This diploma thesis analyzes the social security system in the Czech Republic. From 1995 to 2014 are gradually being analyzed spending on these benefits stemming from the state budget. Besides the analysis itself is partial goal to familiarize readers with the structure and construction of the social security system in the Czech Republic. In the thesis there is also made a comparison with selected countries based on at-poverty risk rate. This indicator is compared before and after the payment of social benefits in those states. At the end of the thesis there is created a regression model to predict spending on unemployment benefits untill year 2018.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-04T17:23:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 analuizaavelardeoliveira.pdf: 1271117 bytes, checksum: 8d8cc0dc92007d49008a7bb04b5426c0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T16:03:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 analuizaavelardeoliveira.pdf: 1271117 bytes, checksum: 8d8cc0dc92007d49008a7bb04b5426c0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T16:03:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 analuizaavelardeoliveira.pdf: 1271117 bytes, checksum: 8d8cc0dc92007d49008a7bb04b5426c0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-24 / A proposta desta dissertação é realizar uma análise crítica das condições de trabalho do assistente social na política de assistência social. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar quais as condições de trabalho a que os assistentes sociais estão submetidos nessa política, considerando as transformações societárias ocorridas no capitalismo contemporâneo, às consequências para as políticas sociais, em especial a política de assistência social e as transformações processadas no interior da profissão. Para tanto, será realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental acerca das determinações centrais que perpassam as condições de trabalho do assistente social, bem como uma pesquisa em fontes como anais dos ENPESS e CBAS, CadSUAS, Censo SUAS e nos relatórios de fiscalização do CRESS 6ª Região/Seccional Juiz de Fora. / The purpose of this dissertation is to achieve a critical analysis of the working conditions of social workers in social assistance policy. This paper aims to identify the working conditions that social workers are submitted in this policy, considering the societal changes occurred in contemporary capitalism, the consequences for social policies, in particular on social assistance policy and the transformations processed inside the profession. For this, a bibliographic and documentary research on the central determinations that underlie the working conditions of social workers will be held as well as a research sources such as annals of ENPESS and CBAS, CadSUAS, Census ITS and the CRESS 6th Region/ Sectional Juiz de Fora inspection reports.

Orientador: Neide Aparecida de Souza Lehfeld / Resumo: A presente pesquisa teve por objeto de estudo, os atendimentos às crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual realizados no Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) de Uberaba. O objetivo geral foi de conhecer a Política Municipal de Assistência Social do município de Uberaba, os atendimentos direcionados às crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual desenvolvidos no município e as contribuições do CREAS para estes atendimentos. Utilizou-se das pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e de campo, para responder aos propósitos da pesquisa. A criança vítima de violência sexual necessita de atendimentos que a retire da situação de risco e propicie a ela e sua família condições para superação da violência, de forma que esta não se reincida. O CREAS, enquanto equipamento da Política de Assistência Social, inserido dentro do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos (SGD), da criança e do adolescente, é um equipamento de primordial importância para o atendimento a estes sujeitos e suas famílias. Neste sentido, foi realizado um estudo sobre a atual configuração da Política de Assistência Social no município de Uberaba/MG, que como toda política pública, necessita de ferramentas para sua regulamentação. Destaca-se neste ensejo, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) suas alterações e complementações, o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos estabelecido nesta legislação, que de forma gradual vêm sendo implementados e que contribuem de maneira significativa pa... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present study had as its object of study, the care process of children and adolescents victims of sexual violence carried out at the Specialized Reference Center of Social Assistance (CREAS) of Uberaba. With the general objective of knowing the Municipal Policy of Social Assistance of the city of Uberaba, the assistance directed to children and adolescents victims of sexual violence developed in the municipality, and the contributions of CREAS for these assistance; bibliographic, documentary and field research was used to answer the research purposes. The child victim of sexual violence needs assistance that removes him from the risk situation, and provides him and his family with conditions to overcome the violence, so that it does not recur. CREAS, as an equipment of the Social Assistance Policy, inserted within the Rights Guarantee System (SGD), of this public, is an equipment of paramount importance for the care of these subjects and their families. In this sense, a study was carried out on the current configuration of the Social Assistance Policy in the city of Uberaba / MG, which, like all public policies, needs tools for its regulation. It stands out in this opportunity, the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (ECA), its amendments and additions, the Rights Guarantee System established in this legislation, which has been gradually being implemented and which contributes significantly to meet the needs of children, demands generated, in the context of the research, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

In this study the resemblances in the preparatory work that was conducted before the introduction of the Social Welfare Act (socialtjänstlagen) in 1982 as well as before the current legislation that came into power in 2001 has been studied. The aim of this study has been to examine the similarities and differences in preparatory work originating from two contrasting time periods using the model for thematic analysis suggested by Braun & Clarke (2006). The theories that were utilized discuss power, principles of governing and distribution of responsibilities, neo-liberalism, street-level bureaucracy and stigma. An important theoretical component consists of Bacchi and Evelines (2010) “WPR-approach” which brings up how the problem is handled linguistically. The empirical findings spanned over three levels: government, municipality and individuals and demonstrate theoretical models of explanation for these. In the empirical material no solutions on a structural or individual level were presented, instead moral and personal responsibility was accentuated as the path out of poverty. This study showed that the individual is subjectified, stigmatised and renounced which make it even more difficult to break free from the terms of aid.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att granska rättssäkerheten i tillämpningen av mål om ekonomiskt bistånd enligt 4 kap. 1 § Socialtjänstlagen i förvaltningsdomstolarna, med fokus på Förvaltningsrätten i Stockholm. Studien visar att överklagandefrekvensen har ökat under åren 2013–2018 i alla förvaltningsrätter och att ändringsfrekvensen var 11 procent. Väldigt få mål fick prövningstillstånd i kammarrätterna och i Högsta förvaltningsdomstolen och under en procent av målen fick bifall.Till Förvaltningsrätten i Stockholm överklagades drygt två procent av socialtjänstens avslagsbeslut om ekonomiskt bistånd, vilket kan jämföras med andelen överklaganden av socialförsäkringsmål som var 43 procent. Av besluten som överklagades fick tre procent av de klagande bifall. En närmare granskning av 100 domar från Förvaltningsrätten i Stockholm år 2018 visade att störst chans att få bifall har de mål som handlar om vad som är ett behov enligt Socialtjänstlagen. De mål som rör att den klagande själv anses kunna tillgodose behovet eller inte anses medverka i utredningen hade minst chans att få bifall. Förekomst av bevis samvarierade med bifall för båda parter. Vilka de klagande är eller om barn finns i hushållet påverkade inte utfallet och barns behov belystes inte alls. Vilken enhet och domare hos Förvaltningsrätten som dömt i målet samvarierade också med utfallet.Analysen utifrån rättssäkerhet visar att den ur ett formellt perspektiv är hög. De flesta fick avslag och besluten var därmed förutsebara. Rättssäkerheten minskade dock genom utfallets samvariation med vilken enhet och domare som dömt. Ur ett materiellt perspektiv på rättssäkerhet innebar 71 procent av avslagen att den enskilde inte tillförsäkrades en skälig levnadsnivå. Krav ställdes på den klagande som gjorde att bedömningen kom att handla om vad den klagande kunde ha gjort för att tillgodose behovet själv, inte huruvida denne faktiskt kunde det. Detta tillsammans med att högre beviskrav eventuellt ställdes i dessa mål gör att rättssäkerheten ur ett materiellt perspektiv kan ifrågasättas.

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This dissertation serves as a legal analysis of a crucial labour issue, namely old age and retirement, which inevitably affects, or at least concerns, all employees, this dissertation will concentrate on the legal analysis of the principles which currently regulate the fairness of any termination of employment due to an employee reaching a certain age. The subject is deemed to be both relevant and actual, due to the relatively new amendment to one the Social Assistance Amendment Act, Act number 6 of 2008, whereby the retirement age of men has periodically been lowered from 65 to 60. The introduction to the last mentioned Act states to purpose of the Amendment Act, namely: “To amend the Social Assistance Act, 2004, so as to regulate afresh the eligibility of men for an older person's grant”. This inevitably had an impact on employers’ policies, relevant contractual clauses and the operational aspects of many businesses. Our society needs to protect the norms of fairness in not only the dismissal of employees, but also with regard to pre-employment interviews, advertisements, requirements set by labour brokers, etcetera. Any such similar study will inevitably lead to the question of what the most severe sanction could be when it is ruled that a dismissal is automatically unfair. The issue of retirement is a constitutionally enshrined and protected right and The Labour Relations Act honours this right by also providing “double the protection” against discrimination merely due to old age. This dissertation will concentrate on the latter part of the scale of unfairness, namely automatically unfair dismissals, which inevitably leads to a study of that fine line or balance between unfairness of a dismissal, which is not based on any arbitrary discriminatory ground as opposed to those dismissals which are. Firstly, the starting point is the pre-requisites / requirements for dismissal. Secondly distinction in labour law between “unfair dismissal” and “automatically unfair dismissal” is focused on. This entails a look at the meanings as set out in Sections 186 (1) and Section 187, especially Section 187 (1) (f). Thirdly a study of the Employment Equity Act’s prohibition of unfair discrimination as set out in Chapter II, Sections 5 to 11 will provide more clarity on the reason why not only the Labour Relations Act deals with or should deal with discrimination. Fourthly, the Social Assistance Amendment Act’s amendment of retirement age for males and the impact on the labour market in the RSA will be examined Thereafter, a brief comparison of certain countries’ legislation, practice and procedure on unfair discrimination due to old age, will be set out. It is the author of this dissertation’s objectives to:. <ul> (i) attempt to bring the impact of the Social Assistance Amendment Act, Act number 6 of 2008, to the attention of South African employers, employees and the State; (ii) highlight the need for employer’s to tread carefully when dealing with aspects which may easily be deemed to be automatically unfair; (iii) clarify the murky waters between fair dismissals and automatically unfair dismissals; (iv) present the cases “walking the tightrope” to provide more clarity and insight into the reasoning of Commissioners and Judges; (v) elaborate on the compulsory referral of automatically unfair dismissals to the Labour Court; (vi) Analyse the relevant Constitutional clauses and consequences of contravention thereof; (vii) Point out all relevant aspects of the Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act, Act number 4 of 2000; (viii) Shine a spotlight on the expanding realm of Social Security and the impacts thereof on this topic of discussion and ‘visa versa’; (ix) Attempt to provide answers to the self-posed question of whether or not the gap between unfair and automatically unfair dismissals should be broadened or narrowed, and; (x) take a brief, critical look into the cost effectiveness and accessibility of employees to our tribunals and Courts to satisfy employees that their rights are indeed easily enforceable. </ul> / Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Mercantile Law / unrestricted

MCom (Economics) / Department of Economics / The need to realise steady economic growth, measured in this research by Gross Domestic Product (GDP), has ignited a plethora of studies about the contributors of economic growth and their optimal levels. Government expenditure is one contributor to economic growth. From a theoretical standpoint, optimal government size is depicted by an inverted U-curve known as the Armey curve which is hypothesised between the relationship of government size and economic growth. Empirical literature provides evidence that optimal government size is between 20-30 percent a share of GDP. However, little has been done to investigate the optimal level of isolated components of government spending that maximizes economic growth. One component of government spending that has gained limelight over the past decade is that of social assistance. Defined as public expenditure spent as cash and food transfers to the poor, this research uses social assistance expenditure to assess its optimal level that maximizes growth. This is important because some policymakers are concerned about the ballooning budgets directed at social assistance, and argue that the scarce resources need to be transferred to other social services sectors such as health and education. Basing on the panel-data accessed from the World Bank, this research uses the quadratic equation model to determine the optimal level of social assistance for African and Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD) countries covering the period 2009-15. The finding is that the optimal level of social assistance spending for African and OECD countries is 3.2 percent of GDP and 29.4 percent of GDP respectively. The study also finds that both African and OECD countries operate below the optimal levels and it is suggested that they need to increase social assistance spending in order to realize positive contributions to economic growth. / NRF

[pt] Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo a análise da contribuição da política de assistência social na Rede Municipal de Atenção Integral à Criança e ao Adolescente de Niterói (Rede DCA) a partir da atuação do Centro de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social (CREAS) no fluxo de atendimento aos casos de violência doméstica intra e extrafamiliar, privilegiando os entraves e possibilidades do trabalho intersetorial na efetiva garantia dos direitos de crianças e adolescentes. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo, concretizado através da realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com onze profissionais de diversas instâncias do Sistema de Garantia de Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente de Niterói, submetidas à análise de conteúdo em sua modalidade temática. Os resultados apontam que a Rede DCA se configura como uma relevante iniciativa, decorrente da mobilização política de atores e instituições do poder público e da sociedade civil organizada, direcionada à proteção integral a crianças e adolescentes em Niterói, mesmo com os entraves ainda encontrados. O fluxo de atendimento aos casos de violência doméstica intra e extrafamiliar representa conquista coletiva a favor da delimitação das atribuições dos órgãos e serviços envolvidos no atendimento a crianças e adolescentes vítimas da violência doméstica e indica a capacidade de atuação intersetorial cada vez mais tangível de ser alcançada pela Rede DCA a partir do incremento das ações interdisciplinares e interinstitucionais já consolidadas. No entanto, o desafio identificado na compreensão acerca das atribuições do CREAS somado às dificuldades de interlocução entre os atores sociais partícipes do fluxo de atendimento, fazem com que este ainda não se mostre efetivo na operacionalização de ações intersetoriais necessárias à proteção integral a crianças e adolescentes. / [en] This research aims to analyze the social assistance policy contribution to the Municipal Children and Adolescents Integral Attention Network of Niterói (Rede DCA) as from the actions taken by the Social Assistance Specialized Reference Center (CREAS) at the attendance flow of intra and extrafamilial violence cases, emphasizing the hindrances and possibilities of intersectorial work in the effective assurance of children and adolescents rights. It is a qualitative study, that was accomplished through semi structured interviews with eleven professionals in different levels of the Children and Adolescents Rights Assurance System of Niterói, submitted to content analysis as from its theme modality. The results show that the Rede DCA configures a relevant initiative, resulting from the political mobilization of actors and institutions from public authority and organized civil society, directed at the integral protection of children and adolescents in Niterói, even with the hindrances still found. The attendance flow of intra and extrafamilial domestic violence cases represents a collective achievement in favor of attendance to children and adolescents victims of domestic violence involved services and organs attributions delimitation and indicates the intersectorial acting capacity more and more tangible to the Rede DCA as from the development of interdisciplinary and interinstitutional actions already consolidated. However, the challenge identified in the understanding of CREAS assignments added to the difficulties of interlocution between the participants social actors in the attendance flow, makes this still not effective in operationalize intersectorial actions needed for integral protection of children and adolescents.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att undersöka den diskursiva konstruktionen av ekonomiskt bistånd som yttersta skyddsnät inom ramen för handläggning och bedömning. För att besvara syftet har gruppintervjuer med handläggare på ekonomiskt bistånd genomförts. Vid intervjuerna har tre vinjetter presenterats som handläggarna fått möjlighet att diskutera. I uppsatsen används Laclau och Mouffes diskursteori som teori och analysmetod. Vår studie visar på konstruktioner av ekonomiskt bistånd som det yttersta skyddsnätet i form av tre diskurser; diskursen om ett yttersta skyddsnät då alla andra möjligheter är uttömda, diskursen om ett yttersta skyddsnät mot någonting samt diskursen om ett yttersta skyddsnät när andra välfärdssystem brister. Vi har identifierat den första diskursen, med betoning på klientens skyldigheter och egna ansvar, som hegemonisk. I den andra diskursen betonas klientens rättigheter och hjälpbehov samt handläggarnas ansvar för den enskilde. I den tredje diskursen ligger fokus på kommunens yttersta ansvar för sina invånare när andra välfärdssystem brister. Det finns en motstridighet mellan diskurserna, vilket får konsekvenser för biståndshandläggarna i form av ett komplicerat arbete. Studien visar på variation mellan kommunerna i de diskursiva konstruktionerna, frågan om att stå till arbetsmarknadens förfogande, förmildrande omständigheter samt innebörden av nöd &amp; kris. Variationerna leder till en osäkerhet för den biståndssökande avseende utfallet på ansökan om ekonomiskt bistånd. Vår studie visar på potentiella brister i välfärdssystemet och i organiseringen av ekonomiskt bistånd. Vi anser därför att ekonomiskt bistånd kan behöva reformeras i grunden.