Cette étude exploratoire dresse un portrait des transitions de milieux de vie (MDV) dans des Centres de réadaptation en déficience intellectuelle et en troubles envahissants du développement (CRDITED) de la grande région de Montréal. Elle permet d’identifier 1) les pratiques de transition de MDV des intervenants pivots en CRDITED, 2) les critères de succès de la transition de MDV et les moyens de les évaluer selon les personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle et les intervenants pivots et 3) l’écart entre les pratiques souhaitées et les pratiques actuelles à partir du point de vue des deux types de participants. Des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle (N = 9) et des intervenants pivots (N = 19) se sont exprimés sur leurs expériences de transition de MDV en participant à des entretiens de groupe. Une analyse qualitative de contenu a permis d’identifier une typologie des expériences de transition de MDV du point de vue des intervenants pivots. Un seul type de transition de MDV parmi les cinq identifiés, le type préparée, offre des conditions favorisant la réalisation de la transition dans des conditions satisfaisantes pour les intervenants pivots. Les autres types de transitions (types dernière minute, explosive, clé en main et salle d’attente) offrent peu d’occasions pour la personne présentant une déficience intellectuelle de s’impliquer dans le processus de transition. Les propos des intervenants pivots permettent d’identifier les caractéristiques d’une transition de MDV qu’ils jugent idéale (type comme si c’était moi). Les types de transitions sont comparés entre eux sur deux axes, soit sur l’axe représentant un continuum d’implication de la personne présentant une déficience intellectuelle dans sa propre transition et sur l’axe identifiant les grandes étapes de réalisation de la transition. Les résultats permettent de déceler un écart important entre les transitions actuellement effectuées et les politiques, intentions et engagements de l’offre de service auprès de cette clientèle, notamment au regard de l’implication de la personne présentant une déficience intellectuelle dans les décisions relatives à sa transition de MDV. L’étude permet aussi d’identifier trois dimensions importantes de l’évaluation du succès de la transition selon les perspectives des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle et des intervenants pivots. Les dimensions identifiées sont : bien-être psychologique et comportement, santé physique et collaboration. Les propos des intervenants pivots permettent de constater qu’il existe parfois un paradoxe entre leurs perceptions du succès de la transition de MDV et celles des personnes présentant une déficience intellectuelle. L’interprétation des résultats a permis d’élaborer des recommandations afin de favoriser de meilleures pratiques de transition. / This exploratory study provides a portrait of community living transitions in rehabilitation centers for intellectual disabilities and pervasive developmental disorders (CRDITED) in the greater Montreal region. It identifies: 1) the practices of community living transitions in CRDITED, 2) the success criteria of the community living transitions and ways to evaluate them according to people with intellectual disabilities and educators, and 3) the difference between the desired practices and current practices from the viewpoint of both respondents. People with intellectual disabilities (N = 9) and educators (N = 19) spoke about their experiences of community living transitions in group interviews. Qualitative content analysis has identified a typology of community living transitions from the educators’ point of view. One out the five types of transitions offers favorable conditions for a transition under satisfactory criteria for educators (prepared). Other types of transitions (last minute, explosive, turnkey, waiting room) offer little opportunity for the person with intellectual disabilities to get involved in the transition process. Educators identify characteristics of an ideal community living transition (as if it was me). All types of transitions are compared with each other based on transition steps and on the involvement level of the person with intellectual disabilities. A difference between the currently performed transitions and policy intentions and commitments was identified, particularly with regard to the involvement of the person in decisions on its own community living transition. The study also identified three important transition success dimensions from the perspective of both respondents: psychological well-being and behavior, physical health, and collaboration. The results disclose that there is sometimes a paradox in community living transition success perceptions between educators and people with intellectual disabilities. Interpretation of the results helped develop recommendations to promote better community living transition practices.

Trotz motivierter Therapieversuche gelingt es vielen übergewichtigen Menschen nicht, ihre Bewegungs- und Ernährungsgewohnheiten nachhaltig zu verbessern und das Gewicht zu reduzieren bzw. zu stabilisieren. Es wird angenommen, dass ihnen ein gewisses Maß an Selbststeuerungsfähigkeit (Willensstärke) fehlt. Diese ist notwendig, um ein gefasstes Ziel über eine längere Zeit aufrechtzuerhalten und umzusetzen. Sie steht im Mittelpunkt eines neu konzipierten Selbststeuerungs-, Trainings- und Ernährungs- Programms mit Spaß und wird mittels einer Coaching-Methode individuell gefördert. Durch die Optimierung der mentalen Bedingungen, die das Verhalten determinieren, soll die Voraussetzung für eine dauerhafte Veränderung des Gesundheitsverhaltens geschaffen werden. In einer quasiexperimentellen Studie mit 39 Jugendlichen wurde die Wirksamkeit von S.T.E.P.S. empirisch überprüft. Zudem wurden die Teilnehmer anhand von Erfolgskriterien als Responder bzw. Non-Responder bestimmt und retrospektiv auf Unterschiede untersucht. Daraus wurden Prädiktoren für den Interventionserfolg abgeleitet. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine alters- und anwesenheitsabhängige Wirkung des Programms hin. 15-17 Jährige verbesserten signifikant ihre Selbststeuerungskompetenz und reduzierten den Körperfettanteil. Auch die regelmäßig teilnehmenden Jugendlichen optimierten ihre Selbststeuerung bedeutsam. Größtenteils blieben die Effekte nach 8 Monaten bestehen. Responder verfügten über eine signifikant bessere Ausgangslage in den mentalen Prozessen. Bei der Bekämpfung von Übergewicht spielen eine ausgeprägte Handlungsüberzeugung und der Umgang mit negativen Affekten eine entscheidende Rolle. Die Analysen zeigten, dass der BMI zur Abbildung von interventionsbedingten Veränderungen im Körperfettanteil ungeeignet zu sein scheint. Der Einbezug der Eltern und die verwendeten Messinstrumente bezüglich des Verhaltens wurden diskutiert. Letztere wiesen einen dringenden Forschungsbedarf hinsichtlich ihrer Validität auf. / Despite highly motivated attempts at changing their eating and activity habits the majority of overweight people fail to lose weight successfully and over the long term. It is assumed that they lack the willpower necessary to maintain and realize this specific goal and a newly developed intervention program for overweight people (S.T.E.P.S.) is designed to help them with this. Willpower is facilitated through individual coaching. By optimizing the mental conditions which determine an individual’s behaviour, the preconditions for changes to their health behaviour are provided. The efficacy of S.T.E.P.S. has been tested empirically within a quasi-experimental study of 39 adolescents. Based on certain success criteria, participants were defined as responders or non-responders and examined retrospectively for personal differences to deduce which interventions were successful. The efficacy of the program is dependent on the adolescent’s age and frequency of participation. 15-17 year old participants significantly improved their willpower ability and reduced their body fat where they participated in the program frequently. These effects also showed up eight months after finishing the intervention. Responders were disposed to better preconditions in their mental processes. Weight loss requires a high level of volitional self-confidence and being able to deal with negative affects. Analysis seems to show that the BMI is an inadaquate indicator of loss of body fat, based on this intervention. Inclusion of the adolescent’s parents in the program was discussed, as well as the methodological measuring instruments applied in this study. These, however, require further empirical research regarding their validity.

Empirical research evidences have confirmed the pedagogical power of formative assessment to improve students‟ learning, particularly in science education. Thus, this study investigated science teachers‟ practice of assessment for learning in second cycle secondary schools at East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State. To meet this objective mixed method research design, particularly concurrent mixed method was used. The subjects of the study were all of science teachers in the randomly selected schools. Questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and observation were used to collect the data. From 186 science teachers, 153 teachers properly filled and returned the questionnaire. Moreover, 8 purposively selected teachers were included in the interview and observation sessions. To analyze the quantitative data, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one-sample t-test, multiple regression, MANOVA, and ANOVA were used. For the qualitative data content analysis was used. The results of the quantitative and qualitative data showed that the practice of assessment for learning in the selected schools was very low. Most science teachers administered tests, home works, assignments, and class works at the end of the lesson to consolidate what they taught and to collect marks, but they did not integrate different assessment for learning methods throughout their instruction for the sake of learning. Teachers mentioned lack of science resources, large class size, shortage of instructional time, inadequate school support, lack of appropriate professional development activities, lack of instructional materials, students‟ and teachers‟ negative perception on formative assessment, teachers‟ lack of knowledge and skill about formative assessment, and large content of courses as major factors for not implementing assessment for learning. Besides, this study revealed a significant relationship between teachers‟ perception and school supports with teachers‟ overall practice of assessment for learning. Teaching experience has also significant effect on the combined practice of assessment for learning, particularly teaching experience significantly affects the collection of learning evidences than other factors. However, class size, subject taught, and teaching load per week have no significant effect on the combined practice of assessment for learning. Moreover, the pre-service and in-service assessment trainings have no significant contributions to the practice of assessment for learning. Therefore, comprehensive and relevant assessment trainings should be given for science teachers on a regular basis to integrate assessment with daily instruction to improve learning. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)

Syftet med studien är att studera hur projekt inom besöks- och evenemangsbranschen avgör huruvida ett projekt varit framgångsrikt eller ej.Efterföljande frågeställning Hur är upplevelsen av framgångskriterier inom projekt i branschen? fördjupar ämnet ytterligare. Studien genomfördes med en kvalitativ metod och en induktiv ansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer användes för att besvara syfte och frågeställning. Respondenternas kärnfulla berättelser mynnade ut till ett resultat med tre centrala teman som var framstående för studien: Den komplexa vägen till framgång, Är vi på väg åt rätt håll? samt Vi får inte glömma vad vårt egentliga uppdrag är. Därefter har en diskussion formats med utgångspunkt av temana där efterföljande slutsatser formulerats där upplevelsen av framgångskriterier inom branschen är komplex. Sammanfattningsvis har studien påvisat en stor utmaning och komplexitet som besöksnäringen både har och står inför varje projekt. Detta då flera delar som förväntningar bland alla intressenter tillsammans med destinationens stärkande och utveckling alltid är något som bör tas i beaktning. Även mätningen av framgångskriterier upplevs vara en utmanande del, då det i flera lägen på förhand inte går att avgöra vilken nivågräns som siffror och nyckelvärden bör uppnå. / The purpose of the study is to study how projects in the hospitality and event industry determine whether a project has been successful or not. Research question How is the experience of success criteria in projects in the industry? deepens the subject further. The study was conducted with a qualitative method and an inductive approach where semi-structured interviews were used to answer purpose and question. The respondents' core stories led to a result with three central themes that were prominent for the study: The complex path to success, Are we heading in the right direction? and We must not forget what our real mission is. Furthermore, a discussion has been formed on the basis of the themes where subsequent conclusions have been formulated where the experience of success criteria in the industry is complex. In summary, the study has demonstrated a great challenge and complexity that the tourism industry both has and faces in every project. This is because several parts such as expectations among all stakeholders together with the destination's strengthening and development is always something that should be considered. The measurement of success criteria is also perceived as a challenging part, as in several situations it is not possible to determine in advance which level limit quantity and key values should achieve.

Submitted by Marcela Rodriguez Melon (marcelamelon@gmail.com) on 2017-01-13T18:50:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao MEX 2015_Marcela Melon_vFinal.pdf: 5355477 bytes, checksum: fa533c42f0b5ab47e31dfda162b643d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2017-01-18T12:00:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao MEX 2015_Marcela Melon_vFinal.pdf: 5355477 bytes, checksum: fa533c42f0b5ab47e31dfda162b643d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-25T12:11:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao MEX 2015_Marcela Melon_vFinal.pdf: 5355477 bytes, checksum: fa533c42f0b5ab47e31dfda162b643d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-16 / Different authors have proposed different criteria that should be considered to assess the success of Information Technology/Information Systems (IT/IS) projects. Through a review of the available literature concerning success criteria for IT/IS projects, this research identified that there is a clear trend over time to shift from the original budget, quality and time criteria to a larger set of criteria that involves not only those that are internal to the project but also external factors, such as impacts on the organization and people involved. This study aims to expose the perception of the Brazilian IT professionals about success in IT projects by using the word evocation technique and the Social Representation Theory (SRT). The data were empirically collected from 175 IT professionals through a web-based survey. The data was then processed on the software EVOC using the technique of the four quadrants from Vergès to identify the central nucleus and the peripheral system of the social representation of IT project success for the Brazilian IT professionals. The resultant data was then further analyzed and compared to the extant literature. As a result, the Brazilian IT professionals perceive the central core of the social representation of IT project success as formed by 'Satisfaction' and 'Scope'. The results show that while a considerably amount of IT professionals still consider Cost, Quality and Time as relevant factors for project success, due to the high frequency of evocation that these words had, they do not consider as the most important ones. This corroborates with the literature that points towards the evolution of the success criteria for IT projects. The results allow professionals and project managers to better prioritize the goals of their projects, by knowing how IT project success is recognized by the IT professionals in Brazil. / Diferentes autores propuseram diferentes critérios que devem ser considerados para avaliar o sucesso dos projetos de Tecnologia da Informação/Sistemas de Informação (TI/SI). Através de uma revisão da literatura disponível sobre critérios de sucesso para projetos de TI/SI, esta pesquisa identificou que há uma tendência clara ao longo do tempo em mudar do critério original de orçamento, qualidade e tempo para um conjunto maior de critérios que envolve não apenas aqueles internos ao projeto, mas também fatores externos, tais como impactos na organização e nas pessoas envolvidas. Este estudo tem como objetivo expor a percepção dos profissionais de TI brasileiros sobre o sucesso em projetos de TI, utilizando a técnica de evocação de palavras e a Teoria da Representação Social (TRS). Os dados foram empiricamente coletados de 175 profissionais de TI através de um questionário baseado na web. Os dados foram processados no software EVOC utilizando a técnica dos quatro quadrantes de Vergès para identificar o núcleo central e o sistema periférico da representação social do sucesso em projetos de TI do ponto de vista dos profissionais brasileiros de TI. Os dados resultantes foram posteriormente analisados e comparados com a literatura existente. Como resultado, os profissionais brasileiros de TI percebem o núcleo central da representação social de sucesso em projetos de TI como sendo composto por 'Satisfação' e 'Escopo'. Os resultados mostram que, apesar de uma quantidade considerável de profissionais de TI ainda considerar Custo, Qualidade e Tempo como fatores relevantes para o sucesso do projeto, devido à alta frequência de evocação que essas palavras possuíram, eles não são considerados como os mais importantes. O que corrobora com a literatura que aponta uma evolução nos critérios de sucesso para projetos de TI. Os resultados permitem que profissionais e gerentes de projetos priorizem melhor os objetivos de seus projetos, de posse da informação de como o sucesso de um projeto de TI é reconhecido pelos profissionais de TI no Brasil.