Background: Obesity disproportionately affects Pakistani women and rates of obesity related conditions are high in Bradford. Research priority setting can guide the development of policy and practice, resulting in more relevant research. There are no research prioritisation exercises targeted at obesity in Pakistani women. Aim: To develop an obesity research agenda with Pakistani women living in deprived inner-city areas of Bradford. Methods: Using a feminist participatory action research design, a five stage process was adopted involving the following: (i) A systematic review to identify the gaps in knowledge (ii) face-to-face interviews with 21 Pakistani women to generate their health concerns (iii) focus groups to explore the obesity concerns of 23 Pakistani women (iv) survey to identify unmet obesity needs of Pakistani women according to 160 local, multisectoral stakeholders (v) adapted consensus method involving 32 Pakistani women to rank their identified concerns and unmet needs in order of importance. Results: The study identified needs related to cultural and language constraints, including barriers in obtaining health promotion information and the social isolation of women. Education needs and misconceptions surrounding diet and physical activity were also identified. Highest rankings were given to concerns and needs surrounding the mental health of Pakistani women, education needs for a healthy diet, and the benefits of physical activity. Conclusion: Pakistani women’s unmet obesity needs highlight the existence of wider determinants of health that are structural in nature. Considering these barriers, a research agenda was developed from the findings and reflect the obesity health needs of this population. / Funding through Born in Bradford

The purpose of this study is to collect data on the current practices of coaching as applied in an incubated environment to report on the influence of coaching on entrepreneurial goal-setting behaviour. Previous research has indicated that much criticism has been lobbied at government programmes aimed at providing entrepreneurship development and support, some recognition has been given to some of these government initiatives as well as the progress achieved by some. It is further stated in the Global Entrepreneurship Report (2012) that a number of national experts commend the existence of business support agencies (such as the Small Enterprise Development Agency). A number of significant findings materialized from the current study where it was found that coaching influences entrepreneurial behaviour and that a need exists for more in-depth coaching sessions specifically focused on entrepreneurship in the South African context. Further to this it was found that a need exists for entrepreneurs to be coached by other entrepreneurs and that the role of a coach should be clarified to set realistic expectations from the onset of the intervention. These findings are in agreement with some of the key recommendations from South African national experts as cited in the GEMS 2012 report. The current research adds to the body of research on coaching in general. It also contributes specifically entrepreneurial development programmes in the South African context. The outcome from this research has implications for business coaches, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurial development/support agencies as well as those who provide training and incubation programmes for entrepreneurs. / Industrial & Organisational Psychology / M. Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Sammanfattning Titel Lönesättande samtal i praktiken - En kvalitativ studie om hur chefer på Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap upplever management med fokus på lönesättande samtal. Nivå                        Datum Magister                  Augusti 2018 Författare               Handledare Victor Skoglund        Jonas Axelsson Syfte Syftet med denna studie är att få kunskap och djupare förståelse av lönesättande chefers upplevelser av management med särskilt fokus på arbetet med lönesättande samtal. Metod Studien är baserad på kvalitativ metod och det empiriska materialet har tagits fram med hjälp av semistrukturerad intervjuform. Sammanlagt har 7 intervjuer genomförts och urvalet består av lönesättande chefer som arbetar på Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap. Resultat och slutsatser Undersökningen kommer fram till olika slutsatser angående lönesättande chefs arbete kring lönesättande samtal. Resultatet visar att det generella chefskapet innehåller vad bland annat Mintzberg (1973), Tengblad (2012), Kanter (1977) och Sayles (1964) kallar för managementarbete, eftersom chefskapet upplevs innehålla många och olika arbetsuppgifter, hektisk arbetsmiljö, förväntningar från berörda intressenter, långa arbetstider, anpassningsförmåga och beslut som ska främja verksamhetens intressen. Vidare visar studien att ekonomiska resurser, höga ingångslöner, omplacering till ny tjänst och allmänt formulerade lönekriterier försvårar lönesättande chefs arbete med lönesättande samtal. Studien skiljer sig något från Lysgaards (1985) teori om arbetarkollektivet då cheferna inte upplever något ”starkare” kollektiv bland medarbetarna. Däremot kan lönesättningen spegla efter hur kollektivavtalen är reglerade med fackförbundet ST, Seko och Saco. Slutligen visar studien att det råder maktfördelning till fördel cheferna enligt Korpis (1978) teori om makt och konflikt eftersom chefen, arbetsgivaren, är den beslutsfattande parten att påverka medarbetarens nya lön. Nyckelord Lönesättande samtal, Individuell lönesättning, Teknisk/ekonomiska system, Mänskligt system, Kollektivets system, Management, Arbetarkollektiv, Makt och konflikt. / Abstract Title Pay setting conversations in practice - A qualitative study on how managers at the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency experience management regarding pay setting conversations. Level                     Date Magister-level         August 2018 Author                   Supervisor Victor Skoglund       Jonas Axelsson Aim The aim of this study is to gain knowledge and a deeper understanding of pay setting managers ́ experiences of management with a particular focus on the work of pay setting conversations. Method The study is based on qualitative methodology and the empirical material has been developed using semistructured interviews. A total of 7 interviews have been conducted and the selection consists of pay setting managers who work at the Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency. Results and conclusions The study reveals different conclusions regarding the pay setting managers ́ work with pay setting conversations. The result shows that the general leadership includes what Mintzberg (1973), Tengblad (2012), Kanter (1977) and Sayles (1964) calling for management work, because the leadership is perceived to contain many and different tasks, hectic working environment, stakeholder expectations, long working hours, adaptability and decisions to promote the company’s interests. Furthermore, the study results that financial resources, high entrance salary, redeployement of position and generally formulated salary criteria complicating pay setting managers ́ work with pay setting conversations. The study differs somewhat from Lysgaard's (1985) theory of the labor collective, since the managers do not experience any ”stronger” collective among the employees. On the other hand, the pay setting can reflect how collective agreements are regulated with the trade union ST, Seko and Saco. Finally, the study results that there is power distribution to the advantage of the leaders according to Korpi's (1978) theory of power and conflict because the manager, the employer, is the decision-making part to influence the employees ́ new salary. Keywords Pay setting conversations, Individual pay setting, Technical/economic system, Human system, Collective system, Management, Labor collective, Power and conflict.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LisBV.pdf: 1244530 bytes, checksum: 744a10024abd8e69ca8ac1f2d797b67f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / People-environment interaction, focus of Environmental Psychology studies, presupposes that space influences behavior and vice-versa. Despite of the importance of dynamic reciprocity, there are a few works that treat the mobility condition of the people experimenting space. The present study investigates environmental perception of users of the Engenheiro Roberto Freire Avenue sidewalk, one of the few places in Natal for physical activities practicing, where most people are in intense and continuous movement. A few questions for this study where made: In what way does the individual realize the environment while he is moving? How do reciprocal man-environment relations occur there, according to a mobility context? What are the main difficulties and easiness in man-environment interaction under this condition? The search for these answers is based on concepts of social-spatial human behavior - especially personal space, territoriality, density and crowding and contributions of Barker?s Ecologycal Psychology. Considering that the physical space in this case is multifaceted and the perception of theses scenarios is governed by multiples senses and stimuli, it was defined a multi-methodological route: (i) observation participative in loco; (ii) identification of the main behavior settings at the area; (iii) categorization of the activities occurring at the place; (iv) application of a semi-structured interview; (v) images registered and (vi) construction of the researcher s log. The perception of oneself and others in movement in the environment, immersed in a intricate web of inter-actions, makes people develop mobility strategies, many times unconsciously, with the aim of ensuring satisfaction in its activities. Since the Eng. Roberto Freire Avenue sidewalk is an equipment public-urban largely used by the population of Natal, the reflection of the mobility effectiveness in the users environmental perception is expected, providing suggestions for future studies in this field of knowledge / A intera??o homem-ambiente, foco dos estudos da Psicologia Ambiental, pressup?e que o espa?o influencia o comportamento, e vice-versa. Apesar da import?ncia dessa reciprocidade din?mica, s?o poucos os trabalhos que tratam da condi??o de mobilidade do homem ao experimentar o espa?o. O presente estudo explorat?rio investiga o comportamento s?cio espacial de usu?rios do cal?ad?o da Avenida Engenheiro Roberto Freire, um dos poucos locais para pr?tica de atividades f?sicas em Natal, no qual a maioria dos freq?entadores encontra-se em intenso e cont?nuo movimento. Foram algumas perguntas de partida: De que modo o indiv?duo percebe o ambiente enquanto se movimenta? Como as rela??es rec?procas pessoa-ambiente ocorrem no local, ? luz do contexto de mobilidade? Quais as principais dificuldades e facilidades na intera??o homem-ambiente sob essa condi??o? A busca por respostas teve como base conceitos do comportamento s?cio-espacial humano - especialmente espa?o pessoal, territorialidade, densidade e aglomera??o e contribui??es da Psicologia Ecol?gica de Barker. Como o espa?o f?sico em quest?o ? multifacetado e que a percep??o desses cen?rios ? regida por m?ltiplos sentidos e est?mulos, foi definido um percurso multimetodol?gico: (i) observa??o participante in loco; (ii) identifica??o dos principais behavior settings na ?rea; (iii) categoriza??o das atividades do local; (iv) aplica??o de entrevista semi-estruturada; (v) registro de imagens e (vi) constru??o de um di?rio da pesquisadora. A percep??o de si mesmo e dos outros em movimento pelo ambiente, imersos numa intrincada rede de inter-a??es, faz com que as pessoas desenvolvam diversas estrat?gias de mobilidade com o intuito de garantir a satisfa??o em suas atividades, muitas vezes de modo inconsciente. Sendo o CAERF um equipamento p?blico-urbano largamente utilizado pela popula??o natalense, estima-se contribuir para a reflex?o sobre o efeito da mobilidade na percep??o ambiental de seus usu?rios, fornecendo sugest?es para futuros trabalhos nesse campo de conhecimento, tanto naquele local espec?fico quanto no estudo de locais semelhantes

O conceito de regressão, em psicanálise, apresenta múltiplos aspectos. Sua presença está na explicação metapsicológica da formação dos sonhos, como também na descrição de fenômenos que indicam modos de satisfação, de relação de objeto e formas de expressão primitivos de pacientes em análise. Apontando para a dimensão primária do psiquismo humano, a regressão foi o mote das controvérsias entre Freud e Ferenczi, pela aposta deste último no potencial terapêutico desse fenômeno. Sua significação heterogênea confere uma posição estratégica a esse conceito para o estudo da articulação entre teoria e clínica psicanalítica. Nosso estudo tem como objetivo considerar os diversos sentidos da regressão, tendo como autores de referência aqueles que se debruçaram sobre esse tema: Sandor Ferenczi, Michel Balint e Donald Winnicott. Trata-se de um estudo de textos desses três autores e de alguns de seus comentadores. Para vislumbrarmos o sentido da regressão para Ferenczi, acompanhamos seu processo de experimentação da técnica clínica, assim como suas idéias acerca do desenvolvimento psicossexual do ser humano. Encontramos a regressão ocupando posição central em sua teoria, o que provê um sentido não linear em sua visão do desenvolvimento humano. Em sua prática clínica, a regressão é entendida como meio de liquidar os traumas que residem na raiz das perturbações psíquicas. Os sentidos da regressão para Michel Balint indicam o potencial terapêutico da regressão, enquanto possibilidade de um novo começo, mas também os impasses implicados na ocorrência desse fenômeno no setting analítico, delineando duas formas de regressão: benigna e maligna. Para entendermos essas formas da regressão apontadas por Balint, acompanhamos suas idéias acerca das formas diversas de viver a sexualidade humana na infância e na vida adulta. Acompanhamos também sua concepção sobre a origem do psiquismo, no estado que ele denomina de amor primário em oposição ao narcisismo primário. A dimensão da falha básica, diversa da dimensão onde a expressão verbal é possível, aparece como descrição da expressão de estruturas primárias de relação de objeto, muitas vezes necessárias de serem vividas na relação analítica. Em Winnicott, partimos de um caso clínico que tem a regressão como processo central. Estudamos o sentido desse fenômeno para Winnicott, configurando a noção de regressão à dependência ou regressão ao ambiente. Acompanhamos suas idéias acerca do desenvolvimento emocional primitivo que culminam na concepção de uma terceira área da vida dos indivíduos: a área da experimentação, nem interna, nem externa ao indivíduo, onde o brincar é possível. Ao final de nosso estudo, tecemos algumas articulações entre os elementos colhidos em cada autor, encontrando algumas aproximações e alguns afastamentos. Apesar das diferenças entre os três autores, vemos configurar um estilo clínico comum que encara o fenômeno da regressão como uma possível via ao originário a ser trilhada, encontrada ou mesmo constituída, no percurso da análise, enquanto forma de tratamento. Essa via encontra o ambiente como parte constituinte do psiquismo, principalmente em sua origem. / In Psychoanalysis, regression has multiples aspects. One of these aspects is showed by the metapsychological explanation of the dreams formation. Another aspect is presented on the description of primitive traits such as sexual aims, object-relations, and ways of being of some patients in analysis. Regarding the primitive dimension of human psychism, regression was the theme of controversies between Freud and Ferenczi, who believed in the therapeutic potential of regression. The heterogeneous regression feature figure a strategic position in the study of articulations between psychoanalytical theory and clinic. The goal of this work is to examine the regression multiple meanings, based on authors who focused on this theme: Sandor Ferenczi, Michel Balint and Donald Winnicott. It consists in a study of these three authors texts. Aiming to grasp the meaning of regression in Ferenczi, we examined his experimentation process in clinical technique and his ideas about human psychosexual development. We find regression as a central position in his theory that provides a nonlinear direction in his human development view. In his clinic practice, the regression is understood as a way to settle down traumas that reside in the root of psychic perturbations. The meanings of regression in Michel Balint indicate not only its therapeutic potential as a possibility of the new beginning, but also the impasses implied in regression that occurs in the analytic setting. As a result, he draws two forms of regression: benign and malign. Looking for understanding these two forms of regression pointed by Balint, we examined his ideas about the diverse forms of sexuality in childhood and in the adult life. We also considered his conception of psychism origin that he name as primary love in opposition to the narcissism. The basic fault appears as a description of object relation primary structures that need to be experienced by some patient in the analytic relation. In Winnicott, we describe a clinical case which has regression as the core process. We studied the meaning of this concept to Winnicott, figuring out the notion of regression to dependence. We looked carefully at his ideas about primitive emotional development resulting in the conception of the third area of experimentation. This area belongs to both internal and external individual reality, where playing is possible. In the end of this study, we make some articulations between the elements picked in each author, finding out some similarities and differences between them. Despite of some differences between them, there is a common clinic stile which faces regression as a possible way to origins. This road might be walked, figured out or even constituted in the analysis process as a pathway of treatment. This path includes the environment as a constituent of phychism, especially in its origin.

O conceito de regressão, em psicanálise, apresenta múltiplos aspectos. Sua presença está na explicação metapsicológica da formação dos sonhos, como também na descrição de fenômenos que indicam modos de satisfação, de relação de objeto e formas de expressão primitivos de pacientes em análise. Apontando para a dimensão primária do psiquismo humano, a regressão foi o mote das controvérsias entre Freud e Ferenczi, pela aposta deste último no potencial terapêutico desse fenômeno. Sua significação heterogênea confere uma posição estratégica a esse conceito para o estudo da articulação entre teoria e clínica psicanalítica. Nosso estudo tem como objetivo considerar os diversos sentidos da regressão, tendo como autores de referência aqueles que se debruçaram sobre esse tema: Sandor Ferenczi, Michel Balint e Donald Winnicott. Trata-se de um estudo de textos desses três autores e de alguns de seus comentadores. Para vislumbrarmos o sentido da regressão para Ferenczi, acompanhamos seu processo de experimentação da técnica clínica, assim como suas idéias acerca do desenvolvimento psicossexual do ser humano. Encontramos a regressão ocupando posição central em sua teoria, o que provê um sentido não linear em sua visão do desenvolvimento humano. Em sua prática clínica, a regressão é entendida como meio de liquidar os traumas que residem na raiz das perturbações psíquicas. Os sentidos da regressão para Michel Balint indicam o potencial terapêutico da regressão, enquanto possibilidade de um novo começo, mas também os impasses implicados na ocorrência desse fenômeno no setting analítico, delineando duas formas de regressão: benigna e maligna. Para entendermos essas formas da regressão apontadas por Balint, acompanhamos suas idéias acerca das formas diversas de viver a sexualidade humana na infância e na vida adulta. Acompanhamos também sua concepção sobre a origem do psiquismo, no estado que ele denomina de amor primário em oposição ao narcisismo primário. A dimensão da falha básica, diversa da dimensão onde a expressão verbal é possível, aparece como descrição da expressão de estruturas primárias de relação de objeto, muitas vezes necessárias de serem vividas na relação analítica. Em Winnicott, partimos de um caso clínico que tem a regressão como processo central. Estudamos o sentido desse fenômeno para Winnicott, configurando a noção de regressão à dependência ou regressão ao ambiente. Acompanhamos suas idéias acerca do desenvolvimento emocional primitivo que culminam na concepção de uma terceira área da vida dos indivíduos: a área da experimentação, nem interna, nem externa ao indivíduo, onde o brincar é possível. Ao final de nosso estudo, tecemos algumas articulações entre os elementos colhidos em cada autor, encontrando algumas aproximações e alguns afastamentos. Apesar das diferenças entre os três autores, vemos configurar um estilo clínico comum que encara o fenômeno da regressão como uma possível via ao originário a ser trilhada, encontrada ou mesmo constituída, no percurso da análise, enquanto forma de tratamento. Essa via encontra o ambiente como parte constituinte do psiquismo, principalmente em sua origem. / In Psychoanalysis, regression has multiples aspects. One of these aspects is showed by the metapsychological explanation of the dreams formation. Another aspect is presented on the description of primitive traits such as sexual aims, object-relations, and ways of being of some patients in analysis. Regarding the primitive dimension of human psychism, regression was the theme of controversies between Freud and Ferenczi, who believed in the therapeutic potential of regression. The heterogeneous regression feature figure a strategic position in the study of articulations between psychoanalytical theory and clinic. The goal of this work is to examine the regression multiple meanings, based on authors who focused on this theme: Sandor Ferenczi, Michel Balint and Donald Winnicott. It consists in a study of these three authors texts. Aiming to grasp the meaning of regression in Ferenczi, we examined his experimentation process in clinical technique and his ideas about human psychosexual development. We find regression as a central position in his theory that provides a nonlinear direction in his human development view. In his clinic practice, the regression is understood as a way to settle down traumas that reside in the root of psychic perturbations. The meanings of regression in Michel Balint indicate not only its therapeutic potential as a possibility of the new beginning, but also the impasses implied in regression that occurs in the analytic setting. As a result, he draws two forms of regression: benign and malign. Looking for understanding these two forms of regression pointed by Balint, we examined his ideas about the diverse forms of sexuality in childhood and in the adult life. We also considered his conception of psychism origin that he name as primary love in opposition to the narcissism. The basic fault appears as a description of object relation primary structures that need to be experienced by some patient in the analytic relation. In Winnicott, we describe a clinical case which has regression as the core process. We studied the meaning of this concept to Winnicott, figuring out the notion of regression to dependence. We looked carefully at his ideas about primitive emotional development resulting in the conception of the third area of experimentation. This area belongs to both internal and external individual reality, where playing is possible. In the end of this study, we make some articulations between the elements picked in each author, finding out some similarities and differences between them. Despite of some differences between them, there is a common clinic stile which faces regression as a possible way to origins. This road might be walked, figured out or even constituted in the analysis process as a pathway of treatment. This path includes the environment as a constituent of phychism, especially in its origin.

Debattsidan i Dagens Nyheter har sedan 1980-talet varit en av Sveriges viktigaste opinionsbildare, och den fyller en värdefull funktion för fri åsiktsbildning i en väl fungerande demokrati. Denna studie fokuserar på hur debattsidan förändrats under de senaste 25 åren med utgångspunkt i kön (vem får oftast komma till tals på debattsidan, kvinnor eller män? – och hur har könsfördelningen utvecklats sedan 1980- talet?) och roll (exempelvis politiker, chefer och forskare). Vi har gjort en kvantitativ undersökning med början första helåret som DN Debatt hade en egen sida i tidningen, 1985, fram till 2010. Med hjälp av konstruerade veckor har sju dagar per år slumpmässigt valts ut. Resultaten visar att av våra författare (n = 498) är 75,3 procent av de undersökta författarna män, och 24,7 procent är kvinnor. Skillnaden mellan kvinnor och män minskar. Politiker är den största yrkesgruppen, och andelen politiker ökar ytterligare. Forskarna har legat på en relativt jämn nivå medan företagen publiceras på DN Debatt i allt högre grad. / The daily discussion feature ”DN Debatt” within the Swedish newspaper Dagens Nyheter has been one of the country’s most influencial opinion formers since the 1980’s. With the starting point in theories within media and communication, we hade studied this important institution with focus on how the gender distribution and the authors’ professional roles – for example politicians, researchers and journalists – have changed over the last 25 years. The results show that of our total population of authors (n = 498), 75,3 percent are men and 24,7 percent are women. The difference between men and women is decreasing. The professional roles that dominate our study are politicians, followed by researchers, journalists, CEOs and other representatives from companies, authorities and organizations. The ”common man” without some kind of established professional role is not published on DN Debatt.

Worldwide, the remarkable diffusion of transparency and access to information laws poses a monumental challenge to the state’s most enduringly undemocratic feature— excessive secrecy. Will recent laws lead to an effective surrender of secrecy? The incipient literature on transparency reform says little about the strength of current legislation or how strong laws emerge. This dissertation addresses these theoretical and empirical gaps. First, it articulates a theory on the political determinants of strong access to information laws. Second, employing an original evaluation, it scores the strength of twelve access to information laws advanced throughout Latin America between 2002 and 2010. Two extreme outcomes are examined in detail: a failed comprehensive reform in Argentina (1999-2005), which resulted in a limited presidential decree (2003), and the adoption of a seminal law in Mexico (2002). These cases are then compared with others across Latin America with special attention placed on Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, and Uruguay. I find considerable variance in the strength of the region’s laws: the average score is “moderately strong,” while the median and mode scores are “moderately weak.” Evidence shows that while civic coalitions and external pressure often help drive reform, they cannot explain observed variation in legal strength. Rather, I find that laws emerge more robust and earlier-on within the electoral cycle (within the first half of a president’s term of office), in countries where 1) presidents lack control over the legislature and 2) news media coverage of access to information laws is strong. By contrast, where news media coverage is weak and presidents possess strong negative agenda setting powers (partisan majorities or constitutional means of denying a vote), I find that laws tend to emerge later-on during the electoral cycle (within the last third), and are considerably weaker. I also find that press advocacy for access to information laws tended to be greater in countries where presidents were weaker and news media ownership concentration was low. The dissertation addresses key institutional preconditions for good governance and transparency reform. More specifically, it speaks to the determinants and power of the news media as an agent of democratic advancement (and stagnation), and the importance of weak leaders and partisan competition in promoting good governance reform. / text

Als Sonderorganisation der Vereinten Nationen soll die UNESCO als rechtlich selbstständige Organisation mit eigener Rechtspersönlichkeit zur Erreichung des Gesamtziels der Vereinten Nationen beitragen. Grundlage dafür sind gemeinsame Standards in den Bereichen Bildung, Wissenschaft und Kultur, die gegenseitiges Verständnis und Kooperation fördern sollen. Rechtssetzungsinstrumente sind demnach von großer Bedeutung für die Tätigkeit der UNESCO. Die vorliegende Arbeit konzentriert sich auf die Analyse und kritische Würdigung der vorhandenen Instrumente und ordnet sie rechtlich sowohl nach ihrer Verbindlichkeit als auch ihrer Entstehung ein. Abschließend wird die Implementierung sowie die gewollte und erreichte Wirksamkeit der Rechtssetzungsinstrumente hinterfragt.

People are not always rational, rely on heuristics and are influenced by situational factors being conducive to biased decisions. Hence, the decision outcome cannot be explained by consumers’ preferences exclusively. This offers opportunities to service managers to steer the decision outcome into a desirable direction by a beneficial design of situational factors. In contrast to the discussed opportunities, situational factors can also become a pitfall for researchers and managers. I show that situational factors may compromise the validity of research results based on self reports in a service context, because the reported scores of research participants may be biased. Three perspectives related to service management are distinguished in this thesis: First, the customer independently of the service provider; second, the interaction of customer and service provider; third, the service provider independently of the customer. From the perspective of the customer, I investigate the impact of different defaults in a customization process on the decision outcome of different types of customers. From the perspective of the customer and service provider interaction, I point out a new solution to overcome a dilemma related to service productivity. Finally, from the perspective of the service provider, the possible contamination of service related constructs by socially desirable responding is examined.