O presente estudo oferece algumas pistas para a compreensão das atuais implicações entre juventude, cidade e políticas sociais por meio do estudo de caso de um programa social denominado Jovens Urbanos. Registram-se possíveis sentidos das ações públicas dirigidas a jovens pobres moradores das periferias urbanas e as possibilidades que essas ações são capazes de provocar e convergir para a garantia do direito à cidade. Contribui com o debate sobre a gestão de projetos e políticas sociais, exclusão socioespacial e seus impactos nos modos de vida juvenis e com estudos voltados a repensar modelos e metodologias de educação de jovens, assumindo a potência da cidade como espaço formativo. A metodologia proposta pelo Jovens Urbanos é marcadamente influenciada por teses contemporâneas que se debruçam sobre os efeitos da modernidade ou da pós-modernidade nos modos de pensar e agir atuais. O estudo é qualitativo e utilizou entrevistas como principal ferramenta de coleta de dados, das quais decorrem descrições de experiências de jovens egressos e de atores implicados na gestão da terceira edição do programa, realizada de 2007 a 2008, nos distritos de Grajaú e Lajeado. A interação entre uma fundação vinculada a um banco, organizações sociais locais, governos municipal e estadual e outras empresas públicas e privadas, promovida pelo Jovens Urbanos, anunciou desconfianças e esperanças. É analisado o poder de contribuição que essa rede articulada teria no enfrentamento dos desafios das cidades e da juventude, partindo da compreensão de que a crise das cidades transcenderia os indicadores de pobreza e caos urbano, tratando-se, também, de uma crise política. Os indicadores de vulnerabilidade social, utilizados como critérios de medida para escolher os territórios de intervenção, são problematizados, revelando limites e alcances do programa. No tocante aos principais resultados da pesquisa, pode-se afirmar a primazia da cultura em relação à geografia: no Jovens Urbanos, a circulação e o acesso dos jovens aos espaços, artefatos e recursos da cidade seus principais objetivos estiveram colocados em função da ampliação do campo cultural e relacional dos jovens, não obstante o reconhecimento de que os jovens guardam, atualmente, maneiras distintas de sociabilidade e uso do espaço urbano, contestando teses de um possível confinamento socioespacial ao qual estariam submetidos. Ao optar pela cultura, o Jovens Urbanos opera um importante deslocamento: deixa de lado parcos conteúdos de preparo para o mercado de trabalho, amiúde dirigidos a jovens pobres, em prol da exploração, experimentação e produção de diferentes aportes culturais na cidade como sua grande diretriz. A participação no Jovens Urbanos configurou-se, para os atores envolvidos, uma experiência formativa, com rebatimentos (em diferentes medidas e significados) em suas opções de vida, sejam relativas a estudos, trabalho, relacionamento com as cidades ou com outros grupos e territórios de pertença, sejam consigo mesmos. A superação da invisibilidade, por exemplo, figura nas narrativas dos jovens como a possibilidade de olhar e também ser visto, reconhecido, valorizado por seus pares, educadores e outros diferentes atores não-nativos presentes na cidade. / This study offers some clues to understand the current implications amid youth, city and social policies through a case study of a social program called Urban Youths. The study focus in possible meanings of public actions targeting poor young residents of urban suburb area and the possibilities opened by these actions to converge in guarantees of the right to the city. This research expects to contribute to the debate on the management of projects and social policies, socio-exclusion and its impact in ways of youth life, and with studies aiming to rethink models and methodologies of youth education, assuming the power of the city as a formative space. Methodology proposed by Urban Youths is markedly influenced by contemporary theories focused on the effects of modernity or postmodernity in the ways of thinking and acting today. The study is qualitative and used interviews as main tool for data collection, from which derive descriptions of the experiences of both the young people enrolled in the program and the players involved in its management. The edition studied is the third one, conducted from 2007 to 2008, in Grajaú and Lajeado (São Paulo city) districts, promoted by a banks foundation, , local social organizations, municipal and state governments and other public and private companies, which interactions raised mistrust and hopes. The power of contribution of this articulated network was analyzed for meeting challenges of cities and youth, based on the understanding that the crisis of the cities transcend poverty indicators and urban chaos, also being a political crisis. The social vulnerability indicators used by Urban Youths as measurement criteria to choose areas of intervention are assessed, revealing the limits and scope of the program. Regarding the main search results, it is possible to state the primacy of culture over the geography: at Urban Youths, the access of young people to spaces, artifacts and resources of the city its main objectives were placed according to the expansion of cultural and relational field of youngsters, despite the recognition that the young guard, nowadays, different ways of sociability and urban space usage. This challenges the thesis of a possible socio-territorial confinement to which they would be subjected. Making an option for the culture, the Urban Youths takes a major shift: leaves aside meager contents of labor market preparation usually the objective of programs for poor youth for the sake of exploration, experimentation and production of different cultural contributions in the city. Participation in Urban Youth was, for involved players, a formative experience, with repercussions (in different dimensions and meanings) in their life choices, as related to studies, work, and relationship with the city or with other groups of belonging, as to themselves. Overcoming invisibility, for example, takes place in the narratives of young people as the possibility of looking and being seen, recognized, valued by their peers, educators and various other \"non-native\" players in the city.

Submitted by Marlene Aparecida de Souza Cardozo (mcardozo@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-20T16:33:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Adriano Guedes de Oliveira.pdf: 2489313 bytes, checksum: db7ec200730b90c07babe81acbce42c5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-20T16:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Adriano Guedes de Oliveira.pdf: 2489313 bytes, checksum: db7ec200730b90c07babe81acbce42c5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-29 / The objective of this work is to perform an of social aspects analysis, political and economic of black people in the Brazilian labor market between the years 2002 to 2014. To assist in the analysis, data will be presented collected between the years in question to give support to work. There is a latent socioeconomic gap in Brazilian society between whites and blacks, this situation leads to numerous social, political and economic problems for the black population. The same holds the worst indicators and sanitation rates, health, education, employment, income, among others. Therefore, analyze the racial question via the labor market, it is something entirely valid, since it is that part of the socio-economic relations take place. Not counting that is through the labor market that people can generate income so they can get their personal development / O objetivo desta dissertação é efetuar uma análise sobre a situação social, política e econômica do negro no mercado de trabalho brasileiro entre os anos de 2002 a 2014. Como forma de auxílio das análises, serão apresentados dados coletados entre os anos em questão a fim de darem suporte para o trabalho. Há um abismo socioeconômico latente na sociedade brasileira entre brancos e negros, tal situação acarreta inúmeros problemas sociais, políticos e econômicos para a população negra. Os mesmos, detém os piores indicadores e índices de saneamento, saúde, escolarização, emprego, renda, entre outros. Portanto, analisar a questão racial via mercado de trabalho, é algo totalmente válido, visto que é nele que parte das relações socioeconômicas se realizam. Sem contarmos que é através do mercado de trabalho que as pessoas conseguem auferir renda para que possam obter seu desenvolvimento pessoal

Le traitement médical et juridique des changements de sexe est sujet à controverse. Soumis.e.s à une évaluation psychiatrique avant de pouvoir accéder aux hormones et aux chirurgies et contraint.e.s de justifier leur demande de modification d’état civil, les trans’ revendiquent leur droit à disposer de leurs corps et à les faire reconnaître. Si les professionnel.le.s et les militant.e.s s’opposent dans le contexte contemporain, ils-elles forment des groupes à la fois interdépendants et pluriels. Après avoir historicisé leurs interactions et leurs hétérogénéités respectives, cette thèse se penche sur la diversité interne de la population trans’ dans une perspective de sociologie des rapports sociaux de sexe. À partir d’une enquête par entretiens et de l’analyse secondaire d’une enquête quantitative, elle s'intéresse aux façons dont le genre façonne les conditions matérielles et la temporalité des transitions. Les changements de sexe des hommes trans’ et des femmes trans’ ne s’inscrivent pas dans les mêmes trajectoires conjugales, familiales et professionnelles. Par ailleurs, ils prennent place dans des constructions de soi différentes du point de vue de la sexualité et de la perception du risque d’infection par le VIH. Enfin, bien que les trans’ soient rarement considéré.e.s comme des transfuges, les FtMs (female-to-male) vivent une ascension et les MtFs (male-to-female) sont déclassées. Des mobilités entre les sexes sont possibles, mais elles n’échappent pas à l’emprise du genre. / The organization of the medical and juridical treatment of sex changes raises controversies. To be authorized to access hormones and surgeries, trans individuals have to undergo a psychiatric evaluation. In order to modify their civil status, they also need to provide the judge with evidences that justify their demand. In this context, trans persons claim their right to have control over their own body and to receive social recognition. While professionals and activists seem firmly opposed in this debate, they are two interdependent and plural groups of actors. This dissertation first historicizes their interactions and their heterogeneities. Then, it explores the internal diversity of the trans population in a gender perspective. Based on a qualitative survey and on the secondary analysis of a quantitative survey, this research studies how gender shapes transitions, their timing and the material conditions in which they are pursued. Trans men and trans women do not have the same trajectories in terms of conjugality, family and professional career. Their sex changes take place in different self-constructions, including regarding sexuality and the perception of HIV risk. Also, FtMs (female-to-male) experiment social ascension whereas MtFs (male-to-female) face dropout. Sex mobility is possible, but trans individuals cannot avoid the mark of gender.

The aim of this thesis is to examine women's educational attainment and social mobility in contemporary South Korea. This study seeks to answer to the following key research questions: 1) how much parents' characteristics such as occupational status and educational attainment, are important to their children's education and class; 2) the roles of educational qualification to occupational attainment in contemporary South Korea; 3) whether South Korea has become a more equal society with improved mobility chances for people of different social origins; and, 4) if there is a general pattern of social mobility and social fluidity in South Korea, how it is related to the change in the occupational positions of women. This research uses the Korean Labour and Income Panel Study (KLIPS) from 1998 to look at the changing relationship between social origin, education, and destination and what it indicates the role of education in the social mobility in Korea. The following tools are used for the analysis: I adopt Goldthorpe's class schema and CASMIN scales of educational qualifications. I then separately look at the association for men and women separately. Various statistical methods are subsequently employed to explore the substantive research questions: I use descriptive analysis for changes of Korea's educational attainment and look at absolute rates of mobility. Disparity ratios and odds ratios are used for describing the relative patterns and chances of educational attainment and mobility and regression model are used for analysing the impact of a range of factors on educational attainment and class destination. Finally, I draw on log-linear and log-multiplicative analysis for the trends in relative mobility and social fluidity. I find that access to education is still influenced by social background. Although the disparities between men and women become narrower across cohort, class and gender differentials in general educational attainment still apply to South Korea. Regarding the relative mobility rates, the results from disparity ratios show that the social class and gender differentials in class mobility still exist and the results of odds ratios confirm that social origin has a significant effect on children's social class destination. Looking at the origin-education (OE) association, class differences are still considerable and the relationship between class origins and educational attainment remains. Turning to the association between educational attainment and occupational destination (ED), qualifications continue to play a critical role in entry into the labour market remains, but there is no evidence that the association between education and destination has strengthened over time. Looking at the direct association between origins and destination (OD), the evidence shows the continuing association of origins on destinations. Regression analysis shows that the origin class effects upon educational attainment and occupational destinations were not dramatically decreased, but there were significant changes for women but not for men. The findings from the log-linear and log-multiplicative analysis suggest that there is trendless fluctuation and a stronger link between education and destination for women than for men.

Submitted by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-04-18T14:56:00Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Jocelem_Fernandes_Ribeiro_Dissertação.pdf: 837511 bytes, checksum: 6ca4a8dd9a7fabe59e45f9f36a045aaa (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-04-20T20:02:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Jocelem_Fernandes_Ribeiro_Dissertação.pdf: 837511 bytes, checksum: 6ca4a8dd9a7fabe59e45f9f36a045aaa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T20:02:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Jocelem_Fernandes_Ribeiro_Dissertação.pdf: 837511 bytes, checksum: 6ca4a8dd9a7fabe59e45f9f36a045aaa (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-12 / Sem bolsa / Investigar e analisar quais as estratégias e os recursos utilizados por indivíduos negros para sua inserção no mundo do trabalho e mobilidade social na cidade de Pelotas, no período pós-abolição e nos dias atuais é meta deste trabalho. Trata-se de um esforço para compreender quais os mecanismos e modalidades de reconversão de recursos sociais, educacionais e econômicos estes atores utilizaram visando a construção de uma carreira e os possíveis efeitos da discriminação racial ocorrida na trajetória deste grupo populacional. Entender de que forma a utilização de atributos socialmente adquiridos pela geração passada contribuiu para a ascensão das gerações atuais, através da herança inter e intrageracional. Como herança intergeracional, entendemos a ascensão ocorrida dentro do seio familiar e como herança intrageracional compreendemos o aproveitamento de oportunidades oferecidas pela sociedade através da expansão social e econômica do país. A medida básica e variáveis apresentadas para o entendimento da evolução na estrutura social e racial na sociedade pelotense é o status socioeconômico que combina educação, ocupação profissional e renda. / Investigate and analyze the strategies and resources used by blacks for their insertion in the labor and social mobility in the city of Pelotas, in the post-Civil War and today is the goal of this work. This is an effort to understand the mechanisms and modalities for the conversion of social resources, education and economic actors they used for the construction of a career and the possible effects of racial discrimination that occurs in the trajectory of this population group. Understand how the use of socially acquired attributes the past generation has contributed to the rise of the current generation, through the inheritance between and within generations. As intergenerational inheritance understand the rise occurred within the family heritage and how we understand intra seizing opportunities offered by society through social and economic expansion of the country. The basic measure and variables presented in understanding the evolution in social structure and racial society in Pelotas is the socioeconomic status that combines education, occupation and income.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / O propósito desta dissertação é apresentar uma análise da pobreza e da mobilidade social na obra de Eça de Queirós no período de 1878 a 1888. Para tanto, examinaremos os personagens pobres, refletindo sobre seu papel na diegese, sua construção no texto e sua influência na concepção artística do autor; sobre a subjacente visão de mundo que nelas se expressa; e, finalmente, confrontamo-las, enquadradas no que tem sido considerado estética realista-naturalista. Esta pesquisa justifica-se pela proposta de criação de um novo foco de análise dentro da crítica queirosiana: aquele voltado às personagens que se dedicam de modo específico ao trabalho, e, ao fazê-lo, revelar a perspectiva do romancista relativamente à sociedade e ao momento histórico. O estudo que fazemos de alguns estratos sociais pouco valorizados (o pessoal doméstico, por exemplo) é uma lacuna nos estudos queirosianos. Algumas das personagens que acompanhamos passam quase despercebidas nos romances. Com exceção de Juliana, de O primo Basílio, têm intervenção mínima na ação. Ainda assim têm uma caracterização bastante elaborada, mesmo que por vezes com poucos traços, e não deixam de compor uma visão mais alargada da sociedade portuguesa do século XIX, desmentindo a ideia ainda hoje corrente de que Eça teria posto nos seus livros apenas os extratos sociais privilegiados de seu tempo. Para além da designação tão vaga de crítico social, Eça testemunhou um processo de transformação de um mundo em ruínas, que já não podia mais ser o que sempre fora / The purpose of this dissertation is to present an analysis of poverty and social mobility in the Eça de Queirozs production from 1878 to 1888. To do that, we will examine the poor characters, reflecting on their role in the diegesis, their construction in the text and their influence on the authors artistic conception; on the underlying view of the world expressed in them and, finally, we will compare those characters, based on what has been considered a realistic-naturalistic aesthetics. This research is justified by the proposal of a new focus of analysis within the critical brought up by Eça de Queiroz, which highlight the characters from the working classes. Therefore, we will expose the writers perspective about the society and the historical moment. This study on some less valued classes (the household, for example) is a gap in works about Eça de Queiroz. Some of the characters we examine are almost unnoticed in his novels. Except for Juliana, from O Primo Basilio, they hardly interfere in the action. Nevertheless, they are detailed characterized, even if sometimes with a few features, and they compose a broader view of the Portuguese society of the 19th century, denying the idea that Eça put in his books only the privileged social classes of his time. Beyond the vague designation of "social critic", Eça witnessed a world in a process of transformation, which could no longer be what it used to be

En privilégiant une perspective d'analyse qui appréhende les questions du développement local et territorial en terme de rapports de pouvoir et de modes de régulation des rapports sociaux, cette thèse interroge les pratiques des acteurs sociaux (élus, acteurs associatifs et minorités issues de l'immigration) en rapport avec les dispositifs de revitalisation urbaine dans la commune bruxelloise de Molenbeek-Saint-Jean. En nous appuyant sur une grille d'analyse qui fait la distinction entre régulation conjointe, régulation de contrôle et régulation autonome, nous avons interrogé les pratiques des acteurs molenbeekois et appréhendé leurs stratégies. Il en ressort qu'en dépit d'une co-régulation qui se cristallise à travers les pratiques participatives, une forte régulation de contrôle se déploie dans le sillage d'une politique qui privilégie la requalification de l'espace urbain et le rétablissement de l'habitat. Cette régulation de contrôle tient également à la forte implication de la sphère politique. Devant les incertitudes qui planent sur les espaces participatifs et la prégnance d'une stratégie de régénération physique de l'espace, une régulation autonome se déploie à travers les pratiques des minorités. Cette stratégie d'autonomisation véhicule essentiellement une logique de mobilité sociale induite par les stratégies de survie et un processus dynamique de construction de l'identité, de l'ethnicité et de la territorialité selon un principe de mobilité. Ainsi, la régulation autonome est la traduction d'une quête de mobilité déployée par les minorités en réponse à une ambition participative inachevée et à une régulation de contrôle qui s'apparente à un instrument principal d'une politique publique basée sur une logique de territoire.

Not available / text

published_or_final_version / abstract / toc / Sociology / Master / Master of Philosophy

The aim of the dissertation research is to identify the features of Lithuanian educational system affecting social inequality in the direction to stimulation or reduction. The role of education regarding social inequality is one of the most controversial objects of scientific discussions. Is education an effective foundation of society emancipation, equal wrights and social mobility, or on the contrary, it enhances the current structure of the society? It is an open question for scientific discussions. Researches show that education connect in itself two contradictional elements: on the one hand, it is one of the most widely acknowledged social “elevators” helping to rise by the steps of social status, on the other hand, education also has the function of mobility control. Many researches revealed that correlations between education and social status of a man in different countries are different. Thus the role of education with respect to social inequality is directly connected with social, economical and cultural specificity of the country. The dissertation research employs tools of qualitative research, and they allow describe the relationship between education and social inequality as well as identify concrete features of education system that diminish or/and increase social inequality in specific socio-cultural and economic conditions in Lithuania. The composition of the research sample includes the levels of national politics and self-government, institution (education... [to full text] / Disertacijos tikslas - identifikuoti Lietuvos švietimo sistemos bruožus, paveikiančius socialinę nelygybę jos skatinimo arba redukavimo kryptimi. Švietimo vaidmuo socialinės nelygybės atžvilgiu yra vienas prieštaringiausių mokslinių diskusijų objektas. Ar švietimas iš tiesų yra efektyvus visuomenės emancipacijos, lygių galimybių bei socialinio mobilumo pamatas, ar atvirkščiai – linkęs išlaikyti esamą socialinę visuomenės struktūrą dar šiandien yra atviras mokslinėms diskusijoms klausimas. Tyrimai rodo, jog švietimas savyje apjungia du prieštaraujančius pradus – viena vertus, jis yra vienas plačiausiai pripažintų socialinių „liftų“, padedančių pakilti socialinio statuso laipteliais aukštyn kita vertus, švietimas atlieka ir mobilumo kontrolės funkciją. Dauguma tyrimų atskleidė, jog skirtingose šalyse koreliacijos tarp išsimokslinimo ir užimamo statuso yra skirtingos. Taigi, švietimo vaidmuo socialinės nelygybės atžvilgiu, tiesiogiai siejasi su šalies socialiniu, ekonominiu ir kultūriniu specifiškumu. Disertaciniame tyrime taikytos kokybinio tyrimo priemonės kaip tik ir leido aprašyti švietimo ir socialinės nelygybės sąryšius bei identifikuoti konkrečius švietimo sistemos bruožus, mažinančius ir/arba didinančius socialinę nelygybę specifinėmis Lietuvos sociokultūrinėmis ir ekonominėmis sąlygomis. Sudarant tyrimo imtį kryptingai buvo apjungtas nacionalinės politikos ir savivaldos lygmuo, institucinis (švietimos ir kitos socialinės institucijos) bei individualus lygmuo (mokytojai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]