PINHO, Erotéide Leite de. Extração de pigmentos carotenóides da carapaça do camarão e sua utilização em um produto derivado de pescado. 2001. 48 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2001 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-03T13:54:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2001_dis_elpinho.pdf: 379735 bytes, checksum: 56d523219601d0f6243134cbd8534ed3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-03T13:55:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2001_dis_elpinho.pdf: 379735 bytes, checksum: 56d523219601d0f6243134cbd8534ed3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-03T13:55:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2001_dis_elpinho.pdf: 379735 bytes, checksum: 56d523219601d0f6243134cbd8534ed3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2001 / Waste material in the fish industry including the shells from the crustacean, constitute a very high percentage. These shells are rich in carotenoids pigments, which may have a high pigmentation value when used in foods. It is common in some countries the use of the extracted pigments in feeds.The aim of this experiment was to study the process of carotenoids extraction and to verify its pigmenting potential in a minced fish food product. The solvent extraction technique was used after testing other extraction procedures. Extracted pigments were characterized by spectrophotometry. Pigments were then included in the fish formulation. Fish products were packaged with and without vacuum and storage in the dark at –20ºC for 60 days. The color of the products was measured every 15 days with the CIE system which determines parameters L*, a* and b*. The spectrophotometry study showed products of degradation of astaxanthin in the shell extract. The luminosity (L*) of the color in products packaged under vacuum was lower (p<0.05) with 15 and 45 days of storage than in those stored without vacuum. Vacuum packaged products showed that with 0 days of storage the yellowness component (b*) was higher (p<0.05) in vacuum packaged products than in those stored without vacuum. The reverse occurring with 45 days of storage. After 60 days frozen storage vacuum packaging did not affect the color characteristics of the fish product. / O descarte na indústria de pescado, inclusive o de carapaças de crustáceos, constitui um percentual bastante elevado. Estas cascas são ricas em pigmentos carotenóides, os quais, apresentam um alto valor de pigmentação, sendo corrente em alguns países a extração e posterior utilização dos mesmos em rações. O objetivo deste experimento foi estudar a extração dos pigmentos carotenóides das cascas de camarão e verificar seu potencial de uso como aditivo natural de cor em um produto à base de pescado. Neste estudo foram desenvolvidos testes preliminares para escolha de um método para a extração dos pigmentos optando-se pela extração com solvente. Caracterizou-se ospigmentos extraídos das cascas de camarão e avaliou-se a influência do extrato pigmentado aplicado em um produto à base de pescado, o qual foi embalado à vácuo e sem vácuo e submetido à uma estocagem (-20ºC) durante um período de60 dias. A cor dos produtos foi medida a cada 15 dias no sistema CIE determinando-se os parâmetros de L*, a* e b*. A análise espectrofotométrica do extrato de camarão apresentou produtos de degradação da astaxantina. Os produtos pigmentados com o extrato de camarão e embalados à vácuo apresentaram valores de luminosidade (L*) menores (p < 0,05) que os embalados sem vácuo com 15 e 45 dias de armazenamento. Para o componente de intensidade de cor amarela (b*) os produtos embalados à vácuo apresentaram valores maiores (p<0,05) no início do armazenamento (0 dias) e menores (p<0,05) com 45 dias de armazenamento, em relação àqueles embalados sem vácuo. Contudo, no período de 60 dias de armazenamento não foi observado efeito significativo da embalagem à vácuo sobre as características de cor dos produtos.

O sistema pórfiro Yarumalito, caracterizado por concentrar minério em veios controlados por estruturas e stockworks encontra-se localizado no distrito mineiro de Marmato, que é considerado um dos mais antigos distritos de ouro da Colômbia, com atividades de extração que remontam da época dos Incas. O sistema ígneo da região é relacionado ao magmatismo Miocênico da Formação Combia. Neste trabalho foram descritas as rochas subvulcânicas diretamente relacionadas às zonas mineralizadas do sistema pórfiro Yarumalito com o objetivo de, após caracterizar as intrusões, realizar datação através do método U-Pb em zircão. Amostras selecionadas de duas intrusões férteis, uma andesítica mais abundante na área e outra diorítica com características intrusivas na primeira e de ocorrência mais restrita, foram criteriosamente descritas e tiveram zircões separados e posteriormente analisados por SHRIMP na Universidade de São Paulo. Os resultados apontaram para um intervalo bastante restrito para as idades, com médias ponderadas das idades 206Pb/238U variando de 7 ± 0.15 Ma para o andesito pórfiro a 6.95 ± 0.16 Ma para o diorito pórfiro. Estes resultados sugerem um período restrito no tempo para a cristalização das intrusivas portadoras de mineralizações na área do projeto e posicionam o sistema Yarumalito para o final do magmatismo Combia. / The Yarumalito porphyry system, characterized to concentrate ore in structure related veins and stockworks is located in the mining district of Marmato, that is considered one of the oldest gold mining districts of Colombia, with exploration activities since the Inca Empire. The igneous system of the region is related to the miocenic magmatism of the Combia formation. In this paper, the subvolcanic rocks directly related with the mineralized zones of the Yarumalito porphyry were described in order to, after characterization, obtain UPb ages in zircon to the intrusions. Selected samples of the two fertile intrusions, one andesitic more abundant in the area and one dioritic more restricted, were carefully described and had their zircon grains separated and analyzed by SHRIMP in the University of São Paulo. The results points to a very restricted interval for the ages, with weighted average 206Pb/238U varying from 7 ± 0.15 Ma for the andesitic porphyry and 6.95 ± 0.16 Ma for the dioritic porphyry. These results suggest a brief period for the crystallization of the mineralized subvolcanic rocks in the area and constrain the Yarumalito system to the final stages of the Combia magmatism.

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is an emerging bacterial infection in shrimp that has been widespread across the major world shrimp producing countries since 2009. AHPND epizootics have resulted in a huge loss of global shrimp production, similar to that caused by white spot disease in the 1990’s. The epizootiological understanding of the spread of AHPND is still in its early stages, however, and most of the currently published research findings are based on experimental studies that may struggle to capture the potential for disease transmission at the country scale. The main aim of this research, therefore, is to develop epizootiological tools to study AHPND transmission between shrimp farming sites. Some tools used in this research have already been applied to shrimp epizoology, but others are used here for the first time to evaluate the spread of shrimp diseases. According to an epizootiological survey of AHPND in Thailand (Chapter 3), the first case of AHPND in the country was in eastern shrimp farms in January 2012. The disease was then transmitted to the south in December 2012. The results obtained from interviews, undertaken with 143 sample farms were stratified by three farm-scales (large, medium and small) and two locations (east and south). Both the southern location and large-scale farming were associated with a delay in AHPND onset compared with the eastern location and small- and medium-scale farming. The 24 risk factors (mostly related to farming management practices) for AHPND were investigated in a cross-sectional study (Chapter 3). This allowed the development of an AHPND decision tree for defining cases (diseased farms) and controls (non-diseased farms) because at the time of the study AHPND was a disease of unknown etiology. Results of univariate and unconditional logistic regression models indicated that two farming management practices related to the onset of AHPND. First, the absence of pond harrowing before shrimp stocking increased the risk of AHPND occurrence with an odds ratio () of 3.9 (95 % CI 1.3–12.6; P‑value = 0.01), whereas earthen ponds decreased the risk of AHPND with an of 0.25 (95 % CI 0.06–0.8; P‑value = 0.02). These findings imply that good farming management practices, such as pond-bottom harrowing, which are a common practice of shrimp farming in earthen ponds, may contribute to overcoming AHPND infection at farm level. For the purposes of disease surveillance and control, the structure of the live shrimp movement network within Thailand (LSMN) was modelled, which demonstrated the high potential for site-to-site disease spread (Chapter 4). Real network data was recorded over a 13-month period from March 2013 to March 2014 by the Thailand Department of Fisheries. After data validation, c. 74 400 repeated connections between 13 801 shrimp farming sites were retained. 77 % of the total connections were inter-province movements; the remaining connections were intra-province movements (23 %). The results demonstrated that the LSMN had properties that both aided and hindered disease spread (Chapter 4). For hindering transmission, the correlation between and degrees was weakly positive, i.e. it suggests that sites with a high risk of catching disease posed a low risk for transmitting the disease (assuming solely network spread), and the LSMN showed disassortative mixing, i.e. a low preference for connections joining sites with high degree linked to connections with high degree. However, there were low values for mean shortest path length and clustering. The latter characteristics tend to be associated with the potential for disease epidemics. Moreover, the LSMN displayed the power-law in both and degree distributions with the exponents 2.87 and 2.17, respectively. The presence of power-law distributions indicates that most sites in the LSMN have a small number of connections, while a few sites have large numbers of connections. These findings not only contribute to a better understanding of disease spread between sites, therefore, but also reveal the importance of targeted disease surveillance and control, due to the detection of scale-free properties in the LSMN. Chapter 5, therefore, examined the effectiveness of targeted disease surveillance and control in respect to reducing the potential size of epizootics in the LSMN. The study untilised network approaches to identify high-risk connections, whose removal from the network could reduce epizootics. Five disease-control algorithms were developed for the comparison: four of these algorithms were based on centrality measures to represent targeted approaches, with a non-targeted approach as a control. With the targeted approaches, technically admissible centrality measures were considered: the betweenness (the number of shortest paths that go through connections in a network), connection weight (the frequency of repeated connections between a site pair), eigenvector (considering the degree centralities of all neighbouring sites connected to a specified site), and subnet-crossing (prioritising connections that links two different subnetworks). The results showed that the estimated epizootic sizes were smaller when an optimal targeted approach was applied, compared with the random targeting of high-risk connections. This optimal targeted approach can be used to prioritise targets in the context of establishing disease surveillance and control programmes. With complex modes of disease transmission (i.e. long-distance transmission like via live shrimp movement, and local transmission), an compartmental, individual-based epizootic model was constructed for AHPND (Chapter 6). The modelling uncovered the seasonality of AHPND epizootics in Thailand, which were found likely to occur between April and August (during the hot and rainy seasons of Thailand). Based on two movement types, intra-province movements were a small proportion of connections, and they alone could cause a small AHPND epizootic. The main pathway for AHPND spread is therefore long-distance transmission and regulators need to increase the efficacy of testing for diseases in farmed shrimp before movements and improve the conduct of routine monitoring for diseases. The implementation of these biosecurity practices was modelled by changing the values of the long-distance transmission rate. The model demonstrated that high levels of biosecurity on live shrimp movements (1) led to a decrease in the potential size of epizootics in Thai shrimp farming. Moreover, the potential size of epizootics was also decreased when AHPND spread was modelled with a decreased value for the local transmission rate. Hence, not only did the model predict AHPND epizootic dynamics stochastically, but it also assessed biosecurity enhancement, allowing the design of effective prevention programmes. In brief, this thesis develops tools for the systematic epizootiological study of AHPND transmission in Thai shrimp farming and demonstrates that: (1) at farm level, current Thai shrimp farming should enhance biosecurity systems even in larger businesses, (2) at country level, targeted disease control strategies are required to establish disease surveillance and control measures. Although the epizootiological tools used here mainly evaluate the spread of AHPND in shrimp farming sites, they could be adapted to other infectious diseases or other farming sectors, such as the current spread of tilapia lake virus in Nile tilapia farms.

Submitted by Rosana Amâncio (rosana.amancio@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-26T13:44:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO BRANDÃO CAVALHEIRO -DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCNBio 2015..pdf: 998893 bytes, checksum: 7b0485f6a31de5026d3ff77fd75f67cd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-26T13:44:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 THIAGO BRANDÃO CAVALHEIRO -DISSERTAÇÃO PPGCNBio 2015..pdf: 998893 bytes, checksum: 7b0485f6a31de5026d3ff77fd75f67cd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-22 / CNPq / A carcinicultura se apresenta como uma atividade econômica de grande importância para a região nordeste do Brasil. O semiárido nordestino possui grande quantidade de poços salinizados que podem fornecer água e tornar a região uma nova área para esta atividade. O trabalho consiste na avaliação do efluente da dessalinização de uma fabrica de água mineral no Cariri paraibano para o cultivo do camarão, realizando a comparação com o cultivo tradicional realizado no vale do Rio Paraíba/PB. Análises físico-químicas e microbiológicas das águas foram realizadas, além da avaliação do crescimento, condutividade e pH do solo dos viveiros, e teor de ácidos graxos e metais dos camarões nos dois ambientes de cultivo. As águas de cultivo foram analisadas segundo os parâmetros: pH, temperatura, transparência, salinidade, alcalinidade, dureza total, amônia, nitrito, nitrato e coliformes totais, as quais permaneceram no limite estabelecido pela resolução do Conama para cultivo de camarão contribuindo positivamente para o crescimento e sobrevivência dos camarões. O crescimento ocorreu em períodos de 74 a 86 dias (efluente e água rio), sendo verificado ganho de peso diário de 40% dos camarões cultivados em efluente de água dessalinizada frente aos do modelo tradicional de cultivo. O modelo matemático de crescimento cúbico apresentou melhor índice de ajuste para os dois ambientes. Quanto à incorporação de sais nas camadas do solo verificou-se um aumento nas duas regiões, entretanto, na região cariri o aumento superou em até 340% ao agreste. As análises de ácidos graxos evidenciaram maior teor de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados no agreste e de ácidos graxos monoinsaturados na região do cariri. Os metais Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd e Co foram detectados no cefalotórax dos camarões das duas regiões, com uma leve superioridade nos camarões do agreste. O cultivo de camarão com efluente de dessalinização é uma alternativa potencial de geração de renda para comunidades que descartam este material no meio ambiente. Entre os metais investigados o Pb é o que expressa maior preocupação devido a ocorrência em valores significativos que se consumidos em longo prazo podem levar a problemas de saúde, sendo necessário um estudo para identificar os fatores que levaram a bioacumulação destes metais / Shrimp farming is an economic activity of great importance for the northeast region of Brazil. The semi-arid northeast has a large amount of saline wells that can provide water and make the region a new area for this activity. This study consists in evaluating the effluent from desalination a factory of mineral water in Cariri for shrimp cultivation, making the comparison with the traditional cultivation done in the valley of the Rio Paraiba/PB. Physicochemical and microbiological water analysis were carried out in addition to the evaluation of growth, conductivity and pH of the ponds and content of fatty acids and metals of shrimp cultivation in the two regions. Growing waters were analyzed according to the parameters: pH, temperature, transparency, salinity, alkalinity, total hardness, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and total coliform, which remained in the limit established by Resolution CONAMA to shrimp farming for the positive contribution growth and survival of shrimps. The growth occurred in periods 74-86 days (effluent and water) and it is checked daily gain 40% of shrimp grown in desalinated water effluent front of the traditional model of cultivation. The mathematical model of cubic growth showed better adjustment index for the two regions. As to incorporation of salts in the soil layers there was an increase in both regions, however, the increase in cariri region was up to 340% the “Agreste”. The fatty acid analyzes showed higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in Agreste and monounsaturated fatty acids in Cariri region. The metals Mn, Ni, Pb, Cd and Co were detected in the carapace of shrimps in the two regions, with a slight superiority in the Agreste shrimps. The shrimp farming with desalination effluent is a potential alternative income generation for communities discard this material on the environment. Among the metals investigated Pb is expressing greater concern due to the occurrence of significant values that long-term if consumed can lead to health problems, a study is needed to identify the factors that led to bioaccumulation of these metals.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:29:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 picolo_jm_me_jabo_parcial.pdf: 145894 bytes, checksum: 31cf1331c726972e83c1f4f6d8b258ae (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-06-25T13:01:17Z: picolo_jm_me_jabo_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-06-25T13:03:31Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000717274_20160225.pdf: 133769 bytes, checksum: 35079b4381ada54f93cbdeff84d6258b (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2016-02-26T14:03:53Z: 000717274_20160225.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-02-26T14:04:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000717274.pdf: 836318 bytes, checksum: 500516d68a4fd1ca42dfa1aa79c1bc9f (MD5) / A carcinicultura de água doce é uma forma de produção de crustáceos com baixo impacto ambiental. A espécie brasileira Macrobrachium amazonicum tem grande potencial de cultivo e alguns aspectos da sua biologia vêm sendo estudados na última década. O hepatoâncreas (HP) é um órgão chave na digestão de crustáceos. Este órgão está composto por túbulos hepatopancreáticos, cujo epitélio apresenta 5 tipos celulares envolvidos na digestão do alimento. O estômago, por sua vez, apresenta associação íntima ao hepatopâncreas no processo de digestão. Assim o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a dinâmica celular do epitélio hepatopancreático nos diferentes períodos de pós alimentação (PA), assim como avaliar as relações de peso relativo ao corpo entre estômago e hepatopâncreas. Para tanto o hepatopâncreas e o estômago de juvenis foram coletados nos tempos de PA de 1h, 7h, 13h, e assim sucessivamente somando-se 6 horas a cada intervalo de coleta, até 121h. O Índice Hepatossomático (IHS) e o Índice Gastrossomático (IGaS) foram aferidos. Os fragmentos de HP foram fixados em Bouin, processados para rotina de inclusão em historresina, e corados com Hematoxilina/Eosina. Após análise, foram observados períodos com elevado IHS seguidos de períodos com baixo IHS ocorridos em todos os 5 dias de observação, assim como foram observados ciclos imediatamente inversos no estômago, com relação ao hepatopâncreas. Nos momentos que correspondem ao elevado IHS é possível observar grande acúmulo de células B, com extrema vacuolização, o que indica digestão intracelular. Nos momentos com baixo IHS é evidente o grande número de células F que produzem enzimas digestivas, e células R que estocam reservas, sugerindo baixa atividade digestiva. Após 24 h de PA, provavelmente os restos não... / Freshwater shrimp farming is a form of shellfish production with low environmental impact. Macrobrachium amazonicum, brazilian native species, has great potential for cultivation and some aspects of its biology, especially the digestive system, have been studied in the last decade. The hepatpncreas (HP) is a key organ in the digestion of crustaceans. This organ is composed of hepatopancreatic tubules, which present 5 epithelial cell types involved in the digestion of food. The stomach, in turn, presents intimate association with hepatopancreas in the digestion process. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of the hepatopancreatic cells in different periods after feeding (AF), as well as evaluate the relationships between stomachsomatic and hepatossomatic indeces. For both the hepatopancreas and stomach of juveniles were collected in times of AF 1h, 7h, 13h, and so adding six hours to each collection interval until 121h. Hepatosomatic (HSI) and gastrossomatic (GaSI) indices were measured. HP fragments were fixed in Bouin, processed for inclusion in hystoresin, and stained with hematoxylin/eosin. After analysis, it were observed periods with high HIS followed by periods of low HIS in all five days of observation. IGaS and HIS presented opposing curves. In moments which correspond to the high HIS is possible to observe accumulation of B cells with extreme vacuolization, indicating intracellular digestion according to the literature. In moments of low HIS is evident the large number of F cells that produce digestive enzymes, and cells that accumulate reserves, suggesting low digestive activity. After 24h AF, probably undigested food in HP returns to stomach, and are then distributed to HP again. Thus, the morphological characteristics did not differ at different times of elevated HIS, and the same... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-09T12:15:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7622757 bytes, checksum: cc3a3fdf41e636a0aefae614f4c8757a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T12:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 7622757 bytes, checksum: cc3a3fdf41e636a0aefae614f4c8757a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-20 / The Indigenous Land Potiguara is situated in the north coast of Paraíba, between Camaratuba and Mamanguape rivers, totaling 33,757.00 hectares, of which 1451.20 hectares are overlapping area with the APA of the Mamanguape River Bar, with a population of 19 000 inhabitants. This research aimed to analyze the environmental and social impacts and conflicts after the introduction of shrimp Indigenous Land (TI), from participatory methodology. It can be seen clearly that there are two distinct areas of shrimp farming in the village, one located next to the houses, which have greater influence of non-Indians, increased environmental impacts and are independent families with each other, and another located on the Island of girls with nurseries belonging to the prawn Cooperative Tramataia, only with partners Indians, where there is organization and all pools together belong to all members. According to the Sustainability Framework applied in the two areas, the first has low sustainability, reaching 36.36% positive sustainable responses, while the second reached an average sustainability, reaching 54.55% of positive sustainable questions. So were seen in the first area impacts as mangrove trees cuts, stressed plants, crabs UCAS dead, chemical channels that enter the mangrove, waste coming from the houses and the very exposed activity, in the second area, the worst impact viewed was the proximity of the nurseries with the bank of the estuary of the river Mamanguape. Participatory meeting was organized jointly local wisdom and so was the recognition of all the problems involving the shrimp before an unknown to the Indians. After the technical training person chosen at this meeting, there was the first analysis, independent of outside the village technicians, and through this, the trained Indian identified specific pathology in nursery with early mortality, which was instrumental in making decision and not lost production, avoiding the dead animals were dumped into the estuary. This work is the basis for the implementation of efficient management with dialogue between technical and scientific knowledge and local knowledge and minimize negative impacts, aiming at higher productivity and environmental sustainability. / A Terra Indígena Potiguara está situada no litoral Norte da Paraíba, entre os rios Camaratuba e Mamanguape, totalizando 33.757,00 hectares, dos quais 1.451,20 hectares são área de sobreposição com a APA da Barra do Rio Mamanguape, com uma população de 19 000 habitantes. A presente pesquisa visou analisar os impactos ambientais e sociais e os conflitos após a introdução da carcinicultura na Terra Indígena (TI), a partir de metodologia participativa. Percebe-se nitidamente que existem duas áreas distintas de criação de camarão na aldeia, uma localizada próxima às casas, ao qual tem maior influência de não-índios, maiores impactos ambientais e são de famílias independentes entre si, e uma outra localizada na Ilha das Moças com viveiros pertencentes à Cooperativa de Carcinicultores de Tramataia, somente com índios sócios, onde há organização e todos os viveiros juntos pertencem a todos os cooperados. De acordo com o Quadro de Sustentabilidade aplicado nas duas áreas, a primeira possui baixa sustentabilidade, atingindo 36,36% de respostas sustentáveis positivas, já a segunda atingiu sustentabilidade média, chegando a 54,55% de perguntas sustentáveis positivas. Assim, foram vistos na primeira área impactos como cortes de árvores de mangues, plantas estressadas, caranguejos-uçás mortos, químicos em canais que adentram o manguezal, lixos oriundos das casas e da própria atividade expostos, já na segunda área, o pior impacto visualizado foi a proximidade dos viveiros com a margem do estuário do rio Mamanguape. Na reunião participativa organizou-se conjuntamente a sabedoria local e assim ocorreu o reconhecimento de todos os problemas que envolviam a carcinicultura, antes uma incógnita para os indígenas. Após o treinamento técnico com pessoa escolhida nesta reunião, realizou-se a primeira análise, independente de técnicos de fora da aldeia, e através desta, a índia treinada identificou patologia específica em viveiro com início de mortalidade, o que foi providencial para a tomada de decisão e não se perdeu a produção, evitando-se que os animais mortos fossem despejados no estuário.Este trabalho serve de base para a implementação de manejo eficiente com diálogo entre conhecimento técnico-científico e conhecimento local e minimização dos impactos negativos, visando uma maior produtividade e sustentabilidade ambiental.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-03-09T12:39:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1651590 bytes, checksum: fcf66b8bdf6abf12b15b77c951cc2f8d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-09T12:39:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1651590 bytes, checksum: fcf66b8bdf6abf12b15b77c951cc2f8d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / The traditional shrimp farming has been associated with many negative environmental impacts on mangrove ecosystems, apicuns and areas of slopes, including the release of effluent, usually with high organic matter content, from the offered feed and droppings of shrimps. In this sense, it is essential that the food offered are appropriate with effective and environmentally sustainable costs, as the inappropriate use of feed can compromise both animal development and the environment. In order to meet the demand for seafood products, with quality and adequate nutritional value, employment of shrimp farming techniques in tanks associated with the production of organic food can be a viable alternative to obtain a product of good quality, environmentally responsible and with added commercial value. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the organic cultivation of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) along the lines of family production, fed organic feed, produced from food waste and industrial feed. In tanks with organic feed, animals still were attended to perifítons as additional power. In order to evaluate the two types of crops, were determined some physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the water and shrimps, the bromatologia the feed, the farmed shrimp, plus the biometrics of animals. The results were compared with each other and with existing environmental and health laws, to evaluate the proposed treatment and quality of farmed animals. The data indicated that there was no significant difference between the crops, as regards the nutritional and microbial composition of the animal, as well as the quality of the water tanks. Therefore, one can understand that organic food associated with regular supply of perifítons, is an acceptable alternative to replacement of industrial feed the family shrimp farming due to low cost of production, absence of additives and preservatives, waste recovery generated by community and the possibility of improving the quality of life of fishermen whose activity is increasingly threatened by commercial fishing development. / A carcinicultura tradicional tem sido associada a diversos impactos ambientais negativos em ecossistemas de mangues, apicuns e áreas de encostas, incluindo o lançamento de efluente, geralmente com alta carga de matéria orgânica, proveniente das rações ofertadas e dos excrementos dos camarões. Neste sentido, é imprescindível que os alimentos ofertados sejam apropriados com custos efetivos e ambientalmente sustentáveis, visto que o emprego inadequado das rações pode comprometer tanto o desenvolvimento animal como o meio ambiente. Com vistas a atender a demanda por alimentos de origem marinha, com qualidade e valor nutricional adequado, o emprego de técnicas de cultivo de camarões em tanques associadas à produção de ração orgânica pode ser uma alternativa viável para obtenção de um produto de boa qualidade, ambientalmente responsável e com valor comercial agregado. A proposta deste trabalho foi avaliar o cultivo orgânico de camarão Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) nos moldes da produção familiar, alimentados com ração orgânica, produzida a partir de resíduos de alimentos e ração industrial. Nos tanques com ração orgânica, os animais contaram ainda com a presença de perifítons como alimentação adicional. Com o objetivo de avaliar os dois tipos de cultivos, foram determinados alguns parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos da água e dos camarões, a bromatologia das rações, dos camarões cultivados, além da biometria dos animais. Os resultados foram confrontados entre si e com as legislações ambiental e sanitária vigentes, para avaliação do tratamento proposto e qualidade dos animais cultivados. Os dados indicaram que não houve diferença significativa entre os cultivos, no que se refere à composição nutricional e microbiológica dos animais, bem como da qualidade da água dos tanques. Portanto, pode-se entender que a ração orgânica associada à oferta regular de perifítons, é uma alternativa aceitável para substituição da ração industrial no cultivo familiar de camarões, devido ao baixo custo na produção, ausência de aditivos e conservantes, aproveitamento de resíduos gerados pela comunidade, além da possibilidade de melhoria da qualidade de vida dos pescadores, cuja atividade está cada vez mais ameaçada pelo desenvolvimento da pesca comercial.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-09-05T12:21:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1705180 bytes, checksum: 27aa38341774efb565d86bd926ac8407 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-05T12:21:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1705180 bytes, checksum: 27aa38341774efb565d86bd926ac8407 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-28 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The carcinicultra is one of the economic activities that will grow in the Northeast. The species most cultivated shrimp is Litopenaeus vannamei. The objective of this research was to select potential microalgae strains to produce feed for juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, and formulating rations partially replacing fishmeal by these microalgae biomass in which they were previously selected. They were chosen eight species of microalgae from the microalgae bank reef environments Laboratory and Biotechnology with Microalgae (LARBIM / UFPB): D9Z- Spirulina plantesis; D26Z-Desmodesmus; D29Z- Chlorococum sp cf hypnosporum; D39Z- Planktrothrix isothrix; D115WC- Scenedesmus acuminatus; 133WC- Lagerheimia longiseta; D359WC- Chlorella sp; D61Z- Kirchneriella lunaris. The cultivation of microalgae was held in reef environments Laboratory and Biotechnology with Microalgae (LARBIMN / UFPB) bench. the culture media were used WC and Zarrouk. The growth was accompanied by cell count and also by fluorescence "in vivo". The biomass was concentrated in centrifuge, frozen concentrates and freeze-dried. In biomasses were quantified: proteins, carbohydrates and total fat. In the chemical composition of the diets were determined moisture, ash, protein, fat, calcium and phosphorus. The results were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test (P<0,05). Four experimental diets were prepared with 35% crude protein and fishmeal replaced by 40% of the biomass of microalgae three. The highest increases were registered in Desmodesmus sp., S. platensis, Chlorococcum sp cf hypnosporum, Planktothrix isothryx and Chlorella sp, which presented, respectively, the higher biomass and cell number. The second and the third and last were selected for the formulation of rations had the highest protein content. The formulated feed rations have chemical composition similar to that of commercial pet food. The data indicate that Chlorella sp., Sp cf C. hypnosporum and S. platensis may be used in partial replacement of fishmeal in diets for juvenile shrimp L. vannamei. / A carcinicultra é uma das atividades econômicas que mais cresce no Nordeste. A espécie de camarão mais cultivada é a Litopenaeus vannamei. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi selecionar cepas de microalgas com potencial para produzir ração para camarão juvenil Litopenaeus vannamei, bem como formular rações substituindo parcialmente a farinha de peixe pela biomassa dessas microalgas nas quais foram previamente selecionadas. Foram escolhidas oito espécies de microalgas proveniente do banco de microalgas do Laboratório de Ambientes Recifais e Biotecnologia com Microalgas (LARBIM/UFPB): D9Z- Spirulina plantesis; D26Z-Desmodesmus; D29Z- Chlorococum sp cf hypnosporum; D39Z- Planktrothrix isothrix; D115WC- Scenedesmus acuminatus; 133WC- Lagerheimia longiseta; D359WC- Chlorella sp; D61Z- Kirchneriella lunaris. O cultivo das microalgas foi realizado no Laboratório de Ambientes Recifais e Biotecnologia com Microalgas (LARBIMN/UFPB), em bancada. Foram utilizados os meios de cultivo WC e Zarrouk. O crescimento foi acompanhado por contagem celular e também pela fluorescência “in vivo”. A biomassa foi concentrada em centrifuga, os concentrados congelados e liofilizados. Nas biomassas foram quantificadas: proteínas, carboidratos e lipídios totais. Na composição química das rações foram determinados os teores de umidade, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, cálcio e fósforo. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância (ANOVA), seguida do teste de Tukey (P<0,05). Quatro rações experimentais foram elaboradas com 35% da proteína bruta sendo a farinha de peixe substituída por 40% da biomassa de três microalgas. Os maiores crescimentos foram registrados em Desmodesmus sp., S. platensis, Chlorococcum sp cf hypnosporum, Planktothrix isothryx e Chlorella sp, que apresentaram, respectivamente, os maiores valores de biomassa e número de células. A segunda, a terceira e a última foram selecionadas para a formulação das rações por apresentaram os maiores teores de proteína. As rações formuladas têm composição química semelhante à das rações comerc,iais. Os dados indicam que Chlorella sp., C. sp cf hypnosporum e S. platensis podem ser utilizadas na substituição parcial da farinha de peixe em rações para camarão juvenis de L. vannamei

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T15:09:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 890865 bytes, checksum: 6566612853acd8715800bf2697d16757 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-09 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Due to the environmental problems that devastate the planet, threatening the quality of life, is essential that the Environmental Education, based in knowledges, values and behaviors allows a critical, responsible and effective participation in minimizing the environmental issues and in the management of the environment. In this perspective, this research aimed to investigate the importance of the practice of Environmental Education in the project entitled "Integrated and Sustainable Exploitation of the Jandaia dam in a Solidarity Economy regime", of the Centre of Human, Social and Agrarian Studies (CHSAS) - Campus III, Bananeiras-PB. The inquiry was based on a quanti-qualitative methodology, using for data collection, interviews with 20 community members, a questionnaire applied to 8 extensionists and a documentary analysis of the reports of accountability to Petrobrás, financier organ of the Project.. As an object of study, we tried to detect the relationships, actions and interventions of the extensionists and the benefits provided to the community in social, environmental and economical aspects. Although 66.7% of the extensionists have claimed to provide technical support to the project, 75% have recognized the social merit, 46.5% had understood environmental education in a conception of actions to minimize social and economical inequalities and also to contribute to citizenship, autonomy and social justice and 67% had said that they had prepared the community to maintain the project in a sustainable way without the interference of the extensionists, while interviewing the community members, it was noticed that 75% was best fed as the project was in progress and recognized it as an opportunity to improve economically, however they denounced that they were not technically prepared to keep it; 50% could not answer what environment would be, and when asked about whether any environmental agency guided their rural activities, 60% of them answered "No . It was found that despite the proposal to direct the academical extension as an useful work, in an emancipatory approach starting from the strengthening of the most needy population, through the activities of pisciculture, shrimp culture and controlled fishing in harmony with the Environmental Legislation, the project presented itself as one more frustrating alternative, product of the non execution with its proposal of social, environment and economical inclusion. 9 This way, this work intends to invite the University to supervise extension projects, in order to avoid the non compromising of this institution as an agent of change. / Diante dos problemas ambientais que assolam o planeta, ameaçando a qualidade de vida, é imprescindível, a Educação Ambiental, alicerçada em conhecimentos, valores e comportamentos que permitam uma participação crítica, responsável e eficaz na minimização das questões ambientais e na gerência do meio ambiente. Nesta perspectiva, este trabalho de pesquisa visou investigar a importância da prática da Educação Ambiental no Projeto intitulado: Exploração Sustentada e Integrada da Barragem Jandaia em Regime de Economia Solidária , pertencente ao Centro de Ciências Humanas, Sociais e Agrárias (CCHSA) Campus III, Bananeiras- PB. Foi construída com base em uma metodologia quanti-qualitativa, utilizando-se para a coleta de dados, entrevista com 20 membros da comunidade e questionário aplicado aos 8 extensionistas e análise documental dos relatórios de prestação de conta à Petrobrás, órgão financiador do Projeto. Como objeto de estudo, buscou-se detectar as relações, ações e intervenções dos extensionistas e os benefícios proporcionados à comunidade nos aspectos socioambientais e econômicos. Apesar de 66,7% dos extensionistas terem alegado prestar assistência técnica ao projeto, 75% reconhecerem o seu mérito social, 46,5% entenderem Educação Ambiental numa concepção de ações para minimizar as desigualdades sociais, econômicas e contribuir para cidadania, autonomia e justiça social e 66,7% afirmarem ter preparado a comunidade para manter o projeto de forma sustentável sem a interferência dos extensionistas; ao entrevistar os membros da comunidade, constatou-se que 75% se alimentavam melhor enquanto o projeto estava em andamento e o reconheciam como uma oportunidade de melhorar economicamente, mas denunciaram não terem sido preparados tecnicamente para mantê-lo; 50% não souberam responder o que seria meio ambiente e ao serem perguntados sobre se algum órgão ambiental orientava suas atividades rurais, 60% responderam que Não. Verificou-se que apesar da proposta de direcionar a extensão universitária como trabalho útil, numa abordagem emancipatória, a partir do fortalecimento da população mais carente, através das atividades de Piscicultura, Carcinicultura e Pesca Controlada em consonância com a Legislação Ambiental, o projeto se apresentou como mais uma alternativa frustrante, produto do não cumprimento com sua proposta de inclusão socioambiental e econômica. Desta forma, este trabalho 7 pretende convidar a Universidade a fiscalizar projetos de extensão, a fim de evitar o não comprometimento desta instituição como agente de mudança.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoseALF.pdf: 1637730 bytes, checksum: db373acea969bd17630a6d795c1ec08e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-24 / This study aimed to understand the relations inside the organizational Structuring of the shrimp Field - the shrimp agribusiness placed in Rio Grande do Norte State and the strategies adopted by its players. In order to achieve that, semi-structured interviews were conducted with samples of various organizations that act in the field, like cooperatives, associations, enterprises of different links in the chain, universities and state agencies. The interviews built up a large collection of secondary data. As expected, it was found that Field and strategies are related in a recursive way: the configuration of the field, a result from his own biography, has decisively influenced the strategies adopted by its actors, who, as evolved, eventually caused further changes in the Field and outlines the plot of this area of interaction. It was found, for example, that after thirty-five years of its genesis, the Field of shrimp RN still has a low level of institutionalization, which helps to understand the difficulty of its actors in establish strategies based on partnerships and cooperation; Those actions are so necessary to alleviate the effects of the crisis that devastated the industry since 2004. It was noticed, however, that this level of institutionalization is a result, beside other factors, the very strategies that field actors are embracing along its trajectory. Thus, this study hopes to have contributed both to the necessary revival of the agency to institutional phenomenon, cited by Oliver (1991), and to meet the need for more contextualized approaches to organizational strategies (MINTZBERG, 1987; CLEGG, 2004; WHITTINGTON, 2004; 2006; SARAIVA and CARRIERI, 2007). It is an exploratory study that needs further investigation in order to get deep in this research. In this sense, others methodologies and theoretical perspectives need to be used, especially those relating to the seizure of the disputes and discursive aspects of power, as salient in the field investigated. Moreover, in terms of "practical actions", it is suggested that, as soon as possible, the main actors of the field (cooperatives, companies, and state entities in class) can be able of agglutinate efforts to support the shrimp field in RN State and make sustainable actions, which can promote the development of activity in a global view. On the apse of shrimp activities everybody wanted to be the "father of the child," Now, someone has to "stay in the goal." / Este estudo buscou compreender rela??es entre a din?mica de Forma??o e Estrutura??o do Campo Organizacional da Carcinicultura agroneg?cio do camar?o do Rio Grande do Norte/RN e as Estrat?gias adotadas pelos seus atores. Para tanto, procederam-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os representantes de diversas organiza??es que atuam no campo - cooperativas, associa??es de classe, empresas de diferentes elos da cadeia, universidades e ?rg?os estaduais e coletou-se um amplo acervo de dados secund?rios. Conforme se pressupunha, constatou-se que Campo e Estrat?gias se relacionam de modo recursivo: a configura??o do Campo, resultante de sua pr?pria biografia, tem influenciado decisivamente as Estrat?gias adotadas pelos seus atores, que, conforme se desenrolam, acabam provocando novas altera??es no Campo e delineando o enredo desse espa?o de intera??es. Averiguou-se, por exemplo, que, passados trinta e cinco anos de sua g?nese, o Campo da Carcinicultura do RN ainda possui um baixo n?vel de institucionaliza??o, o que ajuda a compreender a dificuldade de seus atores em estabelecer Estrat?gias pautadas no associativismo e na coopera??o; a??es t?o necess?rias para aliviar os efeitos da crise que assola o setor desde 2004. Viu-se, contudo, que, tal n?vel de institucionaliza??o ? fruto, dentre outros fatores, das pr?prias Estrat?gias que os atores do Campo v?m adotando ao longo de sua trajet?ria. Dessa forma, esse estudo espera ter contribu?do tanto para a necess?ria reaproxima??o da ag?ncia ao fen?meno institucional, pontuada por Oliver (1991), quanto para suprir a car?ncia de abordagens mais contextualizadas para as Estrat?gias Organizacionais (MINTZBERG, 1987; CLEGG, 2004; WHITTINGTON, 2004; 2006; SARAIVA e CARRIERI, 2007). Por tratar-se de um estudo explorat?rio, prop?e-se que outras investiga??es se aprofundem sobre as descobertas dessa pesquisa, bem como, que outras metodologias e perspectivas te?ricas sejam utilizadas, sobretudo aquelas que possibilitem a apreens?o dos aspectos discursivos e das disputas de poder, t?o salientes no campo investigado. Ademais, no que tange as ditas a??es pr?ticas , sugere-se que, com urg?ncia, os principais atores do campo (cooperativas, empresas, estado e entidades de classe) aglutinem for?as em prol da carcinicultura do RN e delineiem a??es sustent?veis, que consigam promover o desenvolvimento da atividade como um todo. Se no auge da atividade todos queriam ser o pai da crian?a , agora, algu?m tem que ficar no gol!