Während die Zahl journalistischer Veröffentlichungen zu Umweltthemen immer weiter steigt, sind wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu ihren Verfassern in Deutschland immer noch Mangelware. Die Diplomarbeit geht mithilfe einer Online-Befragung der Frage nach, wie die Arbeitsbedingungen von Tageszeitungsjournalisten aussehen. Außerdem wird mit einigen narrativen Interviews exploriert, welchen Rollenselbstbildern sich Journalisten zugehörig fühlen, die sich mit Umweltthemen befassen und ob dieses Selbstverständnis sich auch in den Arbeiten der Journalisten zeigt.:Inhalt 1 Einführung und Relevanz des Themas 1 2 Umweltjournalismus – Stand der Forschung 4 2.1 Der Umweltjournalismus als Gegenstand wissenschaftlicher Untersuchungen 4 2.1.1 Wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung in der Vergangenheit 4 2.1.2 Wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung in der Gegenwart 5 2.1.3 Verwendung des Begriffs ‚Umweltjournalismus‘ 6 2.2 Arbeitsrealität des Umweltjournalismus 7 2.2.1 Untersuchung der Medienberichterstattung 8 2.2.2 Untersuchung der Journalisten 9 2.2.3 Schlussfolgerungen aus dem Forschungsstand 10 2.3 Rollenselbstverständnisse von Umweltjournalisten und ihre Handlungsrelevanz 11 2.3.1 Wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung in der Vergangenheit 11 2.3.2 Handlungsrelevanz von Rollenselbstverständnissen 14 2.3.3 Besonderheiten der Rollenselbstverständnisse von Umweltjournalisten. 15 3 Erkenntnisinteresse und weiterer Aufbau der Arbeit 16 4 Umweltjournalismus 19 4.1 Annäherung an das Spannungsfeld von Journalismus und Systemtheorie 19 4.2 Ausbildung journalistischer Spezialisierungen 22 4.3 Umwelt und Ökologie als Termini der Systemtheorie 24 4.4 Umwelt und Ökologie außerhalb der Systemtheorie 27 4.5 Umweltjournalismus: Arbeitsdefinition und Operationalisierung 29 4.5.1 Arbeitsdefinition des Begriffes ‚Umweltjournalismus‘ 29 4.5.2 Operationalisierung des Begriffs ‚Umweltjournalismus‘ 30 5 Arbeitsrealität und Rollenselbstverständnis 31 5.1 Annäherungen an Arbeitsrealität und Rollenselbstverständnis 31 5.2 Bedeutungsdimensionen der Arbeitsrealität 33 5.3 Arbeitsrealität: Arbeitsdefinition und Operationalisierung 35 5.3.1 Arbeitsdefinition des Begriffs ‚Arbeitsrealität‘ 35 5.3.2 Operationalisierung des Begriffs ‚Arbeitsrealität‘ 35 5.4 Bedeutungsdimensionen des Rollenselbstverständnisses 36 5.5 Bedeutungsdimensionen der Handlungsrelevanz von Rollenselbstverständnissen 38 5.6 Rollenselbstverständnis und Handlungsrelevanz: Arbeitsdefinition und Operationalisierung 39 5.6.1 Arbeitsdefinition des Begriffs ‚Rollenselbstverständnis‘ 39 5.6.2 Operationalisierung des Begriffs ‚Rollenselbstverständnis‘ 40 5.6.3 Arbeitsdefinition des Begriffes ‚Handlungsrelevanz‘ 41 5.6.4 Operationalisierung des Begriffes ‚Handlungsrelevanz‘ 42 6 Forschungsdesign 43 6.1 Teil 1: Online-Befragung zur Arbeitsrealität 43 6.1.1 Beschreibung der Methode 43 6.1.2 Begründung der Methodenwahl 45 6.1.3 Konstruktion des Erhebungsinstruments 45 6.1.4 Prüfung und Pretest des Erhebungsinstruments 52 6.1.5 Fallauswahl 54 6.1.6 Datenerhebung und -auswertung 57 6.2 Teil 2: Leitfaden-Interviews zum Rollenselbstverständnis 61 6.2.1 Beschreibung der Methode 61 6.2.2 Begründung der Methodenwahl 62 6.2.3 Konstruktion des Leitfadens 64 6.2.4 Fallauswahl 67 6.2.5 Datenerhebung und -erfassung 70 6.2.6 Methode und Ablauf der Datenauswertung 71 6.3 Teil 3: Inhaltsanalyse zur Bestimmung der Handlungsrelevanz 75 6.3.1 Beschreibung der Methode und Begründung der Methodenwahl 75 6.3.2 Stichprobe 76 6.3.3 Datenerhebung und –erfassung 77 6.3.4 Ablauf der Datenauswertung 78 7 Erkenntnisse zur Arbeitsrealität 81 7.1 Umweltjournalisten bei deutschen Tageszeitungen 81 7.2 Soziodemographische Merkmale 82 7.3 Berufsbezeichnung und Berufserfahrung 85 7.4 Definition des Begriffs ‚Umweltjournalist‘ 88 7.5 Gründe für die Beschäftigung mit Umweltthemen 90 7.6 Ressortzugehörigkeit und Themenschwerpunkte 91 7.7 Wöchentliche Arbeitszeit und Zahl der Umweltjournalisten 93 7.8 Selektionskriterien und Impulse der Berichterstattung 95 7.9 Quellennutzung 98 7.10 Freiheiten und Hürden der Umweltberichterstattung 99 7.11 Zusammenfassung 102 8 Erkenntnisse zum Rollenselbstverständnis 104 8.1 Umweltjournalisten bei überregionalen Tageszeitungen 104 8.2 Selbstbild 104 8.3 Motive und Weg in den Journalismus 105 8.4 Ideale und Anforderungen 106 8.5 Ziele und Absichten 109 8.6 Wirkvorstellungen 112 8.7 Thematischer Schwerpunkt 114 8.8 Zusammenfassung 116 9 Erkenntnisse zur Handlungsrelevanz 118 9.1 Wahrgenommene Erwartungen 118 9.2 Einschätzungen der Handlungsrelevanz 120 9.3 Handlungsrelevanz 124 9.4 Zusammenfassung 127 10 Übergreifende Schlussfolgerungen 129 10.1 Unsicher in der eigenen Rolle 129 10.2 Umweltjournalistische Selbstsichten jenseits von Schwarz und Weiß 133 10.3 Informieren als Basis – Erklären als Kompromiss 136 11 Fazit 139 11.1 Zusammenfassung der Arbeit 139 11.2 Methodenkritik 143 11.3 Ausblick 145 12 Literaturverzeichnis 147 VI Anhang 160

We investigate the solution of large-scale generalized algebraic Bernoulli equations as those arising in control and systems theory in the context of stabilization of linear dynamical systems, coprime factorization of rational matrix-valued functions, and model reduction. The algorithms we propose, based on a generalization of the Newton iteration for the matrix sign function, are easy to parallelize, yielding an efficient numerical tool to solve large-scale problems. Both the accuracy and the parallel performance of our implementations on a cluster of Intel Xeon processors are reported.

Thesis (Ph.D. (Curriculum Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2022 / The purpose of this study was to look at the crisis in the implementation of inclusive education and to reflect on the role of full-service schools in Sekhukhune district. Participants were purposively selected in this study. Most of the mainstream school‘s struggle to cater for special educational needs learners, resulting in many dropouts. The study collected data through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions. The findings of the study have shown that many educators lack capacity on inclusive education, and full-service schools do not play a critical role in supporting neighbouring mainstream schools. The findings reveal that lack of capacity development like workshops and human resources are main factors contributing towards failure of full service schools to support neighbouring mainstream schools. In addition, inclusive education needs to be included in educator training at tertiary level qualifications. Therefore, further investigation of the impact of educator qualifications and implementation is recommended.

”VERKLIGHETSCHOCKEN”EN KVALITATIV STUDIE OM UTBRÄNDHET OCH DESS PÅVERKAN PÅ ARBETSPLATSENISRAA AHMADAJIN YASSINAhmad I & Yassin A. ”Verklighetschocken”. En kvalitativ studie om utbrändhet och dess påverkan på arbetsplatsen. Examensarbete i Socialt arbete 15 hp. Malmö Högskola: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för socialt arbete, 2016.Socialsekreterare är bland yrkesgrupperna som främst drabbas av utbrändhet. Fenomenet har blivit allt vanligare de senaste decennierna. Detta väckte därför intresset för att utforska ämnet ytterligare. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka arbetsrelaterade faktorer som bidrar till utbrändhet och hur det påverkar arbetsplatsen utifrån socialsekreterares perspektiv. För att besvara studiens syfte utfördes sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med socialsekreterare på socialtjänster inom Malmö Stad. Resultatet visade att det finns ett komplext samspel av bidragande faktorer på tre nivåer. Den första är på en individuell plan där faktorn ålder och ambitionsnivå spelar roll i förhållande till fenomenet. Problemet som uppmärksammades var att under utbildningen bildar studenter förväntningar som kolliderar med verkligheten när de möter arbetslivet. Detta sker speciellt när arbetsplatsen har dåliga förhållanden. Därigenom landar vi på organisationsnivån där intervjupersonerna upplevde höga krav, låg kontroll och brist på socialt stöd. Dåliga förhållanden innebär främst bristande stöd från chef, dålig psykosocial arbetsmiljö och hög arbetsbelastning. Dessa organisatoriska faktorer blir ohälsosamma och bidrar till utbrändhet. Tredje nivån är könaspekten där dubbelarbete och könssegregering innebär sämre arbetsförhållanden och högre arbetsbelastning för kvinnor. Resultatet visade även att arbetsplatsen påverkas när socialsekreterare drabbas av utbrändhet eftersom att det sprider oro till kollegor vilket som skapar en ond cirkel. När socialsekreterare drabbas av utbrändhet och sjukskrivs måste kollegor täcka kvarblivna arbetsinsatserna vilket som ökar arbetsbelastningen på dem. Utöver detta upplevde socialsekreterare andra negativa påverkningar när medarbetare drabbas av utbrändhet så som sämre kvalitet på utfört arbetet, lidande klient och ekonomiska följder. Vi anser att det är av särskild betydelse att öka medvetenheten om fenomenet då det finns en risk för oss eller kommande studenter att stöta på problematiken i framtida yrket och arbetsplatsen.Nyckelord: Arbetsplats, höga krav, socialsekreterare, systemteori, utbrändhet. / ” THE REALITY CHOCK”A QUALITATIVE STUDY ABOUT BURNOUT AND ITS IMPACT ON THE WORKPLACEISRAA AHMADAJIN YASSINAhmad, I & Yassin, A.” The reality chock”. A qualitative study about burnout and its impact on the workplace. Degree project in Social Work 15 credits. Malmö. University: Faculty of health and society. Department of Social Work, 2016. Social workers are among the professions who suffer the most due burnout. The phenomenon is becoming increasingly frequent recent decades. This aroused interest to explore the subject further. The aim of this study was therefore to examine work related factors that contribute to burnout and how it affects the workplace based on social workers’ perspective. Six semi-structured interviews were made with social workers in Malmo cities social services to answer the aim of the study. The result indicates that there is a complex interaction of contributing factors on three levels. The first is on an individual plan illustrating the factor age and level of ambition as contributing to burnout. The problem that they drew attention to is that during the studies the students create expectations that collide with the reality when they meet the work life. This happens especially when the workplace has bad conditions. Thereby we land on the organizational level where social workers are experiencing high demands, low control and lack of social support. Bad conditions are due the interviewed social workers mainly a workplace with lack of support from manager, bad psychosocial working environment and high workload. This conditions characteristics as unhealthy and organizational factors contributing to burnout. Third level is the gender dimension where double work and the fact that women dominate social work mean worse working conditions and higher workload. The result also showed that the workplace affects when social workers suffer by burnout because it spreads concern through the colleagues, which creates a vicious circle. Colleagues have to cover the work tasks when the social worker suffers due burnout and stays at home on sick leave, which increase the burden on them. Inferior quality, client suffering and economic consequences was also an influence that social workers experienced because of burnout. Thereby we consider that it is of essential importance to increase awareness about the phenomenon because of the risk that next students or we encounter this problem in future profession and workplace. Keywords: Burnout, high demands, social worker, system theory, workplace.

In the context of my involvement with the CASHSS Multiple Secularities – Beyond the West, Beyond Modernities’ research programme, I chose Ghazali’s autobiography, and in particular his “crisis of indecision,” as an example of a pre-modern negotiation of the boundaries of religion at the micro level. The research programme suggests employing the analytical concept of secularity to investigate both non-Western and pre-modern forms of secularity, in terms of conceptual distinctions and institutional differentiations between religious and non-religious social spheres. In this essay, I would like to propose a method of pursuing these goals from my own theoretical perspective. More specifically, I will argue that in Ghazali’s reflections on spiritual religiosity, theology, philosophy and science, we can discern the individual engagement of a prominent Muslim thinker with emerging communicative realms. In the Modern Systems Theory of Niklas Luhmann, these realms are taken to represent functionally differentiated subsystems of modern society.

This study is to investigate the problem of connectivity between nationally produced science and national needs. It is a collective case study of two academic departments within Saudi academia, the departments of petroleum engineering at Alpha and Beta Universities. The rationale for using these departments is that Saudi Arabia has an advanced petroleum industry, making petroleum engineering a good case for investigating the connectivity of nationally produced science with national needs. The main tool of the study was in-depth tape-recorded interviews. Twenty-two interviews were conducted, sixteen with current and retired faculty members at the petroleum engineering departments of Alpha and Beta and six with administrators at both universities. In addition, documents and observation were used as tools. The two departments differ in their levels of connectivity with national industry. One is increasingly connected with national industry, while the other is completely isolated from national industry. Historical and regulatory factors play a role in this difference. Four themes were generated from the data: institutional arrangements, positive attitude and self confidence, social construction of the university, and rentier mentality. The data gathered show that the issue of connectivity is beyond the will and abilities of individual scientists; it is a result of organizational efforts of the scientific institutions reinforced by the willingness of the productive sectors to change their behavior toward national scientists. / Ph. D.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to contribute with increased knowledge about preschool teachers' use of gender perspectives in the work with the indoor learning environment. The research questions in the study concern to what extent and in what ways the preschool teachers describe that they use a gender perspective in the work with the preschool learning environment indoors, and what can be made visible in the preschool teachers' descriptions with the help of Hirdman's (1988, 2003) gender system theory. The selection of the study’s participants were preschool teachers, and the data collection method was semi-structured interviews that visualized the preschool teachers' work around gender perspectives. The result that has been produced from the nine interviews was, among other things, that the preschool teachers agree that the indoor learning environment should be designed to be accessible and suit all children according to their different needs, regardless of gender. We chose to use Hirdman's gender system theory where the preschool teachers' answers in the study have been analyzed based on the theoretical concepts of separation, hierarchies and gender contracts. A conclusion produced by the study was that there are both strategies and shortcomings in the work with gender in the learning environment, but that most of the preschool teachers use a gender perspective in different ways when working with the preschool's indoor learning environment. It was made clear in the gender analysis that the preschool teachers’ work with a gender perspective in the indoor learning environment to some extent takes place in accordance with Hirdman’s gender system theory. The theoretical concepts in the analysis show that there is separation in the preschool teachers’ work with gender-stereotypical materials, hierarchies where the preschool teachers choose to act more neutrally towards certain gender-stereotypical materials and that the gender contract is reinforced by the preschool teachers’ assumptions of what role they think the children want in roleplay. / Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att bidra med ökad kunskap om förskollärares användning av genusperspektiv i arbetet med lärmiljön inomhus. Forskningsfrågorna i studien handlar om i vilken utsträckning och på vilka sätt som förskollärarna beskriver att de använder genusperspektiv i arbetet med förskolans lärmiljö inomhus, samt vad som kan synliggöras i förskollärarnas beskrivningar med hjälp av Hirdmans (1988, 2003) genussystemteori. Urvalet av studiens deltagare var förskollärare och datainsamlingsmetoden var semistrukturerade intervjuer som synliggjorde förskollärarnas arbete kring genusperspektiv. Resultatet som har framställts från de nio intervjuerna var bland annat att förskollärarna är eniga om att lärmiljön inomhus ska utformas till att vara tillgänglig och passa alla barn efter deras olika behov, oberoende av kön. Vi valde att använda oss av Hirdmans genussystemteori där förskollärarnas svar i studien har analyserats utifrån de teoretiska begreppen isärhållande, hierarkier och genuskontrakt. En av studiens slutsatser var att det förekommer både strategier och brister i arbetet med genus i lärmiljön, men att de flesta förskollärarna trots allt använder sig av genusperspektiv på olika sätt när de arbetar med förskolans lärmiljö inomhus. Det tydliggjordes i genusanalysen att förskollärarnas arbete med genusperspektiv i lärmiljön inomhus till vissa delar sker i enlighet med Hirdmans genussystemteori. De teoretiska begreppen i analysen visar att det förekommer isärhållande i förskollärarnas arbete med könsstereotypa material, hierarkier där förskollärarna väljer att agera mer neutralt till vissa könsstereotypa material och att genuskontraktet förstärks av förskollärarnas antaganden av vilken roll de tror att barnen vill ha i leken.

This essay examines how two daily newspapers, the Swedish Dagens Nyheter and the Russian Izvestia retell and report on the Russian-Ukrainian war. The study is based on the theory of propaganda by Garth S. Jowett and Victoria O`Donnell and the media system theory by Daniel C. Hallin and Paolo Mancini which is applied to fifty randomly selected articles from a six-week period. The purpose of this study is to see how further reporting differs between the two newspapers that operate in two different media systems and whether propaganda is visible in the newspapers reporting. The survey is carried out by studying how often Dagens Nyheter and Izvestia report on the Russian- Ukrainian war and if propaganda techniques are used in the published articles. Furthermore, the terms used to describe the war in the two newspapers are also examined.  The study is based on a quantitative content analysis where articles were collected over a six-week period as empirical material. The articles were coded in a code-scheme and the results are presented in three diagrams and one chart.The study resulted in marked differences between Dagens Nyheter and Izvestia`s reporting where propaganda is strongly prominent in the Russian newspapers Izvestia and non-existent in the Swedish Dagens Nyheter. Additional results that this study promotes are that the newspapers construct, report and describe the war in two completely different ways. / Denna studie undersöker hur två dagstidningar konstruerar och rapporterar om det Rysk-ukrainska kriget ur ett propagandateoretiskt perspektiv samt ur ett mediesystemteoretiskt perspektiv. Tidningarna som undersöks är den svenska tidningen Dagens Nyheter och den ryska tidningen Izvestia. Syftet med denna undersökning är att se hur vidare rapporteringen skiljer sig åt mellan de två tidningarna som verkar i två olika mediesystem samt om propaganda är synlig i de två tidningarnas rapportering. Undersökningen sker genom att studera hur ofta Dagens Nyheter respektive Izvestia rapporterar om det Rysk-ukrainska kriget samt om propagandatekniker används i de publicerade artiklarna. Vidare undersöks vilka termer som används för att beskriva kriget i de båda tidningarna.  Studien grundar sig i en kvantitativ innehållsanalys där artiklar samlats in under en sexveckorsperiod som empiriskt material. Artiklarna kodas i ett kodschema och resultatet presenteras i tre diagram och en tabell.Studien resulterade i markanta skillnader mellan Dagens Nyheters och Izvestias rapportering, där propaganda är starkt framträdande i den ryska tidningen Izvestia och obefintlig i Dagens Nyheter. Ytterligare resultat som studien visar är att tidningarna konstruerar, rapporterar och beskriver kriget på två skilda sätt.

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Large, ever more complex, technological systems surround us and provide products and services that both construct and define much of what we consider as modern society. Our societal bargain is the trade-off between the benefits of our technologies and our constant vigilance over the safe workings and the occasional failures of these often hazardous sociotechnical systems during their operating life. Failure of a system's infrastructure, whether a complex subsystem or a single component, can cause planes to crash, oil rigs to burn, or the release of radioactivity from a nuclear power plant. To prevent catastrophes, much depends not only on skilled and safe operations, but upon the effective maintenance of these systems. Using the commercial nuclear power industry, of the United States, as a case study, this dissertation examines how nuclear power plant maintenance functions to ensure the plants are reliable and can safely operate for, potentially, eighty years; the current, government regulation defined limit, of their functional life. This study explores the history of U.S. nuclear maintenance regulatory policy from its early Cold War political precursors, the effect of the 1979 Three Mile Island reactor melt-down accident, through its long development, and finally its implementation by nuclear power licensees as formal maintenance programs. By investigating the maintenance of nuclear power plants this research also intends to expand the conceptual framework of large- technological-system (LTS) theory, in general, by adding a recognizable, and practically achievable, end-of-life (EOL) phase to the heuristic structure. The dissertation argues that maintenance is a knowledge producing technology that not only keeps a sociotechnical system operating through comprehension, but can be a surveillance instrument to make system end-of-life legible; that is both visible and understandable. With a discernible and legible view of system end-of-life, operators, policy makers, and the public can make more informed decisions concerning a system's safety and its continued usefulness in society. / Doctor of Philosophy / Large, ever more complicated, technical systems surround us and provide products and services that define much of what we consider as modern society. Our societal bargain is the trade-off between the benefits of our technologies and our constant vigilance over the safe workings and the occasional failures of these often hazardous systems during their operating life. Failure of a system's infrastructure, whether a complex subsystem or a single component, can cause planes to crash, oil rigs to burn, or the release of radioactivity from a nuclear power plant. To prevent catastrophes, much depends not only on skilled and safe operations, but upon the effective maintenance of these systems. Using the commercial nuclear power industry, of the United States, as a case study, this dissertation examines how nuclear power plant maintenance functions to ensure the plants are reliable and can safely operate for, potentially, eighty years; the current, government regulation defined limit, of their functional life. This study explores the history of U.S. nuclear maintenance regulatory policy from its early Cold War political precursors, the effect of the 1979 Three Mile Island reactor melt-down accident, through its long development, and finally its implementation by nuclear power licensees as formal maintenance programs. By investigating the maintenance of nuclear power plants this research also intends to develop a method to determine when a nuclear power plant, or other large technological system, is approaching or has reached the end of its reliable and safe operational life. The dissertation presents maintenance as a technology of knowledge that not only keeps a system operating through understanding of its components, but can be a general surveillance instrument to make system end-of- life legible. With a discernible and understandable view of end-of-life, operators, policy makers, and the public can make more informed decisions concerning a system's safety and its continued usefulness to society.