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Hållbarhet har blivit ett aktuellt ämne inom de flesta verksamheter och strävan är erhålla en ekonomisk vinning utan att äventyra naturresurser, människan och samhället. Verksamheters förmåga att distribuera gods säkert, snabbt och kostnadseffektivt är avgörande för internationell och inrikes handel och ekonomisk utveckling. Godstransporter är en stor källa till utsläpp av växthusgaser och därför är det viktigt att nya transportlösningar hittas för att minska de avtryck som godstransporter gör i en försörjningskedja. Användningen av så kallade högkapacitetsfordon, HCT-fordon, förväntas öka då möjligheten att köra lastbilar som överskrider EU:s dimensioner för längd, bredd och vikt kan medföra ökad effektivitet och reducerad miljöpåverkan. Även konceptet torrhamnar, det vill säga en anläggning med en terminal som drivs likt en hamn, kan användas för att konsolidera gods, avlasta hamnen och öka intermodaliteten hos godset. Intermodalitet innebär att godset fraktas från A till B med hjälp av en kombination av flera olika typer av fraktsätt, exempelvis sjö, tåg och lastbil.   Följande rapport kartlägger hur en samverkan mellan högkapacitetsfordon och torrhamnar skulle kunna se ut. Detta genomförs med hjälp av att utifrån hållbarhetsmodellen triple bottom line som avser de tre dimensionerna ekonomi-, miljö- och sociala effekter, identifiera styrkor och svagheter hos begreppen. Med hjälp en teoretisk litteraturstudie, en fallstudie av ETT-projektet, en observation av Skaraborg Logistics Center samt nio stycken intervjuer med experter inom området, analyseras effekterna av en samverkan mellan högkapacitetsfordon och torrhamnar.   Rapporten identifierar att bättre ekonomiska-, miljömässiga och sociala effekter nås om en torrhamn är kopplad till ursprungshamnen med järnväg snarare än med HCT-fordon. Ytterligare identifierad problematik där en torrhamn försörjs med HCT-fordon utgörs av de tillfälliga tillstånden för att få framföra de längre och tyngre lastbärarna. Analysen visar att för att uppnå en god effekt från en samverkan mellan HCT-fordon och torrhamnar krävs att varje begrepp ensamt uppnår de faktorer som krävs för god effekt.   Rapporten är avgränsad till att räkna allt gods som normalt gods, endast avse HCTtransporter på väg samt att förutsätta att svenska arbetsregler följs vid inrikes transporter på väg. Rapporten studerar inte detaljer kring potentiell utveckling inom tekniken, exempelvis säkerhetssystem, IT-system eller aerodynamik. / Sustainability has become a highly prioritized subject among most companies and the goal is to maintain financial value without jeopardizing nature's resources, neither human health nor the society. How safe, fast and cost efficient a company distribute their goods is crucial for international- and domestic trade as well as economic growth. Haulage is a great source of greenhouse gas emissions and therefore it is crucial that new solutions of transport are developed in order to reduce the negative footprint of haulage in a supply chain. The use of high capacity transporting (HCT) vehicles is assumed increase when the EU's dimensions for a truck’s length, width and weight are allowed. This exception from EN standards would lead to increased transport efficiency, economic efficiency and reduced impact on the environment. The logistical solution of dry ports, namely a port on inland, can be used to consolidate goods, unburden the port and increase intermodality within the goods. Intermodality is when goods is transported between its starting location to its end location using several different kinds of transport ways.  The following report maps how a synergy between high capacity vehicles and dry ports would look like. By using the triple bottom line sustainability model the report identifies strengths and weaknesses of the two concepts. The reports analysis is created from a theoretical literature study, a case study of the ETT project, an observation of Skaraborg Logistics Center and nine interviews with experts within the field. The report identifies that better economic, environmental and social effects are achieved if a dry port is connected to the port of origin by rail way rather than with HCT vehicles. Further identified problems is the temporary permit of conveying the longer and heavier vehicles. The analysis shows that in order to achieve a good effect from an interaction between HCT vehicles and dry ports, each term alone require that the necessary factors for good effect is fulfilled.  The reports limitations are to consider all goods being normal gods and only to consider HCT-vehicles, not HCT-haulage by rail way. The writers also make the assumption that Swedish rules of labor are applied on domestic transportations by road. The report does not study details within IT, security systems nor aerodynamic.

Cette thèse concerne l'investigation détaillée du problème du temps de zapping dans les réseaux d'opérateurs offrant un service IPTY basé sur la technologie multicast. Cette investigation a conduit à plusieurs contributions qui permettent de substantiellement améliorer le temps de zapping dans ce type de réseau. Notre première contribution concerne la partie purement réseau. Nous avons proposé d'optimiser le processus de changement de chaîne et ceci pour chaque version du protocole IGMP. Cette optimisation réduit la latence due au réseau sans pour autant augmenter la consommation de bande passante d'une manière significative. Nous avons modélisé le service IPTV Multicast pour estimer les pics de consommation de la bande passante pour permettre à l'opérateur de dimensionner son réseau. La deuxième contribution concerne la partie traitement du flux IPTV par le récepteur. Dans cette partie, nous avons proposé d'associer au flux principal un flux secondaire, version retardée du principal. La construction du flux secondaire se fait en donnant une priorité élevée aux paquets transportant des éléments d'une I-Frame par rapport à d'autres types d'éléments (P­ Frame, B-Frame, Voix et Data). Cette nouvelle règle de construction permet de réduire le délai d'attente de la première I­Frame nécessaire pour commencer la phase de décodage tout en réduisant le temps de remplissage du buffer. Dans un environnement réel, nous avons évalué cette contribution et constaté une réduction remarquable du temps de zapping. / This thesis involves a detailed investigation of the problem of IPTV zapping time in networks of operators providing IPTV service based on multicast technology. This investigation led to some contributions that can substantially improve the channel change time in this type of network.Our first contribution concerns the pure network. We proposed an optimization of the channels changing process for each version of the IGMP protocol. This optimization reduces network latency without significantly increasing the bandwidth consumption. We proposed also a model of multicast IPTV service that we used to estimate the maximum bandwidth demand. This model enables the operator to size the bandwidth availability in its network.The second contribution relates to the processing part of stream IPTV on the receiver. In this section, we proposed to combine the main flow to a secondary flow, delayed version of the main stream. The construction of the secondary stream is clone by giving high priority to packets carrying elements of an I-frame compared to other types of elements (P-Frame, B­-Frame, Voice and Data). This rule of construction can reduce the First I-Frame Delay required to start the decoding phase and at the same time reduce the Buffering Delay. In a real environment, we evaluated this contribution and measured a remarkable decline of the zapping time with our proposal.

L’archipel des Açores dans l’océan Atlantique est édifiées sur un épais plateau océanique, à proximité de la jonction triple entre les plaques Nord-américaine (Na), Nubienne (Nu) et Eurasienne (Eu). La formation du plateau et l’origine du volcanisme ont été le plus souvent attribués à la présence d’une instabilité mantellique. Cependant, la répartition et la morphologie des édifices volcaniques semblent avoir été grandement influencés par la déformation régionale liée à la migration de la frontière de plaque (Eu/Nu). En effet, la frontière serait passée d’une faille transformante aujourd’hui inactive, la zone de fracture est des Açores (EAFZ), à un rift ultra lent actif appelé le Rift de Terceira (TR).Lors de ce travail, nous utilisons le volcanisme comme marqueur de la déformation régionale. Nous nous intéressons particulièrement aux îles de S. Miguel et Graciosa, qui sont localisées à l’intérieur du TR, et à Santa Maria, une île volcanique éteinte qui se situe entre la EAFZ et le TR. De par leur position, ces trois îles constituent donc des cibles particulièrement appropriées afin d’étudier l’architecture et l’évolution de la frontière de plaque Eu/Nu durant les dernier Millions d’années. A partir de nouvelles données géomorphologiques, stratigraphiques, géochronologiques et tectoniques, couplées aux données bathymétriques et géophysiques disponibles, nous reconstruisons les étapes successives de construction et de démantèlement de ces îles puis discutons de leur signification géodynamique. Ces données sont ensuite complétées par des expériences de mécanique des fluides afin d’investiguer les liens possibles entre un panache mantellique, la migration de la frontière de plaque sur plusieurs échelles d’espace et de temps.Les résultats montrent que les édifices localisés dans le TR se construisent via des pulses volcaniques courts (<100 kyr) et relativement synchrones, séparés par des épisodes d’effondrements catastrophiques. Nous proposons qu’une telle évolution reflète des épisodes brefs et intenses de déformation régionale le long de la frontière de plaque active. La distribution des marqueurs tectoniques ainsi que leurs orientations N110 et N150 dans la partie Est de S. Miguel, nous conduit à proposer que l’extension oblique du TR est principalement accommodée par les failles bordières majeures du rift. Nous identifions une nouvelle tendance tectonique orientée N50° qui pourrait représenter des failles transformantes accommodant les variations d’obliquité du TR. L’activité de île de Santa Maria est ici datée entre 5.7 et 2.8 Ma. S. Maria a été façonnée par plusieurs effondrements sectoriels catastrophiques, le plus probablement déclenchés par les mouvements tectoniques régionaux. Nous identifions également une nouvelle structure de type graben reliant les îles de S. Maria et S. Jorge plus loin au NW. La forme de ce graben est semblable au TR et est située entre l’ancienne et la nouvelle frontière Eu/Nu. Nous interprétons ce graben comme un ancien rift transitionnel et donc comme une ancienne frontière de plaque Eu/Nu. A partir de nos données géochronologiques, nous proposons que la partie Est de ce rift transitionnel aurait migré vers la partie Est du TR entre 2.8 et 1.7 Ma.La migration de la frontière Eu/Nu a été interprétées par Vogt and Jung (2004) comme résultant de sauts successifs vers le NE de l’axe du Rift afin de maintenir sa position au dessus d’un point chaud fixe. Nos expériences de mécanique des fluides suggèrent que l’archipel des Açores, comme celui des Canaries, du Cap Vert, de Madère ainsi que les volcans sous marins de Great Meteor sont la signature en surface d’un groupe d’instabilités mantellique prenant naissance et remontant à partir du sommet d’un dôme thermochimique situé dans le manteau inférieur. De plus, Ces panaches secondaires pourraient être suffisamment faibles pour adapter leurs mouvements aux équilibres de forces pré-existants, notamment la structure et la morphologie de la lithosphère. / The Azores archipelago in the Atlantic comprises nine volcanic islands which developed on a thick oceanic plateau close to the Triple Junction between the North American (Na), the Nubian (Nu), and the Eurasian (Eu) lithospheric plates. The formation of the plateau and the origin of the volcanism remain controversial, but have been generally attributed to a plume-like mantle instability. However, the distribution of the volcanic edifices east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) appears greatly influenced by regional deformation associated with the northward migration of the Eu/Nu plate boundary from an extinct old transform fault, the East Azores Fracture Zone (EAFZ), up to the presently active ultra-slow Terceira Rift (TR). In this thesis, we use the volcanism as a marker for regional deformation. We especially focus on S. Miguel and Graciosa, which are located within the TR, and on S. Maria, an old volcanically extinct island located between the EAFZ and the TR. These three islands thus constitute particularly suitable targets to track the architecture and the evolution of the Eu/Nu plate boundary during the last few Myr. From new geomorphological, stratigraphic, geochronologic, structural/tectonic data, and existing bathymetric and geophysical data, we reconstruct the successive stages of growth and destruction of the islands, and discuss their geodynamic meaning. These data are then complemented by fluid dynamic modelling using laboratory experiments to examine the possible links between mantle instability, plate boundary migration and the development of the volcanism on various spatial and temporal scales.The new results on the islands show that the edifices located within the TR grew through short (<100 kyr) and partly synchronous volcanic pulses, separated by catastrophic sector collapses. We propose that such evolution reflects brief and intense episodes of regional deformation along the still active Eu/Nu plate boundary. The distribution of tectonic markers and the recognition of N110 and N150 tectonic structures in eastern S. Miguel leads us to propose that oblique extension in the TR is mainly accommodated by the master faults of the rift, and that the TR is presently not the locus of appreciable sea-floor spreading. Furthermore, we identify a new N050 trend, which may represent transform faults accommodating the variation in obliquity of the TR. The activity of S. Maria is here dated between 5.7 and 2.8 Ma. Like the recent islands, S. Maria experienced catastrophic flank collapses, most probably triggered by regional tectonics. We identify a new graben structure linking Santa Maria to the island of S. Jorge further NW. The shape of this graben is similar to the TR and it is located between the EAFZ and the current plate boundary. We interpret this graben as a former transient rift, and therefore an old Eu/Nu plate boundary. From the new data, we propose that the eastern part of the transient rift migrated to the eastern part of the TR between 2.8 Ma and 1.7 Ma.The overall migration of the Eu/Nu plate boundary to the north and the creation of the Azores plateau has been interpreted by Vogt and Jung (2004) as resulting from successive NE jumps of the rift axis to maintain its position over a fixed ‘hotspot’. Our fluid mechanics experiments suggest that the Azores, as Canary, Cape Verde, Madeira Islands and Great Meteor seamounts might be the surface signature of a cluster of mantle instabilities rising from the top of a large thermochemical dome located in the lower mantle. However, such secondary plumes present a strong time-dependence 5-40 Myr time scale. Moreover, they could be sufficiently weak to adapt their motions to the pre-existing force balances and morphology of the lithosphere. We therefore present a scenario of the Azores area evolution combining a triple junction and decompression melting buoyant material (i.e. such in volatiles and/or temperature) under a thickening lithosphere.

A epistasia tem sido considerada como um componente importante da herança de caracteres quantitativos, estando presente nos componentes de variância e covariância genética. No entanto, por ser desconsiderada na maioria dos modelos genético-estatísticos, seu impacto nos programas de melhoramento ainda é pouco conhecido. Além disso, como os programas de melhoramento de milho, em especial no Brasil, têm realizado seleção sob condições de estresse hídrico, é importante analisar o efeito desse estresse sobre a epistasia. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo a análise genética de caracteres quantitativos em milho, incluindo epistasia e epistasia pleiotrópica, em ambientes contrastantes para estresse hídrico. Foi utilizado o delineamento triple test cross modificado com testadores, em que cem progênies F2:3 foram retrocruzadas com suas linhagens genitoras L-08-05F e L-38-05D e sua geração F1. Posteriormente, as 300 progênies de retrocruzamento foram cruzadas com duas linhagens testadoras, L-02-03D e L-04-05F. Os testecrosses foram avaliados em dez ambientes no município de Piracicaba/SP, sendo cinco ambientes sem estresse hídrico e cinco com estresse hídrico, utilizando o delineamento &alpha;-látice em esquema fatorial com duas repetições por ambiente. Os caracteres analisados foram produção de grãos (PG), acamamento e quebramento de plantas (ACQ), prolificidade (PROL), altura da planta (AP) e da espiga (AE), posição relativa da espiga (PRE), florescimento masculino (FM) e feminino (FF) e intervalo entre florescimentos (IF). A presença de epistasia foi detectada para todos os caracteres. No entanto, os grupos de ambientes, sem e com estresse hídrico, e os diferentes testadores afetaram a detecção de epistasia para todos os caracteres, com exceção de PG, PROL e AP em que a epistasia foi detectada em todas as análises de variâncias conjuntas. A interação epistasia x grupos de ambientes foi significativa apenas para os caracteres PG e PROL dos testecrosses provenientes do testador L-02-03D (TC1) e AP e AE dos testecrosses provenientes do testador L-04-05F (TC2), enquanto que, a interação epistasia x testadores foi significativa para todos os caracteres. Os efeitos epistáticos de testecrosses referentes às plantas F2 significativos foram bidirecionais, com exceção do caráter PROL do TC2 no grupo de ambientes com estresse hídrico, em que os efeitos foram unidirecionais e positivos. Além disso, para cada testador e grupo de ambientes foram detectados efeitos epistáticos significativos para um grupo específico de testecrosses, ocorrendo variações na magnitude e/ou sinais dos testecrosses coincidentes. A presença de epistasia pleiotrópica foi detectada entre diversos pares de caracteres e, além disso, foi observada a formação de agrupamentos de caracteres relacionados, indicando que a epistasia pleiotrópica é modular, porém sofre influência do ambiente, presença ou ausência de estresse hídrico, e dos testadores. Portanto, na população analisada, a epistasia é um componente importante tanto da variância genética de caracteres quantitativos como da covariância genética entre caracteres, indicando que não considerá-la nas análises pode resultar em interpretações que não refletem a real complexidade do controle genético destes caracteres. / Epistasis has been considered an important part of quantitative traits inheritance and it is present in the components of genetic variance and covariance. However, its impact on breeding programs is still little-known because it is disregarded in most statistical genetic models. In addition, maize breeding programs, especially in Brazil, have been practicing selection under water stress conditions, so it is important to analyze the effects of these environments on epistasis. In this context, the objective of this study was to perform a genetic analysis of quantitative traits in maize, including epistasis and pleiotropic epistasis, in contrasting environments for water stress. The modified triple test cross design with testers was used, in which 100 F2:3 progenies were backcrossed to their parental inbred lines, L-08-05F and L-38-05D, and their F1 generation. Thereafter, the 300 backcrossed progenies were testcrossed to the inbred lines testers L-02-03D and L-04-05F. The testcrosses were evaluated in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, in ten environments, which five environments presented water stress and the other five not, in an &alpha;-lattice design on a factorial scheme with two replications by environment. The analyzed traits were grain yield (GY), root and stalk lodging (PL), ear per plant (EPP), plant height (PH), ear height (EH), ear placement (EP), days to anthesis (DA), days to silking (DS) and anthesis-silking interval (ASI). Epistasis was detected for all traits. However, the environmental groups and the different testers affected epistasis detection for all traits, except for GY, EPP and PH, in which epistasis was detected in all joint analysis of variance. The interaction epistasis x environments groups was significant only for GY and EPP of testcrosses from the tester L-02-03D (TC1) and PH and EH of testcrosses from the tester L-04-05F (TC2), whereas the interaction epistasis x testers was significant for all traits. The significant epistatic effects of testcrosses referring to F2 plants were bidirectional, except for EPP of TC2 in the water stress environmental group, where the effects were unidirectional and positives. Besides that, for each tester and environmental group, significant epistatic effects for a specific group of testcrosses were detected, occurring variation in magnitude and/or sign of coincident testcrosses. Pleiotropic epistasis was detected between many pairs of traits and it was observed formation of related traits clusters, suggesting that pleiotropic epistasis is modular, but the modules suffered influence of environments and testers. Therefore, in the population analyzed, epistasis is an important component of genetic variance of quantitative traits and also of genetic covariance between traits, showing that disregarding epistasis in analyses may result in interpretations that do not reflect the real complexity of the genetic control of these traits.

Este trabalho trata dos temas sustentabilidade, gestão de projetos e sucesso em projetos. Por abordá-los de forma conjunta, preenche uma lacuna de pesquisa que trata da conexão entre os três temas. O objetivo da tese, desenvolvida por artigos, é propor um modelo teórico e empírico de sustentabilidade aplicável no contexto de gestão de projetos e orientado para o sucesso em projetos. Como metodologia fez-se uso da abordagem combinada, envolvendo pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa com aplicação de multi métodos. A pesquisa qualitativa foi utilizada para a sistematização da literatura dos temas chaves e para o desenvolvimento de estudos de casos múltiplos com aplicação de entrevistas com gestores de projetos e de sustentabilidade, bem como aplicação de questionário aos membros de equipes de projetos. A pesquisa quantitativa foi utilizada para a realização de levantamento survey, com 143 gestores de projetos em empresas brasileiras, e análise estatística por meio da modelagem de equações estruturais, bem como foi aplicado o método de análise fatorial exploratória. Os constructos e variáveis do modelo teórico proposto, bem como os protocolos de pesquisa survey, foram validados por meio de um fórum com 11 especialistas oriundos de 10 universidades, localizadas em seis países diferentes. Como contribuições deste estudo pode-se destacar a estruturação do referencial teórico de sustentabilidade em gestão de projetos e de sucesso em projetos; a apresentação e validação da estrutura de um modelo teórico e empírico de constructos e variáveis de sustentabilidade com enfoque Triple-Bottom Line - TBL (econômica, ambiental e social) em gestão de projetos orientado ao sucesso em projetos; e, a validação estatística do relacionamento entre sustentabilidade em gestão de projetos e sucesso em projetos. Esta última relação foi confirmada pela alta significância da relação causal entre os constructos, pois sustentabilidade em gestão de projetos contribui positivamente para o sucesso em projetos, explicando 43% dos efeitos sobre sucesso em projetos. Em decorrência, foram desenvolvidos seis artigos científicos, alguns publicados e outros submetidos para periódicos internacionais. / This research looks to study sustainability, Project management and project success. Merging these themes, this thesis works on a gap of research related to approaching both topics. For that matter, this study, developed by articles model, aims to propose a theoretical and empirical framework of sustainability, applicable into project management context and oriented to project success. The combined approach was used as methodology, engaging qualitative and quantitative research by applying multi methods. Qualitative research was used to systematize the literature of key themes and to develop multiple case studies by applying semi-structured interviews with people responsible for projects and sustainability areas and questionnaire application to projects team members. Quantitative research was used to develop a survey involving 143 project managers in Brazilian companies. Statistics analysis was carried out in order to treat the data through structural equation modeling. Exploratory factor analysis was also used. Constructs and variables of the conceptual framework proposed, as well as the survey research protocols, were validated by experts through and expert panel of eleven experts from ten universities and six different countries. Contributions of this study may highlight the development of the bibliographic review of sustainability in project management and project success topics; the presentation and validation of the conceptual and empirical model of constructs and variables of sustainability (with triple-bottom line perspective) in project management oriented to project success; and the statistical validation of the relationship between sustainability in project management and project success. This relationship was confirmed by the high significance of the casual relation between both constructs, explaining that the constructs of sustainability in project management contributes positively to obtain project success. It was found that 43% of these constructs affect project success. At the end, six scientific articles were developed, and some of them were already published and others submitted to international journals.

A adoção de rotas tecnológicas ambientalmente sustentáveis é uma estratégia acertada para empresas que queiram manter ou melhorar suas posições de mercado e contribuir para a prevenção e adaptação às mudanças climáticas globais. É nessa perspectiva da inovação e da sustentabilidade que este estudo avaliou a influência da cooperação em P&D e das ecoinovações sobre o desempenho socioeconômico de 221 fabricantes de produtos elétricos e eletrônicos. As teorias de Gaia, do Holismo e a teoria evolucionária da inovação predominantemente orientaram o estudo. Os dados foram coletados em 2017 e processados via SmartPLS®3. Por meio da técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais o modelo conceitual do estudo foi validado com 99% de confiabilidade (p<0,01), demonstrando com originalidade que a cooperação em P&D e as ecoinovações explicaram satisfatoriamente em 51,3%o desempenho socioeconômico das empresas pesquisadas. Três hipóteses comprovaram que a cooperação em P&D com parceiros tecnológicos influenciou positivamente a introdução de ecoinovações de produto, ecoinovações de processo e ecoinovações organizacionais nas empresas investigadas. Duas hipóteses comprovaram que ecoinovações de produto e ecoinovações organizacionais influenciaram positivamente o desempenho socioeconômico das empresas. Uma hipótese não comprovada demonstrou que ecoinovações de processo não influenciaram positivamente o desempenho socioeconômico das empresas. Dos atributos de ecoinovação, três não foram validados estatisticamente: a simplificação das embalagens, a simplificação da construção e a eficiência energética dos produtos desenvolvidos. Apesar de os atributos não validados demonstrarem atraso tecnológico dos produtos elétricos e eletrônicos, há predominância de uma rota tecnológica ambientalmente sustentável nas empresas, o que é um visível diferencial competitivo. São notáveis as implicações deste estudo a partir dos emergentes paradigmas da economia circular e da economia verde. Se cooperação em P&D e ecoinovações permitiram resultados socioeconômicos satisfatórios, em empresas distintas usuárias de minerais e de energia elétrica, então cai por terra o paradigma da inovação poluidora, que ignora que recursos naturais são finitos. Fica evidente que o paradigma Triple Bottom Line, que considera o equilíbrio entre as dimensões ambiental, social e econômica, possui base viável para a indústria do terceiro milênio. Emerge nas empresas a responsabilidade de ancorar a mudança tecnológica em todos os elos de suas cadeias de valor, desde a extração de matérias primas da natureza até a educação de consumidores para o uso e descarte consciente de produtos. É possível sugerir que não corrigir a rota tecnológica baseada no paradigma econômico dos excessos sobre os recursos planetários pode ser qualificado como responsabilidade corporativa de lesa ao Planeta. Ademais, indústrias e cadeias de valor de base poluidora parecem estar fadadas ao desaparecimento. Os resultados deste estudo são restritos à amostra de indústrias investigadas no Brasil. Temas com potencial de pesquisa emergem em simbiose e biomimética industrial, sistemas de ecoinovação em Smart Cities, ecoinovação social, ecoinovação de marketing e ecoinovações na Indústria 4.0. / The adoption of environmentally sustainable technology routes is a sound strategy for companies that want to maintain or improve their market positions and contribute to the prevention and adaptation to global climate change. In this perspective of innovation and sustainability, this study evaluated the influence of cooperation in R & D and of eco-innovations on the socioeconomic performance of 221 manufacturers of electric and electronic products. The theories of Gaia, Holism and the evolutionary theory of innovation predominantly guided the study. Data were collected in 2017 and processed via SmartPLS®3. Through the Structural Equation Modeling technique, the conceptual model of the study was validated with 99% reliability (p<0,01), showing with originality that the cooperation in R & D and the eco-innovations satisfactorily explained the socio-economic performance of the companies surveyed in 51.3%.Three hypotheses have proved that cooperation in R & D with technological partners positively influenced the introduction of product eco-innovations, process eco-innovations and organizational eco-innovations in the companies investigated. Two hypotheses have shown that product eco-innovations and organizational eco-innovations have positively influenced the companies\' socioeconomic performance. An unproven hypothesis showed that process eco-innovation has not positively influenced the companies\' socioeconomic performance.From the eco-innovation attributes, three have not been statistically validated: the simplification of packaging, the simplification of construction and the energy efficiency of developed products. Although the non-validated attributes demonstrate technological backwardness of the electrical and electronic products, there is a predominance of an environmentally sustainable technological route in companies, which is a visible competitive edge. The implications of this study are noteworthy from the emerging paradigms of the circular economy and of the green economy. If cooperation in R & D and eco-innovations have enabled satisfactory socioeconomic outcomes, in companies which are distinct users of minerals and electricity, then it falls down the paradigm of polluting innovation that ignores that natural resources are finite. It is clear that the Triple Bottom Line paradigm, which considers the balance between the environmental, social and economic dimensions, has a viable basis for the industry of the third millennium. Companies have the responsibility to anchor technological change at every link in their value chains, since the extraction of raw materials from nature up to the education of consumers for the conscious use and disposal of products. It is possible to suggest that not correcting the technological route based on the economic paradigm of excesses on the world\'s resources can be qualified as a harmful corporate responsibility to the Planet.In addition, polluter-based industries and value chains seem to be doomed to disappear. The results of this study are restricted to the sample of industries investigated in Brazil. Topics with potential for future research emerge in symbiosis and industrial biomimetics, eco-innovation systems in Smart Cities, social eco-innovation, marketing eco-innovation and eco-innovations in Industry 4.0.

Menschen teilen mit vielen Spezies die Fähigkeit, aus einer Menge von Objekten deren Numerosität zu extrahieren. Es wird angenommen, dass diese Fähigkeit die Grundlage für die Menschen eigene, symbolisch-mathematische Fertigkeiten bildet. Daher ist ein besseres Verständnis der neuralen Charakteristiken dieser Fähigkeit von großer Bedeutung. Eines der einflussreichsten Modelle (das Triple Code Modell-TCM) nimmt an, dass dieser evolutionär alte Mechanismus in horizontalen Anteil des intraparietalen Sulcus verortet werden kann, der die Bedeutung von Anzahl in einer format- und modalitätsunabhängigen Art und Weise repräsentiert (d.h., Größencode). Zusätzlich wird angenommen, dass Subtraktion auf eben dieser Fähigkeit aufbaut, wohingegen Multiplikation stärker auf phonologischen Verarbeitungsmechanismen beruht (d.h., verbaler Code). Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen beim Affen deuten auf einen gewissen Grad an Abstraktion von semantischer Größeninformation im parietalen Kortex hin. Jedoch wurde dies bisher nur für kleine Numerositäten ( / Humans as well as other animals are endowed with the capacity to extract the numerosity (i.e., the number of items) of a given set of objects. This capacity is thought to form the basis of human specific symbolic mathematical abilities. Hence, understanding its nature is of importance. One of the most influential models (The Triple Code Model) suggests that this evolutionarily ancient mechanism resides on the horizontal aspect of the intraparietal sulcus and represents number semantics in a format and modality independent fashion (i.e., magnitude code). In addition, subtraction is thought to rely more on this mechanism whereas multiplication relies more on phonological circuits (i.e., verbal code). Although there is evidence from non-human primate electrophysiology suggesting a certain degree of abstraction for number semantics in the parietal cortex, this was only found for small numerosities (

Stimuler la réponse immunitaire anti-tumorale constitue une voie d’avenir indiscutable pour le traitement des cancers. Aujourd'hui, les thérapies ciblées à base d'anticorps ont une place majeure dans l’immunothérapie des cancers du sein de par leur impact positif sur le pronostic des patientes. Cependant, les cancers du sein triple négatifs (TNBC) résistent aux innovations thérapeutiques actuelles, et, par défaut de traitement ciblé efficace, restent de sombre pronostic. Notre équipe développe des stratégies d’immunothérapie à base d'anticorps bispécifiques (bsFabs) conçus à partir de fragments d'anticorps de camélidés qui présentent la particularité de cibler simultanément les cellules immunitaires et tumorales. Ainsi, mon projet visait à évaluer le potentiel anti-tumoral de deux bsFabs sur des modèles précliniques de TNBC à travers leur capacité à activer et à rediriger le système immunitaire contre les cellules tumorales. La finalité du projet est de proposer un nouvel axe de thérapie ciblée susceptible d'améliorer le pronostic des patientes atteintes de TNBC. / Mounting evidence of the key contribution of NK cells in immunity against cancer has boosted the investigations on NK cell-based therapies. Among these strategies, monoclonal antibody-based therapeutics (mAbs) are currently the fastest growing segment of the medicine market. Despite therapeutic innovations, triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) remain insensitive to the current targeted or hormono-therapies. Our objective is to manipulate NK cell functions and tumor targets using an original format of nanobody-based bispecific antibodies (bsFab) to revert the dampened immune response for treating TNBC. Thus, we generate two bsFabs able to crosslink NK and tumor cells. NK antitumor effects driven by mAbs and bsFabs, alone or in combination, were investigated in vitro and in vivo on preclinical TNBC models. Here, we demonstrate the potential of bsFabs to enlarge the number of patients eligible for breast cancer immunotherapy and prompt to consider combination strategies.

Le point triple d’Hatay ne peut pas être décrit par un modèle simple à trois grandes plaques comme il était proposé par les études précédentes. Un modèle de bloc plus complexe est proposé dans cette étude en rajoutant les micros blocs d’Iskenderun et d’Amanous; la faille de Karasu et la faille de Karatas-Osmaniye ont été définies comme des failles individuelles et non pas comme l'extension d'autres failles majeurs dans la région. Notre modélisation assume que la jonction triple de Maras est formée par la connexion de et la faille de Karatas-Osmaniye (KOF) avec la faille de Karasu (KF) et la faille East Anatolienne (EAF). La KF montre un taux de glissement senestre de 4,0±1,0 mm/an et un comportement de compression, avec un taux de raccourcie de 2.1 à 2.7 mm/an, ce qui contredit la nature extensionnelle proposée par les études précédentes. L'EAF montre un taux pur de glissement latéral gauche de 9,0±0,3 mm/an sans extension ou compression significative, la DSF a un taux de glissement de 3,5±0,3 mm/an sur les segments nord et sud, la KOF a 3,6±0,7 mm/an; l'arc de Chypre a une déformation de compression clair avec un taux de glissement revers de 2.0 à 5.0 mm/an et sans significative dérochement. Les pôles relatifs d’Euler ont été estimés dans cette modélisation de blocs, nous définissons l’Euler pôle de l'Anatolie-Arabie à (27.61±0.98 °N, 45.127±2.45 °E, 0.391±0.056 °/Ma), et l’Euler pôle de Sinaï-Arabie à (31.012±1.51 °N, 46.464±4.44 °E, 0.202±0.067 °/Ma). / The Hatay Triple Junction (HTJ) cannot be described by a simple model with three major plates as proposed by previous studies. A more complex block model is proposed in this study by adding the Iskenderun block and Amanous micro block, the Karasu fault and Karatas-Osmaniye fault being defined as individual faults not as the extension of other major faults in the region. Our modeling assumes that the Maras triple junction is formed by the connection of the Karatas-Osmaniye Fault (KOF) with the Karasu Fault (KF) and the East Anatolian Fault (EAF). The KF shows a sinistral slip rate of 4.0±1.0 mm/yr and a compressional behavior with a compression rate of 2.1-2.7 mm/yr which contradicts the extensional nature proposed by previous studies. The EAF shows pure left lateral slip rate of 9.0±0.3 mm/yr with no significant extension or compression; the DSF has a slip rate of 3.5±0.3 mm/yr over the northern and southern segments; the KOF has a 3.6±0.7 mm/yr; the Cyprus arc has a clear compressional deformation with a revers slip rate of 2.0-5.0 mm/yr and with no significant strike-slip component. The relative Euler poles are estimated in this block modeling, we define the Anatolia-Arabia Euler pole at (27.61±0.98 °N, 45.127±2.45 °E, 0.391± 0.056°/Myr), and (31.012±1.51 °N, 46.464±4.44 °E, 0.202±0.067°/Myr) Sinai-Arabia Euler pole.