The work focuses on analyzing the concept of justice as fairness in the political and moral philosophy. Mapping the development of opinion on the fairness of the ancient world, which will deal mainly with access to justice in Platon and Aristoteles. Particular attention will be paid to the concept of justice in the social contract T. Hobbes, J. Locke, J. J. Rousseau and I. Kant. The core work will consist of an analysis of John Rawls's theory of justice as fairness and approach to social justice by Friedrich August von Hayek. Keywords: theory of justice, social contract, social fairness, civil society, morality

Title: Corporate identity of a new gentleman's fencing club Tailor's Fencing Club Goals: The goal of this thesis is to create a complete corporate identity of a new fencing club in the form of a business company. The outcome of this thesis will be used for the project of founding a new gentleman fencing club. Methods: For the solution of the thesis I used the method of document analysis, the method of a group discussion with the future realization team of the project, the method of informal interviews with the future co-owner of the club and a marketing and PR expert and the method of observation in several chosen business and sport clubs. Results: The outcome of this thesis is the creation of a complete corporate identity of a new club, including graphic designs of various chapters referring to the corporate identity, such as choosing the right name of the club together with the organization's philosophy, the creation of the logo, corporate colors, printed materials, merchandising, the interior of the club, the uniforms of the employees and the sports equipment, the design of the company's website, followed by the corporate communication and the product of the company. A next result is the formulation of the social contract of the organization. Key words: company identity, epee fencing, design...

This thesis examines the politics of foundations in modern political thought through a reading and immanent critique of Hobbes’s Leviathan. I argue that his thought exemplifies a specifically modern problem of foundations insofar as he must establish political and scientific foundations on the basis of precisely the impossibility of foundation. Hobbes’s account of political founding and the establishment of scientific foundations is first and foremost a response to a condition of finitude in which foundations are no longer given or available but nevertheless demanded. While it appears that Hobbes describes the finitude of ‘Man’ and natural bodies and derives his political theory from these, in fact for Hobbes these no longer provide given foundations for political thought, but must themselves be posited in acts of political and epistemological projection. Hobbes’s politics of foundations therefore demands that we fabricate political and scientific foundations for ourselves and act as if they are not incalculable postulations but calculable necessities. I call this the problem of projection, in which political knowledge is possible only because we make it and posit it ourselves. Through a reading of the role of the metaphor of making in Hobbes’s account of political origins and sovereignty, I argue that this reading of Hobbes’s politics of origins as the institution of foundations in the face of the impossibility of foundation exposes finitude as a groundlessness to which there is no necessary political response. It does not necessarily demand the production of foundations through the institution of sovereignty. Hobbes’s Leviathan therefore provides a site in which we might begin to ask more precise empirical and theoretical questions about the transformative possibilities in the modern politics of foundations. / Graduate

Trata-se, nesta tese, de analisar a relação entre política e religião na obra de Jean- Jacques Rousseau. Como fio condutor das discussões aqui apresentadas, toma-se o conceito de religião civil, definido no capítulo 8 do quarto livro do Contrato Social. A análise busca reconstituir a gênese desse conceito e apontar seus desdobramentos, mostrando em que sentido ele supera o conflito histórico entre poder secular e poder eclesiástico. O aspecto decisivo da pesquisa está em comparar aquilo que Rousseau denomina o essencial da religião com o princípio de sociabilidade verificado em seus escritos políticos, ressalvando-se que tal aproximação não implica em afirmar um fundamento religioso da sociedade. Com este trabalho, pretende-se não apenas compreender um aspecto fundamental do pensamento rousseauniano, mas também refletir acerca da dicotomia entre religião e política no âmbito da filosofia política moderna. / The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relation between Politics and Religion in the work of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. The main theme of the discussion presented here is the concept of civil religion, as defined in the Social Contract (book IV, chapter 8). The analysis seeks to reconstruct the genesis of this concept and point out its consequences, showing in what sense it overcomes the historic conflict between ecclesiastical power and secular power. The decisive aspect of the research is to compare what Rousseau called the essence of religion with the principle of sociability found in his political writings, pointing out that such an approach does not mean to say that society has a religious foundation. With this work, we intend to not only understand a fundamental aspect of Rousseau\'s thought, but also reflect on the dichotomy between Religion and Politics in the context of modern political philosophy.

L'avant-dernier chapitre du Contrat social, intitulé « De la Religion civile », est un texte qui suscite encore de nombreuses polémiques. Jean-Jacques Rousseau semble avoir inventé la notion de « religion civile » pour trouver un moyen de garantir au Souverain la fidélité de chaque citoyen. Mais qu'est-ce précisément que cette « religion civile » ? Par quel moyen peut-elle garantir la fidélité des citoyens ? Pour répondre à ces questions, notre étude a choisi de se concentrer sur les termes employés par Rousseau et qui nous semblent résumer le mieux, d'une manière concrète, l'essentiel de la « religion civile » : les « sentiments de sociabilité ». Pour ce faire, cette étude s'articulera en quatre parties : La Partie I consacrée à la notion de « sentiment » chez Rousseau relève d'une étude « psychologique ». La Partie II relève d'une étude historique : à travers la lecture des œuvres écrites juste avant et après la publication du Contrat social, nous préciserons le contexte historique de la rédaction du chapitre « De la Religion civile ». La Partie III sera consacrée à l'idée de « sociabilité » : nous mesurons la portée de cette idée employée par Rousseau dans un contexte à la fois théorique et polémique. La Partie IV sera consacrée à la lecture du Contrat social lui-même. Nous expliquerons finalement ce que signifient les termes « sentiments de sociabilité » dans cet ouvrage. À travers l'ensemble de ce travail, nous vérifierons la pertinence de la thèse suivante : la « religion civile » chez Rousseau est un dispositif qui déclenche et renforce l'auto-contradiction chez le citoyen. Notre projet précisera donc le point de confluence de la pensée morale, politique et religieuse de Rousseau, qui se trouve dans le Contrat social. / The eighth chapter of the Book IV of the Social Contract, entitled “On the Civil Religion”, still remains problematic. Jean-Jacques Rousseau seems to have invented the concept of “civil religion” to find a way to guarantee the fidelity of each citizen to the Sovereign. But what is this “civil religion” precisely? By what kind of means can this religion guarantee the citizens' fidelity? To solve these problems, we will examine the expression used by Rousseau which seems to summarize precisely the essence of the “civil religion”: the “sentiments of sociability [sentiments de sociabilité].” We will be able to show the importance of this expression only after a detailed exploration of its historical and philosophical context, which can be divided into four Parts: Part I will offer an analysis of the concept of “sentiment” used by Rousseau in the late 1750s. This Part will also show the philosophical background of this concept. Part II will describe the historical background of the writing and the publication of the Social Contract, focusing on the chapter “On the Civil Religion.” Part III will offer a detailed examination of the concept of “sociability:” we will verify the theoretical and polemical aspect of this concept, as it is used by Rousseau. Part IV will offer a detailed analysis and commentary of the chapter “On the Civil Religion” of the Social Contract, weaving together the various threads of the explanations provided in the previous parts. As a whole, this dissertation asserts that religion was a necessary component of Rousseau's political system, insofar as it provided a tool to generate self-contradiction and, as its consequence, moral thought and moral choice in the citizens' conscience.

This thesis examines the role of the public in Flood Risk Management (FRM) service provision at a time when the perceptions of the distribution of benefits provided by FRM interventions are in flux, and the role the public should play in FRM highly contested among stakeholders. Two schemes have marked the revised role of the public in FRM - Partnership Funding and Flood Re - both of which challenge existing judgments of the excludability and rivalry of benefits delivered by FRM interventions. The Partnership Funding scheme allocates capital for FRM projects proportionately to the public benefits they provide, allowing communities to top-up grants through local contributions. In comparison, by increasing accessibility to affordable insurance through cross-subsidies and pricing signals, Flood Re highlights a growing recognition that the distribution of gains as a result of widespread insurance uptake is greater than the benefits received by the policyholder alone. Following the identification of these schemes, we tested their social feasibility, examining both the scale and distribution of benefits. Due to the different stages of implementation of each scheme at the time of writing this thesis, two distinct methods were developed. The Partnership Funding Chapter used field data to examine how public-private funding of flood defences has changed service provision and the public acceptance of this transition. Whereas the Flood Re chapter used computer-based experiments to hypothesize how Flood Re may make the purchase of insurance a more or less attractive investment for different types of consumer. We found that Partnership Funding enabled more FRM projects to go ahead, raised public awareness of flood risk, and improved collaboration between stakeholders, but encouraged lower-cost projects, which, in the longer term, could transfer the expense of managing residual risk to the householder. In comparison, Flood Re provided peace of mind to householders struggling to afford rises in insurance premiums, but disproportionately benefited those who annually purchased insurance. Combining this proposed inequity in Flood Re with increasing residual risks, we identify a gap in service provision for the public who cannot afford household mitigation measures. We propose that loss mitigation and flood defence should become increasingly collaborative in line with the complexities of flooding within a community. We seek a move away from the information asymmetry which currently exists between insurance providers and policyholders, and yet simultaneously call for local authorities to recognise the capacity of the public to participate in FRM, and sustain resilience in the face of rising flood risk.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-05-07T14:23:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 discurso_sobre.pdf: 1178903 bytes, checksum: 9721b32cf6e300e08ad274d26ba13dde (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:23:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 discurso_sobre.pdf: 1178903 bytes, checksum: 9721b32cf6e300e08ad274d26ba13dde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-21 / Nenhuma / A inevitável globalização acarretou mudanças de ordem ideológica, científica, tecnológica e, sobretudo, social. Como reflexo destas transformações, o Direito Penal vem sofrendo um processo de expansão em suas bases e estruturas. Processo este, necessário, mas que origina um forte conflito com o modelo penal clássico. Assim, a sociedade hodierna, que clama pela solução dessas novas demandas, exige do Estado uma ação enérgica e célere para conter a moderna problemática. E para atender a essa sociedade, o Estado lança mão da proteção de novos bens jurídicos, configurando um caráter expansivo de antecipação da tutela penal. Desta feita, o Direito Penal, que deveria ser um instrumento de garantia do cidadão frente ao poder punitivo, encontra-se em um caminho inverso, ampliando seu âmbito de atuação, antecipando a intervenção punitiva, reduzindo ou até mesmo suprimindo as formalidades e garantias penais e processuais penais, como no denominado modelo proposto por Günther Jakobs Direito Penal do Inimigo. De tal modo, no presente trabalho será abordada a base jus-filosófica do denominado Direito Penal do Inimigo, principalmente no que tange à influência das mais importantes teorias contratualistas como a de Rousseau, Fichte, Hobbes e Kant. Ainda, far-se-á uma análise normativa da aludida teoria, em seus principais aspectos, tecendo considerações críticas a respeito de sua aplicabilidade no Direito Penal contemporâneo. / The inevitable globalization has brought about ideological, scientific, technological and, above all, social changes. Reflecting all these changes, the Penal Law has been going through an expanding process of its bases and structures. A necessary process, but that leads to a hard conflict with the classic penal model. Thus, todays society, claims for these new demands solution, requiring from the State an energetic and prompt action to refrain the modern problematic. And, in order to meet to the societys claim, the State does not look into the legal protection of new goods, setting up an expansive character of Penal supervision anticipation. From this, the Penal Law, which should be one of the means of guarantee the citizens have against the punitive power, is now on the reverse way, expanding its action scope, anticipating the punitive intervention, reducing or even eliminating the formalities and penal and penal procedure guarantees, known from the model proposed by Günther Jakobs Penal Law of the Enemy. In this way, the present paper will look into the legal philosophical basis of the called Penal Law of the Enemy, mainly regarding the influence of the most important Contractual theories, as Rousseauss, Fichtes, Hobbes?s and Kants. Still, a normative analysis will be made on the aforementioned theory, in its main aspects, making critical considerations about its applicability in contemporary Penal Law.

The increasing popularity of inclusion classrooms has placed a large number of students with special needs with the ones without disabilities. Often, general education teachers lack sufficient training in proven inclusion practices that is necessary to cope with the increase in diverse learning needs. The absence of sufficient training can lead to disruptive behavior and also, induce more stress in the classroom for the educator and the students. The qualitative case study aimed to explore the strategies and techniques used by elementary school teachers to successfully manage inclusion classrooms and to learn how the teachers handled stress. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory provided the theoretical framework for this study. The data collection methods involved observing school classrooms and interviewing teachers. A total of 6 teachers were interviewed and 3 observations were made in the classroom settings of these teachers. All the participants were teachers located in a small rural district of South Central Texas. The collected data were analyzed using cross-case analysis. The findings of this study indicate the most common methods of classroom management, that include the centers formed by small groups of students, and the tailoring of activities based on students' needs. Further, it was learnt that the teachers used a variety of techniques to mitigate their stress levels and to manage their classrooms in a calm manner. Also, using appropriate classroom management techniques can help the students with special needs to learn ways in which they can adapt their own behavior through self-regulation, to function more effectively with others.

Research has established that national homeland security policy requires a whole community or all-of-nation approach to national security preparedness. What is less clear is whether all stakeholders are integrated into or benefit from this collective effort. This narrative policy analysis examined the relationship between a federally-recognized group of Native American tribal nations and homeland security national preparedness to explore whether tribal nations are effectively integrated with the collective effort for national preparedness. The theoretical framework stemmed from a convergence of social contract theory and conflict theory. Interviews (n = 21) were conducted with preparedness authorities from government agencies, and from tribal nations and nongovernmental organizations that advocate on behalf of tribal nations. Data were analyzed using Roe's narrative policy analysis technique. Results revealed areas of convergence of the government and tribal narratives on the historical disenfranchisement of tribal nations; findings also showed areas of divergence on how to better integrate tribal nations in homeland security national preparedness. The study concludes with a number of recommendations highlighting the manner in which national interests and tribal nation preparedness interests are intertwined. This study suggests that the nation's homeland security may be better served by greater inclusion of tribal nations in national preparedness efforts. The results of this study contribute to positive social change by giving voice to a heretofore disenfranchised social group, Native Americans, and by allowing them to strengthen the metanarrative of homeland security national preparedness.

Every society has jobs that need to be done in order to survive and to improve its members’ subjective well-being. Work is an important source of individuals’ subjective well-being. Employees within higher education institutions face a complex environment and play an important role in the reconstruction and development in South Africa. Employees are experiencing more challenges in the workplace than ever before. They spend more time at work and because they have less leisure time, they have fewer opportunities of seeking meaning in their lives. These factors have an impact on the well-being and happiness of employees in higher education institutions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between employees’ work experience, type of contract and work outcomes of employees at a higher education institution. A cross-sectional survey design was used with 483 employees at a higher education institution and a response rate of 62% (N = 300) was obtained. The measuring instruments used in this study included the Psychological Contract Across Nations (PSYCONES), Employment Contract Scale, Job Satisfaction Scale, Mental Health Continuum - Short Form and Intention to Quit Scale. Exploratory factor analyses and Cronbach alpha coefficients were computed to determine the construct validity and reliability of the measures. Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariate analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance and hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between the constructs in this study. Bootstrap-estimated confidence intervals were used to assess the significance of indirect effects. The results of study 1 confirmed the validity and reliability of measures (except for the social contract). Age, tenure and gender had statistically significant effects on the fulfilment of one dimension of the psychological contract, namely work conditions. Younger people with less tenure experienced more fulfilment of the psychological contract (regarding work conditions). Tenure also impacted psychological contract violation. Type of contract (permanent versus temporary) impacted the fulfilment of the psychological contract (specifically work conditions). Males (compared to females) experienced more fulfilment of the psychological contract (regarding work conditions) and less violation of the psychological contract. Tenure and type of contract were also related to experiences of the employment contract. The results of study 2 showed that psychological contract violation, job dissatisfaction and lack of flourishing directly impacted turnover intention. Lack of psychological contract fulfilment indirectly impacted job dissatisfaction and languishing via psychological contract violation. The employment contract did not have a statistically significant effect on job satisfaction, flourishing and turnover intention of employees in a higher education institution. Psychological contract violation indirectly impacted turnover intention via job dissatisfaction and languishing of employees. The results of this study confirmed the important role of fulfilment of the psychological contract and non-violation of the psychological contract regarding job satisfaction, flourishing and retention of employees in a higher education institution. Recommendations were made for future research. / MCom, Labour Relations Management, North-West University, Vaal Triangle Campus, 2012