Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-08-13T13:06:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marília Abrão Rezende.pdf: 15635182 bytes, checksum: dd6d5b283854e0b868ff7662c531c98a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T13:06:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marília Abrão Rezende.pdf: 15635182 bytes, checksum: dd6d5b283854e0b868ff7662c531c98a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-06-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This research regards the mystery on cinema, noting and questioning its typological statute; pointing out its relationship with the following typologies: whodunit, noir, and suspense thriller; and observing the building up of mystery on screenwriting. More specifically, we pose the question: which elements, noticeable since the script, contribute to the understanding of these films as mystery films? Therefore, our corpus comprises three screenplays: Rear Window (1953), Chinatown (1973) and Memento (1999). The screenplay’s analysis is supported somewhat by the work of Jule Selbo –– researcher and screenwriter who studies genre as a tool for writing feature-films ––, and also looks for noticing (A) which situations in these scripts alludes to the mystery universe and the genres related to it; (B) which are the emotional effects provoked on the spectator by the use of genres (C) how could the genres that crosses a script be related to the film’s relevance on its time? The concept of genre adopted comes mostly from Rick Altman, who understands the generic kind in historical perspective instead of seeing it as a fixed category. Altman’s semantic-syntactic approach makes possible the observation of elements that contribute to the analysis of the screenplays mentioned above, summing up to Selbo’s approach. The bibliography also contains names as Raphaëlle Moine, Thomas Schatz, David Bordwell, Edward Buscombe, Steave Neale –– authors that explore the genres in various directions. Beyond them, we found help on a diverse range of authors and researchers, who enriched the discussion. We believe that the relevance of this research is related to the few numbers of works in Brazil regarding the mystery’s statute, as well as to the scarce academic studies related to the practice of screenwriting / Esta pesquisa volta-se para o mistério no cinema, notando e questionando seu caráter tipológico; assinalando sua imbricação com as tipologias do whodunit, do noir e do thriller de suspense; e observando a construção do mistério na etapa de roteirização. Mais especificamente, pergunta-se: quais elementos, presentes desde a etapa do roteiro, contribuem para a apreensão desses filmes enquanto filmes de mistério? Para tanto temos um corpus composto por três roteiros fílmicos: Rear Window (Janela Indiscreta, 1953), Chinatown (Chinatown, 1973) e Memento (Amnésia, 1999). A análise dos roteiros apontados se fundamenta no trabalho de Jule Selbo –– pesquisadora e roteirista que estuda o gênero enquanto ferramenta para a escrita de roteiros longa-metragem –– e busca observar (A) quais situações nesses roteiros remetem, de forma mais imediata, ao universo do mistério e dos gêneros a ele relacionados; (B) quais as relações afetivas que são despertadas no espectador a partir dos gêneros; (C) de que forma os gêneros que perpassam tais roteiros relacionam-se à pertinência dos respectivos filmes na sua contemporaneidade. O conceito de gênero aqui adotado é o de Rick Altman, que entende as categorias genéricas em plano histórico e não como formas imutáveis. A abordagem semântico-sintática do autor possibilita o apontamento de aspectos que contribuem para a observação dos roteiros em questão, complementando a abordagem de Selbo. Os referenciais teóricos da pesquisa também envolvem outros estudiosos como Raphaëlle Moine, Thomas Schatz, David Bordwell, Edward Buscombe, Steave Neale — autores que trabalham o gênero cinematográfico em suas diferentes dimensões. Além disso, encontramos respaldo em importantes nomes da história do cinema. Acreditamos que a relevância da pesquisa liga-se à escassez, na universidade brasileira, de trabalhos relacionados ao estatuto do mistério, bem como à raridade de estudos teóricos que se relacionem à prática de roteirização

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo central compreender um sentido identitário de nação construído pela Minissérie Grande Sertão: Veredas por meio de gêneros e temas. O referencial teórico e procedimentos adotados possibilitaram compreender a articulação entre gêneros literários, gêneros do discurso, gêneros televisuais e acabamento temático numa perspectiva de construção histórica de um sentido de nação socialmente determinado. Essa abordagem abriu-nos caminho para discutir questões referentes aos diversos enfoques teóricos sobre a problemática dos gêneros no campo da Comunicação. Analisamos os discursos dos principais artífices da minissérie, os discursos da imprensa sobre a minissérie e os elementos constitutivos da minissérie com base em uma perspectiva dialógica em que a dimensão de significação das relações humanas é permeada pela ideologia do enunciado. O estudo da minissérie Grande Sertão: Veredas revelou que a escolha temática e o tratamento estético estão sujeitos às injunções sociais, que, em certa medida, privilegiam a abordagem de um ou de outro tema. Como resultado dessas discussões, identificamos características do gênero minissérie permeadas por um acabamento temático até certo ponto inovador demonstrado pelo tratamento estético diferenciado de alguns elementos narrativos, como por exemplo: personagens, sonorização, ambiente. Enfim, o acabamento temático e o tratamento estético se articulam harmoniosamente e se concretizam num produto artístico no qual é possível discernir o gênero como articulador de um modelo de interpretação e de visão do mundo. / The central target of this work is to comprehend a sense of nation identity built by the television miniseries Grande Sertão: Veredas through gender and theme. The theoretical referential and procedures adopted allow to understand the articulation between literary genders, discourse genders, televisual genders and thematic finishing in a perspective of historical construction of socially determined sense of nation. This approach has opened to us a path to discuss questions referring to several theoretical focus about the question of genders in Communication. The miniseries main personages discourses, the press discourses about the miniseries and the miniseries constitutive elements were analyzed based in a dialogical perspective where a signification dimension of human relations is permeated by the enunciation ideology. The study of the miniseries Grande Sertão: Veredas revealed that the thematic choice and the aesthetic treatment are subject to social injunctions which, in certain measure, privilege the approach of one or other themes. As result of these discussions, characteristics of the miniseries gender were observed permeated by a thematic finishing untill certain point innovative. This was demonstrated by the aesthetic finishing differentiated from some narrative elements, for instance: personages, sonorousness and ambient. In short, the thematic finishing articulates itself harmoniously and turn into an a artistic product in which is possible to discern the gender as the articulator of a paradigm of interpretation and a world vision.

Correctional officers work in a coercive environment and as such they are confronted with various challenges on a daily basis. Research found that the unique stressors that correctional officers experience result in stress which can negatively impact their physical and psychological health as well as their family life. However, limited research has been conducted to identify the stressors that are relevant to the South African correctional officer. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate South African correctional officers’ lived experiences of their work and work environment and the Employee Assistance Programme and the meaning they attached to them. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were utilised to select the 20 participants from the two correctional centres of the Department of Correctional Services in Worcester, Western Cape. The sample consisted of 11 male and 9 female correctional officers between the ages of 26 and 56 years with a mean age of 43.4. A qualitative approach was utilised to obtain in-depth insights into the lived experiences and attributed meanings of participants. Individual interviews were conducted with the participants by utilising a semi-structured interview guide. A demographic questionnaire was completed by each participant after the interview. The interviews were audio-recorded with the written permission of each participant and transcribed for analysis. Through the use of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) 7 themes were identified namely: (a) confronting various challenges on a daily basis (b) various dimensions of correctional officers life affected (c) neglect of correctional officers’ well-being (d) coping mechanisms (e) barriers preventing corrections officers from utilising the EAP (f) a recognition of the positive value of the EAP (g) personal meaning derived from work. In addition, the themes consist of various subthemes. The findings of the study suggest that correctional officers are confronted with various challenges on a daily basis, which include lack of input into decision making, lack of support from management, lack of trust in management, pressure caused by staff shortages, lack of resources, inadequate training opportunities and a lack of promotion system. Furthermore, participants revealed that their work and work environment had a negative impact on their physical and psychological health as well as their family life. In addition, participants reported that aspects of their well-being are neglected which include a lack of interest from management in their problems, a lack of recognition and motivation from management as well as a lack of team-building opportunities. Various coping mechanisms were utilised by the participants which seems to act as a buffer against the negative effects of their stressful work and work environment. These coping mechanisms include conflict resolution and communication skills, religion, sport, positive thinking, resilience as well as family and co-worker support. A variety of barriers that prevent participants from using the EAP service that are offered at work were identified. These barriers indicated by the participants included a lack of trust in the EAP, the stigma attached to using the EAP, difficulty relating with the EAP practitioner, a negative perception of the EAP, and insufficient marketing of the EAP. Despite the barriers, participants recognised the overall positive value of the EAP service in the Department of Correctional Service. Participants appear to find meaning in their work. Some participants expressed the satisfaction that they experienced from their job while others expressed the sense of reward that they experience from their job. Recommendations for further research include the evaluation of the EAP programme to determine its effectiveness on a national level, more involvement from management in ground floor correctional officers, providing additional teambuilding oppertunities and reintroducing Wellness Days. A limitation of the study is that only a small sample of correctional officers limited to two correctional facilities in Worcester, Western Cape, was used. Therefore, the findings of the study could not be generalised to the whole population of South African correctional officers. / Psychology

As the title of this essay suggests, Paul Auster’s 2003 novel Oracle Night is studied with regard to what is here considered to be a search for a way out of estrangement. This search, as narrated from the point of view of the protagonist, is followed by a certain recognition of the limits of human existence – which may be essentially meaningless but is nevertheless portrayed as an intentional state of being, not least through the act of writing as a means of subjectification. Thus, the novel is read with a special focus on the thematic representation of writing and human subjectivity. These overarching themes may be approached with reference to two different philosophies or theoretical positions – postmodernism and existentialism. The purpose of the essay is to study the extent to which Oracle Night may be understood in terms of an existentialist (reconstructive) critique of, or challenge to, a postmodernist (deconstructive) perspective. In order to follow this line of inquiry, the analytic method rests on narrative thematics. This kind of narratological study answers the question what Auster’s novel is about and in what ways the theoretical perspectives in question are expressed in the novel. Thematic motifs are examined within the frame of a six-step model of narrative units. These units are based on Carsten Springer’s (2001) elaboration on the theme of identity crisis in Auster’s fiction and made it possible to put different motifs into a context and convey the point of view of the text in a systematic way.

La sexualité des adolescents a fait l’objet de recherches intensives suivante santé et l’éducation en raison de vulnérabilités inhérentes de ce groupe présente autant que ses conséquences. Souvent, ces vulnérabilités que les grossesses non désirées, l’avor-tement à risque et les maladies sexuellement transmissibles découlent d’un manque d’information, car un dialogue minuscule sur la sexualité des voies est perçue dans le contexte familial, ainsi qu’au système scolaire où la seule place à ces sujets sont à la science classes de la prérogative du contexte biologique sans pensée et de considé-rations à des approches historiques, la sexualité socio-culturelle et affective. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse a cherché à comprendre les conceptions des adolescents et des élèves adolescents sur la sexualité, l’identification des différentes formes d’accès à cette connaissance, repérer ceux inhérents à l’adulte de référence. Il traite d’une recherche quantitative -qualitative lieu avec les élèves adolescents à l’école primaire municipale de Belo Jardim - Pernambuco et le réseau de l’État et Uruguaiana - Rio Grande do Sul à partir de Novembre 2014 pour Avril 2015. Participants sujets traités avec 38 élèves des deux sexes et des adolescents âgés de 10-16 ans. Pour la collecte des données, nous avons utilisé un questionnaire appliqué seulement après la signature de la convention d’engagement libre et informé - consentement éclairé par les parents et / ou tuteurs et du consentement par les adolescents. Avant la collecte a été réalisée essai pilote visant a tester l’instrument d’enquête d’évaluer la clarté des questions et l’efficacité de l’outil. Les données recueillies ont été analysées en utilisant l’analyse de contenu Bardin, afin de les catégoriser. Avec le résultat de l’analyse, il est devenu clair que / adolescents sont dangereux de vivre leur sexualité pleinement, autonome et responsable à la place perméat le domaine des idées fausses de la sexualité qui sont associés exclusivement à des relations sexuelles, ainsi que des relations sexuelles étroite avec le seul but de l’élevage. Nous avons constaté que les adolescents / ont encore des doutes et des craintes au sujet des questions entourant la sexualité, ainsi que l’ignorance promotion de leur santé et prévenir les vulnérabilités. Nous avons constaté que le développement de l’éducation sexuelle dans le contexte de l’école est encore timide et l’isolement des services de la famille et de santé, ainsi que peu d’influence des professionnels de la santé dans la construction de conceptions / adolescents sur la sexualité, la promotion de la santé et de prévention des maladies. Nous concluons qu’il ya des lacunes qui doivent être comblées, visant l’accès à plus d’informations sur la santé sexuelle et reproductive, la prévention des maladies sexuellement transmissibles et de la construction d’une sexualité libre de préjugés, de doutes et de craintes. / A sexualidade na adolescência tem sido objeto de debate tanto no seguimento da saúde como na educação devido as vulnerabilidades inerentes a este grupo e suas consequências. Muitas vezes, as vulnerabilidades como gravidez não planejada e precoce, aborto inseguro e doenças sexualmente transmissíveis decorrem da falta de informações, tendo em vista o ínfimo diálogo no trato da sexualidade no contexto familiar, assim como na escola onde muitas vezes o único lócus destinado ao tema são nas aulas de ciências pautadas na prerrogativa do contexto biológico, e a seu turno, não havendo reflexão e ponderações aos enfoques histórico, sociocultural e afetivo da sexualidade. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação buscou compreender as concepções dos adolescentes e das adolescentes escolares sobre sexualidade, categorizando as diversas formas de acesso a esse conhecimento, ao pontuar aqueles inerentes aos adultos de referência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualititativa, realizada com adolescentes escolares da rede municipal de ensino fundamental de Belo Jardim - Pernambuco e da rede Estadual de Uruguaiana - Rio Grande do Sul no período de novembro de 2014 a abril de 2015. Participaram da pesquisa 38 adolescentes escolares do gênero masculino e feminino na faixa etária entre 10 a 16 anos. Para coleta dos dados, utilizou-se um questionário aplicado apenas após assinatura do Termo de Compromisso Livre e Esclarecido – TCLE pelos pais e/ou responsáveis e o Termo de Assentimento pelos adolescentes. Antes da coleta dos dados, vislumbrou-se um teste piloto, visando testar o instrumento de pesquisa avaliando a clareza das perguntas e a eficácia do instrumento. Os dados coletados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin, visando à categorização dos mesmos. Com o resultado da análise, foi possível evidenciar que os/as adolescentes não estão seguros para vivenciarem sua sexualidade de forma plena, autônoma e responsável, ao contrário, permeiam pelo campo das concepções equivocadas da sexualidade onde associam exclusivamente à relação sexual, assim como estreita relação da sexualidade com o objetivo de apenas procriar. Verificamos que os/as adolescentes ainda apresentam dúvidas e medos quanto as questões que envolvem a sexualidade, assim como autonomia para adotar comportamentos para a promoção de sua saúde e prevenção das vulnerabilidades. Verificamos que o desenvolvimento da educação sexual no contexto escolar ainda encontra-se tímida e de maneira isolada da família e dos serviços de saúde, além da pouca influência dos profissionais de saúde na construção das concepções dos/as adolescentes sobre sexualidade, promoção da saúde e prevenção de doenças. Concluímos que existem lacunas que necessitam serem preenchidas, objetivando um acesso à mais informações sobre saúde sexual e reprodutiva, prevenção de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis e construção de uma sexualidade livre de preconceito, dúvidas e medos. / Adolescent sexuality has been the subject of intensive research following health and ed-ucation due to inherent vulnerabilities this group presents as much as its consequences. Often, such vulnerabilities as unplanned pregnancy, unsafe abortion and sexually trans-mitted diseases stem from lack of information, because a tiny dialogue on sexuality tract is perceived in the family context, as well as at school system where the only room for these subjects are within science classes in the prerogative of the biological context with no thought and considerations to historical approaches, socio-cultural and affective sexuality. In this context, this thesis sought to understand the conceptions of adolescents and adolescent students about sexuality, identifying the various forms of access to this knowledge, pinpointing those inherent in reference adults. It deals with a quantitative -qualitative research held with adolescent students in the municipal primary school of Belo Jardim - Pernambuco and the State network and Uruguaiana - Rio Grande do Sul from November 2014 to April 2015. Participants subjects dealt with 38 adolescent male and female students aged between 10-16 years. For data collection, we used a questionnaire being applied only after signing the Free and Informed Commitment Agreement - Informed Consent by parents and / or guardians and the Consent Agree-ment by adolescents. Before the collection was conducted pilot test aimed at testing the survey instrument assessing the clarity of the questions and the tool’s effectiveness. The collected data were analyzed using Bardin content analysis, in order to categorize them. With the result of the analysis, it became clear that / adolescents are unsafe to experience their sexuality fully, autonomous and responsible instead permeate the field of misconceptions of sexuality which are associated exclusively to sexual intercourse, as well as close sexual relationship with the only purpose of breeding. We found that the / adolescents still have doubts and fears about the issues surrounding sexuality, as well as ignorance promoting their health and prevent vulnerabilities. We found that the development of sex education in the school context still is shy and isolation from family and health services, as well as little influence of health professionals in the construction of conceptions / adolescents about sexuality, health promotion and prevention of dis-eases. We conclude that there are gaps that need to be filled, aiming access to more information about sexual and reproductive health, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and building a sexuality free of prejudice, doubts and fears. / La sexualidad de los adolescentes ha sido objeto de una intensa investigación siguiendo la salud y la educación debido a las vulnerabilidades inherentes a este grupo presenta tanto como sus consecuencias. A menudo, las vulnerabilidades tales como el embarazo no planificado, el aborto inseguro y las enfermedades de transmisión sexual se deben a la falta de información, ya que un pequeño diálogo sobre las vías de la sexualidad se percibe en el contexto familiar, así como en el sistema escolar, donde el único espacio para estos sujetos están dentro de la ciencia clases en la prerrogativa del contexto biológico sin pensar y consideraciones a los enfoques históricos, la sexualidad socio-cultural y afectiva. En este contexto, esta tesis trató de comprender las concepciones de los adolescentes y estudiantes adolescentes sobre la sexualidad, la identificación de las diferentes formas de acceso a este conocimiento, la localización de las inherentes a los adultos de referencia. Se trata de una investigación cuantitativa -qualitative celebrado con estudiantes adolescentes en la escuela primaria municipal de Belo Jardim - Pernambuco y la red estatal y Uruguaiana - Rio Grande do Sul, de noviembre de 2014 y abril de 2015. Participantes temas tratados 38 adolescentes varones y mujeres estudiantes con edades comprendidas entre 10-16 años. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó un cuestionario que se aplica sólo después de la firma del Acuerdo de Compromiso, libre e informado - Consentimiento informado por los padres y / o tutores y el Acuerdo de Consentimiento por los adolescentes. Antes de la recolección se llevó a cabo la prueba piloto destinado a probar el instrumento de la encuesta para evaluar la claridad de las preguntas y la eficacia de la herramienta. Los datos recogidos fueron analizados mediante el análisis de contenido de Bardin, con el fin de clasificarlos. Con el resultado del análisis, se hizo evidente que / los adolescentes no son seguros para experimentar su sexualidad plenamente, autónoma y responsable en lugar impregnan el ámbito de las ideas equivocadas de la sexualidad que se asocian exclusivamente a las relaciones sexuales, así como la relación sexual íntima con la única finalidad de la cría. Hemos encontrado que los / las adolescentes todavía tienen dudas y temores acerca de las cuestiones relacionadas con la sexualidad, así como la ignorancia que promuevan su salud y prevenir vulnerabilidades. Encontramos que el desarrollo de la educación sexual en el contexto escolar aún es tímido y el aislamiento de los servicios familiares y de salud, así como poca influencia de los profesionales de la salud en la construcción de concepciones / adolescentes acerca de la sexualidad, promoción de la salud y prevención de enfermedades. Llegamos a la conclusión de que hay vacíos que deben ser llenados, con el objetivo de acceso a más información sobre la salud sexual y reproductiva, la prevención de enfermedades de transmisión sexual y la construcción de una sexualidad libre de prejuicios, dudas y temores.

O trabalho apresenta uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a relação entre cinema, história e ensino de história e a reflexão sobre a forma como o cinema tem sido utilizado como recurso pelos professores de história. A partir da revisão, de entrevistas com colegas professores e alunos construiu-se uma proposta pedagógica de uso do cinema para abordar o tema da Pluralidade Cultural no contexto dos Temas Transversais. A proposta pedagógica lança reflexões sobre as possibilidades de uso do cinema e de outras fontes dentro de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar e que dá à Pluralidade Cultural espaço para fazer parte do currículo escolar no curso do ano letivo, retirando do tema o caráter de currículo eletivo, que aparece ocasionalmente como curiosidade no currículo escolar. Considerando o fato de que Pluralidade Cultural é um tema amplo, escolhi abordar o sincretismo religioso. A partir das relações entre cinema e história, esta proposta pretende contribuir para que estudantes da educação básica reflitam sobre o caráter móvel da cultura e das diferentes religiões. / This dissertation presents a bibliographic review of the relationship between cinema, history and history teaching, and a reflection on how cinema has been used as a teaching resource for history teachers. Based on this review, interviews with fellow teachers and students we aimed at developing a pedagogical proposal for using cinema as a means for approaching the subject “Cultural Pluralism” in the context of the “Tranversal Themes”. The pedagogical proposal evokes reflections on the possibilities of using cinema and other sources within an interdisciplinary perspective, giving Cultural Pluralism a space in school curriculum throughout the year, thus removing its character of an elective subject, appearing occasionally as a mere curiosity. Taking into account that Cultural Pluralism is a broad theme, I chose to approach the issue of religious syncretism. By looking at the relationships between cinema and history, this proposal intends to be a contribution for students from basic education, so they can reflect on the shifting character of culture and different religions.

O presente trabalho versa sobre a escrita da História em dois jogos digitais baseados na temática da Revolução Francesa. Os artefatos analisados foram Tríade: liberdade, igualdade e fraternidade e Assassin’s Creed Unity. O primeiro, produzido pela Universidade do Estado da Bahia (UNEB), no contexto de uma chamada pública para financiamento governamental de jogos digitais com destinações educacionais. O segundo, desenvolvido por um dos maiores estúdios criadores de jogos digitais do mundo, a Ubisoft. O foco da pesquisa se concentrou na análise das concepções de tempo e de História presentes nos dois produtos, de modo que isso possa contribuir com professores que pretendam utilizá-los como recursos didático-pedagógicos no ensino de História. Para realizar a pesquisa foi necessário jogá-los, sob um olhar atento para as imagens, a paisagem sonora e a narrativa interativa, característica desse tipo de artefato digital. Os resultados da investigação sugerem que existem semelhanças nas concepções de História nos dois jogos, pois ambos apresentam certo apego a um tipo de História dos grandes homens e dos grandes acontecimentos. Mas positivamente, o jogo educacional possui uma personagem feminina como protagonista da narrativa, ao contrário do comercial, em que é essencialmente masculino. Por outro lado, o jogo produzido pelo grande estúdio, possui uma complexa concepção temporal, apresentando ao jogador múltiplas temporalidades simultâneas, mas o jogo educacional, tem predominantemente uma concepção linear de tempo histórico. É fundamental, portanto, em caso de utilização como recurso didático-pedagógico no ensino de História, a intervenção do professor para sanar os limites desses artefatos, de maneira que os estudantes construam conhecimento histórico. / This paper deals with the writing of History in two digital games based on the theme of the French Revolution. The artifacts analyzed were Tríade: liberty, equality and fraternity and Assassin's Creed Unity. The first, produced by the University of the State of Bahia (UNEB) in the context of a public call for government funding of digital games with educational destinations. The second, developed by one of the world’s greatest creator studios of digital games. The aim of the research focused on the analysis of the concepts of time and History presented in both products, so that it may contribute to teachers who wish to use them as a teaching-learning resource in the teaching of History. To conduct the survey, it was necessary to play them under a closer look at the images, the soundscape and interactive narrative, characteristics of this type of digital device. The research results suggest that there are similarities in the concepts of History in the two games, as both have a certain attachment to a kind of History of great men and great events. However, in a positive way, the educational game has a female character as the protagonist of the narrative, unlike the commercial in which is essentially male. On the other hand, the game produced by the large studio, has a complex design of time, presenting to the player multiple simultaneous time frames, but the educational game has a predominantly linear conception of historical time. It is essential, therefore, when using as a didactic-pedagogic resource in teaching History, teacher intervention to remedy the limitations of these devices, so that students build historical knowledge.

In the British Empire many revolutionary changes took place from the 1850s. In my thesis I focused on the analysis of those issues and phenomena which are sufficiently reflected in the English-language belles-lettres, along with a comparison of topics in a historical context in those thematic areas where the comparison is possible, but even in those where possibility of feedback is missing. Given the specificity of the whole work is an introduction and conclusion concerns the question of literary texts as a study of sources. The aim is to answer the question whether the use of belles-lettres as a source in this particular topic is possible, and if so, under what conditions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:30:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Julciane Castro da Rocha.pdf: 1005141 bytes, checksum: c704e2da264207f2bf84e0417eca5fca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research aims to identify, analyze and discuss, in light of theory, the different manners used to approach the subject of consumption in the Portuguese Language curriculum mediators in Middle School, which were created by the São Paulo Department of Educational Affairs, for the São Paulo Faz Escola Program, seeking to find answers to the following questions: What aspects of the subject of consumption are presented in the curriculum? Which aspects are missing? What kind of people are students expected to be after having this exact curriculum? To this end, the Portuguese Language Teacher s and Student s Books for Middle School were chosen as study objects. The qualitative method was selected for this research, along with some quantitative method akin, which were held through the exploratory research. Document retrieval was used to approach the universe of this study. In order to achieve the proposed goals, five chapters were developed, the first three addressing the theoretical basis. In the first chapter, a historical review of Curriculum Studies was made, so as to situate our research within the critical theories later on. Still in this chapter, the concepts that underlie our research are introduced, such as prescribed curriculum and the curriculum presented to the teachers staff (GIMENO SACRISTÁN, 2000). In the second chapter, the thinking of some authors that focused on reasoning about education as a privileged space for awareness, building citizenship and social transformation, as Freire (2001, 2002, 2005), Cortella (2008), among others, are presented. The third chapter is devoted to the deepening socio-historical and theoretical work on consumption, through the writings of Hobsbawm (2000), Marx (1996), Löwy (2000), Barbosa (2008) and Lara (2009). The fourth chapter focuses on the contexts of our research, data collection and interpretation of results in light of theory. In the last chapter, considerations about the process of this research are made, at the same time that the results analysis and our outlook on including the subject of consumption in the curriculum are presented with a critical eye / Esta pesquisa objetiva identificar, analisar e discutir, à luz da teoria, como se configura a abordagem do tema do consumo nos mediadores curriculares de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental Ciclo II produzidos pela Secretaria de Estado da Educação de São Paulo, no programa São Paulo faz Escola , visando encontrar respostas para as seguintes questões: Que aspectos do tema do consumo estão presentes neste currículo? Quais estão ausentes? Que tipo de pessoa este currículo pretende formar? Para tanto, os Cadernos do Professor e os Cadernos do Aluno da disciplina de Língua Portuguesa do Ensino Fundamental - Ciclo II foram escolhidos como objeto de estudo. Como metodologia, optamos pela abordagem qualitativa, com alguns subsídios da abordagem quantitativa, que se realizou por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória. O procedimento utilizado para aproximação do universo pesquisado foi a pesquisa documental. Com a finalidade de atingir os objetivos propostos, elaboramos cinco capítulos, sendo os três primeiros de base teórica. No primeiro capítulo fizemos uma retrospectiva histórica dos estudos na área de currículo para, em seguida, situar nossa pesquisa dentro das teorias críticas. Neste capítulo também apresentamos conceitos que permeiam nossa pesquisa, como currículo prescrito e o currículo apresentado aos professores (GIMENO SACRISTÁN, 2000). No segundo capítulo, apresentamos o pensamento de alguns autores que se debruçaram na tarefa de pensar a educação como um espaço privilegiado para a conscientização, construção da cidadania e a transformação social, como Freire (2001, 2002, 2005), Cortella (2008), entre outros. O terceiro capítulo dedicou-se ao aprofundamento sócio- histórico e teórico sobre o consumo, por meio dos escritos de Hobsbawm (2000), Marx (1996), Löwy (2000), Barbosa (2008) e Lara (2009). O quarto capítulo teve como enfoque o contexto da pesquisa, o levantamento dos dados e nossa interpretação dos resultados obtidos, à luz da teoria. No último capítulo tecemos algumas considerações sobre o processo de elaboração desta pesquisa, nossa análise dos resultados e perspectivas para se pensar a inserção do tema do consumo no currículo sob um olhar crítico

La présente recherche s’interroge sur la présumée dichotomie entre les alternances et les généralisations de surface dans le cadre théorique de la grammaire de constructions. Plus précisément,l’objectif de cette thèse est ternaire. Par l’analyse attentive d’une grande quantité de données, nous faisons une description détaillée de l’alternance causative en anglais (The fabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), nous proposons une méthode qui permet de mesurer la force d’alternance des verbes ainsi que la quantité de sens partagée entre les deux constructions, et, enfin, nous montrons que si l’on veut rendre compte des contraintes au niveau de la construction, l’on doit alors prendre en compte les généralisations de plus bas niveau, telles que les interactions entre le verbe et ses arguments dans le cadre de chaque construction. Afin d’ajouter au débat entre alternance et généralisations de surface, nous proposons une analyse détaillée des deux constructions qui forment l’alternance causative en anglais : la construction intransitive non-causative d’une part et la construction transitive causative de l’autre.Notre but est de mesurer la quantité de sens partagée par les deux constructions mais aussi démontrer en quoi ces deux constructions diffèrent. Dans cette optique, nous prenons en compte trois éléments: construction, verbe et thème (i.e. l’entité sujette à l’évènement dénoté par le verbe). Nous utilisons la sémantique distributionnelle pour la mesure des similarités sémantiques entre les divers thèmes employés avec chaque verbe dans chaque construction dans notre corpus.Ce groupement sémantique met en lumière les différents sens verbaux employés avec chaque construction et nous permet d’établir des généralisations quant aux contraintes qui s’appliquent au thème dans chaque construction. / The present research takes issue with the supposed dichotomy between alternations on the onehand and surface generalisations on the other, within the framework of construction grammar.More specifically the aim of this thesis is threefold. Through the careful analysis of a largedataset, we aim to provide a thorough description of the causative alternation in English (Thefabric stretched vs. Joan stretched the fabric), suggest a method that allows for a solid measure ofa verb’s alternation strength and of the amount of shared meaning between two constructions,and finally, show that in order to capture constraints at the level of the construction, one mustpay attention to lower level generalisations such as the interaction between verb and argumentswithin the scope of each construction.In an effort to add to the discussion on alternation vs. surface generalisations, we propose adetailed study of the two constructions that make up the causative alternation: the intransitivenon-transitive causative construction and the transitive causative construction. Our goal is tomeasure the amount of meaning shared by the two constructions and also show the differencesbetween the two. In order to do so we take three elements into account: construction, verband theme (i.e. the entity that undergoes the event denoted by the verb). We use distributionalsemantics to measure the semantic similarity of the various themes found with each verb andeach construction in our corpus. This grouping highlights the different verb senses used witheach construction and allows us to draw generalisations as to the constraints on the theme ineach construction.