Tidigare forskning inom studentliv och studenternas framgång är ett väl undersökt område. Könsskillnader, känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) och socialt stöd är några av de faktorer som har visats påverka studenternas akademiska self-efficacy. Studiens syfte var att undersöka relationen mellan kön, KASAM, socialt stöd och studenternas akademiska self-efficacy. 124 högskolestudenter i Mellansverige deltog genom att svara på en enkät bestående av College Academic Self-efficacy Scale, Social Support Questionnaire 6 (SSQ6) samt Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13). Materialet analyserades med Pearsonkorrelation, regressionsanalys och t-test. 14.3% av variansen i studenternas akademiska self-efficacy förklarades av samtliga prediktorer (kön, KASAM och socialt stöd). Män visade sig ha högre akademisk self-efficacy än kvinnor. Ett positivt samband hittades mellan KASAM och akademisk self-efficacy, samt socialt stöd och akademisk self-efficacy. Studien har bidragit med ytterligare kunskap om studenternas situation. Detta kan leda till förbättrad skolmiljö som ökar studenternas akademiska self-efficacy.

Studier som undersöker hemlösa människors upplevelser med annat fokus än det elände de befinner sig i kan bidra med förståelse och kunskap som behövs för att kunna hjälpa de sämst ställda. Det salutogena begreppet känsla av sammanhang (KASAM) hos försäljare av Situation Sthlm, en grupp hemlösa, före detta hemlösa och socialt utsatta människor, är inte tidigare känt och syftet med den här studien är att kvantitativt undersöka var på KASAM-13 skalan försäljare av Situation Sthlm befinner sig och kvalitativt att beskriva hur fyra individer ur urvalet upplever och beskriver sin känsla av sammanhang.   Slutsatser av studien kan sammanfattas i att levnadsvillkor påverkar en persons känsla av sammanhang, att försäljare av Situation Sthlm har KASAM-värden (54,67 p.) långt från medelvärdet i en befolkningsundersökning (70.83 p.) och att en låg skattning på KASAM Livsfrågeformulär (under medelvärdet 54,67) inte behöver betyda att en person inte upplever känsla av sammanhang i sitt liv och omvänt, en hög skattning (över medelvärdet 54,67 p.) inom undersöknings-gruppen försäljare av Situation Sthlm av KASAM behöver inte betyda att en person upplever känsla av sammanhang. / Studies examining homeless people's experiences with different focus than the misery they are in can help with understanding and knowledge needed to help people in need. The salutogenetic concept sense of coherence (SOC) of vendors of Situation Sthlm, a group homeless, formerly homeless and socially vulnerable people, is not known and the purpose of this study is to quantitatively examine where on the SOC-13 scale vendors of Situation Stockholm is placed and qualitatively to describe how four individuals from the sample perceive and describe their sense of coherence.  Conclusions from the study can be summarized in that living conditions affect a person's sense of coherence, that vendors of Situation Sthlm has SOC-values (54,67 p.) far from the mean in a population survey (70,83 p.) and that a low score (below 54,67 p) of the SOC Life Questionnaire does not necessarily mean that a person does not experience a sense of coherence in life and conversely, a high SOC-score (above 54,67 p.) within the study  group vendors of Situation Sthlm  does not mean that a person experience sense of coherence.

I denna c-uppsats har vi eftersträvat en förståelse kring vilka omständigheter som hjälper kvinnor utsatta för människohandel för sexuella ändamål att gå vidare och bygga upp ett nytt liv. För att nå denna förståelse har en kvalitativ intervjustudie genomförts där personer som hjälper dessa kvinnor har delat med sig av sina erfarenheter och kunskaper. Utifrån deras uttalanden har det i analysen gått att urskilja fem teman som beskriver de hjälpande omständigheterna. Dessa teman beskriver bland annat hur kvinnorna tar sig ifrån sina människohandlare med hjälp av andra, hur de beskrivs som starka överlevare, hur kvinnorna behöver tid, uppmuntran och få ordning på praktiska bitar samt hur nätverk och en framtidstro kan ge dem styrka. Dessa omständigheter, som framkom hjälpa kvinnorna att bygga upp ett nytt liv, tolkades sedan utifrån den salutogenetiska modellen med fokus på generella motståndsresurser samt en känsla av sammanhang. Med stöd av dessa teoretiska utgångspunkter framkom hur vissa generella motståndsresurser går att se i de hjälpande omständigheterna samt hur kvinnorna då verkar kunna skapa sig en känsla av sammanhang. Detta sammantaget skulle kunna förklara varför just dessa omständigheter hjälper kvinnorna att skapa sig ett nytt liv. / In this study we have attempted to create an understanding of which circumstances help women who are victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation to go ahead and build a new life. To achieve this understanding a qualitative interview study was made where people who help these women shared their experience and knowledge. Based on their statements five themes, that describe the helping circumstances, have been identified in the analysis. These themes describe for example how women get away from their traffickers through others, how they are described as strong survivors, how they need time, encouragement and to get order in practical issues and how relationships and a hope for the future can give them strength. These circumstances, which emerged help women to build a new life, were then interpreted based on the salutogenic model with focus on general resistance resources and a sense of coherence. With these theories as a starting point, it became clear how some general resistance resources can be seen in the helping circumstances and how the women seem to be able to find a sense of coherence. Taken together, this could explain why these circumstances help women build a new life.

The aim of this study is to describe and analyse an elderly care team’s prerequisite to anchor a salutogenic perspective and approach in an elderly care team in Kalmar municipality. The study identifies factors that could impede or promote the anchoring and examine how the organisation aims to work in a single direction even if the multidisciplinary team processes a diversity of knowledge, education and abilities. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews from representatives of all professions in the multidisciplinary team; social workers, paramedical professions, nurses and care-givers. The theoretical frame consisted of a translating perspective, leadership and ideas of interaction and power. The anchoring will be impact by the team’s member’s background and relation to the new method and organization. Therefore is it vital that the multidisciplinary care team strive to achieve a consensus, a consensus of how the salutogenic perspective and approach in different ways will affect their work.

The aim of this quantitative study was to from a gender perspective understand and measure the mental health among young people as a sense of managing to handle situations and also how satisfied young people are with their personal qualities. The study also aims to see if there is a connection between these two ways of explaining mental health. This study takes its standpoint from a gender theory and gender stereotypes. The study was conducted as a survey with 100 young girls and boys, all of whom was students of a Swedish upper secondary school. The result of the study show that young people in general has a good sense of being able to handle situations. There was as expected a difference between young girls and boys to be found, girls had in general a lower sense of managing to handle situations. Regarding the sense of being satisfied with the personal qualities, the girls and boys in this study show a general picture of being quite satisfied with their personal qualities. It has also shown that many of the results of this study is depending of gender and the beliefs and structures there is in society about how to be a “good” man or woman.

Changes in South Africa's political and economic sphere demand the democratisation of the workplace, participation and empowerment of the work force. Flatter hierarchical structures, as a result of downsizing, enhance involvement but also demand that workers function in a more autonomous manner. The use of self-managing work teams has increased in response to these competitive challenges. Self-managing work teams are groups of employees who are fully responsible for a well-defined segment of finished work that delivers a product or a service to an internal or external customer. The functioning of self-managing work teams, in terms of the systems model, can be described as certain inputs that help the team to perform certain tasks and follow processes in order to achieve certain outputs. Inputs include the motivation, skills and personality factors of team members, while the tasks and processes refer to problem solving, conflict resolution, communication and decision making, planning, quality control, dividing of tasks, training and performance appraisal. These inputs and processes lead to outputs such as efficiency, productivity and quality of work life. To date empirical studies regarding self-managing work teams in South Africa focused on the readiness of organisations for implementing these teams. Little research has been done on characteristics of successful self-managed work group members. Findings regarding members of self-managing work teams elsewhere in the world couldn't uncritically be applied to South Africa, because of widely different circumstances. Research on dispositional factors such as sense of coherence, self-efficacy, locus of control and the big five personality dimensions could therefore help to identify predictors of effectiveness that can be validated in consecutive studies for selection purposes in a self-managing work team context in South Africa. The objective of the research was therefore to determine the relationship between dispositional characteristics of members of a self-managing work team and the effectiveness and quality of work life of these members. A cross-sectional survey design was used. The sample included members of self-managing work teams (N = 102) from a large chemical organisation and a financial institution in South Africa. The Orientation to Life Questionnaire, a Self-efficacy Scale, the Locus of Control Questionnaire and Personality Characteristics Inventory were used to measure the dispositional variables. Quality of work life (measured as consisting of satisfaction, commitment to the organisation and commitment to the team) and self-rated team member effectiveness were used as dependent variables. Descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman correlations, canonical correlations and structural equation modelling were used to analyse the data and investigate the relationships between the various dispositional characteristics quality of work life and effectiveness of the team members. The results showed practically significant positive relationships between sense of coherence, self-efficacy, autonomy, external locus of control and internal locus of control on the one hand, and quality of work life and effectiveness of the team members of self-managing work teams on the other hand. Of the big five personality dimensions only openness was associated with commitment to the team in terms of the quality of work life. Stability, extraversion and openness were associated with the self-rated effectiveness of the team members of self-managing work teams. The structural equation modelling showed that there is a positive path from the dispositional characteristics to the satisfaction, commitment and self-rated effectiveness of the team members. The dispositional characteristics will also enhance the members' experience of role clarity and mediate the effects of job-induced tension on the members' self-rated effectiveness. Satisfaction of the team members moderate the relationship between the dispositional characteristics and commitment, as well as mediate the effects of job-induced tension on the commitment of the team members. Organisations implementing self-managing work teams can benefit from developing and enhancing these dispositional characteristics in their selected team members and could also validate these dispositional characteristics in terms of selection criteria for self-managing work team members. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2004.

Baggrund: At være bærer af MRSA er en udfordring for et stigende antal borgere. For den enkelte indebærer det at være bærer at skulle leve med en viden om, at man kan smitte og fremkalde infektion hos den nærmeste familie eller andre, man kommer i tæt berøring med. For samfundet indebærer forekomsten af et reservoir af resistente bakterier en risiko for spredning fra det omgivende samfund ind på sygehusene med efterfølgende problemer ved behandling af akutte og alvorligt syge patienter. Formål: At opnå en dybere forståelse af, hvilken betydning det har for bærernes oplevelse af sammenhæng og dermed for sundheden for den enkelte, at være bærer af MRSA ieget hjem. Metode: Et kvalitativt studie med åbne interview af 12 bærere og 4 pårørende med anvendelse af Grounded Theory som analysemetode. Resultater: Borgerne oplever det at være bærer af MRSA som en uklar og forvirrende tilstand mellem sundhed og sygdom. Undersøgelsen identificerer kernekategorien ”Mangelfuld information”, som udløser følelser som forvirring og utryghed, meningsløshed, stress og vrede. Dette resulterer i manglende compliance, bekymringer for fremtiden og stigmatisering. Øget stress påvirker oplevelsen af sammenhæng hos bærerne og deres nærmeste i negativ retning. Særligt tyngede er bærere og pårørende, som arbejder indenfor omsorgs-og plejeområdet. Konklusion: Arbejdet afdækker mangler i primærsektorens håndtering af opgaven, specielt vedrørende korrekt information til MRSA-bærerne og deres nærmeste, som i nogle tilfælde kan påvirke bærernes oplevelse af sammenhæng og egen sundhed i negativ retning. Stigmatisering og grov diskrimination af MRSA-bærere kan være et resultat af manglende viden i MRSA-bærernes netværk og lokalområde. / Background: More and more citizens are carrying MRSA. Consequently, they mustcope with the knowledge of being a potential health risk for their families and close relations. For society,the carrierembodiesa reservoir and a risk of spreading resistant bacteriafrom the community into hospitals, resulting in problems with the treatment of patients in intensive and acute care wards. Purpose: This qualitative study aimed to deepenknowledge of the impactof MRSAon the Sense of Coherenceand Healthfor carriers living at home. Method: Thisqualitative study used Grounded Theory to analyze interviews with twelve carriers and four relatives. Results: The carriers describedthe experience of colonization with MRSA as a strange,unclear,and confusing state between sickness and wellness. The studyidentifiesacore category(i.e., “Inadequate information”)that causes emotional reactions among carriers and family members, including anxiety, insecurity, confusion, inadequate compliance, worries aboutthe future,and stigmatization. Increased stress negatively influences carriers’ and family members’sense of coherence. This was especially true infemale carriers and relatives who work in health and social carebecause they risk becominga health risk to their patients or clients. Conclusion: Thisstudy reveals inadequacy in the Primary Health Care System regarding the quality of information provided to MRSA-carriers and their relatives. Such inadequacynegatively affects carriers’Sense of Coherenceand health. Lack of knowledge in the network and local area can stigmatize MRSA carriers, making them susceptible tosevere bullying / <p>978-91-86739-51-5</p>

Bakgrund: Palliativ vård utförs i hela vårdkedjan, från hemsjukvård till specialistvård på institution. Palliativ vård bygger på en helhetssyn som tryggas genom patientcentrerad vård där patientens delaktighet har en central roll. Syfte: Belysa vuxna patienters upplevelser av delaktighet då de vårdas i livets slutskede. Metod: Studien är en systematisk litteraturstudie främst baserad på metodik beskriven av Forsberg och Wengström (2013). Resultat: Temat möjligheter och hinder i upplevelsen av sin delaktighet växte fram, med fyra kategorier under sig: hantering av sin sjukdomssituation, överväldigande ny levnadssituation, bli sedd som individ och inte bli sedd som individ. Det framkom att patienter i livets slutskede fann möjligheter att vara delaktiga i sin vård genom införskaffandet av kunskap om sin sjukdom och sin framtid. Denna kunskap skapade förståelse över situationen hos patienterna, vilket gav dem redskap att lättare hantera och delta i sin vård. Upplevda hinder till delaktighet visade sig vara då patienterna upplevde sig förbisedda av vårdpersonal. Slutsats: Vuxna patienters upplevelser av delaktighet då de vårdas i livets slutskede går inte att beskriva som ett ensamt fenomen, utan behöver beskrivas utifrån en helhetssyn av patienten.  Den unika patienten bildar en dynamisk helhet, och behöver bemötas som den unika individ den är. / Background: Palliative care is performed throughout the continuum of care, from home care to specialized care in an institution. Palliative care is buildt on a holistic approach that is secured through patient-centered care where the patient's participation is central. Objective: Highlighting adult patients' experiences of participation when they are cared for in late stage palliative care. Method: The study is a systematic literature review mainly based on the methodology described by Forsberg and Wengström (2013). Results: The theme opportunities and obstacles in the experience of their participation emerged, with four categories below: the management of their disease situation, overwhelming new living situations, be seen as an individual and not to be seen as an                                    individual. It was discovered that patients in the late stage palliative phase found opportunities to participate in their care by gathering knowledge about their disease and their future. This knowledge created understanding, giving them the tools to manage and participate in their care. An obstacle to patients’ participation appeared to be when the patients experienced neglect by health professionals. Conclusion: Adult patients' experiences of participation when they are cared for in late stage palliative care cannot be described as a single phenomenon, but needs to be described by an integrated approach of the patient. The unique patient forms a dynamic whole, and needs to be treated as the unique individual he/she is.

Bakgrund: Alzheimers sjukdom är den vanligaste demenssjukdomen. Anhöriga tar ofta ett stort ansvar över sin närstående med sjukdomen. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan uppmärksammar samt ger stöd och information till anhöriga för att möjliggöra en vardag med god livskvalitet. Syfte: Att beskriva anhörigas upplevelser av livet tillsammans med en närstående som har Alzheimers sjukdom. Metod: En litteraturöversikt innefattande 16 artiklar med kvalitativ design. Artiklarna analyserades genom induktiv analys vilket resulterade i två huvudkategorier och sju underkategorier. Resultat: Anhöriga upplevde en förändrad livssituation fylld av starka emotioner såsom sorg, skuld, skam, rädsla och oro. Även känslan av att vara isolerad och förlora sitt normala liv uttrycktes. Att ta ett vårdande ansvar för sin närstående innebar förändrade roller i relationen. Anhöriga utvecklade strategier i vardagen för att hantera tillvaron och uttryckte ett behov av stöd och kunskap. Slutsats: Ett samband kan ses mellan komponenterna begriplighet, hanterbarhet och meningsfullhet och anhörigas upplevelser av känsla av sammanhang. För att få en ökad förståelse för närståendes förändrade beteende behövs information och stöd. Vidare forskning kring information och stöd till anhöriga gällande Alzheimers sjukdom anses relevant. / Background: Alzheimer's disease is the most common dementia disease. Family members often take great responsibility over their close relatives with the disease. It's important for nurses to pay attention and provide support and information to family members in order to manage good quality of life. Objective: To describe family members experience of everyday life together with a close relative who has Alzheimer's disease. Methods: A literature review including 16 articles with a qualitative design. The articles were analysed by an inductive analysis, resulting in two main categories and seven subcategories. Results: Families experienced an altered life situation filled with strong emotions such as sadness, guilt, shame, fear and concern. Feelings of being isolated and losing their normal life was expressed. Taking a caring responsibility for their close relative involved changing roles in the relationship. Families developed strategies to handle everyday life and expressed a need for support and knowledge. Conclusions: A connection is seen between the components of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness, and relatives' perceptions of sense of coherence. To gain a better understanding of the changing behaviour of close relatives, information and support are needed. Further research about information and support to family members regarding Alzheimer's disease is relevant

Psychology / (D. Litt et Phil.(Psychology ))