Denna studie undersöker hur förskollärare tolkar begreppet matematikundervisning i en förskolekontext med avseende på pedagogisk planering och genomförande. Denna utgångspunkt för undersökning ger möglighet att studera begreppet undervisning som inte finns i förskolans läroplan idag men kommer införas i nästa revidering. Undersöknings fokuserar på hur matematikundervisning i förskolan förstås utifrån en förskollärares perspektiv, hur förskollärarna arbetar för att integrera matematiken i den dagliga verksamheten samt vilka möjligheter och utmaningar som finns med matematikundervisningen i förskolan.   Studien avänder en kvalitativ ansats med semistrukturerade intervjuer som forskningsverktyg. Genom individuella intervjuer med fyra förskollärare försöker studien besvara  hur förskollärare ser på ämnet i fokus. Det teoretiska ramverket för studien utgår från ett didaktiskt perspektiv där vi använt oss av de didaktiska frågorna (vad, hur och varför) för att skapa både frågeställningar, intervjufrågor samt sammanställa insamlad empiri och svara på studiens syfte och frågeställningar.     Studiens resultat visar att de intervjuade förskollärarna ser matematik i förskolan som mycket viktigt eftersom det är här förskollärarna lägger grunden som barnen sedan kan använda sig av i skolan. Förskollärarna tar även upp att de arbetar med undervisning i förskolan dagligen och att införandet av begreppet undervisning i förskolans läroplan inte kommer ha någon större påverkan på hur de planerar och genomför sin dagliga verksamhet. I studien har även framkommit hur förskollärarna arbetar för att integrera matematiken med hjälp av olika material och barnens intressen. Förskollärarna har även diskuterat möjligheter och utmaningar med matematikundervisning i förskolan.

La recherche sémantique de l'information a connu un nouvel essor avec les nouvelles technologies du Web sémantique. Des langages standards permettent aujourd'hui aux logiciels de communiquer par le biais de données écrites dans le vocabulaire d'ontologies de domaine décrivant une sémantique explicite. Cet accès ``sémantique'' à l'information requiert la disponibilité de bases de connaissances décrivant les instances des ontologies de domaine. Cependant, ces bases de connaissances, bien que de plus en plus riches, contiennent relativement peu d'information par comparaison au volume des informations contenu dans les documents du Web.La recherche sémantique de l'information atteint ainsi certaines limites par comparaison à la recherche classique de l'information qui exploite plus largement ces documents. Ces limites se traduisent explicitement par l'absence d'instances de concepts et de relations dans les bases de connaissances construites à partir des documents du Web. Dans cette thèse nous étudions deux directions de recherche différentes afin de permettre de répondre à des requêtes sémantiques dans de tels cas. Notre première étude porte sur la reformulation des requêtes sémantiques des utilisateurs afin d'atteindre des parties de document pertinentes à la place des faits recherchés et manquants dans les bases de connaissances. La deuxième problématique que nous étudions est celle de l'enrichissement des bases de connaissances par des instances de relations.Nous proposons deux solutions pour ces problématiques en exploitant des documents semi-structurés annotés par des concepts ou des instances de concepts. Un des points clés de ces solutions est qu'elles permettent de découvrir des instances de relations sémantiques sans s'appuyer sur des régularités lexico-syntaxiques ou structurelles dans les documents. Nous situons ces deux approches dans la littérature et nous les évaluons avec plusieurs corpus réels extraits du Web. Les résultats obtenus sur des corpus de citations bibliographiques, des corpus d'appels à communication et des corpus géographiques montrent que ces solutions permettent effectivement de retrouver de nouvelles instances relations à partir de documents hétérogènes tout en contrôlant efficacement leur précision. / Semantic information retrieval has known a rapid development with the new Semantic Web technologies. With these technologies, software can exchange and use data that are written according to domain ontologies describing explicit semantics. This ``semantic'' information access requires the availability of knowledge bases describing both domain ontologies and their instances. The most often, these knowledge bases are constructed automatically by annotating document corpora. However, while these knowledge bases are getting bigger, they still contain much less information when comparing them with the HTML documents available on the surface Web.Thus, semantic information retrieval reaches some limits with respect to ``classic'' information retrieval which exploits these documents at a bigger scale. In practice, these limits consist in the lack of concept and relation instances in the knowledge bases constructed from the same Web documents. In this thesis, we study two research directions in order to answer semantic queries in such cases. The first direction consists in reformulating semantic user queries in order to reach relevant document parts instead of the required (and missing) facts. The second direction that we study is the automatic enrichment of knowledge bases with relation instances.We propose two novel solutions for each of these research directions by exploiting semi-structured documents annotated with concept instances. A key point of these solutions is that they don't require lexico-syntactic or structure regularities in the documents. We position these approaches with respect to the state of the art and experiment them on several real corpora extracted from the Web. The results obtained from bibliographic citations, call-for-papers and geographic corpora show that these solutions allow to retrieve new answers/relation instances from heterogeneous documents and rank them efficiently according to their precision.

This Minor Field Study was carried out during November and December in 2011 in the Mount Elgon District in Western Kenya. The objective was to examine nine small-scale farming household´s land use and socioeconomic situation when they have joined a non-governmental organization (NGO) project, which specifically targets small-scale farming households to improve land use system and socioeconomic situation by the extension of soil and water conservation measures. The survey has worked along three integral examinations methods which are mapping and processing data using GIS, semi structured interviews and literature studies.   This study has adopted a theoretical approach referred to as political ecology, in which landesque capital is a central concept. The result shows that all farmers, except one, have issues with land degradation. However, the extent of the problem and also implemented sustainable soil and water conservation measures were diverse among the farmers. The main causes of this can both be linked to how the farmers themselves utilized their farmland and how impacts from the climate change have modified the terms of the farmers working conditions. These factors have consequently resulted in impacts on the informants’ socioeconomic conditions. Furthermore it was also registered that social and economic elements, in some cases, were the causes of how the farmers manage their farmland. The farmer who had no significant problem with soil erosion had invested in trees and opportunities to irrigate the farmland. In addition, it was also recorded that certain farmers had invested in particular soil and water conservation measures without any significant result. This was probably due to the time span these land measures cover before they start to generate revenue.  The outcome of this study has traced how global, national and local elements exist in a context when it comes to the conditions of the farmers´ land use and their socioeconomic situation. The farmers atMt.Elgon are thereby a component of a wider context when they are both contributory to their socioeconomic situation, mainly due to their land management, and also exposed to core-periphery relationships on which the farmers themselves have no influence.

This thesis considers exhibitions in natural history museums as a process of negotiation between three parties: the museum as an institution, the museum staff, and the visitors. These represent different interests that shape exhibitions relating to nature. The thesis asks the following main question: In what way do discourses play a role in the staff’s work within natural history museums? The empirical sources are based on interviews conducted with staffmembers from eight different natural history museums: six in Austria and two in Norway. The interviews are analysed based on the principles of discourse psychology and critical discourse analysis. The theoretical framework is based on postmodernism as a reaction and countermovement to modernism. Kant’s theory of knowledge, the concept of representation and discourse theory are considered in relation to one another and form an ontological departure for the epistemology. The methodology combines critical discourse analysis and discourse psychology as applied to conversational text. The discourse analysis reveals different discourses concerning the museum as institution, professional museum staff, and the visitors. The thesis concludes that the museum as institution is characterised by a knowledge culture/tradition that was particularly substantiated during the Enlightenment. In turn, the knowledge tradition is characterised by discourse that places expectations regarding the procedures of the employee, but also through the visitors’ expectations as to what a museumis and what the exhibitions provide them with. The employees meet the museum understood as discourse through mainly three different strategies for how exhibitions should function. I call these strategies ‘action promotion’, ‘communication focus’ and ‘political context’. In this way, the identities and actions of the employees depend considerably on their personal relationship to the museum as a concept and discourse, as well as to the visitors’ presumptions, expectations and experiences concerning museums. / Diese Master-Arbeit betrachtet die Ausstellung eines naturgeschichtlichen Museums als Ergebnis eines Verhandlungsprozesses zwischen drei Parteien mit unterschiedlichen Interessen: dem Museumspersonal, dem Museum als Institution sowie dem Publikum. Die Hauptfragestellung der Arbeit lautet: In welcher Weise spielen Diskurse in der Arbeit derwissenschaftlichen Angestellten naturgeschichtlicher Museen eine Rolle? Der theoretische Rahmen der Arbeit basiert auf dem Postmodernismus als einer Reaktion auf und Gegenbewegung zum Modernismus. Kants Erkenntnistheorie, das Konzept der Repräsentation sowie die Diskurstheorie bilden zusammen die ontologische Grundlage der Epistemologie. Die Methodologie kombiniert gesprächsbezogene kritische Diskursanalyse und Diskurspsychologie. Das empirische Material besteht aus Interviews mit wissenschaftlichen Angestellten acht naturgeschichtlicher Museen, davon sechs in Österreich und zwei in Norwegen. Die Diskursanalyse deckt unterschiedliche Diskurse hinsichtlich des Museums als Institution, der wissenschaftlichen Angestellten sowie des Publikums auf. Die Arbeit schlussfolgert, dass das Museum als Institution von einer Wissenskultur gekennzeichnet ist, die insbesondere in der Zeit der Aufklärung begründet ist. Diese Kultur ist insofern diskursgeprägt, als dass sie bestimmte Erwartungen an die Arbeit des Museumspersonals beinhaltet, aber auch durch die Erwartungen des Publikums an ein Museum und seine Ausstellungen. Die Angestellten nähern sich dem Museum als Diskurs, in dem sie hauptsächlich drei verschiedene Strategien im Hinblick auf die Funktion von Ausstellungen verfolgen: Inspiration zu eigenständigem Handeln (”Handlungspromotion”),auf das Publikum zugeschnittene Kommunikation (”Kommunikationsfokus”) sowie Einbeziehung politischen Kontexts. Insofern hängen Identität und Handeln der Angestellten stark von ihrer persönlichen Beziehung zum Museum als Konzept und Diskurs ab, ebenso wie von ihren Annahmen bezüglich der Erwartungen des Publikums und dessen Erfahrungen mit Museen.

Around 30,000 people in Sweden suffer stroke every year, out of which about 12,000 end up with language difficulties, aphasia. Behind every person with aphasia there are significant others whose lives are also affected. Studies of how aphasia affects the health of these people are few. The overall aim of the present study was to examine how significant others of people with aphasia perceive their life situation, and how their quality of life is affected by the illness of their partner. Spouses of people with aphasia were contacted through aphasia groups and the Swedish Aphasia Association. A total of eleven people participated in the study, which consisted of the health survey SF-36 and semi-structured interviews. The results indicated that men, working people, and people at retirement age are at risk of having a lower health-related quality of life, by living with a person suffering from aphasia. Other factors that seemed to contribute to a lower quality of life were; a more severe aphasia, a big work load at home, less mutual activities as a couple, and a general decrease of communication in everyday life. The conclusion is therefore, that the health-related quality of life is at risk of becoming negatively affected by living with a person who suffers from aphasia. / Varje år insjuknar cirka 30 000 personer i stroke i Sverige och av dem drabbas cirka 12 000 av språkliga svårigheter i form av afasi. Bakom varje person med afasi finns det anhöriga, vars liv också påverkas. Hur afasin påverkar den anhöriges hälsa är inte väl studerat. Det övergripande syftet med föreliggande studie var därmed att undersöka hur anhöriga, till personer med afasi, uppfattar sin egen livssituation, samt hur deras livskvalitet påverkas av den närståendes sjukdom. Partner till personer med afasi kontaktades genom afasigrupper och afasiföreningar. Totalt valde elva personer att deltaga i studien, vilken bestod av hälsoenkäten SF-36 samt en semistrukturerad intervju. Resultaten pekade på att män, yrkesverksamma och personer i pensionsålder riskerar att få en lägre hälsorelaterad livskvalitet av att leva med någon med afasi. Övriga faktorer, som tycktes bidra till en lägre livskvalitet, var en svårare afasi, en hög börda i hemmet, färre gemensamma aktiviteter som par samt en generell försämring av kommunikationen i vardagen. Slutsatsen är därmed att den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten riskerar att påverkas negativt av att leva med en person som drabbats av afasi.

This study aim’s to examine how conceptions regarding culture and ethnicity influence the daily work of personnel in integration projects financed by the European Social Fund (ESF). The method of this study was individual semi-structured interviews with nine persons working in three different projects. The reason why we have chosen these specific projects was because of their work with immigrant participants. Concepts that our study is based on was culture and ethnicity, but also the theory considering in-groups and out-groups. The result of our study shows that the personnel acknowledge the importance of individual adaptation in the work with the participants, but with awareness considering cultural expressions based on their origin. The answers of the personnel also reveal a cultural hierarchy in the Swedish society. We found out that discrimination from employers is mainly based on the immigrant’s lack of Swedish linguistics. The personnel consider the knowledge of language to be one of the most important factors for immigrants when integrating into a new society. Some of the personnel mentioned that cultural prejudices affect their refutation in the meeting with immigrant participants.

This study explores Environmental Storytelling techniques and whether these can beused in combination with each other to lead a player through a game scene in aspecific pattern, affect the player’s narrative and exploratory view and explorewhether Self-paced Exploration can be combined with these techniques.It is a qualitative study conducted by six gaming sessions with accompanyinginterviews in which six people get to play one of three versions of the same gamescene. The only differences between the scenes are the different guidance techniquesused. The informants' movement patterns are identified and interviews recorded byaudio, as well as screen recording. The results shows that Environmental Storytellingtechniques can very well be used to control the player's exploration patterns, bothnarratively and navigation purposes and Self-paced Exploration can be utilized to agreater efficiency in combination with these. / Denna studie behandlar Environmental Storytelling -tekniker och huruvida dessa kananvändas i kombination med varandra för att leda en spelare genom en spelscen i ettvisst mönster, påverka spelarens narrativa och utforskande uppfattning samt utforskahuruvida Self-paced Exploration kan kombineras med detta. Det är en kvalitativstudie utförd genom sex enskilda spelsessioner med tillhörande intervjuer där sexpersoner får spela en av tre versioner av samma spelscen. Spelscenernas endaskillnader är de olika vägledningstekniker som används. Informanternasrörelsemönster kartläggs och intervjuerna spelas in genom ljud, såväl somskärminspelning. Resultatet påvisade att Environmental Storytelling -tekniker mycketväl kan användas till att styra spelares utforskningsmönster, både narrativt ochnavigationsmässigt, samt att Self-paced Exploration kan utnyttjas till en störreeffektivitet i kombination med dessa.

Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka hur musikstudenter med individuell undervisning upplever fenomenet relationen till sina lärare, på och utanför lektionstid. För att kunna uppnå detta syfte utgår studien från följande forskningsfrågor: Vilken relation erfar musikstudenter med individuell undervisning att de har till sina lärare?, Hur erfar studenterna den kommunikation som sker utanför undervisningens ramar? och Hur ser en önskad relation till en lärare ut enligt studenterna? Studien är en kvalitativ fallstudie på en svensk högskola med fyra musikstudenter och tar ett avstamp i det teoretiska perspektivet fenomenologi. Forskningsmetoden för studien är semistrukturerade intervjuer, som sedan transkriberats och analyserats med tematisk analys. Resultatet presenteras i tre övergripande teman, en för varje forskningsfråga. Dessa tre temana är relationen till lärare, kommunikation utanför undervisningens ramar och en önskad relation. Det första, fenomenet relationen till lärare, präglas av en variation av upplevelser och beskrivs i ett spektrum från nära privata relationer till opersonliga relationer. Den sammantagna slutsatsen gällande relationen till lärare är att upplevelserna varierar beroende på vilken lärare och vilken student relationen gäller. Det andra temat rör kommunikationen mellan lärare och studenter. Här erfar studenterna det som praktiskt med kommunikation via sms, Facebook Messenger och tal. Däremot är studenterna kritiska till lärare som pratar skitsnack om andra studenter. I det tredje temat beskrivs fenomenet en önskad relation. Slutsatsen kring detta är att en önskad relation ska vara ett samarbete och att studieresultatet är viktigare än relationen till läraren. I det påföljande diskussionskapitlet sätts resultatet i förhållande till tidigare litteratur och forskning samt det teoretiska perspektivet fenomenologi. / The purpose of this study is to examine how music students with one-to-one tuition experience the phenomenon of the relationship with their teachers, on and off lesson. In order to achieve this purpose, the study is based on the following research questions: What relationship do students with individual education experience with their teachers?, How do the students experience the communication that goes beyond the framework of the teaching? and What does a desired relationship with a teacher look like according to the students? The study is a qualitative case study at a Swedish university with four music students and takes its starting point in the theoretical perspective phenomenology. The research method for the study is semi structured interviews, which were subsequently transcribed and analysed with thematic analysis. The result is presented in three overall themes, one for each research question. These three themes are the relation to teachers, communication outside the framework of the teaching and a desired relationship. The first theme, the relationship to teachers, is characterized by a variety of experiences and is described in a spectrum from close private relations to impersonal relationships. The overall conclusion regarding the student relationship to the teacher is that the experiences vary depending on which teacher and student the relation is between. The second theme concerns communication between teachers and students. The students experience it as practical with communication via SMS, Facebook Messenger and speech. On the other hand, the students are critical of teachers who speak in negative ways about other students. In the third theme, the phenomenon a desired relation is described. The conclusion about this is that a desired relationship should be a collaboration and that the student’s study result is more important than the relationship with the teacher. In the following discussion chapter, the result is put in relation to previous literature and research and the theoretical perspective phenomenology.

of disertation Rhythmic gymnastics (RG) is the only Olympia sport of girls and women and it is characterized by precision, fluency and elegance of movement that emphasizes feminine beauty and grace. At present, there is no coherent concept of long-term sports training of talented gymnasts in Czech RG. The outflow of athletes is evident especially during prepubescence. Basic RG preparation aims gradual development of motor abilities, practice of sports (gymnastics) skills and the beginning of specialized techniques based on the principle of comprehensive movement base. This period (in rhythmic gymnastics between 7-9 years of gymnasts) for further performance growth is very substantial, in terms of content and in terms of training forms and influence of trainers (coaches). Defining the content of movement and gymnastic activities determines the path of development athletes and also defines (for caoches) performance criteria in each age category. The aim of disertation was to verify correspondence between published scientific theories and trainers experience of coaching using the Repertory Grid Technique. Along the way sixteen semi-structured interviews with selected experts was achieved interpersonal and intrapersonal data. Experts in the preparation of RG agreed on the fact that in practice a set of...

Title: Concept of marketing communication of the Czech handball federation Objectives: The aim of this thesis is create a project presenting proposals for the improvement of the marketing communication of the Czech handball federation. These proposals will be based on analyzing and evaluating the current state of the marketing communication of the Czech Handball federation. Methods: The necessary data for this thesis was collected by qualitative methods. These methods include an analysis of relevant documents, a semi-structured interview with communications specialist of the Czech handball federation and structured interviews with active players and fans. The theoretical part was completed by a study of academic literature. Results: The result of the thesis is the proposal of the new marketing communication, which is based on the found strengths and weaknesses of the current one. The proposal is based on the real possibilities of the Czech handball federation. The proposal is mainly composed of financially low-cost tools - online marketing, PR, and sales promotion. Keywords: handball, Czech handball federation, marketing communication, semi-structured interview, interview using the instruction