soil bacteria leaching and input in the hydrosystem. Finally, relationships between abundance and genetic diversity (phylogroup distribution) of E. coli population in the hydrosystem waters, hydrological conditions and land use were investigated. An hydrological indicator (IndiCE) based on the analysis of pluviometry, conductivity, turbidity and temperature time series has been constructed to assess the vulnerability of such karstic hydrosystem to E. coli contamination according to hydrological conditions. The role of karstic biofilm as pathogens reservoir and class 1 integrons, responsible of secondary contamination, has been studied recording E.coli occurrence in karstic biofilms sampled at Norville’s spring. It has been showed in reactor E. coli capacity to form biofilms on chalk in oligotrophic conditions. In situ cultivable E. coli and class 1 integrons can integrate autochthonous biofilms transiently. E. coli population structure in biofilms is significantly the same than in spring water. This thesis work allowed to a better understanding of E. coli contamination dynamic in water and biofilm of karstic hydrosystem.

Orientador: Marcus Cesar Avezum Alves de Castro / Resumo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo principal analisar a incorporação dos critérios do meio físico na seleção de áreas para implantação de aterros sanitários nos processos de licenciamento ambiental no Estado de São Paulo. A investigação foi realizada a partir da análise de estudos ambientais de aterros sanitários (EIA/RIMA e RAP) apresentados para a Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo (CETESB), em atendimento ao processo de licenciamento ambiental no Estado de São Paulo. A avaliação da incorporação dos critérios na seleção das áreas nos processos de licenciamento baseou-se em aterros sanitários localizados nas áreas de alta, média e baixa vulnerabilidade à contaminação de águas subterrâneas, conforme Mapa de Vulnerabilidade à Contaminação de Águas Subterrâneas do Estado de São Paulo (IG/DAEE/CETESB, 1997). Foram selecionados um (01) aterro na área de alta vulnerabilidade, dois (02) na de média vulnerabilidade e três (03) na área de baixa vulnerabilidade. A análise dos critérios do meio físico dos EIA-RIMA foi pautada nos capítulos de “Alternativas Locacionais” e “Diagnóstico do Meio Físico”. Com base nos resultados da avaliação dos relatórios ambientais verificou-se que, usualmente, o meio físico não foi considerado determinante na seleção da área de implantação do aterro, predominando critérios financeiros na escolha locacional dentre as alternativas apontadas para cada área. Quanto à caracterização do meio físico apresentada nos relatórios, ela atendeu, em linhas g... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main objective of this study was to analyze the incorporation of the criteria of the The main objective of this study was to analyze the incorporation of the criteria of the physical environment in the selection of areas for the implementation of sanitary landfills in environmental licensing processes in the State of São Paulo. The investigation was carried out based on the analysis of environmental studies of sanitary landfills (EIA/RIMA and RAP) presented to the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (CETESB), in compliance with the environmental licensing process in the State of São Paulo. The evaluation of the incorporation of the criteria in the selection of the areas in the licensing processes was based on sanitary landfills located in areas of high, medium and low vulnerability to groundwater contamination, according to the Map of Vulnerability to Groundwater Contamination of the State of São Paulo (IG/DAEE/CETESB, 1997). One (01) landfill was selected in the area of high vulnerability, two (02) in the area of medium vulnerability and three (03) in the area of low vulnerability. The analysis of the criteria of the physical environment of the EIA-RIMA was based on the chapters "Local Alternatives" and "Diagnosis of the Physical Environment". Based on the results of the evaluation of the environmental reports, it was verified that, usually, the physical environment was not considered determinant in the selection of the area of implementation of the landfill,... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Following large rain events, extraneous freshwater contributions known as inflow and infiltration (I/I) bypass the storm sewer and enter the sanitary sewer system. In areas with a high water table, like Pinellas County and the surrounding Tampa Bay area, a majority of the wastewater infrastructure is submerged year round exacerbating the rate of groundwater infiltration. This excess flow overloads the existing wastewater infrastructure leading to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). These SSOs result in serious problems for municipalities and utilities across the country. This study was performed in order to assist Pinellas County Utilities in rehabilitating their southern sewer system. To do this, 59 sub-basins across 8 sewer zones were monitored through Pinellas County’s Phase 1 Flow Monitoring Program accounting for over 150 miles of gravity pipe. For each sub-basin, a flow meter was utilized to measure the flow from May to October, 2017. This data was analyzed to separately quantify the amount of infiltration and inflow in each sub-basin, respectively. Once quantified, a Severity Index (SI) was developed in order to give each sub-basin a score from 1-100 as it relates to the condition of the gravity mains in the sub-basin. The SI was a function of locational features available with the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS), such as the distance to water bodies and the soil hydrologic group (SHG), as well as intrinsic pipe properties including the type of pipe material and the age of pipe. Once validated with additional flow monitoring data, the developed SI framework can serve as an additional tool utilized by Pinellas County Utilities to identify areas in need of sanitary sewer rehabilitation. Being that the model only requires easily attainable information, this approach is less time consuming and is inexpensive as compared to traditional flow monitoring efforts. The study also examined the required monetary investment by Pinellas County Utilities in order to abate the 17 sub-basins observed in the study with an infiltration rate greater than the marginal threshold put forth by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The study indicated that gravity pipe rehabilitation does not make a significant impact on groundwater infiltration until at least 30% of the gravity pipes in the sub-basin are lined. This is due to the groundwater table submerging a majority of the wastewater infrastructure. Once this threshold is met, lining was observed to abate groundwater infiltration linearly. The results found that $4.4 million will be required to rehabilitate the affected sub-basins to a marginal rate of infiltration and reduce the flow to South Cross Bayou Water Reclamation Facility (SCBWRF) by an average of 0.72 mgd (million gallons per day). On an annual basis, this reduction in flow will result in approximately $650,000 in treatment costs savings.

The Sanitary Dignity Framework (2019) is a policy that aims to preserve and maintain indigent girls' and women's dignity during menstruation. In South Africa, the term “sanitary dignity”, can be equated to what the rest of the world recognizes as menstrual hygiene management (MHM). Sanitary dignity or MHM is centred around the provision of menstrual health hygiene products (MHPs) such as tampons and sanitary pads to anyone who menstruates and cannot afford to purchase MHPs for themselves. Limited of access to MHPs, water and sanitation facilities, and privacy make it impossible for vulnerable menstruators to achieve sanitary dignity. This policy excludes street-based homeless menstruators as it only makes provisions for those who have access to state-funded institutions such as; quintile 1, 2, and 3 schools, mental institutions, hostels, places of care, and prisons. Street-based homeless menstruators are marginalized twofold; they reside on the streets and they menstruate. This dissertation discusses how the social exclusion of street-based homeless menstruators within the Sanitary Dignity Framework strips them of their fundamental right to dignity by denying them access to the sanitary dignity they are entitled to.

This thesis aims to understand the use of political messages as part of a branding strategy through a discourse analysis. The empirical material consists of two campaigns advertising female sanitary products; Always #LikeAGirl (2014) and Libresse Blood Normal (2017), with a purpose to understand the incorporation and the adaptation of activist and feminist discourse in these commercial campaigns. What happens to feminism as a political project and struggle when its key ideas and discourses are co-opted by market forces, and how this kind of advertising is used in the process of building brands.The theoretical framework consists of critical perspectives on Postfeminism, Counterculture in relation to consumer culture and Transmedia storytelling. The campaigns are understood in a Swedish context. In the analysis two nodal points are identified; Active/healthy femininity and Responsibility, where the subject positions within the campaigns and the understanding of the subject positions of the campaigns in a marketing context are explored. By formulating different (political) problems in their marketing, Libresse and Always has the discursive power to position themselves as part of the solution to the problem of girls and women’s low self-esteem. On one hand, the solution includes consuming female sanitary products or interact with the brand on social media. On the other hand this means that the brands position themselves as political actors, advocating women’s rights.

The health of the students in a class is of vital importance to every teacher because of the relationship between health of the students and their performance in school. Especially is this true of the Physical Education instructor and coach, whose job it is to work with the students in physical activities. High school teachers assume that the students in the elementary school have been taught the correct health practices. Whether the student is practicing the habit taught is a question that few teachers can answer. The only basis the teacher has for his answer to this question is observation of appearance, the performance of the student, and occasionally, answers to questions. After five years of teaching health and physical education on the secondary level, the writer became very interested in finding out just what the health habits of the boys and girls of Stockton High School actually consisted of, how much of their instruction in the elementary schools had been retained, and how much instruction had been given and retained since entering the secondary level.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of copper on the treatment of an abandoned landfill leachate by a Modified Ludzack Ettinger (MLE) single-sludge, activated sludge treatment system. MLE systems are designed to accomplish nitrification and denitrification, and at least two systems were used: one to which copper was added, and one maintained as a control. The system that did not receive copper additions gave an indication of the treatability of the leachate by an MLE system. Copper was added at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mgCu/L in the influent and the sludge age was varied from 8 to 30 day. It was determined that copper did inhibit nitrification and denitrification. A strong linear relationship was shown to exist between the specific copper loading on the system, that is the total copper entering the system within a day divided by the total biomass within the system, and the soluble copper concentration within the system. The adsorption of copper by the activated sludge, and the resulting soluble copper concentration in the mixed liquor, could be generally described by the Freundlich Isotherm. Intermittent inhibition of nitrification unrelated to copper addition also occurred during treatment of the landfill leachate which was obtained from the abandoned Dixie Caverns Landfill near Roanoke, Virginia. The inhibiting substance was not identified during this study. It did not significantly inhibit denitrification, but did cause elevated effluent suspended solids concentrations. An additional treatment step would be needed for reliable treatment of the leachate. Copper additions caused inhibition of both nitrification and denitrification. The degree of nitrification and denitrification inhibition was a strong function of the soluble copper to ML VSS ratio in the reactors, i.e., the toxin -to -microorganism (TIM) ratio. Nitrification and denitrification appeared to be equally sensitive to copper. Both were severely inhibited at a soluble copper to ML VSS ratio of 0.001 in aerobic and anoxic reactors, respectively. Nitrosomonas species were more strongly inhibited by copper concentrations than were the Nitrobacter species. The denitrifiers appeared to be as sensitive to copper as the Nitrosomonas species. / Master of Science

School health programs, composed of activities and services, are organized to meet the health needs of the students in the college environment. The type and extent of the program varies with each educational institution according to its own specific resources. The factors determining the scope include (1) the size, location, and financial resources of the college; (2) the type and composition of' the student body; (a) tile number of students including dormitory and apartment type on-campus living; (4) the professional health personnel; and (5) the community health resources.

I denna uppsats analyseras nio stycken förpackningar för bindor från tre olika varumärken; Always, Ica och Libresse. Detta för att se hur de visuella attributen påverkar föreställningen om menstruation och den menstruerande personen. Förpackningar har olika roller men i denna uppsats är det rollen som kommunikatör som står i fokus, alltså den envägskommunikation som förpackningarna står för. Analysen har skett i två steg med en visuell analys samt en diskursanalys och grundar sig i ett genusvetenskapligt perspektiv med teorier som till största del följer den inriktningen. Att det ligger vissa förväntningar i vad en kvinna förväntas föredra för visuella attribut har påverkat designen av dessa förpackningar och därmed föreställningen om menstruationen. De visuella attributen som identifierades på förpackningarna uttrycker att menstruation är något som bör hanteras. Det är helst något som man inte vill bli påmind om och därför distanseras sig från. Förpackningarna visar tydliga indikationer på att de riktar sig till kvinnor och den menstruerande kvinnokroppen anses som något problematiskt. Att den biologiska kroppen samt dess funktioner inte är det som avgör hur man själv upplever sin könsidentitet samt hur den ska definieras, är något som genomsyrar hela denna uppsats.