Facebook is today a phenomenon that has connected the whole world. With millions of users this has become an attractive place for soccer clubs to connect with their fans. But in what ways are they using Facebook as a tool to connect with their fans?This essay aims to answer the question if it’s a difference in the way English and Swedish teams communicate with their fans on Facebook. The study was conducted with the use of telephone- and mail interviews. Too analyze the material the main theories I´ve used was public relations theory and the public sphere.The result of this study shows that it´s a difference in the way the Premier league teams Arsenal and Queens Park Rangers communicate in comparison with the Swedish teams Helsingborgs IF and IF Elfsborg. The Swedish teams are looking to create relationships by a two-way communication with their fans while the English teams are looking to create relationships with their fans thru pictures, interviews etc. Arsenal is also unique in this study by using Facebook as a tool for commercial purposes.

A prerequisite for a healthy, sustainable democracy is an informed citizenry that partakes in the democratic process. This line of thought can be drawn back to the work of Habermas (Habermas, 1989:49). Accordingly, such active engagement necessitates communication to transpire between a citizenry and its chosen representatives as to sustain the democratic process. This also suggests that citizens should be able to participate in the communication process. Consequently, in recent years much discourse on the media and democracy correlation has focused on the potential role that the internet could play in the furtherance of democratic values. Optimistically, a virtual political public forum in which matters of general political concern are discussed could enhance political participation and the consolidation of political rights. The Habermasian public-sphere model incorporates three key elements, which could be applied in this context persons should have universal access to the sphere, the freedom to express diverse opinions, the freedom to receive diverse opinions and information, in addition to the freedom of participating in the public sphere without interference from state or mercantile imperatives (cf.Habermas, 1989). A qualitative content analysis of the web site of Elections Canada showed that the supposedly non-operational public-sphere model could be recovered within a new media context such as the internet despite the fact that the inherent interactive nature of the internet was not fully exploited by Elections Canada. Against this background, the assumption was made that the public-sphere's concepts could also be applied in the context of a developing democracy and accordingly that the sustainability of the democratic system could be further consolidated. The Electoral Commission (IEC) was chosen as a case study, since it is constitutionally mandated to establish a democratic South African society. The creation of an internet public sphere could therefore be one of the ways in which the IEC could contribute to this consolidation process. Through extensive content analysis, it was established that the organisational web site of the IEC was mainly expended as an information dissemination and organisational image-profiling tool. As a result the web site was did not focus on participatory communication. Universal access to the web site was also rather restricted, resulting in limited web site participation to voters from specific socio-economic, cultural, and language backgrounds. It was discovered, nevertheless, that some of the contents available on the web site could at least facilitate 'offline" participatory democracy and public opinion formation. Therefore, although the web site did not implement all of the normative prescriptions of the public-sphere ideal, voters were able to retrieve valuable electoral information that would assist them in capably participating in electoral democracy. / Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

A prerequisite for a healthy, sustainable democracy is an informed citizenry that partakes in the democratic process. This line of thought can be drawn back to the work of Habermas (Habermas, 1989:49). Accordingly, such active engagement necessitates communication to transpire between a citizenry and its chosen representatives as to sustain the democratic process. This also suggests that citizens should be able to participate in the communication process. Consequently, in recent years much discourse on the media and democracy correlation has focused on the potential role that the internet could play in the furtherance of democratic values. Optimistically, a virtual political public forum in which matters of general political concern are discussed could enhance political participation and the consolidation of political rights. The Habermasian public-sphere model incorporates three key elements, which could be applied in this context persons should have universal access to the sphere, the freedom to express diverse opinions, the freedom to receive diverse opinions and information, in addition to the freedom of participating in the public sphere without interference from state or mercantile imperatives (cf.Habermas, 1989). A qualitative content analysis of the web site of Elections Canada showed that the supposedly non-operational public-sphere model could be recovered within a new media context such as the internet despite the fact that the inherent interactive nature of the internet was not fully exploited by Elections Canada. Against this background, the assumption was made that the public-sphere's concepts could also be applied in the context of a developing democracy and accordingly that the sustainability of the democratic system could be further consolidated. The Electoral Commission (IEC) was chosen as a case study, since it is constitutionally mandated to establish a democratic South African society. The creation of an internet public sphere could therefore be one of the ways in which the IEC could contribute to this consolidation process. Through extensive content analysis, it was established that the organisational web site of the IEC was mainly expended as an information dissemination and organisational image-profiling tool. As a result the web site was did not focus on participatory communication. Universal access to the web site was also rather restricted, resulting in limited web site participation to voters from specific socio-economic, cultural, and language backgrounds. It was discovered, nevertheless, that some of the contents available on the web site could at least facilitate 'offline" participatory democracy and public opinion formation. Therefore, although the web site did not implement all of the normative prescriptions of the public-sphere ideal, voters were able to retrieve valuable electoral information that would assist them in capably participating in electoral democracy. / Thesis (M.A. (Communication Studies))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2005.

Derived from centuries-old English laws, Australian laws ascribe criminal responsibility to children according to their age and their assumed level of understanding of the rightness and wrongness of certain acts. This project first charts the creation and development of the English and Australian positions. Then, using insights from postmodernity and the idea of deconstruction, the law is critically assessed to reveal practical, theoretical and moral limits in the law's attempt to do justice. The justifiability of the current Australian legal positions is questioned by demonstrating the law's internal inconsistencies, by revealing the law's historical and philosophical preferences, and by contrasting the law's restricted ambit of inquiry with contemporary knowledge from other disciplines including developmental psychology and sociology.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:13:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6506.pdf: 1594372 bytes, checksum: 00ace2c340542fb54365a7bd6f5b0c90 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-11 / Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos / The goal of this dissertation is to discuss the two main theoretical sources that Jürgen Habermas uses in his essay "Work and Interaction": the Hegel s philosophy of Spirit of Jena period (1804-1806) and the Marx s theory, especially the labor category. In this sense, beyond criticism resumption of primary sources, the study also presents alternative perspectives to those assumed by Habermas in his youth period, mainly in the 1960s. Therefore, a critique of young Habermas' theory becomes possible, from the central concept of the public sphere to the reasoning of cultural formation in the private sphere, this being the focal point of the essay in question. / O objetivo da presente dissertação é discutir as duas principais fontes teóricas que Jürgen Habermas utiliza em seu ensaio Trabalho e Interação : a filosofia do Espírito hegeliana do período de Iena (1804-1806) e a teoria marxiana, especialmente a categoria trabalho. Nesse sentido, além da retomada crítica das fontes primárias, o estudo também apresenta perspectivas alternativas em relação àquelas assumidas por Habermas em seu período de juventude, principalmente na década de 1960. Assim, viabiliza-se uma crítica à teoria habermasiana de juventude, desde o conceito central de esfera pública à fundamentação da formação cultural na esfera privada, esta sendo fundamentada no ensaio em questão.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JeysonFSL_DISSERT.pdf: 2514420 bytes, checksum: 68fa4f57aa7f379f4a411fe98456a643 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The city, with all its complexity, is marked by the different uses that emerge and give the current composition of its forms, functions, processes and structures (SANTOS, 2008). These uses are responsible for defining the territoriality that engender public squares, especially from the projection of the practices of sociability and pleasure experienced by social groups and urban households, giving rise to the emergence of agreements and conflicts, especially when the public sphere and negotiates a private residence in the same territory. Thus, from analyzes performed in the public squares of the city of Caico / RN in the current context, did a survey of territorialities undertaken by these groups and social aggregates. These squares were seized territories while public use, but marked by the presence of private, becoming as important elements of the urban space caicoense / A cidade, com toda a sua complexidade, ? marcada pelos diferentes usos que se esbo?am e que d?o a composi??o atual de suas formas, fun??es, processos e estruturas (SANTOS, 2008). Estes usos s?o respons?veis por definir as territorialidades que se engendram nas pra?as p?blicas, sobretudo a partir da proje??o das pr?ticas de sociabilidade e de lazer vivenciadas pelos grupos e agregados sociais urbanos, dando margem ao surgimento de acordos e conflitos, especialmente, quando a esfera p?blica e a privada negocia a perman?ncia no mesmo territ?rio. Assim, a partir de an?lises realizadas nas pra?as p?blicas da cidade de Caic?/RN no contexto atual, fizemos um exame das territorialidades empreendidas por estes grupos e agregados sociais. Tais pra?as foram apreendidas enquanto territ?rios de uso p?blico, por?m marcados pela presen?a privada, configurando-se enquanto importantes elementos constituintes do espa?o urbano caicoense

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans un mouvement de redécouverte et d’inscription dans l’histoire littéraire des femmes auteurs longtemps considérées comme mineures. Son objectif est d’étudier le statut d’une écrivaine au tournant du XVIIIe et du premier XIXe siècle français à travers la carrière littéraire de Constance de Salm (1767-1845) et l’analyse de celles de ses œuvres qui traitent directement de la condition de la femme écrivain. Nous avons étudié la position de l’écrivaine sur le statut de la femme auteur à travers son traitement d’un sujet antique (Sapho, 1794), sa prise de position face à un débat d’actualité (l’Épître aux femmes, 1797) et finalement à travers le regard qu’elle porte sur sa propre carrière littéraire dans son autoportrait en vers (Mes soixante ans, 1833). Notre but est de montrer les raisons de l’oubli puis de la redécouverte d’une écrivaine chez qui un féminisme précurseur contraste avec des pratiques littéraires qui sont en apparence désuètes, même de son temps. Cette étude nous a révélé l’originalité d’une femme auteur qui voyait et revendiquait les implications politiques de ses idées et de l’acte d’écrire. Par ailleurs, pour éclairer la place qu’occupaient la réflexion et les pratiques de Constance de Salm dans les milieux intellectuels nous avons tenue compte des différents états des textes et de leurs variantes ainsi que des articles et des comptes-rendus que lui a consacrés la presse contemporaine. L’ensemble de ces documents constitue les annexes réunis dans le deuxième volume de notre travail. / This dissertation is part of the rediscovery movement of women writers within literary history, who were long considered insignificant. Its aim is to study the status of a writer in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in France through the discovery and analysis of the life and career of Constance de Salm (1767-1845) whose works deal directly with the condition of the woman writers. The writer’s position is studied in relations to the status of the woman writers through her analysis of a subject from antiquity: Sappho (1797), the stance she took on a contemporary debate in the Epistle to the Women (1797), and finally the way in which she regards her own literary career in her autobiography in verse, My Sixty Years (1833). The goal is to show the reasons for which this writer was forgotten and then rediscovered, a writer whose avant-garde feminism contrasted with her literary practices that were considered antiquated even at the time. This study has revealed the originality of a woman writer who recognized and accepted the political implications embodied in her ideas and the act of writing. Furthermore, in order to clarify the position that Constance de Salm’s thoughts and actions occupied within intellectual circles of the day, we have reviewed texts in various states and their variants as well as articles and reports that the contemporary press dedicated to her. All these documents are attached as appendices in the second volume of this work.

Post-socialist states are often linked to low political participation and weak civil society. Simultaneously, there is a visible rise in the phenomenon of urban movements. They serve not only as a platform for mobilization of citizens but also as a platform that builds a bridge between politics and society. Therefore, there is a need to study this phenomenon as an intriguing opportunity for research into the relationship between the civil and political sphere on a local level. The goal of this thesis is to show how city activists look at the civil and political spheres in comparison to the definition offered by theoretical conceptualizations. Research has demonstrated a transition in spheres, where activities are indicated as nonpolitical by activists. These findings are not supported by the presented theory which considers them political, and therefore, this study suggests that the boundaries of the spheres are shifted. Moreover, activists constantly engage in both spheres and therefore enter local politics through their activity. They prefer conventional methods to political actions, which they are not estranged to, but they do not frame them as political.

В диссертационном исследовании рассмотрены вопросы содержание физкультурно-оздоровительной работы, направленной на преодоление нарушений моторной сферы у детей с нерезко выраженным общим недоразвитием речи. В результате разработано содержание коррекции для эффективного формирования моторной сферы у детей с нерезко выраженным общим недоразвитием речи на основе разработки и внедрения комплекса физкультурно - оздоровительных занятий, направленных на формирование моторной сферы. Полученные в ходе исследования положительные результаты позволяют рекомендовать разработки кругу специалистов, работающих в данной отрасли. / The dissertation studies the matters of the physical training and health-improving work aimed at overcoming motor sphere disorders in children with moderately pronounced general underdevelopment of speech. As a result, the course contents of correction for the effective formation of the motor sphere in children with mildly expressed general underdevelopment of speech on the basis of the development and implementation of a set of physical training and health-improving activities aimed at the formation of the motor sphere was developed. The positive results obtained in the course of the research allow recommending the development to professional audience working in this sphere.