Este estudo disserta sobre práticas de membros do movimento escoteiro no Rio Grande do Sul, com especial foco no trabalho voluntário. Assim como investiga o momento de passagem da etapa etária chamada de ramo pioneiro, que caracteriza para o movimento escoteiro o período de três anos onde um jovem se torna um adulto ao completar seus 21 anos de idade. Para tanto, foi realizada pesquisa de campo através de observação-participante durante período aproximado de dois anos (de janeiro de 2011 a novembro de 2012), além de quatro entrevistas em profundidade. Como recurso adicional foi ainda realizada prática fotoetnográfica, cujo resultado está aqui integrado. Tendo como principal problemática investigar os sentidos que são dados para os valores defendidos pelo movimento escoteiro em relação ao voluntariado, utilizou-se as categorias de “dádiva de si” e de “engajamento” para explicar questões levantadas ao longo deste estudo sobre a ideologia que defende o trabalho voluntário como fator essencial no programa pedagógico e na conformação de identidades destes jovens. / This study dissertates about the practices of the scout movement´s members in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with special focus on voluntary work. Otherwise, it investigates the passing moment of an age stage called rover section, which characterizes for the scout movement the period of three years where a young becomes an adult by turning 21 years old. It was realized a fieldwork research through participant-observation for a period of approximately two years (from January, 2011 to November, 2012), and four interviews as compliment. As additional resource it was realized photoethnographic practices, which results are integrated to this study. Having as principal aim to investigate the senses that are given for values defended by the Scout Movement in relation to voluntarism, it was used the categories of “give of self” and “engagement” to explicate questions raised along this study about the ideology that defends the voluntary work as essential factor in the educational program and in the conformation of identities of this youths.

La présente thèse situe un groupe de francophones en position minoritaire et suit son ascension et son affirmation sociale et culturelle dans une arène dominée par une identité anglo-saxonne. Nous avançons que les scouts qui faisaient partie de la 41e Notre-Dame, sous le contrôle de la Boy Scouts Association of Canada depuis sa fondation en 1918, ont d'abord été pris en main par le clergé ottavien. C'est après la fondation de la Fédération des scouts de la province de Québec par le Cardinal Villeneuve que les troupes ottaviennes sont devenues, tout comme toutes les troupes scoutes du Canada français, sujettes au noyautage de l'Ordre de Jacques Cartier (OJC). Le lien intime qui s'est développé entre les membres de l'OJC et les scouts d'Ottawa est un exemple concret de « groulxisme appliqué », thème utilisé par l'historien Michel Bock.

Using two experiments, where children either rolled dice or solved a matrix task, we examined whether scouts are more honest than non-scouts. In the first experiment, participants completed a matrix task. The papers were then shredded, and participants self-reported the number they had correctly solved. After analysing the results, we found that 10.81 % of scouts and 13.04 % of non-scouts lied. This difference, between the honesty of scouts and non-scouts, was not statistically significant. There was no perceived effect from being scout on the individual's honesty, as well as from taking the scout promise, or years of experience in a scout organization on the scout's honesty. In the second experiment, participants rolled the dice privately. According to value rolled, participants could either take (1, 2, 3), or leave (4, 5, 6), a Kinder chocolate reward. Statistically, participants would be expected to take the reward 50 % of the time. This was the case for the scouts group, the results did not differ statistically from 50:50, but not for the non-scouts. However, the difference between scouts and non-scouts was not statistically significant, indicating that there is no significant difference in honesty between scouts and non-scouts. Thus, our hypothesis that scouts are more honest than non-scouts was not supported.

This thesis focus on strategic analysis of NGO. The first part describes theoretical strategic tools that are used in the second part to analyse specific organization. The organization is called Junák-svaz skautů a skautek ČR and it is a scout organization of the Czech Republic. It is the biggest Czech organization that provides leisure time activities for children and young people. The aim of this thesis is to analyse its position on the market of leisure activities and to indicate possibilities of its future development.

This work deals with personnel management in nonprofit organization and is looking for parallels between the HR management of staff and volunteers. It is built on the principles of analogy of functional HR management in the commercial sector and their subsequent time into the basic methodology for non-profit organization. Besides the theoretical section describing the general principles of personnel, and includes a methodological part for leading nonprofit organizations representing specific steps for the management of volunteers.

The amount of information transmitted in automation systems has grown exponentially, since the modern digital protection and control devices had been introduced. These systems with different features, limited data flow and the mutual incompatibility were mostly based on the principles defined by vendors themselves. The international communication standard IEC 61850 was created with the aim of introducing definite rules and the structure into the communication part of the electrical substations with the application of the latest technologies. This standard also emphasises the mutual interoperability of the different vendors´ devices. This thesis is focused on the comprehension of basic principles, the practical application and the testing of digital protections with IEC 61850 communication standard implemented. The first part of my thesis is a theoretical one and describes basic principles, services and possibilities of the abstract communication model defined by IEC 61850 standard. The second part of my thesis describes the configuration of IEC 61850 communication standard of the protective terminal REF 542plus with the partial support of this standard including only the vertical communication and the subsequent testing using the OMICRON's testing tool IED Scout. The third part of my thesis is focused on the configuration of the feeder protection REF615 which has fully implemented IEC 61850 standard covering both vertical and horizontal communication by means of the GOOSE messages and the subsequent testing using the ABB's testing tool ITT600 SA Explorer. The testing of both protective devices was carried out in the laboratory of the protection relays on the testing panels at ABB PPMV Brno. The conclusion summarizes the contributions of IEC 61850 communication standard and there are also compared the engineering procedures of the protective terminal REF 542plus and the feeder protection REF615.

The aim of this study is to examine the gender effects of the introduction of coeducation in the Swedish scout and guide movement in the late 1960’s. Using Simone de Beauvoir’s concept of transcendence and immanence, the study initially focuses on the differences between and characteristics of the two social communities formed by the female-only Swedish Girl Scout Association (Sveriges Flickors Scoutförbund) and the male-only Scout Association of Sweden (Sveriges Scoutförbund). The focus is on how the two associations constructed gender, and how the differences are to be interpreted. It is clear from the study that the transcendence of the individual girl was an important educational goal in the Girl Scout Association’s construction of gender. With the organization’s intellectual roots in the reform-pedagogics’ movement, it stressed independence and self-reliance, and fostered an egalitarian, non-hierarchical outlook on the Girl Scout movement nationally and internationally. The individual Girl Scout’s ability to act morally was presumed to be intrinsic. The male Scout Association, on the other hand, being pedagogically closer to the original ideas of Scouting’s founder Baden-Powell, focused on discipline, adventure, physical training and regulation by external, universal rules in its construction of gender. These differing educational approaches fit in well with the results of the gender based research on scouting. Subsequently, the study compares these results with the new, coeducational programme launched in 1968, seven years after the merger of the two single sex associations into the joint Swedish Scout and Guide Association (Svenska Scoutförbundet). The questions in focus in this part of the study are which characteristics of the respective single sex associations prevailed, and how the merger can be understood from a gender perspective. The coeducational programme mainly reflected the previous values of the male-only Scout Association of Sweden. However, the new programme was not just a brush-up of the previous Boy Scout approach, but rather the thitherto-greatest break with the educational tradition carried on and step by step developed from Scouting for Boys. The need for such radical changes was most likely prompted by the fact that the Boy Scout movement of Sweden was finding itself increasingly out of touch with the post-war society.

The effects of birth order on achievement have been under investigation continually resulting in reported prominence of first born children in various areas of achievement. The purpose of this study was to provide further investigation into the effects of birth order on the achievement hypothesis using the attainment of the Eagle Scout Award as the dependent variable. Five hypotheses were formulated from a review of literature which included: (1) boys in the first born position are more likely to attain the Eagle Scout Award than boys in later born positions, (2) family income is associated with attaining the Eagle Scout Award, (3) high scores on the Ignoring scale by the mothers are associated with attaining the Eagle Scout Award, (4) high scores on the Dominance scale by the mothers are associated with attaining the Eagle Scout Award, (5) low scores on the Possessive scale by the fathers are associated with attaining the Eagle Scout Award. One hundred ten families with at least one son who had attained the Eagle Scout Award were included in the study. Each parent was asked to complete a questionnaire which provided information concerning family demographics such as parents' birth order, birth order and sex of children, highest scouting award of male children and the father, religious attendance of parents and scouts, education level of parents, occupations of parents, and family income. Parents were asked to report the supportive actions they provided for their sons in scouting activities and their perceived strength of the troops' programs, and importance of selected individuals to their sons attaining the Eagle Award. Chi-square tests calculated for the formulated hypotheses gave the following results: (1) boys from later born positions were just as likely to attain the Eagle Scout Award as boys in the first born position, (2) families of lower income levels were just as likely to have multiple Eagles within their families as families of higher income levels, (3) mothers who scored low on the Ignoring scale were just as likely to have multiple Eagles in their families as mothers who scored high on the Ignoring scale, (4) mothers who scored low on the Dominance scale were just as likely to have multiple Eagles in their families as mothers who scored high on the Dominance scale, (5) fathers who scored high on the Possessive scale were just as likely to have multiple Eagles in their families as fathers who scored low on the Possessive scale.

Parmi les nitrures III-V, le matériau InGaN a été intensément étudié depuis les années 2000 pour des applications photovoltaïques, en particulier pour des cellules multi-jonctions, grâce à son large gap modulable pouvant couvrir quasiment tout le spectre solaire. On pourrait alors atteindre de hauts rendements tout en assurant de bas coûts. Cependant, l’un des problèmes de l’InGaN est l’absence de substrat accordé en maille provoquant une grande densité de défauts et limitant ainsi les performances des composants. Nous avons donc étudié la faisabilité de cellules solaires simples jonctions à base d’InGaN sur des substrats alternatifs comme le silicium et le verre afin de baisser les coûts et d’avoir de larges applications. Afin d’adapter l’InGaN sur ces substrats alternatifs, nous avons utilisé une couche tampon en ZnO. Ce travail a été réalisé dans le cadre du projet ANR NewPVonGlass. Plus particulièrement, dans ce projet, mon travail avait pour objectifs de réaliser des caractérisations électriques et optiques des matériaux et des composants. Les deux premières parties de cette thèse introduisent le matériau InGaN et l’effet photovoltaïque. Les techniques de caractérisation utilisées sont expliquées dans le troisième chapitre. Ensuite, les résultats obtenus lors de la caractérisation cristalline du matériau InGaN sont présentés en fonction du substrat, de la concentration d’indium et de l’épaisseur de la couche. Puis, la cinquième partie développe les caractérisations des premières cellules à base d’InGaN sur saphir. Enfin, dans le dernier chapitre, des simulations de cellules solaires à base d’InGaN ont été réalisées. Le modèle développé nous a permis d’optimiser la structure et le dopage du composant et de déterminer les paramètres critiques. Nous montrons donc, dans ce travail, le développement d’une cellule solaire à base d’InGaN : des caractérisations des matériaux de base à celles des cellules solaires, en passant par la modélisation. / Among III-V nitrides, the InGaN material has intensively been studied since the year 2000 for photovoltaic applications, in particular for multi-junction solar cells, thanks to its large tunable band gap covering almost the entire solar spectrum. Then, it will be possible to reach high efficiency and low cost. However, one of the problems of InGaN material is the absence of lattice-matched substrate leading to high defect density which limits device performances. We have thus studied the feasibility of single junction InGaN based solar cells on alternative substrate such as silicon and glass in order to lower the price and to benefit from their wide application fields. To adapt InGaN material on these new substrates, we have utilized ZnO buffer layer. This work has been carried out within the framework of the ANR project NewPVonGlass. More particularly, in this project, I was in charge of the electrical and optical characterizations of the materials and devices. In the two first parts of this manuscript, the InGaN material and the photovoltaic effect are introduced. Then, the characterization techniques are explained in the third chapter. In the fourth part, the results obtained during crystalline characterization of the InGaN materials are presented depending on the substrate, the indium percentage and the InGaN layer thickness. Then, the fifth chapter presents the first InGaN-based solar cell characteristics on sapphire substrate. Finally, in the last part, simulations of InGaN-based solar cell have been performed. The developed model was able to optimize the structure and to determine the critical parameters. Thus, we have shown in this work the development of an InGaN-based solar cell from the base material characterizations to the device tests, through modeling.

This thesis deals with Ferdinand Schlögel-Merzin's (1899-1983) early works related to the 1913 Scout summer camp led by Josef Hendrych. It was set up at the Bohemian Paradise near the site of Kumburk castle ruins. In addition to the analysis of Schlögel-Merzin's diary and memoirs, the thesis also aims to provide information on the origination of Czech Scouting with respect to Schlögel-Merzin and his influence. The thesis also contains the inventory of Schlögel-Merzin's personal fonds, stored in the Literary archive of the Museum of Czech Literature. The collection includes material from the entire Schlögel-Merzin's creative period, mainly unpublished manuscripts - poems, poetry collections, prose, plays or travelogue lectures - and archive documents connected to his writing or travels to foreign countries in the 1920s and 1930s.