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By investigating the discursive rules of hermeneutics and diagnosis, this study seeks to problematize particular presuppositions—most notably the presupposition of sense—of the modern disciplinary hermeneutic context. Following Barthes's consideration of the Greek modus of the middle voice as a useful notion in conceptualizing the modern scene of writing, the study advances itself toward conceptualizing a configuration of the modern reading scene in its middle-voiced permutation. In such a scene, the moment a reading attempts to read itself from without its parameters, it arrives at a spatial and temporal crisis (from the Greek krin-ein; to decide) between its action and the place (of not sense and not not sense) which exceeds the parameters delimiting the action of reading itself, but which nevertheless conditions its possibility. The grammar of this crisis is the middle voice; its condition, in the context of this study, is configured as madness. Madness is thus configured as a function of interrogation, reading and diagnosis. At the nucleus of the modem reading scene itself, this thesis opens with an introduction of the terms middle voice, crisis and madness, and then offers a consideration of three permutations of reading: Chapter Two, Chapter Three and the space between. Chapter Two considers a fictional representation of writing in the middle voice through a reading of Nabokov's Lolita, a text of fiction in the form of a "mad writer's" diary, whose historical reception has been marked by acts of appropriative censorship and clinical diagnosis. Chapter Three considers a permutation of the middlevoiced reading through a reading of Gertrude Stein's lectures on writing. This consideration is framed by fragments from the writing of Maurice Blanchot, connecting reading (as conceived by Stein) to madness, figuring the convergence of reading and madness in writing. The Interchapter, between chapters Two and Three, is an aporetic space entitled "Madness Itself." By allowing a brief and partial view of the modem clinical psychiatric setting, and by calling into question the parameters of the surrounding "chapters" themselves, this section seeks to perform, structurally and thematically, a moment of crisis recalling the middle voice.

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Studies of women’s experimental narrative in the twentieth century have often been fixed to political interests in the recovery of women’s artistic practices for inclusion in the canons of literary modernism and formal postmodernism. Concurrent trends in philosophy and critical theory, however, propose the interrogation of the limits of subjectivity itself, suggesting that the most provocative assertions about human experience eschew the very categorical delimitations, like gender, on which such recovery projects depend. This dissertation traces the literary investments of women, particularly queer women, whose experiments in life-writing reconfigure the boundaries of human subjects without relinquishing claims to the material or political conditions that shape their lives. “Rough Text” examines writing that queers or complicates autobiography by featuring self-referential protagonists whose lives illustrate the explosive consequences of both gender and genre manipulation. Writing themselves by unfastening themselves textually, temporally, and spatially, these authors do a liberating violence to their own coherence that shakes, and then rethinks, the grounds of their ontologies in ways that offer alternatives to the “psychological squalor” Fredric Jameson describes as the postmodern condition.

Studies of women’s experimental narrative in the twentieth century have often been fixed to political interests in the recovery of women’s artistic practices for inclusion in the canons of literary modernism and formal postmodernism. Concurrent trends in philosophy and critical theory, however, propose the interrogation of the limits of subjectivity itself, suggesting that the most provocative assertions about human experience eschew the very categorical delimitations, like gender, on which such recovery projects depend. This dissertation traces the literary investments of women, particularly queer women, whose experiments in life-writing reconfigure the boundaries of human subjects without relinquishing claims to the material or political conditions that shape their lives. “Rough Text” examines writing that queers or complicates autobiography by featuring self-referential protagonists whose lives illustrate the explosive consequences of both gender and genre manipulation. Writing themselves by unfastening themselves textually, temporally, and spatially, these authors do a liberating violence to their own coherence that shakes, and then rethinks, the grounds of their ontologies in ways that offer alternatives to the “psychological squalor” Fredric Jameson describes as the postmodern condition.

This dissertation explores the connections that exist between Gertrude Steins late nineteenth-century psychological studies at Harvard University, her fin-de-sicle brain research at the Johns Hopkins Medical School, and her early twentieth-century cubist writings. This study is important to neuraesthetic researchers, because it appears that Stein produced a secret series of cubist brain maps from approximately 1912 to 1935, and then published her first explicit brain map in _The Geographical History of America or the Relation of Human Nature to the Human Mind_, in 1936. The cubist brain maps that Stein produced during this period can be conceptualized as evolving, neuraesthetic writing practices that reflect her complex, scientific insights and her varied, artistic associations. One of the primary differences between Steins cubist writings and those of her literary peers is that she deploys the cubist painting strategies of Pablo Picasso, for the purpose of portraying the human central nervous system. In addition to exploring the scientific meanings of Steins multidimensional, performative and introspective cubist puns, my study examines how Stein uses color in her cubist writings, as a means of anticipating the visual effects of future scientific discoveries and connectivity maps, such as the Brainbow system, which uses the fluorescent protein from the jellyfish Aequorea Victoria to label the central nervous systems of genetically modified mice with distinguishable colors. Also, this project examines how Stein uses color words and other simple devices from the English language to illustrate the brains cellular structures, neural networks and neuroanatomical features. This studys primary aim is to explore how Steins dissociative writings function within western culture as neuraesthetic modes of masterpiece creation, brain representation and consciousness translation. Through the serial production of cubist brain maps, Stein posed important questions about the modern science of the reading brain. By developing allegorical methods of brain representation, Stein contributes to the western practice of neuroesthetics by foregrounding the role that creative writing plays in the production of imaginary, laboratory practices and imaginative, brain imaging technologies.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta tese discute a questão de gênero, tema importante para nossa época. Objetiva fazer uma análise na perspectiva fenomenológica e teológica da questão de gênero por meio das contribuições de Edith Stein (1891-1942), filósofa e discípula de Edmund Husserl (1859-1938). Examina, portanto, as relações entre masculino e feminino, destacando de modo particular a questão da mulher. Neste estudo, enfatiza-se, também, a presença de Edith Stein no panorama da literatura feminina da época, sua participação nos movimentos feministas e pedagógicos, sua relevância na escola fenomenológica pela capacidade de transitar nas diversas áreas do saber e pela sua original aplicabilidade do método fenomenológico no estudo da pessoa humana em suas variadas dimensões: corpo, alma, espírito, valores, relação com os outros e com Deus. Edith Stein se concentra em torno do sujeito da empatia e de suas vivências. Das análises das relações intersubjetivas, colhe elementos para a elaboração de uma antropologia filosófica, que no encontro com a tradição aristotélico-tomista integra com a antropologia cristã. Ao longo do trabalho, busca-se, ao mesmo tempo, examinar a relação do ser humano com a dimensão religiosa, com particular referência à teologia cristã católica. Discutem-se os significados ontológicos da natureza e essência da mulher, sugeridos pela pensadora numa prospectiva de complementaridade. A pesquisa trata da questão feminina contemporânea e faz confronto entre os escritos de Edith Stein e a condição da mulher em seu tempo. Paralelamente aborda os movimentos feministas no Brasil para demonstrar a situação da mulher nos diversos contextos histórico-sociais. Do ponto de vista teológico, a relação homem e mulher é estudada à luz da Revelação judaico-cristã, homem e mulher criados à imagem de Deus e da Trindade. A mulher ganha sua nobreza pelo fato de o Redentor nascer de uma mãe humana e, Maria é apresentada como protótipo da feminilidade: é a Mater- Virgo e a Sponsa-Christi. Nesse sentido, faz-se referência à tradição cristã, em particular à Carta Apostólica Mulieris Dignitatem de João Paulo II. Mostra-se a estreita relação entre as reflexões filosóficas e antropológicas dos pensadores sobre a teologia da feminilidade na Igreja Católica e a proposta de um novo feminismo da Igreja. Reflete-se sobre o protagonismo da mulher, a partir do valor fundamental do ser humano masculino e feminino. Alude-se à experiência religiosa cristã como abertura e encontro com a Verdade Revelada, itinerário individual e coletivo. Acena-se, por fim, à fenomenologia da espiritualidade e a teologia mística aprofundas por Edith Stein, inspirada nas obras de Santa Teresa DÁvila e São João da Cruz.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais / A Psicologia é um ramo científico relativamente novo e que ainda carece de alicerces metodológicos consistentes para sustentar suas investigações. Dado sua imaturidade, essa ciência encontra dificuldades para delimitar seu estatuto ontológico, o que gera diversos equívocos epistemológicos e metodológicos. Diante disso, a Psicologia não tem conseguido demarcar de forma precisa seu objeto de estudo, ocasionando assim o surgimento de inúmeras concepções a respeito do psíquico, o que resultou na fragmentação dessa ciência. Na sua constituição a ciência psicológica herdou um complexo problema filosófico: a questão mente-corpo. Portanto, para definir seu estatuto a Psicologia deve ainda enfrentar esse problema, buscando elucidar: o que é a mente, o que é o corpo e como eles se relacionam. Em virtude da importância dessa questão e para uma demarcação rigorosa do objeto psicológico, buscou-se nessa pesquisa investigar o problema mente-corpo à luz da Psicologia Fenomenológica de Edith Stein (1891-1942), filósofa e fenomenóloga que empreendeu notáveis esforços para uma fundamentação da Psicologia. Para isso, a discussão foi subsidiada a partir dos aportes da Filosofia da Mente e das contribuições do método fenomenológico para o problema mente-corpo. A partir daí, através de uma metodologia qualitativa bibliográfica, procurou-se examinar o problema de pesquisa através da análise de algumas obras filosófico-psicológicas da filósofa, a saber: “Causalidade Psíquica” (Psychische Kausalität, 1922) e “Introdução à Filosofia” (Einführung in die Philosophie, 1920). Para essa investigação, realizou-se sem prejuízo à discussão uma equivalência terminológica entre os termos mente e psique, visto que a fenomenóloga utilizou esse último para se referir ao objeto da Psicologia. Procurou-se analisar, portanto, como Stein concebeu a psique, o corpo e a relação entre ambos. Apesar de não ser o foco da investigação, levou-se em conta também a dimensão espiritual, visto que a filósofa concebeu a pessoa humana como constituída por três dimensões: corpo, psique e espírito. Assim, Stein destacou o mecanismo causal da psique, o qual tem como fundamento as variações da força vital que desponta a partir da esfera vital. Em relação à dimensão corpórea, a filósofa, seguindo as análises de Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), destacou o duplo aspecto do corpo, que é ao mesmo tempo uma coisa material (Körper) e também corpo-vivo (Leib). Em face disso, entende-se que a psique e o corpo estão intimamente conectados, de modo que constituem uma unidade-dual que se manifesta no Leib. Essa compreensão do problema psique-mente/corpo proporciona uma rica análise dessa questão, propiciando a superação de algumas incoerências das posições clássicas monistas e dualistas. Diante disso, possibilita uma rigorosa elucidação do objeto da Psicologia, contribuindo para a fundamentação dessa ciência. / Psychology is a relatively new scientific branch and still lacks consistent methodological foundation to support its investigations. Given its immaturity, this science finds difficulties to delimit its ontological status, which spawnes several epistemological and methodological misconceptions. Given this, Psychology failed to demarcate precisely its object of study, leading, thus, the emergence of numerous conceptions about the psychic, which resulted in the fragmentation of this science. In its constitution, psychological science inherited a complex philosophical problem: the mind-body issue. Therefore, to define their status, Psychology must still face this problem, seeking to elucidate what is the mind, the body and how they relate. In light of the importance of this issue to a strict demarcation of psychological object, it was sought in this research, to investigate the mind-body problem in the Phenomenological Psychology of Edith Stein (1891-1942), phenomenologist philosopher who undertook efforts for a foundation of Psychology. For that, the discussion was subsidized from the contributions of the Philosophy of Mind and the support of the phenomenological method to the mind-body problem. From there, by a qualitative bibliographical methodology, it sought to examine the problem of research through the analysis of some philosophical-psychological philosopher's works, named: "Psychic Causality” (Kausalität Psychische, 1922) and “Introduction to Philosophy" (Einführung in die Philosophie, 1920). For this investigation, it was made, without prejudice to the discussion, a terminological equivalence between the terms mind and psyche, as the philosopher used the latter to refer to the object of Psychology. It sought to examine, therefore, how Stein conceived the psyche, the body and the relationship between them. Although it wasn't the focus of the investigation, it also took into account the spiritual dimension, as the philosopher conceived the human person as consisting of three dimensions: body, psyche and spirit. Given this, Stein highlighted the causal mechanism of the psyche, which is based on the variations of the vital force that emerges from the vital sphere. In relation to the corporeal dimension, the philosopher, following the analysis of Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), highlighted the dual aspect of the body, because it is at the same time something material (Körper) and also a linving body (Leib). On the face of it, it is understood that the psyche and the body are closely connected, so that it constitutes a dual-unit which is manifested in the Leib. This understanding of the problem psyche-mind/body provides a rich analysis of this issue, enabling the overcoming of some inconsistencies of the monistic and dualistic positions. Given this, it allows a strict elucidation of the Psychology object, contributing to the foundation of this science. / Dissertação (Mestrado)

By investigating the discursive rules of hermeneutics and diagnosis, this study seeks to problematize particular presuppositions—most notably the presupposition of sense—of the modern disciplinary hermeneutic context. Following Barthes's consideration of the Greek modus of the middle voice as a useful notion in conceptualizing the modern scene of writing, the study advances itself toward conceptualizing a configuration of the modern reading scene in its middle-voiced permutation. In such a scene, the moment a reading attempts to read itself from without its parameters, it arrives at a spatial and temporal crisis (from the Greek krin-ein; to decide) between its action and the place (of not sense and not not sense) which exceeds the parameters delimiting the action of reading itself, but which nevertheless conditions its possibility. The grammar of this crisis is the middle voice; its condition, in the context of this study, is configured as madness. Madness is thus configured as a function of interrogation, reading and diagnosis. At the nucleus of the modem reading scene itself, this thesis opens with an introduction of the terms middle voice, crisis and madness, and then offers a consideration of three permutations of reading: Chapter Two, Chapter Three and the space between. Chapter Two considers a fictional representation of writing in the middle voice through a reading of Nabokov's Lolita, a text of fiction in the form of a "mad writer's" diary, whose historical reception has been marked by acts of appropriative censorship and clinical diagnosis. Chapter Three considers a permutation of the middlevoiced reading through a reading of Gertrude Stein's lectures on writing. This consideration is framed by fragments from the writing of Maurice Blanchot, connecting reading (as conceived by Stein) to madness, figuring the convergence of reading and madness in writing. The Interchapter, between chapters Two and Three, is an aporetic space entitled "Madness Itself." By allowing a brief and partial view of the modem clinical psychiatric setting, and by calling into question the parameters of the surrounding "chapters" themselves, this section seeks to perform, structurally and thematically, a moment of crisis recalling the middle voice. / Arts, Faculty of / English, Department of / Graduate