Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-22T17:39:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianarodriguesdealmeida.pdf: 1765398 bytes, checksum: 5a96c4754a8dde57bc5321f28a7b2d65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-23T11:59:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianarodriguesdealmeida.pdf: 1765398 bytes, checksum: 5a96c4754a8dde57bc5321f28a7b2d65 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-23T11:59:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianarodriguesdealmeida.pdf: 1765398 bytes, checksum: 5a96c4754a8dde57bc5321f28a7b2d65 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-23T11:59:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabianarodriguesdealmeida.pdf: 1765398 bytes, checksum: 5a96c4754a8dde57bc5321f28a7b2d65 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O apelo à Memória, na contemporaneidade, tem chamado a atenção de muitos pesquisadores quanto aos seus usos e apropriações por parte de diferentes grupos e movimentos sociais, seja como forma de conter as avalanches de esquecimentos próprias de um mundo em constantes mudanças, seja como elemento de fortalecimento de identidades múltiplas. Os efeitos que tais discursos e práticas de Memória produzem na sociedade, normalmente, compõem o universo de significação do aluno, antes mesmo de ele entrar na escola e se deparar com o saber histórico de referência presente, por exemplo, nos livros didáticos de História. À luz de Pierre Nora, a relação entre História e Memória, enquanto campos de saberes específicos, mas que, em certa medida, se complementam, constitui o principal campo de reflexão nesta pesquisa. Considerando, sobretudo, a forma como esses saberes são refletidos no Ensino de História brasileiro. Portanto, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar o acervo de livros didáticos de História aprovados pelo Programa Nacional de Livro Didático 2011, a fim de perceber como a distinção entre os campos de saber da Memória e da História é evidenciada e teorizada pelos autores no interior dos livros didáticos de História. O percurso de investigação pautou-se, primeiramente, na leitura individual das dezesseis coleções didáticas de História, cada uma composta de quatro volumes referentes aos 6º, 7º, 8º e 9º anos do ensino fundamental, além dos 9 PPGE/UFJF – HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA NOS LIMITES DO (IN) VISÍVEL: Reflexões do saber histórico escolar nos livros didáticos de História. Manuais do Professor, a fim de perceber, através das regularidades e ausências, a frequência com que ambos os campos de saber são mobilizados conceitualmente e enquanto estratégia didática por parte dos autores para a formação do pensamento histórico. Posteriormente, tornou-se possível produzir um olhar de conjunto sobre o perfil das obras didáticas de História em circulação no território nacional, mapeando os cenários de invisibilidade ou visibilidade em que a distinção entre os campos da Memória e da História assumem nesses livros. Como fonte de embasamento teórico, busquei referências em autores que se dedicam especificamente aos estudos do campo da Memória. Entre eles, destaco os diálogos com Paul Ricoeur, para discutir as operações de lembranças e esquecimentos; Maurice Halbwachs, para pensar a questão da Memória como construção coletiva que se dá no interior de uma comunidade afetiva; Andreas Huysen e Michael Pollak, para discutir a temática da Memória na contemporaneidade. Entre outros grandes interlocutores, ressalto, também, o diálogo fundamental que estabeleci com o historiador Jorn Rüsen, dada a sua reflexão sobre os processos de formação da consciência histórica nos sujeitos, nos quais as operações de Memória assumem lugar de destaque. / The recurrence to memory, nowadays, has drawn researchers’ attention to their uses and appropriations by different groups and social movements as a way to contain the forgetting avalanche, typical of a constant changes’ world, also as an element of the multiple identities’ consolidation. The effects that such discourses and memory practices produce in the society, typically, make up the student’s universe of meaning, even before he enters school and face with their historical knowing reference, for example, in history textbooks. According to Pierre Nora, the relationship between history and memory, in the specific knowledge domain, but I some way complement each other, is the major consideration in this research, especially considering how such knowledge is reflected in the Teaching of History in Brazil. Therefore, this paper aims to examine the collection of history books, approved by the National Textbook 2011 in order to understand how the distinction between domain of memory and history knowledge is evidenced by the authors and theorized within of history textbooks. The investigation method was based, primarily, on sixteen teaching history collections individual reading, each consisting of four volumes, on the 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th primary education grades, in addition to the Professor’s Manual, in order to realize through the regularities and absences, the frequency with which both domains of knowledge are conceptually mobilized and while teaching strategy, according with the authors, to the formation of historical thinking. Later, it became possible to produce an overall view about the history textbooks 11 PPGE/UFJF – HISTÓRIA E MEMÓRIA NOS LIMITES DO (IN) VISÍVEL: Reflexões do saber histórico escolar nos livros didáticos de História. profiles in circulation above the country, mapping out of invisibility or visibility scenarios that the distinction between memory and history domains in these books are assume. As a theoretical support source, has been quest for references from authors who dedicated specifically to memory domain studies. It is possible to highlight the dialogue with Paul Ricoeur, to discuss the operations of memory and forgetfulness; Maurice Halbwachs, to question the assume of memory as a collective construction that occurs within an affective community; Huysen Andreas and Michael Pollak, to discuss the theme of memory in contemporary times. Among other major stakeholders, it is also essential to emphasize that the dialogue established with the historian Rüsen Jorn, given its reflection on the processes of historical consciousness formation in the subjects in which the operations of memory assume a prominent position.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-07-03T17:32:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 felipecorreadacruzescobar.pdf: 2813784 bytes, checksum: b31da4b1f8b3cbbcc3f5ac3d6549527e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T13:07:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 felipecorreadacruzescobar.pdf: 2813784 bytes, checksum: b31da4b1f8b3cbbcc3f5ac3d6549527e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T13:08:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 felipecorreadacruzescobar.pdf: 2813784 bytes, checksum: b31da4b1f8b3cbbcc3f5ac3d6549527e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T13:08:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 felipecorreadacruzescobar.pdf: 2813784 bytes, checksum: b31da4b1f8b3cbbcc3f5ac3d6549527e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / O objetivo deste trabalho, de cunho qualitativo, é analisar erros ocorridos com tanta frequência em certos conteúdos do Ensino Fundamental. Tendo como pergunta diretriz: Como podemos contribuir com a prática docente, de modo a propor uma reflexão desse profissional na busca de alternativas que auxiliem os alunos a aprender com seus erros em Matemática?, expomos pontos que podem induzir nossos alunos ao erro. Fizemos uma abordagem de como os principais autores utilizados nas redes pública e particular, no município de Juiz de Fora, estão abordando tais temas. Nosso embasamento teórico-metodológico está no livro do psicólogo Daniel Kahneman, intitulado Rápido e Devagar: duas formas de pensar; faremos uma análise de como funciona o pensamento humano, a fim de tentar compreender o que pode passar pela cabeça de nossos alunos, durante seu aprendizado. Com questões retiradas de avaliações de professores de Matemática, faremos uma leitura de como os mesmos andam interpretando os erros ocorridos em suas avaliações. Para a real compreensão do que o aluno entende com esses conteúdos, serão aplicados alguns testes com alunos do Ensino Fundamental II na E. E. Mercedes Nery Machado, localizada na região central do município de Juiz de Fora, para averiguar sua compreensão diante de um problema e o sentido que alguns conteúdos fazem para os mesmos. / The objective of this work, a qualitative approach is to analyze errors that occurred so often in certain elementary school content. With the question guideline How can we contribute to the teaching practice, to propose a reflection of this professional in the search for alternatives that help students learn from their mistakes in mathematics? Lays out points that can influence and cause an error by our students. We made an approach as the main authors used in public and private networks in the Juiz de Fora city are addressing these issues. Our theoretical and methodological basis is the psychologist's book Daniel Kahneman, entitled, Fast and Slow: two ways of thinking; we will make an analysis of how the human mind, in order to try to understand what might cross the minds of our students during their learning. With aside questions assessments of mathematics teachers, they will read how they go interpreting errors committed in their assessments. For real understanding of what the student understands with such content will be applied some tests with elementary school students in EE Mercedes Nery Machado, located in the central region of Juiz de Fora city, to ascertain their understanding on a problem and the sense that some content do to the same.

Orientador: Maria Ângela Miorim / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T15:47:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Gomes_LarissaPincaSarro_D.pdf: 7017555 bytes, checksum: 1d8423d45a1b37658a2e04552ff23545 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Nesta pesquisa investigamos a produção da coleção didática Matemática e as práticas escolares relacionadas à sua utilização no Instituto Nossa Senhora da Piedade, considerando o período em que a coleção foi adotada nessa instituição de ensino. A investigação ficou delimitada ao período de 1969 a 1998, tendo como início o ano em que foi criado o Programa de Treinamento e Aperfeiçoamento de Professores, no qual as professoras Martha Dantas, Eliana Nogueira, Neide Clotilde Souza e Eunice Guimarães começam a desenvolver o projeto intitulado Processo entre a Exposição e a Descoberta e a elaborar os primeiros textos da coleção Matemática, contando com a orientação do matemático paulista Omar Catunda. O término da pesquisa foi definido considerando o período em que a coleção didática foi utilizada pelos professores do Instituto Nossa Senhora da Piedade, entre 1989 e 1998. No entanto, é importante ressaltar que a investigação se movimentou para um período anterior a 1969 quando procuramos situar a coleção Matemática em relação as outras obras desses autores, e de outras propostas para o ensino da matemática escolar, que estavam circulando no cenário nacional e internacional. Esses estudos são apresentados na primeira parte deste trabalho, na qual também procuramos mostrar as experiências, trajetórias profissionais e as concepções de ensino de matemática defendidas pelos professores que coordenaram os trabalhos dessa equipe ¿ Martha Dantas e Omar Catunda. Após essa investigação, fizemos um percurso reflexivo/analítico para compreender o processo de escrita da coleção, buscando analisar historicamente as articulações entre as intenções expressas por seus autores e as maneiras como essas intenções se manifestam nos textos. Esses estudos foram importantes pois evidenciaram algumas questões que nortearam a investigação da segunda parte deste trabalho, relacionada às práticas escolares de matemática no Instituto Nossa Senhora da Piedade. Para a definição do objetivo desta pesquisa e condução das investigações, consideramos as formulações de autores da História Cultural como Dominique Julia, Roger Chartier e Michel de Certeau. Com os estudos realizados foi possível compreender a estratégia dos autores para a escrita da coleção Matemática e como os professores a manipularam, alteraram e estabeleceram novos usos àquilo que fora proposto pelos autores. Evidenciaram as táticas de apropriação diferenciadas dos professores, que consideraram a realidade local e suas próprias experiências para promover mudanças na cultura escolar do Instituto Nossa Senhora da Piedade / Abstract: In this research we investigated the production of Mathematics didactic collection and school practices related to its use in Nossa Senhora da Piedade Institute, considering the period in which the collection was adopted in this institution. The investigation was limited to the period from 1969 to 1998, with the beginning the year in which it was created the Teachers Training and Enhancement Program, in which the teachers Martha Dantas, Eliana Nogueira, Neide Clotilde Souza and Eunice Guimarães, begin to develop the project titled Process between exposure and discovery and to prepare the first texts of Mathematics collection, with the guidance of Brazilian mathematician Omar Catunda. The end of the study was defined considering the period in which the didactic collection was used by teachers of Nossa Senhora da Piedade Institute, between 1989 and 1998. Nevertheless, it is important that research be moved to an earlier period to 1969 as we seek to situate Mathematics collection in relation to other works of these authors, and other proposals for the teaching of school mathematics that were circulating in the national and international scene. These studies are presented in the first part of this work, in which we also tried to show the experiences, career paths and conceptions of mathematics teaching advocated by teachers who coordinated the work of this team - Martha Dantas and Omar Catunda. After this research, we did a reflective /analytical route to understand the process of writing the Mathematics collection, seeking historically analyze the linkages between the intentions expressed by the authors and the ways these intentions are manifested in the texts. These studies were important because they showed some issues that guided the investigation of the second part of this study related to school practices in mathematics at Nossa Senhora da Piedade Institute. For the definition of the objective of this research and conducting investigations, we consider the formulations of Cultural History authors as Dominique Julia, Roger Chartier and Michel de Certeau. With the studies was possible to understand the strategy of the authors for writing Mathematics collection and how the teachers manipulated, altered and established new uses to what was proposed by the authors. The tactics of teacher¿s differentiated appropriations were shown, considering the local reality and their own experiences to promote changes in the school culture of Nossa Senhora da Piedade Institute / Doutorado / Ensino e Práticas Culturais / Doutora em Educação

Orientador: Maria Carolina Bovério Galzerani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T02:25:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bueno_JoaoBatistaGoncalves_D.pdf: 3173482 bytes, checksum: a52acf1a2c5167a31fc15f73ab35a292 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2003 / Resumo: Esta tese estuda as propostas de leitura e usos de imagens visuais como documentos históricos impressos nos livros didáticos de História, editados entre as décadas de 1970 e 2000. Analisa os livros didáticos destinados ao uso dos alunos do segundo ciclo do ensino fundamental. Estuda como as metodologias de leitura de imagens visuais apresentadas nos livros didáticos, inserem-se nas culturas escolares dentro de um processo de amálgama de saberes provenientes da Academia, dos autores e editores e dos conhecimentos dos professores. Procura entender como as propostas de leitura concentram-se em fórmulas metodológicas que hierarquizam o texto escrito em relação ao texto visual. Dimensiona como as formas de controle exercidas pelas políticas públicas, relacionadas ao livro didático, passaram direcionar o uso de determinadas metodologias de leitura imagens em detrimento de outras. A partir daí, analisa as formas de editoração das imagens visuais em relação aos textos escritos, no interior dos capítulos dos livros didáticos e nos exercícios de fixação destinados aos alunos; procurando flagrar representações plurais relativas às metodologias de leitura de iconografias. Objetiva, finalmente, a resignificação dos sentidos das leituras de imagens como documentos históricos na prática diária dos professores de História de ensino fundamental. Utiliza como referencias teóricos os estudos desenvolvidos por Walter Benjamin e Edward Palmer Thompson, no que respeita, particularmente, às suas concepções de tempo, de investigação e de narração histórica. / Abstract: This thesis studies the proposed uses of reading and visual images as historical documents printed in the textbooks of history, published between the 1970 and 2000. It analyzes the textbooks for the use of students of upper secondary school. It studies how the methodologies of reading visual images presented in textbooks, are within school cultures within a process of amalgamation of knowledge from the Academy of the authors and editors and teachers' knowledge. Seeks to understand how to read the proposals focus on a method to prioritize the written text in relation to the visual text. Scales as the forms of control exercised by public policies related to the textbook, they direct the use of certain methods of reading images over others. From there, looks at ways of publishing of visual images in relation to written texts, within chapters of textbooks and focusing exercises for the students, trying to catch plural representations concerning the iconography of reading methodologies. Objective, ultimately reframing the meanings of the readings of images as historical documents in the daily practice of History teachers from elementary school. Used as theoretical studies developed by Walter Benjamin and Edward Palmer Thompson, regarding in particular, their conceptions of time, research and historical narration. / Doutorado / Educação, Conhecimento, Linguagem e Arte / Doutor em Educação

Orientadores: Celso Dal Ré Carneiro, Joselisa Maria Chaves / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T06:40:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_FabioGoncalves_M.pdf: 6088253 bytes, checksum: 60c491943de7cbb0211794f19510c59b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos a Geografia diversificou a utilização de tecnologias para análise espacial. As geotecnologias permitem olhares diferenciados sobre o espaço. É oportuno pensar como as geotecnologias (sensoriamento remoto, SIG e GPS) são abordadas em livros didáticos de geografia do ensino médio e apontar possibilidades de uso no contexto da Geografia escolar. O objetivo geral da pesquisa, caracterizada como um estudo de caso pela particularidade do fenômeno em estudo e possível aplicabilidade em outras situações, é investigar o uso das geotecnologias como recurso didático para ensino de Geografia em dois contextos: (a) em livros didáticos adotados no ensino médio, e (b) em oficinas aplicadas para alunos do ensino médio de escolas públicas estaduais do município de Feira de Santana (BA). A seleção de livros foi feita com base no catálogo de livros didáticos aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático para o Ensino Médio (PNLEM); foram analisados, dentre outros aspectos, os conceitos e a presença de atividades que envolvam geotecnologias. A aplicação das oficinas nas escolas foi precedida por visitas às escolas participantes e diálogos com os professores de Geografia para elaboração das atividades. A análise dos livros didáticos mostrou que imagens orbitais e fotografias aéreas estão presentes nos oito livros investigados, contudo estes não exploram todo o potencial de análise que as imagens oferecem, sendo consideradas demasiadamente restritas. Em relação aos conceitos, dois livros são considerados satisfatórios, em cinco, algumas geotecnologias são negligenciadas e em um livro analisado, inexiste referência às geotecnologias, apesar de constar uma única imagem de satélite. As atividades de interpretação de imagens em sala de aula buscaram auxiliar três professores de Geografia a utilizar imagens de sensoriamento remoto como recurso didático. As práticas, planejadas e aplicadas no Colégio Modelo Luís Eduardo Magalhães (CMLEM) e no Colégio da Polícia Militar (CPM), pretenderam estimular o aprendizado de alunos do ensino médio acerca de conteúdos e temas da Geografia escolar, envolvendo ferramentas do ambiente Google Earth, leitura de fotografias aéreas verticais para elaboração de mapas parciais de Feira de Santana. Estudou-se a complexidade da organização do espaço mundial, por meio de abordagem sobre limites nacionais e países em conflito na atualidade. O resultado foi amplamente satisfatório. A pesquisa é indicativa de que abordagens similares podem ser feitas em outros contextos, para ampliar o domínio de técnicas de representação cartográfica por parte de estudantes de nível médio / Abstract: In recent years Geography has diversified the use of technologies for spatial analysis. The geotechnologies that allow different points-of-view on the space. It is important to consider how geotechnology (remote sensing, SIG and GPS) are addressed in geography textbooks of the secondary school and indicate out their uses in the context of school geography. The objective of the research, featured as a case study of the particularity of the phenomenon under study and potential applicability in other situations, is to investigate the use of geotechnology as a teaching tool for the teaching geography in two contexts: (a) in textbooks adopted in high schools, and (b) in workshops applied for secondary school students from public schools in the municipality of Feira de Santana, State of Bahia, Brazil. The selection of the books was based on the catalog of textbooks approved by the National Program of Textbooks for Secondary Schools (PNLEM). Among other aspects, concepts and activities that involve the presence of geotechnologies were analysed. The application of the workshops was preceded by visits to participating schools and by dialogues with the Geography teachers for development of activities. The analysis of the textbooks pointed that satellite images and aerial photographs are presents in eight books investigated, but these do not exploit the full potential of analysis offered by image, considered thus a lot restricted. In relation to the concepts, two books are considered satisfactory, in five, some geotechnologies are neglected and in one book analised, there is no reference to geotechnologies, despite it includes just one satellite image. The activities of image interpretation that occurred in classroom sought to help three Geography teachers in use remote sensing images as a teaching resource. The practical activities, planned and implemented the Colégio Modelo Luis Eduardo Magalhães (CMLEM) and the Colégio da Polícia Militar (CPM), was intended to stimulate the learning of middle school students on content and themes of school Geography, involving tools of environment Google Earth and reading vertical aerial photographs to students produce maps from Feira de Santana. The complex organization of global space was studied by approaching national boundaries of a few countries under contemporary conflicts. The result was very satisfactory. The research indicates that similar approaches can be made in other contexts, to extend the domain of technical cartographic in representation by secondary school students / Mestrado / Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra / Mestre em Ensino e Historia de Ciencias da Terra

Det är en etablerad åsikt att en stor del av matematikundervisningen idag har sin utgångspunkt i läroböcker, och därför är det viktigt att granska läroböckernas innehåll eftersom det inte längre existerar någon statlig kontroll av läromedel i Sverige. Studiens syfte ämnar granska ett läromedel i årskurs tre för att undersöka på vilket sätt och i vilken utsträckning läroboken låter eleverna arbeta med problemlösning. Undersökningen har utgått från en kvalitativ textanalys och en kvantitativ innehållsanalys för att granska, klassificera och kategorisera innehållet i utvalda och specifika delar i Mera Favorit matematik 3A och sedan granskat samma avsnitt för att fastställa om problemuppgifterna kräver kreativa matematiska resonemang för att lösas. Resultatet visar att det existerar tydliga skillnader mellan vad läroboken anser är problemlösning, och vad aktuell studies analys menar är problemlösning, med grund i kreativa matematiska resonemang. / It is an established opinion that a large part of mathematics education today has its main point in textbooks, so it’s important to review the content of the textbooks because there is no longer any state approval of teaching materials in Sweden. The purpose of the study is to examine a mathematical textbook in grade three to investigate the way and extent to which the textbook allows students to work with problem solving. The survey has been based on a qualitative text analysis and a quantitative content analysis to review, classify and categorize the content of selected and specific parts of “Mera Favorit Matematik 3A” and then review the same section again to determine if the problem assignments requires creative mathematical reasoning to be solved. The result shows that there are clear differences between what the textbook considers is problem solving, and what current studies analysis means are problem solving, based on creative mathematical reasoning.

The aim of this thesis is to study the conditions surrounding young students’ text production in the subject of History. The study, which was performed within a class in grade 4, describes a project where the students produced individual books about the Middle Ages. The study analyzes the educational resources that the students were offered to produce a chapter on the Black Death and how nine students made use of these resources in their texts. Three resourses were analyzed: the teachers’ oral storytelling, the instructions and the designated chapter in the textbook. The material, which was collected through an ethnographic approach with participant observation and interviews, consists of field notes, films, photographs, student texts and teaching materials. The resources were analyzed through sociocultural and socio­semiotic methods. The results show that the oral communication is dominated by the teachers’ storytelling which is perceived as interes­ting and engaging by the students. This is especially true for the dramatized parts that seem to have a potential for providing a deep contextualization of the content. However, the students opportunities to formulate and discuss the content before producing their own texts are limited. The history textbook provides subject-specific knowledge as well as typical features of school history texts, but as the text is mainly processed individually the students are not made aware of this. The results indicate that both the students and the teacher perceive the project as an exercise in writing and that the content subsequently appears to be secondary. This is likely due to the fact that the instructions are general writing instructions rather than content-based or subject-specific. The texts produced by the students show a variation in length, number of headlines, images, and use of resources (written and oral, or just written). The instructions urge the students to retell the designated text ”in their own words" and explicitly forbid copying. The results show that the instruction is perceived in two different ways. Five students use the textbook as their main resource avoiding copying by developing various strategies such as exchanging or skipping words, summarizing paragraphs or combining chunks of existing sentences into new ones. Four students take a different approach and base their texts mainly on the oral storytelling, which might be seen as an example of retelling in one’s own words. The existence of two different strategies can be explained by the fact that the resources are part of two simultaneous but contradictory aspirations: the oral classroom practice which maximizes engagement and the pursuit of empathy and the written practice which aims at critical training where source awareness and avoidance of copying are stressed as important. Since there are few links between the two classroom practices the students are put in a position where they have to transform either the text book or the oral story into a new text. Previous research shows that learning in History is promoted by the ability to generalize and understand the connection between events, the ability to draw conclusions from multiple sources and the ability to relate to the content with historical empathy. Writing and text production in History therefore need to take account of the subject specific ways of communicating and creating knowledge. The results from this study also underline the importance of using and recognizing semiotic resources such as images and drama as an important part of young students’ learning in History.

This essay aims to compare two EFL (English as a Foreign Language) textbooks by using a multimodal discourse analysis in order to find out how EFL textbooks have changed in design and visually. In this essay the textual content is treated as one of several pillars making up design, this essay is interested in the visual changes. This analysis is done using two EFL textbooks with twenty years in between them, both are used in the same school by different teachers. A study like this is going to be published later this year but that study includes three subjects (English being one of them) and starts with textbooks from the 1930s up until now. In this essay, two chapters of each textbook will be looked at  in a closer analysis to represent each textbook; every page is analyzed without first reading the text. The conclusion of this essay is that the written communication still seem to be the most credible of the different communicative methods of making meaning, however, it is no longer the only credible way of making meaning.

This paper examines how aesthetic and anthropologic culture is represented in a few selected textbooks for English and to what degree these representations correspond to the aims of the English course syllabi. Regarding aesthetic culture, the emphasis in the syllabi is on the students using literature as means to an end, mainly to develop certain skills such as an understanding of the English language, or learning about anthropologic culture through aesthetic culture. The aesthetic values of literature as an art form are not promoted or encouraged at all. The selected textbooks correspond to the syllabi on this matter. Concerning anthropologic culture, the emphasis in the syllabi is on ‘difference’. Other cultures are presented as strange and distant from us, and this is something that also can be seen in the selected textbooks. Moreover, in one of the textbooks the students are addressed as future tourists, potentially causing them to view other cultures and places as sights to see and sites to visit, instead of as having intrinsic value.

The purpose of this study was to identify and compare the specific writing assignments provided in the five basal readers, grades one through eight, adopted by the state of Texas. These seventy-eight basal reader's guides were first analyzed for statements indicating specific writing assignments. The total number of writing assignments in each of the teacher's guides were totaled for each publisher. The location of each writing assignment which supported the TABS categories was recorded. The writing assignments which did not support the TABS categories were assigned appropriate categories and recorded on a table. Another table compared the five publishers and the total number of writing assignments supporting the TABS categories. A fifth table compared the five publishers and the total number of writing assignments found in other categories not supporting the TABS categories.