Ce travail de recherche doctorale interroge les enjeux et les stratégies culturelles, économiques, politiques, et sociales liées au patrimoine pour la ville d'Ispahan. Il est centré sur la mise en place des grands plans iraniens et des initiatives récentes en faveur du secteur du patrimoine culturel et du tourisme, notamment après la révolution islamique d'Iran en 1979. A une époque où la croissance incontrôlée urbaine a engendré une détérioration progressive du tissu historique des villes iraniennes et la perte de leur identité urbaine, Ispahan, la capitale islamique brillante et safavide, prend une importance particulière après révolution islamique dans le pays. Dans une première étape, par une approche théorique et historique de la notion de patrimoine, nous mettons en évidence les spécificités du concept dans le monde islamique et iranien, et nous évoquons des visions différentes (occidentales-orientales). Egalement, nous abordons les défis principaux face au patrimoine iranien et d'Ispahan. Par la suite, nous analysons les grandes stratégies et des initiatives récentes en faveur du secteur du patrimoine culturel et du tourisme d'Ispahan, après la révolution islamique et notamment par le plan Outlook iranien. Il s'agit de quatre programmes quinquennaux planifiés pour la perspective de développement du pays à l'horizon 2005-2025, en tant que puissance régionale. Enfin, nous abordons les projets de mise en valeur, achevés, ou en cours de réalisation dans la ville d'Ispahan, tous en faveur de son secteur du patrimoine culturel et du tourisme. Nous discutons également des projets impactant (négativement) les biens historiques et inscrits au patrimoine mondial. Les sources utilisées (documents d'archives et originaux), sont des dispositifs de protection des patrimoines d'Ispahan, en particulier de la RROI (Organisation de Rénovation et de Restauration d'Ispahan) et de l'ICHHTO d'Ispahan (Organisation de Patrimoine Culturel, d'Artisanat et du tourisme), ainsi que des entretiens, des enquêtes, des conférences, des ouvrages, et des photos personnelles (récoltées lors de notre étude de terrain à Ispahan, du 1er Juin 2012 au 1er septembre 2012). Afin de bien éclairer les concepts et les plans abordés dans cette recherche, nous confrontons ces cas spécifiques iraniens à d'autres exemples par une étude comparative, dans toutes les parties de la thèse. / This doctoral research is an interrogation of the cultural, economic, political, and social issues and strategies relating to heritage for the city of Isfahan. It focuses on the implementation of major Iranian plans and recent initiatives in favor of the cultural heritage and tourism sector, particularly since the Islamic revolution of 1979. At a time when uncontrolled urban growth has led to the progressive deterioration of the historical texture of Iranian cities and the loss of their urban identity, the importance of Isfahan, the renowned Islamic capital of Safavid, has increased. This phenomenon has been notable since the Islamic revolution in the country. The first step will be a theoretical and historical approach to the notion of heritage and the specificity of these concepts in the Islamic world and particularly Iran. This initial focus will then be broadened to include a discussion of different views (occidental - oriental). Furthermore, the major challenges facing the Iranian and Isfahan heritage will also be reviewed. Subsequently, there will be an analysis of the major strategies and recent initiatives implemented in favor of the cultural heritage and tourism sector of Isfahan, since the Islamic revolution in Iran and notably due to the Iranian Outlook plan. This refers to a plan for four five-year programs concerning the development perspectives for the country for the period 2005-2025, which aim to reinforce the country's position as a regional power. A final point will discuss current, future and completed architectural projects in the city of Isfahan, in favor of its cultural heritage and tourism sector as well as the projects affecting (negatively) the world-renowned historical significance of this city. The sources used for this study (original and archival documents) are from the heritage protection institutions of Isfahan, in particular, the RROI organization (Renovation and Restoration Organization of Isfahan) and ICHHTO of Isfahan (Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization), also the interviews, surveys, conferences, books, and personal photographs (collected during a field study in Isfahan, from 1st of June 2012 to 1st of September 2012). In order to adequately illustrate the concepts and the plans discussed in this thesis, and where relevant, specific Iranian cases will be systematically confronted with alternative examples through a comparative approach.

Globalization and innovation are revolutionizing the higher education forcing to create new market trends.Different nations have their own pattern and framework of education in delivering the educational services.Educational institutions are also seeking different organizational and behavioural changes for their better future as they hunt for new financial resources, face new competition and seek greater prestige domestically and internationally. The coming future will decide which universities would survive the market trends, competition and expectations of the students (Clients). The survival-of-the-fittest paradigm framework plays a prominent role in ideas of how the higher education would be delivered to the students in future with the Instruction Technology and distance education. According to us the education trend has changed its phase of delivery of services form the management point of view to student’s point of view.Leading to delivery of educational service’s which would have more impact on student’s education, knowledge and experience within the institution. In our thesis we try to provide some information about how to support and manage the information in Virtual Organizations. We also explore the frameworks of the university and discussed a case study about the different ways of providing better support for information management resulting in delivery of best students driven services and unique facilities. We would be looking at the different aspects of the university work flows and procedures and gain an insight on the student’s expectation from the organization. This investigation would be helpful for the students to know what are the services they should expect from the universities and also helpful for management to know better the needs of the students and their needs and to develop a framework for proper execution of these services. / In an educational environment students should be the first priority. Trusting students is we feel the most important aspect of an educational institution also providing the best possible support to students.after being through the total framework of an organization and different Non- Functional requirements, we conclude that the primary task for better information management and service delivery in any organization is to get the better understanding of the requirements engineering. An organization should have clearly defined stakeholders who would be qualified and filled with commitment to manage their responsibilities with higher priority; also they have to take up the responsibilities for the students.So to achieve a balance among stakeholders there should be a proper negotiation and communication between the stakeholders. In order to achieve that there should be common set of defined rules (say services) through which they could correspond with each other. The stakeholder should be well equipped with the technical nature used to develop and maintain the system.In short the management is the key player in understanding and validating the system and determine whether or not the existing system/process is in control. The most powerful designs are always the result of a continuous process of simplification and refinement. The system could be validated by taking regular feedback from students by handing out a paper for evaluation at various occasions of the different courses. An online, end-of-course plus the experiences of students questions should be designed and should be made a part of students work to fill it in order to get their right perception on the system. These feedbacks could lead to proper student dialogue evaluation. Therefore, eventually controlling and smoothly managing the stakeholders and the services could provide efficient support for the information management in virtual organizations.BTH has the staffs who are concerned about student problems but there is no person responsible for the students whom the students could approach. So BTH should have defined stakeholders who are responsible for the students and to whom the students could approach with their difficulties and problems. The university should show the students that they care for them, this is only possible by the university to go an extra mile for the sake of students and providing better facilities and future prospects for the students. / Kosuri Naga Krishna Kalyan C/O Achanta Srinivas Kungsmarksvagen 69-1412 Karlskrona 37144 Sweden Phone::0046-0704521463 B.B.Pavan Kumar Yadav C/O Achanta Srinivas Kungsmarksvagen 69-1412 Karlskrona 37144 Sweden Phone:0046-0737726964

Cette thèse interroge la marche en ville, sa pratique, ses représentations, les comportements pédestres et les stratégies mises en place par les marcheurs lors de leurs déplacements à pied, dans des situations plus ou moins confortables et inconfortables mais également la façon dont les politiques urbaines appréhendent l’objet marche.Elle s’intéresse à la marche du quotidien en milieu urbain dense, la marche utilitaire, triviale et parfois niée parce qu’automatisée. Cette recherche appréhende les mobilités urbaines pédestres en présentant deux terrains principaux, à savoir :- l’in situ pour comprendre le « comment » de la marche en ville, autrement dit les comportements des marcheurs en fonction de situations plus ou moins confortables- l’ex situ pour identifier le « pourquoi » de la marche et ce que disent les marcheurs de cet objet. Il s’est agi d’étudier les représentations des mobilités urbaines pédestres.L’environnement (que nous entendons comme social, physique et temporel) est-il déterminant dans le comportement du marcheur ? Dans quelle(s) mesure(s) l’évaluation du niveau de confort d’une situation de marche est impliquée dans la mise en place de stratégies de déplacement pédestre ?Les représentations sociales de la marche sont-elles impliquées dans le choix de se déplacer à pied en ville ?Nous verrons également dans quelle(s) mesure(s) la marche et l’usager piéton sont devenus des enjeux pour les politiques publiques urbaines et plus particulièrement dans le contexte parisien (Mairie de Paris). Il s’agira de mettre en perspective ce travail de recherche au regard du contexte politique dans lequel il s’est inscrit / This thesis questions the walk in urban context, its practice, performances, walking behaviours and strategies used by walkers when walking, in more or less comfortable situations / uncomfortable, but also how urban policies apprehend this object.This research interests in the daily practice of walk in a dense urban context, usefulness, trivial walking and sometimes denied because automated.This research captures the pedestrian urban mobility by presenting the results of two main areas, namely:- The "In situ" to understand the "how" of walking in cities, in other words the walkers behaviours depending on more or less comfortable situations- The "Ex situ" to identify the "why" of walking and what walkers say about this object. It was about to study the representations of pedestrian urban mobilities.Is the environment (social, temporal and physical) determining the walker behaviour? In which measure(s) the evaluation of the comfort level of a driving situation is involved in the establishment of pedestrian movement strategies?Are the walking social representations involved in choosing to walk in cities?We will also see in which measures walking and pedestrian users have become issues for urban public policies and particularly in the Parisian context (City of Paris). The aim will be to put into perspective this research, in regards with the political context in which it is registered

The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of a parent-teen structured family facilitation program (PAT). The study compared pre and post workshop scores on a number of dependent variables in a workshop, a replication of the workshop, and a comparison group.Analysis of the data revealed no significant differences from pretest to post test in either of the groups. However when the groups were combined there were some statistically significant differences from pretest to post test. The fathers increased in their ability to transfer control while the mothers decreased in kindness. A few post hoc analyses were carried out to explore the possibility that several variables might influence the effects of the workshop. The data suggest that the level of proficiency of participants influenced the effects of the workshop. The less proficient the participants were the more they changed in a desirable direction. The comparison of families that volunteered for the workshop with the families that did not suggests that families that volunteer are significantly lower on most measures. It was suggested that one reason for the minimal effects is that the PAT program may have dealt with too many skills and not have put enough emphasis on any one of the skills to produce change.

Beginning in 1847 and continuing to the turn of the century, members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons) were encouraged to gather to Utah, where they formed communities seperated from the evils of the world around them. While Mormonism continues to be closely associated with Utah, in 1989 it is a world-wide church with nearly seven million members, most residing outside of Utah, and many of these in major urban areas. Nevertheless, few studies have been made of how the Church has developed outside of Utah. When the Los Angeles Stake was organized in 1923, it was the first stake in a major urban area. In its sixty-year history the stake has flourished - although not necessarily in the traditional Utah sense - by adapting to its cosmopolitan setting. Because of its inner-city location the stake has been forced to the forefront of the changing nature of Mormonism in general and urban Mormonism in particular.

La psychopathie est souvent associée à tort comme un trouble se retrouvant exclusivement chez des criminels alors que jusqu’à 8 % de la population générale pourrait présenter des traits psychopathiques élevés. Récemment, nous observons un essor de recherches tentant d’appliquer des théories évolutionnistes, telles que la sélection naturelle, à des processus psychologiques et à la personnalité. Des théoriciens de la psychologie évolutionniste se sont penchés sur la prévalence considérable de la psychopathie dans la population générale et tentent de l’expliquer par le caractère adaptatif de ses traits chez ses individus. Les caractéristiques de la psychopathie comme une faible empathie, une tendance à la manipulation, aux mensonges et à l’impulsivité pourraient leur permettre de profiter du reste de la société et ainsi s’approprier différentes ressources. De plus, leur capacité à faire abstraction des émotions pourrait leur conférer un avantage quant à la détection du mensonge, notamment dans des situations à haute teneur émotionnelle. Cette thèse vise à présenter une revue de la littérature à jour des différentes théories évolutionnistes expliquant la psychopathie comme étant une forme d’adaptation à l’environnement. En outre, elle cherche à évaluer la relation entre la détection du mensonge et les traits psychopathiques, en remédiant à plusieurs lacunes méthodologiques des études précédentes. En nous inspirant des différentes théories évolutionnistes explicatives de la psychopathie et de Lyons et al. (2013), nous avons émis l’hypothèse que les traits psychopathiques permettraient une meilleure détection du mensonge à haute teneur émotionnelle et que cette relation serait plus marquée chez les hommes que chez les femmes. Pour tester ces hypothèses, nous avons recueilli les réponses de 504 participants, composés de 333 femmes (65,9 %) et de 163 hommes (32,4 %) provenant de la population générale. Les résultats indiquent qu’il n’y avait pas de lien entre l’intensité des traits psychopathiques et la capacité à détecter un mensonge lorsque l’âge ainsi que le genre des participants étaient contrôlés. Cependant, les traits psychopathiques étaient associés à une meilleure détection spécifique du mensonge et à une moins bonne détection spécifique de la vérité. En d’autres termes, les traits psychopathiques semblent être liés à une perception accrue de mensonge de façon générale. Aucun effet modérateur n’a été identifié en fonction du genre des participants. Toutefois, une relation négative entre la détection du mensonge et les traits psychopathiques a été observée chez les femmes, tandis qu’aucune relation n’a été constatée chez les hommes. Nos résultats ne contredisent pas les théories évolutionnistes sous-tendant nos hypothèses initiales. Au contraire, la perception d’autrui comme étant malhonnête et menaçant peut être considéré comme un avantage lorsqu’elle est associée aux caractéristiques propres à la psychopathie. Cette thèse contribue à éclaircir le lien entre la psychopathie et la détection du mensonge, tout en permettant de contribuer empiriquement à différentes théories évolutionnistes. / Psychopathy is often mistakenly associated with criminality, while up to 8 % of the general population may exhibit elevated psychopathic traits. Recently, there has been a surge in research attempting to apply evolutionary theories, such as natural selection, to psychological processes and personality. Evolutionary psychologists seek to explain the prevalence of psychopathy in the general population through the adaptative nature of its traits in individuals. Characteristics of psychopathy such as low empathy, a tendency for manipulation, lying, and impulsivity may enable individuals to exploit the rest of society and appropriate various resources. Additionally, their ability to disregard emotions could provide an advantage in detecting deception, particularly in high-emotion situations. The present thesis aims to provide an up-to-date literature review on different evolutionary theories explaining psychopathy as an adaptation to the environment. Furthermore, it seeks to demystify the relationship between deception detection and psychopathic traits by addressing several methodological limitations of previous studies. Drawing inspiration from evolutionary theories of psychopathy and Lyons et al. (2013), we hypothesized that psychopathic traits would facilitate detection of high-emotion deception, with this relationship being more pronounced in men than in women. To test these hypotheses, we collected data from 504 participants, consisting of 333 females (65.9 %) and 163 males (32.4 %) from the general population. The results indicate no association between the intensity of psychopathic traits and the ability to detect deception when controlling for age and gender of participants. However, psychopathic traits were associated with better specific deception detection and poorer specific truth detection. In other words, psychopathic traits appear to be linked to an overall heightened perception of deception. No moderating effects were identified based on participants' gender. However, a negative relationship between deception detection and psychopathic traits was observed among women, while no relationship was found among men. Our results are not contradictory to the evolutionary theories underlying our initial hypotheses. Rather, perceiving others as dishonest and threatening can be considered an advantage when combined with characteristics inherent to psychopathy. This thesis contributes to a better understanding of the link between psychopathy and deception detection, while empirically contributing to various evolutionary theories.

Cette recherche analyse la problématique de la collaboration école-famille et la réussite scolaire en Haïti. Considérant des cas d’élèves au profil social et scolaire contrasté, elle examine les points de vue d’une diversité d’acteurs impliqués dans l’éducation, tant au niveau formel qu’informel : 14 élèves, 17 parents, 7 enseignants, 7 membres de direction d’école, 3 inspecteurs, 2 conseillers pédagogiques et 6 intervenants (prêtres, psychologues, sociologue, médecin). Une approche multicas, à caractère ethnographique basée sur des entretiens approfondis a permis de croiser les regards de ces acteurs sur le cheminement scolaire des 14 cas d’élèves répartis dans huit établissements scolaires, du privé et du public, avec autant de cas de réussite et que de difficulté scolaire. À l’instar de la problématique que nous avons brossée au début de la thèse, les participants à notre recherche ont tous confirmé la vulnérabilité du contexte social en Haïti et ses répercussions sur le système scolaire : instabilité et insécurité sociopolitiques, précarité socioéconomique. Cette situation a transformé les structures familiales. Le système scolaire, dominé par le privé, est limité dans sa capacité d’accueil, ses ressources humaines, ses infrastructures matérielles et son programme de formation initiale et continue du personnel. C’est donc un système scolaire qui ne peut que difficilement soutenir l’apprentissage de ses élèves. En outre, la situation diglossique créole-français, qui prévaut dans la société et les écoles, freine en quelque sorte le progrès de plusieurs élèves. Au-delà des enjeux sociétaux évoqués par les acteurs, l’école au quotidien se dessine dans les discours comme lieu de résilience pour les élèves, inspiratrice de changement et la clé pour toute mobilité sociale dans l’avenir. L’éducation est toujours intégrée à un projet de société où la réussite scolaire devrait s’appuyer sur la collaboration de tous les acteurs. Il ressort la nécessité d’une grande mobilisation des jeunes eux-mêmes autour du métier d’élève et d’une compréhension partagée de la parentalité et de ses défis par les protagonistes de l’éducation. Les résultats soulèvent également l’importance d’une synergie sociétale autour de l’école, axée sur la coopération de tous au profit de l’apprentissage des élèves. En Haïti, la collaboration école-famille est plus complexe que dans d’autres contextes nationaux. Tout d’abord, les familles constituent la plus importante source de financement de l’éducation au pays à cause de l’hégémonie de l’école privée et de l’insuffisance du soutien étatique au fonctionnement des écoles publiques. Également, les parents d’élèves et leurs enfants, même ceux qui sont en difficulté scolaire, placent une très grande confiance en l’école et un grand espoir d’amélioration de leur sort grâce à la réussite scolaire. Cependant, des contraintes objectives de toutes sortes empêchent la majorité des parents de faire un suivi scolaire à la hauteur des besoins des élèves et des attentes de l’école. En congruence avec la recherche dans d’autres contextes nationaux, la collaboration école-famille se révèle plus compliquée dans le cas des parents éloignés de la culture scolaire, et les parcours scolaires les plus problématiques sont ceux d’élèves dont l’encadrement parental se révèle plus faible. Dans le contexte d’Haïti, un fait demeure hautement préoccupant : l’incapacité de l’école de compenser la précarité des conditions de vie des élèves et des parents, par une mobilisation efficiente de son capital (engagement du personnel dans la réussite des élèves; disponibilité des infrastructures matérielles, pédagogiques, didactiques; formation continue des enseignants; etc.). Nous notons aussi un décalage dans les attentes réciproquement formulées par les différents acteurs. / This research analyses the following problematic: school-family collaboration and school success in Haiti. By contrasting cases of diverse social and academic profiles, it examines the points of view of various actors involved in education, as much at the formal as at the informal level: 14 students, 7 teachers, 7 members involved in school leadership, 2 pedagogical counselors, and 6 others involved in schools (priests, psychologists, sociologist, doctor). A multiple-case ethno-biographical approach based on depth interviews allowed for the cross-referencing of these actors concerning the academic course of 14 students found in 8 different schools from both the private and public sectors, and with as many cases of success and of failure among the 14 students. In line with the problematic given at the beginning of this thesis, the participants in our research all confirmed the vulnerability of the Haitian social context and its repercussions on the school system: sociopolitical instability and insecurity, and socio-economic precariousness. This situation has transformed familiar structures. The school system, mostly private, is limited in its capacity to absorb students, in its human resources, in its material infrastructures, and in its programs for initial and ongoing training of its personnel. As such, it is a school system that can only support with difficulty the learning of its students. Besides that, the double-language situation (creole-french) found in society and in schools slows somewhat the progress of students. Over and above what actors evoke as social elements that are at stake here, daily life in school appears, according to their conversations, as a place of resilience for the students, a place that inspires change and one that is key to all future social mobility. Nevertheless, education is part of a societal project wherein school success should mobilize the collaboration of all actors. There follows a need for a greater mobilization of the young themselves regarding the task of a student, and of shared understanding of parenting among protagonists. Results also show the importance of social synergy around school, one based on the cooperation of all to the benefit of student learning. In Haiti, school-family collaboration is more complex that in other national contexts. Here, to begin with, families are the most important financial source of education in the country because of the hegemony of private schools and of the insufficient State support for the functioning of schools. Also, parents of students and their children, even those experiencing academic difficulty, place great trust in the school and have great hope of improving their lot thanks to success in school. However, objective constraints of all kinds prevent the majority of parents from following students academincally at the level of the needs of the students and of the expectations of the school. Congruent with research in other national contexts, school-family collaboration is shown to be more complicated in the case of parents distant from the school culture, and the most problematic school histories of students are those where parental support and concern seem to be the weakest. In the Haitian context, one fact remains as a major preoccupation: the incapacity of schools to compensate for the precariousness of the lives of students and parents by an efficient mobilization of their capital (commitment of personnel to the success of students; availability of material, pedagogical, and didactic infrastructures, ongoing training of teachers, etc.). We note, too, the differing levels of expectations reciprocally formulated.

Cette recherche, inscrite dans le cadre du « vivre ensemble », consiste à identifier une relation entre construction de savoirs et reconnaissance mutuelle des acteurs en situation d’apprentissage. Identifier cette relation nécessite de problématiser la place du sujet scolaire éducable au « vivre ensemble » et la didactique adaptée à cette éducabilité. Déterminée par un contexte d’apprentissage de plus en plus rationalisé, la place du sujet scolaire ne lui permet plus qu’un accès au savoir ayant perdu tout sens en dehors d’une efficience indispensable aux logiques économiques et technicistes. Une autre place peut-elle permettre un autre rapport au savoir, celle d’un sujet riche de sa complexité psychologique, sociale et émotionnelle ? Ces dimensions n’impliqueraient plutôt pas un apprentissage interactif autorisant des expériences émotionnelles susceptibles d’assurer les conditions d’une reconnaissance mutuelle dans l’apprendre ? La recherche de terrain porte sur une situation interactive de lecture compréhension d’albums par un groupe identique de six enfants sur les trois ans du cycle 2. L’entretien, mené par les professeurs respectifs, se réalise selon le guide d’entretien d’un questionnement. Ce dernier a pour but de favoriser l’interprétation par le canal d’expériences émotionnelles singulières et d’aider à transformer les informations narratives en significations morales ou idéologiques comme outil de l’action de l’élève. Les outils d’analyses portent sur l’identification de l’interface des expériences émotionnelles traduites par le verbal et le non verbal des co-énonciations et leur rôle dans la reconnaissance identification et la reconnaissance mutuelle des acteurs. / The aim of this research, as part of the framework "Living Together", is to identify a relationship between the construction of knowledge and the mutual recognition of actors in a learning situation. To identify this relationship implies questioning not only the situation of the trainable school subject as to the framework "Living Together" but also the suitable didactics for this trainability. Due to an increasing rationalized learning context, the current situation only allows the school subject to acquire a knowledge which has lost all meaning beyond an efficiency dictated by economic and technical logics. Can there be a different approach to knowledge construction - that of a pupil complex and rich in psychological, social and emotional aspects? Should these dimensions not rather imply an interactive construction of knowledge, allowing for emotional experiences to ensure the conditions for mutual recognition in the learning process? The conducted field research has been based on interactive sessions of story reading to the same group of six children during three years of cycle #2. The interviews, conducted by the respective teachers, have been conducted according to the established guidelines for questioning. The purpose of the latter is to facilitate the interpretation through singular emotional experiences and to help transform narrative information into moral or ideological meanings, which can then be used as a tool by the school subject. The analytical tools focus on the identification of emotional experiences interface, through verbal and non-verbal exchanges, and their role in identity construction as well as mutual recognition of the stake holders.

鑑於近年來中國大陸經濟高度成長，當地金融市場在其內需市場強勁，以及均富水準普遍提升下，更顯得朝氣蓬勃，本論文係以分析過去外資金融機構在中國大陸相關佈局模式及進行相關實證研究，並續以剖析臺灣銀行業未來佈局中國大陸市場策略，以作為現階段國內高度競爭金融環境下，拓展另片藍海空間之策略與方向。 本論文首先說明外資金融機構於近年來在高度發展中國大陸金融市場所扮演的角色與目標，並應用Cox比例強度存活模型，分析採行參股策略方式進入中國大陸銀行之動機與機率強度，並以主成份分析進行資料萃取及最大概似法估計模型參數。再者，藉由此參股機率估計值進而求得外資金融機構最適參股機率強度門檻，可作為日後金融機構（含臺灣銀行業）參股動機之衡量指標。實證研究顯示，過去外資金融機構採行參股策略之目的主要在於創造被參股對象市場價值，以增加其參股投資報酬。對於獲利能力及資產品質較佳之外資金融機構，以及資產品質較佳之中國大陸銀行，則往往具有較高的參股與被參股潛在動機。 再者，為進一步探討外資金融機構採行參股策略後之風險與報酬關係，本論文係以或有求償權之模式，同時納入參股外資金融機構與被參股中國大陸銀行之個別資產價值，以及匯率波動等三項動態因子，在股東權益價值極大化為目標，及因應風險性資產所導向之資本管制，據以剖析外資金融機構經參股後之資產價值風險及其影響因素，並以靜態分析所對應之最適參股比例變化情形。其數值分析研究發現：當參股外資金融機構資產價值遞增、負債比率降低，以及所面臨法定風險權數增加時，對於其參股後之整體資產組合風險將有所降低。同時，對於具有高資產品質、獲利佳及多元化幣別資產組合之外資金融機構，以及面臨資產品質佳且著重本土金融開發之被參股中國大陸銀行，將有助於提高外資金融機構之最適參股比例。 針對臺灣銀行業參股模式方面，以投資中國大陸股份制商業銀行之動機強度為最高，其中泛公股銀行相對民營銀行更具有條件優勢，並以具備綠色通道優惠之大西部地區為佳。研究亦顯示，在外資金融機構已著墨中國大陸金融市場些許時日下，對於身為追隨性金融機構的臺灣銀行業而言，在當地金融服務未臻飽和、初始投資成本降低，以及台商業務平均需求成長趨勢下，將有助於降低其進入門檻。同時，研究中也採行模型論證，對於現階段臺灣銀行業實務上多以先行成立代表人辦事處後升格分行，並儘速於合規範內取得人民幣業務承做資格方式，以深根當地金融市場之經營方向，同時研究亦指出臺灣銀行業應具備創新化業務與利基性策略，方能提高採行成立獨資子銀行或參股之進入動機。 / In recent years China has experienced rapid economic growth that enables the advancement of the local financial industry, which benefited from the strong domestic consumption as well as improvement in average income per capita. The purpose of this paper is to point out an alternative direction for Taiwanese banks by mapping out the future China market expansion strategy, as the Taiwanese banks are facing prolong highly competitive domestic market. This paper applies Cox’s proportional-hazard survival model to analyze the strategic decisions of foreign financial institutions about acquiring equity stakes in Chinese banks. Based on principal component analysis, we extract significant independent variables from Cox’s model and employ a maximum likelihood method to estimate parameters. With the probability of equity stake acquisition, we obtain the optimal probability hazard threshold and treat it as a criterion for the foreign financial institutions to conduct equity stakes acquisition. Our empirical results confirm that the decisions of foreign financial institutions about equity stake acquisitions are to increase the profitability and market values of the target Chinese banks. In general, financial institutions with higher earning ability and better asset quality have stronger motives to take part in the acquisition or disposal of equity stakes. The contingent claim model is applied in this paper to examine the risk and return of foreign financial institutions after acquiring equity stakes of a Chinese bank. The model considers dynamic factors such as individual asset value and exchange rates to achieve the goal of maximizing shareholder value. In addition to analyzing the asset value and factors associated with risk after participation, this paper evaluates the optimal acquiring equity stakes proportion with numerical analyses under capital control. For China banking sector, we discover the overall portfolio risk of foreign financial institution will decrease after acquiring equity stakes when the asset value increases, the debt ratio decreases, and the required risk-weighted asset increases. Overall, these foreign financial institutions have well-diversified currency portfolio and enjoy a better asset quality and surplus earning; therefore, they will likely increase their optimal acquiring equity stakes proportion if the invested Chinese banks are with good assets quality and focused on local business. For the analysis of equity stake acquisition in China banks by Taiwanese banks, invested in the joint-stock commercial banks exists the higher intensity than others, and pan-government-owned Taiwanese bank also stands on the better vantage point than private banks. Under the possession of policy advantage for its green channels, the Western China Region is the best district in China for Taiwanese banks. This paper also examines the appropriate time and method to enter the market in China by applying the real options model. Being the market follower, Taiwan banking industry would need to find the right timing when ready entering China sine the market is pretty much laid out by many other foreign financial institutions. Therefore, the paper discovered some salubrious circumstances for Taiwan banking industry to enter the market, for example, the local financial service has not saturated, and initial investment cost is lower or Taiwan businessman demands more service gradually. The paper also confirms the current practice, which is to establish a representative office first and then promote it to a branch, seems to be practical for Taiwanese banks enter the market. Once meet the standard requests and acquire the license to operate RMB business, Taiwanese banks can establish wholly-owned subsidiary bank or take ownership stakes by having the innovation and business strategy in the local financial market.

The thesis evaluates present situation on the market with electricity in the East and the South-East of Europe. It is focused on the firm Coal Energy that operated and operates in the Czech Republic and abroad. It suggests eventual possible solutions in complicated market atmosphere nowadays.