According to earlier studies, men dominates the sports pages in Swedish newspapers. The gender balance is far from equal and the purpose of this thesis is therefore to look into how Swedish local and regional newspapers covered gender in their sports pages during the year of 2013. The study also examines the news values of men’s and women’s sports, whether there are any differences compared to previous studies and whether there are any differences across the country. The study uses a quantitative content analysis and the result is based on editorial material from six randomly selected newspapers in 18 randomly selected days. We have analyzed 2005 separate units in 108 copies of newspapers. The study shows, as in previous studies, that the news feed is mainly concentrated on sports practiced by men, and it isn’t any significant differences across the country regarding the coverage of gender. Sports practiced by men also have a higher newsworthiness since it gets more space and are more promoted on the frontpages of the newspapers. The conclusion is therefore that sports practiced by women are marginalized as a deviation from the male norm.

Submitted by Bruno Soares Machado (bruno@3comunica.com.br) on 2015-10-26T14:38:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaFinalBM.pdf: 15822313 bytes, checksum: a1551da3adb21fcc0c057e00c84b4e9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2015-10-29T13:54:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaFinalBM.pdf: 15822313 bytes, checksum: a1551da3adb21fcc0c057e00c84b4e9f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2015-10-30T11:25:33Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaFinalBM.pdf: 15822313 bytes, checksum: a1551da3adb21fcc0c057e00c84b4e9f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-30T11:25:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertaFinalBM.pdf: 15822313 bytes, checksum: a1551da3adb21fcc0c057e00c84b4e9f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-25 / The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the interaction between press offices of Brazilian municipalities and local newspapers. To this end, two municipalities are analyzed, observing the relationship between the public relations arm of mayoral offices and salient press vehicles. The study evaluates how often newspapers publish government releases on their pages - which may suggest the extent of press independence. Case studies examine the cities of Bauru and Piracicaba, - which, besides being prosperous cities, located in the state of São Paulo, have several characteristics in common, such as the number of inhabitants, the municipal budget, economic output and human development Index scores. The study thus uses a similar systems, controlled comparison to understand variation in local media independence in one of Brazil`s wealthier regions. The analysis broaches the theory of agenda setting, and the relationship between media and democracy. Research shows that there is a high degree of correspondence between governmental press releases and local newspaper coverage in the city of Bauru. Whereas the Jornal da Cidade aired matters related to City Hall, including identical to full or partial releases, 48% of the time, in the case of the Jornal de Piracicaba, only 5% of the news items contained text partially or completely related to releases published by the mayor`s office. The evidence thus indicates a high degree of governmental media capture in Bauru and high independence in Piracicaba. An analysis of both cities illustrates that the most likely explanation has to do with media competition or the lack thereof. / O objetivo dessa dissertação consiste em analisar a interação entre assessorias de imprensa de prefeituras brasileiras e jornais locais. Para tal, dois municípios são analisados, observando a relação existente entre as assessorias e os veículos. É verificado, por exemplo, a frequência com que estes publicam releases governamentais em suas páginas, o que fornece um indício chave do grau de independência da mídia local. Apresentam-se dois estudos de caso, realizado com as cidades de Bauru e Piracicaba - que, além de serem cidades prósperas, localizadas no interior do Estado de São Paulo, apresentam diversas características que as aproximam, como: número de habitantes, orçamento municipal, PIB e IDH - permitindo comparar e analisar a relação das assessorias de comunicação de suas prefeituras, com um jornal impresso local diário, de cada uma das cidades. Embasa o trabalho na teoria do agenda setting, e da relação entre mídia e democracia. Procura-se compreender ainda, de acordo com a literatura, os outros papéis da mídia, como watchdog e gatekeeper. A pesquisa demonstra que existe alto grau de correspondência na cidade de Bauru, onde 48% das vezes em que o Jornal da Cidade veiculou matérias relacionadas a prefeitura, ele o fez aproveitando de forma integral, ou parcial (com pequenas alterações), os releases enviados pela assessoria de comunicação da prefeitura. Já no caso de Piracicaba, apenas 5% das vezes em que o Jornal de Piracicaba veiculou matérias relacionadas à prefeitura, ele o fez aproveitando de forma integral, ou parcial (com pequenas alterações), os releases enviados pela assessoria de comunicação da prefeitura. Quando publica matérias sobre a prefeitura, o Jornal de Piracicaba publica matérias com 1773 caracteres, em média. Enquanto o Jornal da Cidade apresenta uma média de 2453 caracteres.

The purpose of this study is to collect data on the current practices of coaching as applied in an incubated environment to report on the influence of coaching on entrepreneurial goal-setting behaviour. Previous research has indicated that much criticism has been lobbied at government programmes aimed at providing entrepreneurship development and support, some recognition has been given to some of these government initiatives as well as the progress achieved by some. It is further stated in the Global Entrepreneurship Report (2012) that a number of national experts commend the existence of business support agencies (such as the Small Enterprise Development Agency). A number of significant findings materialized from the current study where it was found that coaching influences entrepreneurial behaviour and that a need exists for more in-depth coaching sessions specifically focused on entrepreneurship in the South African context. Further to this it was found that a need exists for entrepreneurs to be coached by other entrepreneurs and that the role of a coach should be clarified to set realistic expectations from the onset of the intervention. These findings are in agreement with some of the key recommendations from South African national experts as cited in the GEMS 2012 report. The current research adds to the body of research on coaching in general. It also contributes specifically entrepreneurial development programmes in the South African context. The outcome from this research has implications for business coaches, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial development/support agencies as well as those who provide training and incubation programmes for entrepreneurs. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

I övergripande kollektivavtal på svensk arbetsmarknad framgår en strävan efter ett positivt samband mellan lön, motivation och resultat som en följd av individuell lönesättning. Denna studie undersöker individuell lönesättnings eventuella påverkan på arbetsmotivation hos lärare, kort efter att en statligt finansierad lönesatsning hade höjt lönerna för många av dessa. Studien har i huvudsak kvalitativ ansats och har genomförts med hjälp av ett teoretiskt ramverk bestående av self determination theory, teorier om avund och rättviseteori. För att undersöka om individuell lönesättning påverkar grundskollärares arbetsmotivation genomfördes intervjuer med 8 respondenter på två skolor i en svensk kommun, som även fick besvara en enkät om arbetsmotivation. Studiens resultat tyder på att individuell lönesättning förvisso kan föranleda positiva arbetsmotivationseffekter hos personer som premieras med högre lön, men att de som missgynnas i den individuella lönesättningen riskerar att få mindre självdeterminerad arbetsmotivation och/eller minska sin arbetsinsats för att utjämna upplevd orättvisa. Utöver detta riskerar individuell lönesättning att försämra relationer mellan kollegor, vilket kan innebära att arbetsmotivation blir mindre självdeterminerad, både hos den som främjas av individuell lönesättning och den som missgynnas.

Master Thesis "Criteria for selection of news from the European Parliament into the Czech media" deals with the factors that affect the classification of reports about events in the European Parliament in the Czech print and online journals as well as defining characteristics that are typical for these reports. In the theoretical part presents political and media communication and logic and goes to the main concepts of news production, such as agenda setting, framing and priming. This Thesis is also about media and intermedia agenda and presents the information already known concerning the relationship between the European Union and the media. Research is a part of practical section. It's aim is to map by content analysis the characteristics typical for reporting about the European Parliament as a specific institution of the European Union. Further aim is the verification of assumptions based on previously conducted research abroad focusing on the theme of the EU. Trying to better determine what characters show mass media content which is to the Czech public the main source of information about European structures by large extends. The Thesis also tries to answer the question often discussed the lack of presentation of the European agenda in news media agendas, the communities of the European Union...

Financial scandals worldwide have led to an auditing profession crisis. Society has lost confidence in the profession because of a growing perception that it does not act in the public interest, but in its own interest only. The way in which the auditing profession is regulated may impact positively or negatively on the value of the audit function. Consequently there is danger that the profession may lose its very reason for existence. Conversely, the profession has an opportunity to re-invent itself, and by so doing, regain the trust of society. The South African auditing profession, as elsewhere, has begun to recognise this situation as an opportunity to introduce changes to the regulation of the profession. These regulations are the key to society’s willingness to trust the outcome of the audit process. While the current regulations are obviously flawed, it is believed that, once revised, society may regain confidence and trust in the profession and its services. To this end the Draft Auditing Profession Bill, 2004 was published in November 2004. In this thesis the profession’s regulations, including the Draft Auditing Profession Bill, 2004, are evaluated in terms of factors that are central to an effective and credible regulatory system. The burning issues involving the auditing profession are also identified in this study, and evaluated. In comparison with changes already made in other countries, it appears that those important regulatory system factors and the key public interest issues of credibility and trust are inadequately addressed by the proposed auditing profession regulations. The fundamental reasons for this failure are the proposed composition and financing of the regulator and associated bodies. Hence, in this study a normative framework for regulating the auditing profession in South Africa is proposed in an effort to regain society’s trust. / Thesis (DCom (Accounting Sciences))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Auditing / unrestricted

The purpose of the current study was to examine the Psychological Intervention Strategies (PIS) that are used by coaches for male soccer teams in South Africa to enhance the performance of the national soccer teams. National soccer coaches for male teams (n = 4) completed a questionnaire and attended in-depth interview. Results from both the questionnaire and in-depth interview revealed a lack of knowledge of PIS which was further supported by the data from the analysis. While some of the coaches did not utilise goal setting and relaxation in their coaching responsibilities, the current results further show that these soccer coaches do not utilise mental imagery as well. These results suggest that the SAFA soccer coaches could not integrate PIS in the coaching. Although the results cannot be generalised there is evidence that the SAFA trained soccer coaches demonstrate inadequacy in using PIS in their soccer coaching. The study finds that soccer coaches are psychologically under-prepared for their arduous task of soccer coaching. By implication the players are also mentally under-prepared that they cannot face their peers competitively. Current studies point to this psychological preparedness as the psychological momentum.

People are not always rational, rely on heuristics and are influenced by situational factors being conducive to biased decisions. Hence, the decision outcome cannot be explained by consumers’ preferences exclusively. This offers opportunities to service managers to steer the decision outcome into a desirable direction by a beneficial design of situational factors. In contrast to the discussed opportunities, situational factors can also become a pitfall for researchers and managers. I show that situational factors may compromise the validity of research results based on self reports in a service context, because the reported scores of research participants may be biased. Three perspectives related to service management are distinguished in this thesis: First, the customer independently of the service provider; second, the interaction of customer and service provider; third, the service provider independently of the customer. From the perspective of the customer, I investigate the impact of different defaults in a customization process on the decision outcome of different types of customers. From the perspective of the customer and service provider interaction, I point out a new solution to overcome a dilemma related to service productivity. Finally, from the perspective of the service provider, the possible contamination of service related constructs by socially desirable responding is examined.

Als Sonderorganisation der Vereinten Nationen soll die UNESCO als rechtlich selbstständige Organisation mit eigener Rechtspersönlichkeit zur Erreichung des Gesamtziels der Vereinten Nationen beitragen. Grundlage dafür sind gemeinsame Standards in den Bereichen Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur, die gegenseitiges Verständnis und Kooperation fördern sollen. Rechtssetzungsinstrumente sind demnach von großer Bedeutung für die Tätigkeit der UNESCO. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Analyse und kritische Würdigung der vorhandenen Instrumente und ordnet sie rechtlich sowohl nach ihrer Verbindlichkeit als auch ihrer Entstehung ein. Abschließend wird die Implementierung sowie die gewollte und erreichte Wirksamkeit der Rechtssetzungsinstrumente hinterfragt.:LITERATURVERZEICHNIS II ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS VI A. EINLEITUNG 1 B. RECHTSSETZUNGSINSTRUMENTE UND DEREN CHARAKTERISIERUNG 2 a. Rechtsetzungsinstrumente mit Außenwirkung 2 i. Erklärungen 2 ii. Empfehlungen 4 iii. Internationale Übereinkommen 6 b. Beschlussinstrumente von Organen 7 i. Resolutionen 7 ii. Entscheidungen 8 c. Zwischenergebnis 9 C. ENTSTEHUNG VON UNESCO-RECHTSAKTEN 9 a. Empfehlungen und internationale Übereinkommen 9 i. Die vorausgehende Studie als Grundvoraussetzung 10 ii. Entscheidung darüber, ob es eine Regelung geben soll 10 iii. Ausarbeitung eines Entwurfs 12 iv. Beschlussfassung 12 b. Erklärungen 12 c. Zwischenergebnis 13 D. IMPLEMENTIERUNG UND MONITORING 13 a. Empfehlungen und internationale Übereinkommen 13 b. Erklärungen 14 E. KRITISCHE BEWERTUNG UND VERBESSERUNGSANSÄTZE 15 a. Rechtsakte und ihre Rechtsverbindlichkeit 15 b. Entstehungsprozess 16 c. Implementierung und Monitoring 17 F. FAZIT 18 ANHANG I

The purpose of this research is to investigate whether or not adult education acts as an agent for social change in Lesotho, especially in communities of the urban and rural poor. The importance and value of adult education as an agent for social change are highlighted. The study has employed a descriptive approach with case studies, involving samples from chiefs, the Ministry of Education and three prominent institutions: the Lesotho Distance Teaching Centre, the Lesotho Association of Non-Formal Education and the Institute of Extra Mural Studies. The samples of these constituencies totalled one hundred and forty-three. The study has used interviews, questionnaires and observations for collection of data. The researcher observed and judged the natural environment under which facilitation education occurred. Occurrences of all instances under observation were recorded and analysed. The study revealed that even though there is no government policy regarding adult education in Lesotho, the role played by adult education is important as an agent for social change. Adult education has proven its importance and value as a means of providing solutions to pressing issues and problems of the disadvantaged groups. Adult education has a wide range of achievements through which social change is visible and measurable. On the other hand, there is an equally strong opposing side that argues that adult education, as a provision of education in general, does not bring social change in Lesotho; instead, it perpetuates social inequalities that exist. Adult education, according to practices which conform to consensus and conflict paradigm principles, is used as an instrument to promote and strengthen the status quo of social inequalities in Lesotho. However, the researcher believes, through the findings of this study, that educating the urban and rural poor is a reasonable move because these groups constitute a large number of the human resource in Lesotho. With this human resource, if well developed, it is hoped that all other resources can be mobilised for the good of the nation. Lastly, the researcher believes that follow-up studies are needed in order to assess impact of adult education in Lesotho and recommends further research concerning adult education programmes and other pressing issues that are not included in this study. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Didactics)