Bakgrund En vanlig orsak till smärta i fötterna är plantar fasciit och som kan enkelt förklaras som överbelastning av plantarfascian. Smärtan är lokaliserad anteriort på calcaneus och smärtan provoceras vid stående och gående. Aktivitetsanpassningar, kortisoninjektioner, stretching och sulor är vanliga behandlingsåtgärder vid plantar fasciit. Plantarfascian tillsammans med muskulatur kontrollerar fotvalvets rörelser och stabilitet. I dagsläget finns det en kunskapslucka kring vilka effekter muskelstärkande träning har på besvär i samband med plantar fasciit.   Syfte Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturöversikt var att undersöka vilka träningseffekter som finns för träning av lokal- och global fotmuskulatur hos personer med plantar fasciit.   Metod Den systematiska litteraturöversikt utfördes genom sökning i databasen Pubmed. Söksträngen utformades utifrån de inklusionskriterier som artiklarna behövde uppfylla. Granskning av artiklar och bedömning av bias utfördes enligt SBU:s formulär ”Bedömning av randomiserade studier”.   Resultat Fem randomiserade kontrollerade studier (RCT) uppfyllde inklusionskriterierna. De inkluderade studierna bestod av studier där en av interventionerna var muskelstärkande träning för fotmuskulatur. De effekter som upptäcktes i studierna var minskad smärta, förbättrad funktion, förändringar av plantarfascian och förändringar i gångmönstret.   Konklusion De fem studier som finns i området visar på en tendens att muskelstärkande träning har en positiv påverkan att lindra besvär i samband med plantar fasciit. I dagsläget behövs betydligt mer forskning för att kunna fylla kunskapsluckan av vilka effekter muskelstärkande träning för fotens muskulatur har på plantar fasciit.

Das Untersuchungsziel bestand in der Klärung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit als zusätzliche Belastungsgröße im Krafttraining und als Objektivierungsgröße der Schnellkraft- und Schnellkraftausdauerfähigkeit in der Leistungsstruktur von Ausdauersportarten am Beispiel des Ruderns. Die theoretischen Annahmen und der Untersuchungsverlauf bestätigten die Relevanz einer strikten Unterscheidung zwischen biomechanischer Meßgröße (Geschwindigkeit) und der Fähigkeit (Schnelligkeit), um trainingsmethodische Fehlschlüsse zu verhindern. Als zusätzliche Belastungsdosierungsgröße im bereits bestehenden Kennziffernsystem des Krafttrainings erwies sich die Steuerung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit als eine wesentliche Leistungsreserve. Mit der zusätzlichen Objektivierung und Aussteuerung der Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit im Krafttraining erreicht die Hauptbelastungskennziffer Kraft die höhere Qualität Leistung, wodurch eine Steigerung der mechanischen Leistungsabgabe bzw. der muskelmechanischen Antriebsleistung und damit der Bewegungsleistung erfolgt. Die Differenzierungen im Kraftanstiegsverhalten zyklischer Anforderungen entsprechen analog den Erscheinungen azyklischer Bewegungen wie dem Schnellkraftindex (Werchoschanski/Tatjan 1975), der Explosiv- und Approximationskraft (Schmidtbleicher 1980) oder dem Kraftgradienten, werden aber gegenwärtig nicht im Krafttraining von Ausdauersportarten objektiviert, quantifiziert oder gar direkt gesteuert bzw. trainiert. Präzisiert für das Rudern und damit relevant für die Kraftausdauersportarten insgesamt sind die Schnellkraftausdauer und die Schnellkraft als Fähigkeit zur Kraftentfaltung in den funktionell relevanten Phasen der Einzelzyklen bis zum Erreichen der Maximalgeschwindigkeit, oder allgemeiner, als qualitative Ausprägungen des Kraftanstiegverhaltens zyklischer und azyklischer Basiskraftfähigkeiten (Kraftausdauer- und Maximalkraftfähigkeit) zu definieren / The aim of this investigation was to clarify the velocity of movement as an additional parameter of the load in strength training and as a parameter of objectivity of the power ability and the power endurance ability in the performance structure of endurance events by way of example of rowing. The theoretical assumtions and the investigations affirm the relevance of a strict differentiation between biomechanic data (velocity) and the ability (speed) in order to prevent misinterpretations in the methodology of training. The control of the velocity of movement as an additional parameter of the load dosage within the existing system of data in the strength training has proven to be an essential reserve of performance. Due to the additional objectivity and control of the movement-velocity the strenght as a major parameter of load reaches a higher quality meaning power. Thus an increase of the mechanic power or of the muscle-mechanic drive and so of the power of motion is reached. The differentiations within the force-time-path of cyclic demands are in accordance with the phenomina of non-cyclic movements such as the power-index (Werchoschanski/Tatjan 1975), the explosive strenght and the approximation strenght (Schmidtbleicher 1980) or of the gradient of force. But these phenomina are not properly regarded in the strength training of endurance events. Relevant to rowing and therefore to the strength endurance events as a whole the power endurance and the power capacitys to exert a force on the functionally relevant phases of the monocycles till the point of maximum velocity, or more generally said, the qualitative shaping of the increase of force of cyclic and non-cyclic basis-strength-abilitys (strength endurance and maximum strength abilities) are to defined.

Title: Spectral Analysis of Electromyography Data of Power Lifters Objectives: The aim of this thesis is a description of muscle activity and its measu- rement using electromyography (EMG), description of parameters of EMG signal and their relationship to neuromuscular physiology. The aim of the practical part is an implementation of spectral analysis of EMG data of power lifters when performing 4 series of 5 split-squats carrying loading in one hand. Methods: The spectral analysis of EMG data of 35 athletes is presented. The athletes performed 4 series of 5 split-squats with one sided loading. The loading was 25% and 50% of their body mass and the carrying position was homolateral and contralateral to stance leg. Muscles chosen for measurement were vastus medialis obliquus, vastus lateralis obliquus, gluteus medius and biceps femoris of both sides. The implementation of digital signal proces- sing algorithm was done using Matlab and its Signal Processing Toolbox. The spectral analysis was implemented using discrete Fourier transform with sliding 256-sample window size and 32-sample window increment. The resulting spectrogram was divided into parts based on smoothed EMG. Median frequency for each split-squat was calculated. For the statistical processing we used median frequency differencies...

Esse estudo analisou os efeitos de 10 semanas de treinamento contra resistência, sobre a composição corporal, a força muscular e a flexibilidade de 11 mulheres idosas (68,91 ± 5,43 anos). Um grupo de 8 idosas (65,13 ±4,09 anos) serviu como controle inativo. A força de preensão manual (ambas as mãos), o percentual de gordura corporal (dobras cutâneas e bioimpedância) e a flexibilidade (teste \"sentar e alcançar\") foram avaliados antes e após 10 semanas. A força muscular isotônica foi avaliada pelas cargas de treinamento. Após as avaliações iniciais, os indivíduos começaram o programa de treinamento que consistiu de oito exercícios (peito, costas, ombro, bíceps, tríceps, coxa, panturrilha e abdome), sem a realização de exercício para flexibilidade. O programa de treinamento resultou em aumentos significativos (p< 0,001) na força muscular isotônica, para todos os exercícios, com aumentos percentuais que variaram de 25,91% a 49,09%, para tríceps e panturrilha, respectivamente. Verificaram se aumentos significativos (p < 0,001) na força de preensão manual de ambas as mãos e também na flexibilidade no grupo submetido a treinamento. O programa de treinamento não resultou em alteração na gordura corporal avaliada por bioímpedância e equação de dobras cutâneas, contudo verificou-se redução no &#931; 8DC (p&#8804;0,01). Não foram observadas alterações no grupo controle, em nenhuma variável investigada. Conclui-se que o programa de treinamento utilizado foi eficaz para aumentar a força muscular e a flexibilidade das mulheres idosas, reduzir o &#931; 8DC, contudo não provocou redução do percentual de gordura corporal. / This study analyzed the effects of a 10-wk resistance training program on body composition, muscle strength and flexibility in 11 elderly women (68.91 ± 5.43 yr.). A control group of 8 women (65.13 ± 4.09 yr.) served as inactive controls. Hand grip strength (both hands), body fat percent (skinfold thickness and bioelectrical impedance) and flexibility ( \"sit and reach\" test) were assessed before and after 10 weeks . The isotonic muscle strength were assessed by the weight of training . After initial tests, the subjects began a training program consisting of eight exercises for all body (chest, back, shoulder, biceps, triceps, thigh, calf and abdomen), without flexibility exercises. The training program resulted in significant increase (p< 0.001) in isotonic muscle strength, for all exercises, with increases ranged from 25.91% to 49.09%, for triceps and calf, respectively. It was observed significant increase (p<0,001) in hand grip strength (both hands) and flexibility in the training group. The training program resulted in no decrease in body fat assessed by bioelectrical impedance and skinfold thickness equation, but we observed decrease in &#931; 8ST (p&#8804; 0.01). No significant changes were observed in the control group by ariy variable. In conclusion, the training program utilized was effective in increase muscle strength, flexibility and reduced &#931; 8ST. However, the training program did not reduce body fat percentage.

Esse estudo analisou os efeitos de 10 semanas de treinamento contra resistência, sobre a composição corporal, a força muscular e a flexibilidade de 11 mulheres idosas (68,91 ± 5,43 anos). Um grupo de 8 idosas (65,13 ±4,09 anos) serviu como controle inativo. A força de preensão manual (ambas as mãos), o percentual de gordura corporal (dobras cutâneas e bioimpedância) e a flexibilidade (teste \"sentar e alcançar\") foram avaliados antes e após 10 semanas. A força muscular isotônica foi avaliada pelas cargas de treinamento. Após as avaliações iniciais, os indivíduos começaram o programa de treinamento que consistiu de oito exercícios (peito, costas, ombro, bíceps, tríceps, coxa, panturrilha e abdome), sem a realização de exercício para flexibilidade. O programa de treinamento resultou em aumentos significativos (p< 0,001) na força muscular isotônica, para todos os exercícios, com aumentos percentuais que variaram de 25,91% a 49,09%, para tríceps e panturrilha, respectivamente. Verificaram se aumentos significativos (p < 0,001) na força de preensão manual de ambas as mãos e também na flexibilidade no grupo submetido a treinamento. O programa de treinamento não resultou em alteração na gordura corporal avaliada por bioímpedância e equação de dobras cutâneas, contudo verificou-se redução no &#931; 8DC (p&#8804;0,01). Não foram observadas alterações no grupo controle, em nenhuma variável investigada. Conclui-se que o programa de treinamento utilizado foi eficaz para aumentar a força muscular e a flexibilidade das mulheres idosas, reduzir o &#931; 8DC, contudo não provocou redução do percentual de gordura corporal. / This study analyzed the effects of a 10-wk resistance training program on body composition, muscle strength and flexibility in 11 elderly women (68.91 ± 5.43 yr.). A control group of 8 women (65.13 ± 4.09 yr.) served as inactive controls. Hand grip strength (both hands), body fat percent (skinfold thickness and bioelectrical impedance) and flexibility ( \"sit and reach\" test) were assessed before and after 10 weeks . The isotonic muscle strength were assessed by the weight of training . After initial tests, the subjects began a training program consisting of eight exercises for all body (chest, back, shoulder, biceps, triceps, thigh, calf and abdomen), without flexibility exercises. The training program resulted in significant increase (p< 0.001) in isotonic muscle strength, for all exercises, with increases ranged from 25.91% to 49.09%, for triceps and calf, respectively. It was observed significant increase (p<0,001) in hand grip strength (both hands) and flexibility in the training group. The training program resulted in no decrease in body fat assessed by bioelectrical impedance and skinfold thickness equation, but we observed decrease in &#931; 8ST (p&#8804; 0.01). No significant changes were observed in the control group by ariy variable. In conclusion, the training program utilized was effective in increase muscle strength, flexibility and reduced &#931; 8ST. However, the training program did not reduce body fat percentage.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:19:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissACMT.pdf: 1392039 bytes, checksum: 926f2b2018080b0482855c9db1232aa0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-26 / Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais / The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eccentric strength training (ST) on autonomic control of heart rate (HR) evaluated at rest and during isometric exercise. Nine healthy men (62 ±2 years old) were submitted to 12 weeks of ST for knee extensors and flexors muscles (2x/week, 2-4 series of 8-12 repetitions, 70-80% of eccentric peak torque). Before and after the ST, the HR and its variability were evaluated at rest (supine and seated conditions) and during the sub-maximal isometric contractions (SIC; 15, 30 and 40% of maximal voluntary contraction) of knee extension wich were performed during 240s or until exhaustion. The HR was obtained at pre- (60s), during and post SIC (120s). Then, the variation (&#8710;) between the resting HR and HR at 10, 30, 60s and end of contraction observed during each SIC was analyzed. The HR variability was evaluated by the RMSSD index, which was determined in resting condition and during SIC (i.e., two windows of 30s in duration at the beginning and end of R-R interval data). The ANOVA two-way (repeated measures) and t-test was utilized for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). The ST increased the eccentric torque (extension: 210 ± 38 to 252.7 ± 61 N.m, flexion: 117.6 ± 25.1 to 133 ± 27.3 N.m) , but did not change the HR and HR variability at rest (HR supine: 62 ± 11 to 65 ± 9 bpm, HR seated: 62 ± 11 to 66 ± 9, RMSSD supine: 28.5 ± 18 to 21.5 ± 8.4, RMSSD seated: 30.4 ± 2 to 18.9 ± 6.2). The ST did not modify the isometric peak torque (177.6 ± 25 to 195.2 ± 31,2 N.m) and the time of execution of each SIC (15%: 240 to 240s, 30%: 203.4 ± 55 to 218 ± 5s, 40%: 135.6 ± 56.7 to 144.6 ± 55.6s). During the SIC, the pattern of HR response (significative increase in &#8710;HR from 30s to the end of contraction in 15 and 40%) and the RMSSD index (significative decrease from the first 30s to the last 30s of contraction in all levels of effort) was similar for the pre- and post training. Despite the ST increased the eccentric torque, it did not generate changes in the autonomic control of heart rate at rest and during the SIC. / The aging process is marked by several physiological changes, and the reduction in muscle strength is very important one. In order to minimize this force decline there are recommendations for using resistance training for elderly persons. Some studies available in the literature state that the eccentric contraction would be more suitable for the elderly, since it generates less cardiovascular overload during the exercise. However, the chronic effect of the eccentric strength training (EST) on the heart rate (HR) autonomic modulation is unclear. So, the aim of the first study was to investigate whether the EST changes HR and heart rate variability (HRV) during submaximal isometric contractions (SIC). This study included 17 volunteers who form divided into two groups: training group (9 men, 62 ± 2 years) and control group (8 men, 64 ± 4 years). The results indicate that although this type of training improves eccentric strength, the EST does not have any effect sufficient to promote changes in the autonomic control of HR during isometric exercise. Another important factor to consider is the increase in incidence of cardiovascular disease that occurs with aging. Furthermore, there are modifications of autonomic control of HR related to ageing that are detected by the reduction in HRV and changes in the complexity of physiological dynamics. Based on these considerations the aim of the second study was to verify whether changes in HR modulation, caused by the aging process, can be detected by the Shannon entropy (SE), conditional entropy (CE) and symbolic analysis (SA). In this study were evaluated 21 elderly (63 ± 3 years) and 21 young (23 ± 2 years). Elderly present distributions of patterns in HRV that are similar to young subjects. However, the patterns are more repetitive, thus reducing the complexity. This decrease of complexity comes from the increased presence of stable patterns and a decreased presence of highly variable patterns. This difference indicates that apparently healthy older subjects have a marked unbalance in autonomic regulation. The results of the second study indicate that non-linear approaches might be helpful to better characterize the changes on the autonomic control of HR in the aging process.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-08-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:49:08Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 arantes_lm_me_rcla.pdf: 491035 bytes, checksum: 9c4960c1f7c34e4bc86cddd4bb744ce3 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito do treinamento de força e potência na curva força-tempo isométrica e na ativação muscular em idosos com doença de Parkinson (DP). A amostra final foi composta por 25 participantes de ambos os gêneros (n=8 – grupo controle (GC); n=8 – grupo de força (GF); n=9 – grupo de potência (GP). Os grupos GF e GP realizaram treinamento com pesos, durante oito semanas, com especificidade para desenvolvimento de força ou potência musculares, respectivamente. O grupo controle (GC), composto por idosos com DP, realizou apenas o protocolo de avaliação pré e pós oito semanas. Os participantes realizaram consecutivamente: a) avaliação da Curva força-Tempo isométrica e da atividade eletromiográfica; b) início do protocolo de treinamento para os GF e GP; c) re-avaliação ao término do protocolo de treinamento de força e de potência. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizada estatística descritiva (média e desvio-padrão) e ANOVA two-way para medidas repetidas em todas as variáveis com nível de significância de p<0,05. Os resultados apontaram interações significativas (p<0,05) em contração voluntária máxima (CVM), taxa de desenvolvimento de força (TDF) no intervalo de tempo de 0-50ms e ativação muscular (iEMG) do músculo vasto lateral. Não foram encontradas interações significativas (p>0,05) na TDF nos intervalos de tempo 0-100; 0-150 e 0-200ms, TDFpico, impulso contrátil e ativação muscular (iEMG) dos vastos lateral e medial, nos intervalos de tempo 0-50; 0-100; 0-150 e 0-200ms, como também, na ativação do músculo vasto medial no momento da contração voluntária máxima. Portanto, conclui-se que o treinamento com pesos (força e potência) é capaz de aumentar a contração voluntária máxima, contudo o protocolo de potência parece trazer maiores benefícios; a capacidade dos idosos com DP de gerar... / The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of strength and power training on isometric force-time curve and muscular activation in elderly individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The initial sample was composed by 25 participants of both gender (n=8 – control group (CG); n=8 – strength group (SG); n=9 – power group (PG). Both group, SG and PG, participated of resistance training for eight weeks with specificity for development of strength and muscular power, respectively. The CG, with Parkinson’s disease, participated only of evaluation protocol, before and after eight weeks. Participants performed consecutively: a) evaluation of isometric force-time curve and muscular activation; b) start the resistance training protocol for SG and PG; c) revaluation of isometric force-time curve and muscular activation. For the data analysis it was used the descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and two-way ANOVA for repeated measurements of all variables. The level of significance adopted was p<0.05. The results pointed significant interactions (p<0.05) in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), rate of force development (RFD) in time interval of 0–50 and integrated EMG of vastus lateralis (iEMG VL). No significant interactions (p>0.05) were found in rate of force development (RFD) in time intervals of 0–100; 150; and 200 ms, peak of rate of force development (RFD peak), contractile impulse (CI) and integrated EMG of vastus lateralis and vastus medialis in time intervals of 0–50, 100, 150, and 200 ms as well in integrated EMG of vastus medialis at the same moment of MVC. In conclusion, the resistance training (strength and power) it is capable to increase the MVC, however the power training protocol seems to be more beneficial; the PD seniors’ capacity to generate fast force (TDF) in the first ones 50ms increase after eight weeks of power training... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:13:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosEATC_DISSERT.pdf: 535957 bytes, checksum: 4a4cb0797470f9dc7e83436d9bfc8330 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-16 / This study aimed to determine the influence of strength training (ST), in three weekly sessions over ten weeks, on cardiovascular parameters and anthropometric measurements. It is a before and after intervention trial, with a sample composed of 30 individuals. Participants were adults aged between 18 and 40 years, from both sexes and sedentary for at least three months previously. Tests were computed ergospirometry, CRP, PWV and body composition (dependent variables) before and after the experiment. Independent variables, age and sex, were considered in order to determine their influence on the dependent variablesevaluatedend. By comparing the initial cardiovascular parameters with those obtained after intervention in patients undergoing the ST proposed (a Student s t-test was conducted within each group for samples matched to parameters with normal distribution, while the Wilcoxin was applied for those without), there was no significant difference in PWV(p =0469) or PCR(p =0.247), but there was an increase in anaerobic threshold(AT) (p=0.004) and Maximal Oxygen Uptake(VO2max) (p =0.052). In regard to anthropometric measures, individuals significantly reduced their body fat percentage (p<0.001) and fat mass (p<0,001), as well as increasing lean mass (p<0.001). However, no changes were recorded in the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) (p= 0.777), body mass (p=0.226) or body mass index (BMI) (p =0.212). Findings of this study lead us to believe that the proposed ST, and did not increase the VOP or PCR improves cardiorespiratory capacity and body composition. Devotees of this training can therefore safely enjoy all its benefits without risk to the cardiovascular system / O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a influ?ncia do TF, com frequ?ncia de tr?s sess?es semanais e dura??o de dez semanas, sobre par?metros cardiovasculares e antropom?tricos. Trata-se de um estudo de interven??o do tipo antes-depois, cuja amostra foi composta por 30 indiv?duos. Os mesmos eram adultos com idade compreendida entre 18 e 40 anos, de ambos os sexos e sedent?rios h? pelo menos tr?s meses. Foram realizados os testes da ergoespirometria computadorizada, PCR, VOP e composi??o corporal (vari?veis dependentes), antes e logo ap?s o experimento. As vari?veis independentes, idade e sexo, foram aferidas no sentido de verificar seus efeitos sobre as vari?veis dependentes avaliadas. Ao comparar os par?metros cardiovasculares iniciais com os obtidos ap?s a interven??o nos indiv?duos submetidos ao TF proposto(atrav?s dos testes t de Student para amostras emparelhadas para os par?metros que tiveram distribui??o normal e para os que n?o a possu?ram, o Wilcoxon), n?o houve diferen?a significativa nem na VOP (p =0.469) nem na PCR (p=0,247), por?m houve aumento no Limiar Anaer?bio (LA) (p=0,004) e no consumo m?ximo de oxig?nio (VO2m?x) (p=0,052). Em rela??o ?s medidas antropom?tricas, os indiv?duos diminu?ram significativamente o percentual de gordura (p<0,001) e a massa de gordura (p<0,001), aumentaram a massa livre de gordura (p<0,001), por?m n?o alteraram a rela??o cintura-quadril (RCQ) (p= 0,777), massa corporal (p=0,226) nem o ?ndice de massa corporal (IMC) (p =0,212). Os achados do presente estudo nos levam a crer que o TF proposto, al?m de n?o aumentar a VOP nem a PCR, melhora a capacidade cardiorrespirat?ria e a composi??o corporal. Portanto, os adeptos de tal treinamento podem usufruir, com seguran?a, de todos os seus benef?cios sem risco ao sistema cardiovascular

Introduction: Strength training has been consistently demonstrated in studies as responsible for significant increases in lean mass and metabolic rate, accompanied by significant reductions in body fat weight, using strategies to accelerate this process androgenic anabolic steroids has been enough used by practitioners of this modality. Objective: To evaluate the strength training acting in conjunction with Androgenic Anabolic Steroids on the percentage of body fat of eutrophic rats. Methods: Twentyfour female rats randomly distributed in four groups were used: 1) Sedentary Control (CS) 2) Trained Control (CT) 3) Sedentary Nandrolone Decanoate (DS) 4) Trained Nandrolone Decanoate (DT). Strength training was performed in a squatting apparatus composed of four sets of 12 repetitions, with intensity of 70% of 1RM for eight weeks. On alternate days, the DS and DT groups received daily 5 mg/kg nandrolone decanoate intraperitoneally and the CS and CT groups received only saline solution (0.9%). The data represent the mean ± standard error of the mean. Student's t-test was used for analysis between groups, ns = no statistical difference. Results: After eight weeks of training, the weight between the CS and CT groups were different when compared to the DS and DT groups (there was no statistical difference between groups (CS vs CT, DS vs DT), in this sense, the CT group Who underwent strength training had a 10.8% and 11.2% increase in strength, in the 6th and 8th weeks, respectively, when compared to the CS group. The fatty contents of different territories were evaluated as follows: subcutaneous (SUB), retroperitoneal (RETRO) and periovarian (PERI) fats, which did not identify statistical differences between the groups evaluated. Conclusion: The use of Nandrolone Decanoate in trained rats did not cause changes in weight, strength and adipose tissue. / Introdução: Treinamentos de força têm sido consistentemente demonstrado em estudos como responsáveis por aumentos significativos na massa magra e da taxa metabólica, acompanhada por reduções significativas no peso de gordura corporal, utilizando-se de estratégias para acelerar este processos os esteroides anabólicos androgênicos tem sido bastante utilizados por praticantes desta modalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar o treinamento de força atuando de forma conjunta com Esteroides Anabólicos Androgênicos sobre o percentual de gordura corporal de ratas eutróficas. Métodos: Foram utilizados 24 ratas fêmeas distribuídas randomicamente em quatro grupos: 1) Controle Sedentário (CS) 2) Controle Treinado (CT) 3) Decanoato de Nandrolona Sedentário (DS) 4) Decanoato de Nandrolona Treinado (DT). O treinamento de força foi realizado em aparelho de agachamento composto por quatro séries de 12 repetições, com intensidade de 70% de 1RM durante oito semanas. Em dias alternados, os grupos DS e DT recebiam diariamente Decanoato de nandrolona intraperitoneal 5mg/kg por secção e os grupos CS e CT recebiam somente solução salina (0,9%). Os dados representam a média ± erro padrão da média. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student para análise entre os grupos, ns = sem diferença estatística. Resultados: Após oito semanas de treinamento, o peso entre os grupos CS e CT foram diferentes quando comparados com os grupos DS e DT (não foi observado diferença estatística intergrupos (CS vs CT; DS vs DT)), neste sentido, o grupo CT que foram submetidos ao treinamento de força apresentaram um incremento da força de 10,8% e 11,2%, nas 6ª e 8ª semanas, respectivamente, quando comparado ao grupo CS. Foram avaliados os conteúdos gordurosos de diferentes territórios conforme segue: gorduras subcutâneas (SUB), retroperitoneal (RETRO) e periovariana (PERI) o qual não identificamos diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos avaliados. Conclusão: O uso de Decanoato de Nandrolona nas ratas treinadas não causou alteração, no peso, na força e no tecido adiposo.

Background: A squat is a common exercise that is used in many areas of strength training and for different purposes and the literature is inconclusive when it comes to whether the weight lifting belt (WB) affects performance and/or is injury-preventing. The use of breathing techniques is common during heavy lifting and therefore the practice of the breathing teqnice; valsalva maneuver (VM) may be of interest to study and if this along with the WB can provide some advantages in power output and velocity. Aim: The specific aim of the study was to evaluate whether the velocity in the eccentric and the concentric phase of the squat, and the peak velocity in the concentric phases are affected in power output through the use of the VM when the subjects use or did not use a WB. Method: Fifteen subjects (10 men and 5 women) volunteered freely to participate and did a total of 12 squats divided in four different sets with three repetitions each on 75% of their self-reported one repetition maximum (1RM). The first two sets were either with or without WB and the third and fourth sets were either with or without the practice of the VM. The three conditions (with WB, with WB + VM and VA only) were compared to each other and to the control group (without any instructions and no WB) in terms of power output and velocity in the eccentric, concentric and peak velocity in the concentric phase of the squat. Result: There was no significant difference in power output when comparing the four different test conditions. The velocity in the eccentric, concentric and peak velocity in the concentric phase did not have a significant difference between the different test conditions. Conclusions: This study shows a different output compared to previous literature. The WB and the practice of VM did not affect the power output and velocity in a squat, alone or together. / Bakgrund: Det finns många olikheter i litteraturen när det gäller huruvida tyngdlyftarbältet påverkar prestationen och/eller om det minskar skaderisken. En knäböj är en vanlig övning som används inom många områden av styrketräning och för olika ändamål. Användning av andningstekniker är vanligt vid tunga lyft och därför kan utförandet av andningstekniken; valsalvamanövern vara av intresse att studera och om det tillsammans med lyftbältet kan ge effekt på effektutveckling och hastighet i lyft. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att utvärdera hastigheten i en knäböjs olika faser (excentriska, koncentriska och topphastigheten i den koncentriska fasen) och hur effektutvecklingen påverkas av lyftarbälte och valsalvamanövern. Metod: Femton personer (10 män och 5 kvinnor) deltog frivilligt och utförde totalt 12 knäböj i fyra olika sets med tre repetitioner på 75 % av testpersonernas självrapporterade 1RM. De första två seten var utförda antingen med eller utan tyngdlyftarbälte och de tredje och fjärde seten var utförda antingen med eller utan utövande av valsalvamanövern. Dessa tre förhållanden ( med lyftarbälte, med lyftarbälte + VA och VA endast) jämfördes med varandra och med kontrollgruppen ( ingen VM och inget lyftarbälte) med avseende på effektutveckling och hastigheten i den excentriska, koncentriska och topphastighet i knäböjens koncentriska fas. Resultat: Effektutvecklingen gav ingen signifikant skillnad i någon av de fyra olika förutsättningarna (med lyftarbälte, utan lyftarbälte, med bälte och valsalvamanövern och utan bälte och valsalvamanövern). Hastigheten i den excentriska, koncentriska och topphastigheten i den koncentriska fasen visade ingen signifikant skillnad mellan de fyra olika seten. Konklusion: Studien visade ingen skillnad vilket kan jämföras med tidigare litteratur där en skillnad fanns. Lyftarbältet och utförandet av valsalva manövern påverkade inte effektutvecklingen och/eller hastigheten när en knäböj utfördes.