Ce travail propose une histoire du gouvernement de la ville de Cavaillon entre le milieu du XIIIe siècle et le début du XVe siècle. L’analyse conjugue deux perspectives : d’une part celle de la construction de son territoire par l’universitas et, d’autre part, celle du recours à l’écrit comme outil de gestion et de gouvernement. Cette approche permet de saisir les motifs et les outils de l’affirmation de la communauté et de comprendre les processus qui font évoluer les rapports sociaux qui la sous-tendent. La reconnaissance juridique de l’universitas par ses seigneurs ouvre la voie à la production d’un droit local dont l’application requiert la définition du territoire à l’intérieur du Comtat Venaissin. C’est ce processus qui, en associant le droit et l’écrit à la construction de l’espace, donne à la communauté d’habitants la possibilité d’exister à l’intérieur du système seigneurial et du gouvernement pontifical, en développant de nouvelles modalités d’appartenance sociale. / This study reconstructs the history of the urban government of Cavaillon between the mid-13th and the early 15th century from two complementary perspectives : on the one hand, through the building of a territory by the universitas and, on the other hand, through the use of written records in governments and administrative practices. This methodology enables a detailed understanding of the aims and means of assertion of the community and of the processes at work in the social relations which underlie it. The legal recognition of the universitas by its lordship opens towards the possibility of developing a local right, the enforcement of which requires the definition of a territory with set boundaries within the Comtat Venaissin. It is this process which, by associating legislation and records in the framing of a territory, allows the community to develop within the feudal and papal contexts by creating new definitions of social identity.

In present time, to be mobile, to be able to physically move from point A to point B is something taken for granted by a small minority of the world’s population, while the vast majority are caught within or between borders. How did we reach to this point? This study examines the lived experiences of (im)mobility in Jordan. It captures the experiences of Syrians who live in Jordan and who have been denied mobility because of their flight from their homeland. By means of an ethnographical approach this study challenges conventional conceptions of what it means to be displaced. Situating the understanding of displacement in relation to the modern nation state, territorial boundedness, national identity and geographical categorizations it ultimately lays the foundation for conceptualizing the relative human (im)mobility and its links to a historical past. Through travelling and living in Jordan periodically between 2017-2018, totalizing approximately 6 months, conducting semi-structured interviews and engaging in everyday social and contextual encounters, this study offers a more multifaceted understanding of what it means to be (im)mobile in present time, as additional to conventional scholarship. It ultimately demonstrates that displacement as we understand it today is inadequate and simplified, and as we reassess its components we are able to reconceptualize the understandings of relative human (im)mobility.

[pt] A identidade territorial portuguesa na cidade do Rio de Janeiro durante os primeiros anos do século XXI é o principal foco da pesquisa que tem como objeto as novas territorialidades da imigração portuguesa na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Para construir a proposta de buscar essa identidade, consideramos como elementos fundamentais os meios de comunicação e alguns aspectos da cultura. Quanto às migrações os dois principais períodos são: o primeiro momento representado pelas décadas de 1950/60 e o segundo momento, mais contemporâneo, as primeiras décadas do século XXI, sobretudo no pós 2008 com o agravamento da crise portuguesa e europeia. Através de ambos os momentos migratórios os portugueses constituíram no Rio de Janeiro, e também no Brasil e mundo, territórios, redes de comunicação e contribuições culturais para a formação das identidades territoriais portuguesas na cidade em questão. Portanto, além dos territórios transplantados (do primeiro momento migratório) e difusos (segundo momento) dos migrantes, o trabalho analisa a comunicação entre os territórios portugueses no Rio de Janeiro e também com Portugal. Como se articulavam e articulam esses múltiplos territórios-rede, o que partilham na comunicação, o que os caracteriza e os qualifica através dos meios de comunicação que utilizam. No que corresponde à cultura, analisamos a contribuição dos portugueses, para além da produção em Portugal, a cultura portuguesa no território carioca como meio de interpretação das identidades territoriais desse grupo de imigrantes no Rio de Janeiro. Por fim, a dissertação pretende apresentar algumas questões e considerações sobre a identidade portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro. / [en] The Portuguese territorial identity in the city of Rio de Janeiro during the first years of the twenty-first century is the main focus of the research that has as object the new Portuguese immigration territorialities in Rio de Janeiro city. To construct the proposal to search this identity, we consider as fundamental elements the means of communication and some culture aspects. As for migration, the two main periods are: the first moment represented by decades of 1950/60 and the second moment, more contemporary, the first decades of the twenty-first century, especially in the post 2008 with the worsening of the Portuguese and European crisis. Through both the migratory moments, Portuguese constituted in Rio de Janeiro, and also in Brazil and worldwide, territories, communication networks and cultural contributions to the Portuguese territorial identities formation in the city in question. Therefore, in addition to the territories transplanted (the first moment migration) and diffuse (second moment) of migrants, the paper analyzes the communication between the Portuguese territories in the state of Rio de Janeiro and also with Portugal. As these multiple territories-network if articulated and articulate, what they share in communication, what characterizes and qualifies them through the means of communication that they use. In which corresponds to the culture, we analyzed the Portuguese contribution, besides the production in Portugal, the Portuguese culture in the carioca territory as means of territorial identities interpretation of this group of immigrants in Rio de Janeiro. Finally, the dissertation intends to present some issues and considerations about the Portuguese identity in Rio de Janeiro.

Au cours des dernières décennies, l'utilisation généralisée des technologies numériques de communication dans la vie quotidienne a donné lieu à une nouvelle relation entre l'individu et le territoire. Cette relation, dans laquelle les différents acteurs sont de plus en plus intégrés, surpasse l'ancien paradigme dichotomique caractérisé par la relation l'homme versus la nature. De cette façon, une nouvelle notion d'environnement, interactif et intégrant de l'espace social surgit, résultat de la représentation technologique de la nature et du dialogue favorisé par les réseaux numériques avec le territoire. L'objectif général de cette recherche est d'étudier le phénomène imaginaire écologique contemporain à partir de la perspective de la contribution de nouvelles technologies de communication numérique aux formes de représentation de la nature et de l'interaction avec le territoire. À cette fin, les voies et moyens d'interaction entre les individus, les technologies de communication numérique et le territoire seront étudiés, compte tenu des exemples de l'utilisation pratique des technologies numériques déjà consolidés. D'après une étude participative sur les réseaux numériques, ainsi que des études de cas, nous avons l'intention d'approfondir l'étude sur la contribution des réseaux numériques comme un territoire informatif ouvert pour les changements par rapport à la sociabilité contemporaine et l'imaginaire écologique contemporain. / In recent decades, the widespread use of digital communication technologies in daily life gave rise to a new relationship between individual and territory. This relationship, in which different actors are increasingly integrated, surpasses the old dichotomous paradigm characterized by the man versus nature's relationship. Therefore, a new notion of environment, interactive and member of the social space is born as a result of technological representation of nature and the dialogue fostered by digital networks with the territory. The overall objective of this research is to investigate the contemporary ecological imaginary phenomenon from the perspective of the contribution of new digital communication technologies to the forms of representation of nature and interaction with the territory. To this end, the ways and means of interaction between individuals, digital communication technologies and territory will be studied, considering examples of practical use of digital technologies already consolidated. From a participatory study on digital networks, as well as case studies, we intend to further study on the contribution of digital networks as an open informative territory to changes in relation to contemporary sociability and contemporary ecological imaginary.

L’intérêt de la recherche porte sur le processus de territorialisation de l’action publique et plus particulièrement celle du système de santé français. En marge des territoires administratifs imposés par le haut apparaît le besoin d’identifier et de comprendre les logiques spatiales des acteurs locaux et des usagers, supposées alors mieux prendre en compte ces spécificités territoriales et ainsi ajuster les actions pour lutter contre les inégalités sociales de santé et d’accès aux soins. L’objectif est d’étudier la territorialisation au regard du processus de construction d’un territoire par les acteurs locaux et d’appropriation d’un outil d’action publique pour agir collectivement. Une première partie théorique présente et fait le lien entre les trois objets de recherche « territorialisation », « construction du territoire » et « appropriation d’un outil ». La deuxième partie présente les cas étudiés ainsi que les choix épistémologiques et méthodologiques. La focale est mise sur le déploiement d’un outil d’action publique, le Programme Territorial de Santé, sur deux territoires de santé. La troisième partie présente l’analyse des résultats issus des entretiens réalisés et de l’observation menée. L’objectif est d’identifier et de comprendre quels sont les leviers éventuels dont peuvent se saisir les acteurs locaux dans le processus de déclinaison de l’action publique. Enfin la quatrième partie, dans une logique discursive présente une reconsidération des dimensions du territoire construite afin de proposer un modèle articulant la dichotomie entre territoire prescrit et territoire émergent et prenant en compte les spécificités d’un outil public de territorialisation / This research focuses on public policy territorialisation. While administrative territories, such as health territories, are imposed via a top-down process, a bottom-up approach is also recognised as being necessary. Here, local stakeholder and user needs are identified and understood meaning that territory specificities are recognised, local public actions are adapted, social inequalities are tackled and access to care is facilitated. This work focuses on the construction process of one such territory by public and local actors. In order to increase knowledge the objective is to study this process in relation to the procedure of territory building by local stakeholders and the ownership of a public policy tool which will lead to collective action. The first section is theoretical and presents the links between the three research areas: territrialisation, territory construction and appropriation of a tool. The second part presents the epistemological and methodological choices and the case study. Focus is placed on the deployment of a public policy tool, in this case a territorial health programme, in two health territories. The third part presents an analysis of the results which include interviews and observation. Finally, the fourth section places the results in perspective. The dimensions of constructed territory are reconsidered so as to offer a model articulating the dichotomy between prescribed territory and emergent territory while taking into consideration the specificities of a public tool for regionalisation

Au Pays Basque de France, le nombre de bascophones ne cesse de diminuer. Pour autant, les dernières enquêtes sociolinguistiques présentent, chez les plus jeunes générations, une progression du nombre de locuteurs. Ce phénomène est en grande partie lié à la scolarisation en basque qui ne cesse de se développer. Entre les rentrées scolaires de 2004 et de 2016, les trois filières principales de l'enseignement en basque (bilingue publique, bilingue privée et immersion en ikastola) ont connu une augmentation de leurs effectifs de 68% tandis que le nombre d'enfants scolarisés au Pays Basque de France n'augmentait que de 6%. À l'heure où les échanges mondiaux favorisent l'acquisition de langues internationales, le succès de l'apprentissage d'une langue régionale interroge. Dans le cadre d'une intervention sociologique (qui a consisté à réunir 5 fois, durant près de deux heures, 5 groupes d’une dizaine de participants), nous avons, avec des parents ayant scolarisé leurs enfants en basque, analysé leurs pratiques. Nous avons ainsi pu définir le sens social de ce choix qui leur semblait a priori évident et personnel. En plus d’une volonté de s'inscrire dans la transmission de cette langue identitaire ou du fait de bénéficier des avantages liés au bilinguisme précoce, les parents rencontrés donnent une dimension plus militante à leur choix, dimension sous-tendue notamment par des principes universels (égalité des langues, respect des cultures, préservation du patrimoine mondial, etc.). Mais cet engouement pour la scolarisation en basque peut aussi se comprendre comme la volonté d'être acteur d'un nouveau projet social. Il apparaît que le choix de la scolarisation en basque n’est pas porté par une seule motivation mais relève d'une expérience sociale qui combine ces différentes logiques d'action. Nous cherchons dans cette thèse à identifier et analyser la pluralité des motivations évoquées par les parents, et à comprendre les liens qui les unissent dans une même expérience sociale. / In French Basque Country, the number of Basque speakers keeps decreasing. Yet, the last socio-linguistic surveys show that the number of speakers increases among the youngest generations. Such a growth is partly related to the growing enrolment of children in schools in Basque. Between the school years 2004 and 2016, the three main branches of schooling in Basque (the public one, the private one, and the immersive one in ikastola) show a dramatic increase of 68% of the number of pupils in French Basque Country, whereas the total number of pupils increases by 6% only. While globalisation strengthens international languages, the growing popularity for placing young children in schools in Basque in order to acquire a regional language is challenging.Thanks to a sociological intervention (which consisted in bringing together 5 groups of about 10 parents, and meeting them 5 times each, for 2 hours) we co-analysed the practices of parents who decided to place their children in schools in Basque. This way, we defined the social meaning of their choice, which, at first, could appear obvious and personal to them.The parents involved in the sociological intervention want to take part in the transmission of an identity-sensitive language. They want to take advantage of an exposure to a bilingual learning from an early age. But they also show a sort of activism by assuming universal principals (such as equality between languages, respect for cultures, preservation of the world’s heritage, etc.). Finally, the will to take an active part in a new social project can also be considered as a driver of the desire to place their children in schools in Basque.It appears that the choice to place children in schools in Basque is never driven by a single reason only. The motivation stems from a sociological experience that articulates the different logics previously mentioned. Here, we look for identifying and analysing the diversity of the reasons the parents give, and understanding the system that relates those reasons in a same social experience.

O presente trabalho analisa, interpreta e discute as análises do economista Celso Furtado quanto ao processo de construção do Estado nacional brasileiro desde o processo de industrialização dos anos 30, a partir de uma perspectiva de desenvolvimento de um sistema econômico e centros de decisão nacionais que vai se configurando com a industrialização. Consideramos necessário que a construção do Estado nacional, idéia central do trabalho a ser perseguido, culminou com as abordagens geográficas categoriais de nação, espaço, território, região presentes nos aportes teóricos de C. Furtado e que é um campo interpretativo de suma importância nas abordagens de análise da ciência geográfica. Analisamos o período dado por C. Furtado como de construção do Estado nacional a partir dos anos 30, do século passado; apontamos o arrefecimento do Estado nacional, nos governos militares e o seu desmanche nos governos neoliberais da década de 90. A partir destas constatações históricas observamos a necessidade intrínseca de retomada do desenvolvimento econômico brasileiro e o fortalecimento do Estado nacional como mecanismo de solidificação das estruturas da economia e da sociedade frente ao descontrole do capital. A direção é no sentido de mantermos a perspectiva de C. Furtado, de constituirmos uma Nação mais solidária em termos dos entes federativos e, sua inserção soberana na esfera internacional, ter uma ação com certo grau de protagonismo e soberania, no contato com outras nações-Estados. / This study examines, interprets and discusses the analysis of the economist Celso Furtado on the procedure for the construction of the brazilian national state since the industrialization process of the 30, from a perspective of developing an economic system and national centers of decision that goes is setting up with the industrialization. We consider that the construction of the national state, central idea of the work to be pursued, culminating with the approaches of geographical categorial - nation, space, territory, and region - in theoretical contributions of C. Furtado and is a field of great importance in interpretive approaches to analysis of geographical science. I reviewed the period given by C. Furtado as the construction of the national state from the 30s of last century, indicated the cooling of the nation-state, governments in the military and its dismantling of neoliberal governments in the 90s. Based on these findings historical look at the intrinsic need of resumption of economic development and strengthening of the brazilian national state as a mechanism of solidification of the structures of the economy and society uncontrolled front of the capital. Based on these findings historical look at the intrinsic need of resumption of economic development federal entities, and their integration into sovereign in the international sphere action with a certain degree of ownership and sovereignty, in contact with other nations-states.

Esta dissertação discute as transformações na economia e no território de áreas industriais, procurando apontar de que forma o poder público se utiliza dessas recentes transformações, como justificativa para intervenções urbanísticas nessas áreas, por meio da proposição do instrumento operação urbana consorciada. Circunscrevendo a pesquisa ao período de 1996 e 2001, analisamos os processos de transformação da indústria, bem como de sua territorialidade no Município de São Paulo, elegendo como estudo de caso a região delimitada como Operação Urbana Diagonal Sul. Essa região, abrange sete distritos, é caracterizada por períodos históricos e ocupações diversas, apresentando um extenso território, que se estende do centro de São Paulo, ao longo da ferrovia Santos-Jundiaí, até o limite do município. Sua escolha deve-se ao fato da área apresentar um número significativo de indústrias, que podem ser representativas das mudanças que ocorrem na cidade. A partir da análise de dados extraídos da Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista (PAEP), que é complementada pela aplicação de questionário e observações de campo, procuramos evidenciar as diferenças na intensidade de transformação da indústria, no Município de São Paulo e na área de estudo. Com uma melhor compreensão das dinâmicas do território analisado, discutimos que as tendências de saída e permanência das indústrias ocorrem com intensidades diferenciadas e, portanto, com necessidades também diferenciadas de intervenção. Dessa forma, problematizamos a pertinência do instrumento operação urbana consorciada, como a principal estratégia do poder público para realizar transformações estruturais na região. / This dissertation discusses the transformations in the economy and in the territory of industrial areas, aiming at showing the ways the government makes use of these transformations as a justification of urban interventions in these areas, through the proposal of joint urban operations. By limiting the period between 1996 and 2001, we have analyzed the processes of the industry transformation, as well the territory covered by it in São Paulo city, selecting as our case study the region known as Urban Operation South Diagonal (Operação Urbana Diagonal Su)l . This region consists of seven districts and is characterized by historical periods and different occupations. The area of this vast territory starts in the center of São Paulo, along with Santos-Jundiaí railway, and extends to the borders of the city. This choice is due to the fact that the area holds a great number of industries, which can be representative of the changes that take place in the city. Based on the analysis of data taken from Economic Activity Research of São Paulo state (Pesquisa da Atividade Econômica Paulista - PAEP), which is complemented by a questionnaire and field observation, we have sought to make evident the difference in the intensity of industry transformation, in São Paulo city and in the study field. With a better understanding of the dynamics and territory analyzed, we have discussed that the tendencies of exit and permanence of industries take place at different intensities, and therefore, with different needs of intervention. Thus, we have discussed the applicability of the joint urban operations instrument as the main strategy of the government to make the structural transformations in the region.

O modo de vida agroextrativista da sociedade tradicional da Reserva Extrativista do Cajari se constituiu com base na produção do território tradicional, cuja ocupação remete aos camponeses migrantes que foram escravizados na porção sul do Amapá a partir das primeiras décadas do século XIX, com base em relações de trabalho baseadas no aviamento. A partir da implantação do Complexo Agroindustrial Jari naquela região, em 1967, a população local fora ameaçada de expulsão de seu território, sendo que o objetivo geral desta pesquisa é analisar o conflito de terras que resultou na criação da referida reserva extrativista, abarcando os anos de 1960 e 2015 a fim de compreender-se os desdobramentos territoriais da criação da reserva extrativista, como a criação da Cooperativa Mista dos Produtores Agroextrativistas do Cajari (COOPERALCA) e a produção local de biscoitos de castanha. O método utilizado fundou-se na abordagem materialista e dialética da história, na teoria da criação e recriação do campesinato e no trabalho de campo vinculado ao relato etnográfico como proposta metodológica para o estudo a análise geográfica da reprodução territorial das sociedades tradicionais. Como técnicas de pesquisa, utilizamos a história oral, o levantamento bibliográfico, a pesquisa documental e a composição de séries fotográficas. Com a organização política daquela sociedade em torno do Conselho Nacional dos Seringueiros, o território tradicional fora juridicamente definido como reserva extrativista, garantindo-se a manutenção do território e do modo de vida agroextrativista. Ainda que diante da manutenção da venda de parte da produção extrativista local para atravessadores, como elemento não superado do aviamento, a criação da Reserva Extrativista do Cajari expressa uma das estratégias de recriação do campesinato, especificamente a partir da adoção de um modelo de unidades de conservação de uso sustentável. / The agroextractivist way of life of the Cajari River Extractivist Reserves traditional society was constituted based on the production of the traditional territory, whose occupation refers to the migrant peasants that were enslaved in the south portion of Amapá on the first decades of the 19th century, based on labor relations build on the aviamento. As of the establishment of the Jari Agroindustrial Complex in the region, in 1967, the locals have been threatened with expropriation of their territory and the general objective of this research is to analyze the land conflict that resulted in the founding of said extractivist reserve between the years of 1960 and 2015, reaching the territorial unfolding of the creation of the extractivist reserve, such as the founding of the Mixed Co-operative of Cajaris Agroextractivist Producers and the local production of nut biscuits. The used method was based on the materialistic and dialectic approach of history, on the creation and recreation theory of peasantry, and on the fieldwork linked to the ethnographic report as a methodological proposal for the study of the geographical analysis of the territorial reproduction of traditional societies. As research techniques, we used the oral history, bibliographical and documental research, and the composition of photographic series. With the political organization of that society around the National Council of Rubber Tappers, the traditional territory was legally defined as an extractivist reserve, securing the maintenance of the territory and the agroextractivist way of life. Despite the maintenance of the sale of part of the local extractivist production to middlemen, as an unresolved element of the aviamento, the creation of the Cajari River Extractivist Reserve expresses one of the strategies of recreation of the peasantry, specifically as from the adoption of a model of conservation units of sustainable use.

Esta é uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa elaborada através da metodologia de grupo focal em sua coleta de dados e da estratégia de análise textual para o corpus resultante da transcrição dos dados. Procurou-se neste trabalho indagar e escutar qual era a compreensão de monitores de espaços científicos de educação não formal sobre sua atuação junto ao ambiente e ao público. Além disso, buscou-se analisar as experiências narradas pelos monitores à luz da biologia cultural e identificar no discurso destes elementos relacionados ao seu \"encantamento\" pelas atividades desenvolvidas nos museus e centros de ciências. Percebe-se neste trabalho que a mediação humana é essencial no processo de transformação do indivíduo. Considerando o indivíduo não apenas o monitor ou o público, mas ambos. A mediação humana proporciona experiências de encantamento, mas o monitor pode também representar um papel de morte. O fenômeno social humano permeia todas as relações que se estabelecem entre os sujeitos, e estas podem caracterizar-se pela aceitação ou negação do outro. Na aceitação do outro, e de nós mesmos, podemos ter experiências de encantamento que de forma direta ou indireta atuam na tranformação pessoal e coletiva dos indivíduos sociais. Nesse contexto, a ação do monitor dentro de um espaço de educação não formal como museus ou centros de ciência pode ter resultados positivos ou negativos sobre o público atendido, além de gerar experiências de encantamento quando essas ações são positivas, as ações do monitor podem representar um papel de morte na vida de cada indivíduo que passa pelo museu. Diante dessa perspectiva inicial, surgiu neste trabalho o processo de conquista de território de um grupo de estudantes do curso de Licenciatura em Ciências da Natureza, da Escola de Artes, Ciências e Humanidades da Universidade de São Paulo, que participaram desta pesquisa. Esse processo envolveu a linguagem como parte de um fenômeno social, a ruptura de certos padrões de negação impostos por determinados grupos sociais ou instituições, experiências de encantamento que surgiram a partir dessas rupturas e de um ambiente de aceitação mútua que possibilita transformação pessoal e coletiva. / This is a qualitative research using focus group as methodology in its data collection and textual analysis as strategy for the corpus resulting from the transcription of the data. In this work we investigate the monitor\'s understanding about their activities in museums and science centers of non-formal education. The question was based on their perception about the space and the visitors. In addition, to analyze the experiences narrated by monitors in the light of cultural biology and to identify in the speech of these, some elements related to their \"enchantment\" by activities carried out in museums and science centers. We realize in this work that the human mediation is essential in the process of transformation of the individual. Considering the individual not just the monitor or the public, but both. The human mediation provides experiences of enchantment, but the monitor can also represent a part of death experiences. The social phenomenon permeates all human relationships that are established between the subjects, and these can be characterized by the acceptance or denial of the other. On acceptance of the other and of ourselves, we can have experiences of enchantment that directly or indirectly act on personal and collective transformation of social subjects. In this context, the action of the monitor within an area of non-formal education such as museums or science centers can have positive or negative results about the public answered, besides generating enchantment experiences when these actions are positive. On the other hand, the actions of the monitor can represent a part of death in the life of every individual that passes by the museum. On this initial perspective, in this work emerged the process of conquest of territory of a group of students of the course of degree in natural sciences, from the school of Arts, Sciences and Humanities of the University of São Paulo, who participated in this survey. This process involved the language as part of a social phenomenon, the rupture of patterns of denial imposed by certain social groups or institutions, experiences of enchantment that emerged from these ruptures and of an environment of mutual acceptance which results in a continuous process of personal and collective transformation.