The dissertation deals with the historical elements of the ineffectiveness of legal acts, and the tradition of this legal institute in the territory of the Czech Republic, whereas the concept of such a legal institute pursuant to Roman law is not left aside, either. The terms of the legal act are defined there as well as the absolute and relative ineffectiveness of legal acts. The dissertation focuses on the relative ineffectiveness (defeasibleness, the right of defeasibleness) of the legal act, namely with regard to other "defects" of the legal acts (nullity, invalidity, withdrawal from the contract etc.) as well as with regard to other systems of the creditor's protection (within the scope of the common civil law, corporate law, insolvency law and the criminal law instruments). The dissertation pays attention to the issue of the name of the defeasibleness right institute, to its purpose, forms (based upon defeasibleness as well as upon statutory ineffectiveness), and to the defeasibleness action. The dissertation analyses the effective legal regulation of the right of defeasibleness, including non-insolvency law (pursuant to 1964 Civil Code and 2012 Civil Code) as well as the insolvency proceedings. Keywords: absolute ineffectiveness, actio Pauliana, ineffectiveness of the legal act,...

L’étude présentée dans cette thèse se situe dans le domaine de l’acoustique modale des conduits avec des parois absorbantes et un écoulement moyen. Nous considérons une source de bruit en amont avec une fréquence fixe. Avec cela, nous étudions les modes propres acoustiques du conduit en terme de nombre d’onde qui sont présents.Avec cette étude, nous contribuons à la meilleure compréhension de la propagation du sondans ce type de configuration. Parmi les applications, il y a la réduction du bruit des moteurs des aéronefs.Une analyse numérique par la méthode pseudospectrale de collocation, sur la base de polynômes de Chebyshev, a été mise en ouvre pour obtenir le spectre des modes, dans un domaine transversal.Pour cela, deux programmes ont été utilisés : le programme FiEStA, qui a été développé dans le cadre de cette thèse, et qui résout les équations d’Euler linéarisées, en considérant un problème à une ou deux une ou deux dimensions. D’autre part, le programme MAMOUT, a été utilisé pour résoudre les équations de Navier-Stokes linéarisées, pour étudier plus spécifiquement les effets de la viscosité.Avec ces outils, on a constaté les effets de trois paramètres : lorsque le rapport d’aspect augmente, la densité des modes, en particulier des modes propagatifs, se développe également.Quand le nombre de Mach de l’écoulement moyen augmente, on observe les effets suivants sur les valeurs propres : un déplacement vers la partie réelle négative, une amplification de leur valeur absolue et un déplacement vers les modes d’indice inférieur. Le profil d’écoulement moyen induit aussi un déplacement dans les valeur propres, pas facilement prévisible. Il modifie également la forme des fonctions propres ; ce qui est notamment visible pour le mode d’onde plane. Les changements d’impédance induisent un échange cyclique de valeurs propres entre les valeurs de parois rigides des modes consécutifs. Avec certaines valeurs d’impédance, les modes acoustiques de paroi apparaissent. Ils sont caractérisés par la forme exponentielle de leurs fonctions propres.En plus des modes acoustiques, il existe des modes hydrodynamiques de surface qui se sont révélés avec quelques valeurs d’impédance et forme et nombre de Mach de l’écoulement moyen. Pour un ensemble de données de référence, ces modes ont été étudiés. L’impédance a été considérée avec un modèle basé sur des données de la littérature, tout comme le profil d’écoulement moyen.Un mode hydrodynamique a été trouvé. Avec certaines valeurs de la fréquence, l’ensemble des paramètres donne lieu à une instabilité. En utilisant le critère Briggs Bres pour la stabilité,l’instabilité a été jugée absolue.À partir du comportement des modes avec différentes valeurs de l’impédance, et conformément aux résultats publiés, nous avons défini la condition que le spectre doit remplir pour réduire autant que possible le bruit. C’est cela qu’on appelle l’impédance optimale. Nous avons calculé cette valeur pour différents fréquences et écoulements moyens. / The study presented in this thesis is within the domain of modal acoustics of lined ducts withgrazing flow. We consider an upstream source of noise with a fixed frequency, within a lined duct.From this, we study the eigenmodes in terms of wavenumber that are present in this system.With this study, we contribute to the better understanding of sound propagation in thedescribed configuration. Within its main applications, we can find the noise reduction fromaeroengines.A numerical analysis with the pseudospectral collocation method, based on Chebyshevpolynomials was used to obtain the spectrum of modes within the duct, in a domain transversalto the mean flow. For this, two programs were used: On one hand, within the frame of this thesis,the program FiEStA was developed. It solves the linearized Euler Equations, considering eitherone or two dimensions of the transversal plane. On the other hand, the already existing programMAMOUT was used for verification and to solve also the linearized Navier-Stokes Equations toobserve the effects of viscosity.With these tools, the first result was to notice the effects of three parameters: When theaspect ratio grows, the density of modes in the spectrum grows also. In particular, we havemore propagative modes. As the mean flow Mach number grows, we observe these effects on theeigenvalues: a displacement to the negative real part, a slight amplification of their absolute valueand a displacement towards the modes of lower index. The difference in mean flow profile inducesanother displacement in modes, not easily predictable. It changes also the shape of eigenfunctions,which is clearly seen for the planewave mode. The impedance changes induce a cyclic exchange ofeigenvalues from their hard wall value to the hard wall value of a consecutive mode. The changeof eigenfunction is gradually change in wavelength, to obtain the shape of the destination mode.With some impedance values, a pair of modes, called the acoustic surface modes arise. They arecharacterized by the exponential shape of their eigenfunctions.Besides these acoustic surface modes, there are also a pair of hydrodynamic surface modeswhich come to light with some values of impedance and shape and Mach number of the meanflow. With a benchmark data, these modes were studied. The impedance was considered from themodel of a measured liner while the mean flow profile was taken from experimental values. Withthis, the hydrodynamic mode was found. With specific values of frequency, the set of parametersgives rise to an instability. Using the Briggs-Bers criterion for stability, the instability was foundto be absolute for a given frequency.From the comportment of modes with different values of impedance, and in accordance withpublished results, we defined the condition that the spectrum has to fulfill to reduce as much aspossible the upstream noise. This is what we called the optimal impedance. We obtained it forseveral flow profiles and frequencies, in both 1D and 2D domains.

Neste trabalho estudamos relações entre expoente de Lyapunov e continuidade absoluta da folheação central para difeomorfismos parcialmente hiperbólicos conservativos de \'T POT. 3\'. Sobre tal tema, provamos que tipicamente (\'C POT. 1\' aberto e \'C POT. 2\' denso) os difeomorfismos parcialmente hiperbólicos, conservativos de classe \'C POT. 2\' , do toro \'T POT. 3\', apresentam folheação central não absolutamente contínua. Desta maneira, respondemos positivamente uma pergunta proposta em [20]. Também neste trabalho, estudamos entropia topológica para Sistema Iterado de Funções. Neste contexto, damos uma nova demonstração para uma conjectura proposta em [14] e provada primeiramente em [15]. Apresentamos um método geométrico que nos permite calcular entropia para transformações de \'S POT. 1\', como em [15]. Além de disso o método apresentado se verifica para casos mais gerais, como por exemplo: transformações não comutativas / In this work we study relations between Lyapunov exponents, absolute continuity of center foliation for conservative partially hyperbolic diffeomorphisms of \'T POT. 3\'. About this theme, (on a \'C POT. 1\' open and \'C POT. 2\'dense set) of conservative partially hyperbolic \'C POT. 2\' diffeomorphisms of the 3-torus presents non absolutely continuous center foliation. So, we answer positively a question proposed in [20]. Also in this work, we study topological entropy for Iterated Functions Systems. In this setting, we give a proof for a conjecture proposed in [14] and firstly proved in [15]. We present a geometrical method that allows us to calcule the entropy for transformations of \'S POT. 1\', like in [15]. Furthermore this method holds for more general cases, for example: non commutative transformations

A presente pesquisa tem o objetivo de estudar os princípios de investigação dos seres vivos tendo como parâmetro a concepção hilemórfica dos entes naturais em Aristóteles. Para tanto, em primeiro lugar, analisaremos o hilemorfismo tal como exposto no Livro II da Física, a fim de investigarmos a doutrina da matéria e forma, no contexto em que ela desempenha um papel fundamental para a elaboração de uma concepção que é capaz de mostrar os modos pelos quais os entes se constituem na natureza. Em segundo lugar, examinaremos os princípios de investigação dos seres vivos no Livro I das Partes dos Animais, de modo a identificar os fundamentos conceituais nos quais ele se sustenta. Assim, veremos em que medida a doutrina da matéria e forma desempenha uma função determinante na análise relativa aos organismos vivos. / The present research aims to study the principles of investigation of living beings, from hylemorphic conception as a parameter of explanation of natural beings in Aristotle. To do so, first, well analyze the hylemorphism as set out in Book II of Physics in order to investigate the doctrine of matter and form, in which it plays a key role in the development of a conception that is able to show the ways in which beings are formed in nature. Second, well examine the principles of living beings in Book I of the Part of Animals, in order to identify the conceptual foundations on which it holds. So we\'ll see how far the doctrine of matter and form plays a decisive role in the analysis relating to living organisms.

As principais objeções do Aenesidemus (1792) de Gottlob Ernst Schulze (1761-1833) à filosofia kantiana segundo a Filosofia elementar de Reinhold sinalizam duas tendências. Por um lado, servindo-se de argumentos que recusam a proposição suprema proposta por K. L. Reinhold (1757-1823) apontam para o esgotamento de investigações relativas ao âmbito puramente teórico em filosofia, mais especificamente, o da busca por um primeiro princípio universal em filosofia. Por outro lado, dão ensejo à solução dialética no iminente idealismo alemão, através da leitura que J. G. Fichte (1762-1814) faz das objeções, partindo então para a construção da Doutrina da ciência. É com a dialética, elemento central neste novo período, que Fichte irá propor o que entende ser o primeiro princípio capaz de fundamentar a filosofia como saber do saber. Mais que uma proposição teórica, este princípio será o Eu absoluto. / In its main objections to the Kantian philosophy as presented by K. L. Reinhold\'s Elementary Philosophy, G. E. Schulze\'s (1761-1833) Aenesidemus (1792) brings two different tendencies to the fore. On the one hand, by relying on arguments which refuse the supreme proposition as proposed by Reinhold (1757-1823), they signal the exhaustion of investigations regarding the purely theoretical side of philosophy - more specifically the one concerning the search for a first universal principle. On the other hand, they prepare the context for the dialectic solution by rising German idealism, namely through J. G. Fichte\'s (1762-1814) reading of those objections as he moves on to the construction of his Doctrine of Science. It is with his dialectic, a key element of this new period, that Fichte will propose what he takes to be the first principle capable of grounding philosophy as the \"knowledge of knowledge\". More than a theoretical proposition, this principle will be the absolute I.

Im Jahr 1991 wurde erstmals die Interferenz von Atomen experimentell nachgewiesen. Seitdem wird dieses Phänomen in vielen Bereichen der Grundlagenforschung angewendet, unter anderem zur Bestimmung von Naturkonstanten mit bisher unerreichter Genauigkeit oder für Tests des Äquivalenzprinzips. Grundsätzlich können auch geophysikalische Vermessungen des Schwerefeldes der Erde von dieser neuen Technik profitieren, allerdings waren Atominterferometrie-Experimente aufgrund ihrer Komplexität bisher nur in Laboren möglich. Erst kürzlich wurde mit der Entwicklung mobiler Atominterferometer begonnen, die nun die hochpräzise Messung von Rotationen, Gravitationsgradienten sowie der absoluten Schwerebeschleunigung außerhalb von Laboren ermöglichen. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde ein absolutes Gravimeter entwickelt, konstruiert und getestet. Es basiert auf Rb87-Atomen, die in einer Vakuumumgebung gefangen, gekühlt und senkrecht entgegen der Erdanziehung beschleunigt werden. Während des anschließenden freien Falls werden die atomaren Ensembles durch drei Raman Lichtpulse aufgespalten und rekombiniert. Die lokale Schwerebeschleunigung kann aus den resultierenden Interferenzmustern bestimmt werden, die abhängig von der Bewegung der Atome in einem Gravitationspotential sind. Wir haben den Wert der lokalen Schwerebeschleunigung, g, mit einer Auflösung von 1 : 10^10 bei einer Integrationszeit von 12 Stunden vermessen. Dies entspricht 2,2 * 10^-7 m/s^2/Sqrt(Hz). Mit dieser Genauigkeit konnten bereits zeitliche Veränderungen des lokalen Schwerefeldes registriert werden, hervorgerufen durch eine Vielzahl an Effekten wie Erd- und Ozeangezeiten oder atmosphärischen Variationen. In einem Vergleich unter ähnlichen Messbedingungen konnte unser Instrument die lokale Schwerebeschleunigung mit einer um fast eine Größenordnung höheren Genauigkeit bestimmen als ein herkömmliches Gravimeter. / Since 1991, matter wave interferometry has been used in many laboratories for a variety of fundamental physics experiments, e.g. measurement of the fine-structure and gravity constants or equivalence principle tests. This new technique is also ideally suited for high-accuracy geophysical gravity measurements. However, due to the complexity of these experiments they were so far confined to laboratory environments. Only in recent years efforts have been undertaken to develop mobile atom interferometers. These new sensors now open up the possibility to perform on-site high-precision measurements of rotations, gravity gradients as well as absolute accelerations. This work reports on the design, construction and first tests of an absolute gravimeter. It is based on interfering ensembles of laser cooled Rb87 atoms in a one meter high atomic fountain configuration. Local gravity is measured by applying three Raman light pulses while the atoms are in free fall, thereby splitting and recombining the atomic wave packets. The resulting interference fringes are sensitive to the movement of the atoms within a gravitational potential. We have measured the value of local gravity g at a resolution of one part in 10^10 at an integration time of 12 hours, or 2.2 * 10^-7 m/s^2/Sqrt(Hz). This was high enough to be sensitive to a number of time varying gravity effects like tides, ocean loading or changes in gravity caused by air pressure. In a comparison under similar measurement conditions, the instrument has surpassed the performance of conventional mobile gravimeters by almost one order of magnitude.

Atom Interferometrie ist eine sehr genaue und sensitive Methode mit einer Vielzahl von Anwendungsmöglichkeiten, zu der auch die Messung der Erdbeschleunigung zählt. Während die meisten Atom Interferometer aus großen, ortsfesten Aufbauten bestehen, werden auf diesem Gebiet häufig mobile Messgeräte benötigt. Das Gravimetric Atom Interferometer (GAIN) Projekt wurde ins Leben gerufen, um dieser zusätzlichen Anforderung bei bestmöglicher Messgenauigkeit gerecht zu werden. Es soll eine Alternative zu anderen modernsten Gravimetertypen geschaffen werden, die wichtige funktionale Eigenschaften wie eine hohe Auflösung und absolute Genauigkeit in einem Gerät vereint. Der GAIN Sensor verwendet lasergekühlte Rb87 Atome in einer 1 m hohen Fontäne. Mit Hilfe von stimulierten Raman Übergängen wird ein beschleunigungssensitives Interferometer realisiert. In dieser Arbeit wurde der Sensor mit Blick auf mobile und driftfreie Langzeitmessungen weiterentwickelt. Dafür wurden einzelne Subsysteme des Laseraufbaus auf die daraus resultierenden Anforderungen hin angepasst oder neu entwickelt. Mit derselben Zielstellung wurden weiterhin systematische Effekte in dem Messaufbau untersucht und Maßnahmen für ihre Reduzierung realisiert. Der Aufbau wurde transportiert und in relevanten Umgebungen getestet. Dabei konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Leistungsfäigkeit dieses Aufbaus mit denen der wichtigsten und modernsten Gravimeter konkurieren kann, sie teilweise übertrifft und dass dieser Sensor zur präzisen Kalibrierung der relativen Gravimeter verwendet werden kann. In den Messungen wurde eine Sensitivität von 138 nm/s^2/Sqrt(Hz) sowie eine Langzeitstabilität von 5 x 10^−11 g über 10^5 s erreicht. / Atom interferometry offers a very precise and sensitive measurement tool for various areas of application whereof one is the registration of the gravity acceleration. While the vast majority of atom interferometers include large and stationary setups, this field very often implies the additional request for a mobile apparatus. The Gravimetric Atom Interferometer (GAIN) project has been started to meet this requirement and to provide best possible accuracy at the same time. It aims to realize an alternative to other types of gravimeters and to combine important qualities such as high sensitivity and absolute accuracy in one instrument. The GAIN sensor is based on laser-cooled Rb87 atoms in a 1 m atomic fountain. Stimulated Raman transitions form a Mach-Zehnder type interferometer which is sensitive to accelerations. In this work it has been advanced to meet all requirements for mobile and drift-free long-term operation. Therefore, selected parts of the laser system have been improved or redeveloped. A second focus has been on systematic effects for the same objective. They have been analyzed and measures for their suppression have been undertaken. The apparatus has been transported, tested in relevant environments, and compared to the most important state-of-the-art gravimeter types where a competitive performance has been achieved. It is demonstrated, that the gravity signal of this sensor allows for a precise calibration of the relative gravimeter types. During the measurements a best sensitivity of 138 nm/s^2/Sqrt(Hz) and a stability of 5 x 10^−11 g after 10^5 s has been reached.

Das gravimetrische Atominterferometer (GAIN) ist ein transportables Atominterferometer welches spezifisch für hochpräzise Schweremessungen in der Geodäsie und Geophysik entwickelt wurde. Es basiert auf einer Rubidium Atomfontäne, stimulierten Ramanübergängen und einer 3-Puls Mach-Zehnder Interferometriesequenz. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Optimierung und Anwendung von GAIN als transportables Gravimeter für Absolutschweremessungen an geodätischen Observatorien welche über den aktuellen Stand der Technik hinaus gehen. Dabei wurden eine Absolutgenauigkiet von 29 nm/s^2, eine Langzeitstabilität von 0.4 nm/s^2 sowie eine Sensitivität von 82 nm/s^2 in einer Sekunde erreicht. Die gemessene Genauigkeit und Langzeitstabilität stellen, nach dem Wissen des Authors, die bis heute besten publizierten Werte für ein transportablen Atominterferometer dar und repräsentieren einen bedeutenden Fortschritt im Bereich der Gravimetrie. Um dies zu erreichen wurden umfangreiche Verbesserungen am Gerät umgesetzt und eine ausführliche Analyse der systematischen Messabweichungen durchgeführt. Unter anderem wurden ein System zur Kompensation von Corioliskräften und Ausrichtungsfehlern, ein verbessertes Schwingungsisolationssystem zur nachträglichen Korrektur von Umgebungsvibrationen und eine magnetische Abschirmung instrumenteller Streufelder implementiert. Darüber hinaus wurden insgesamt vier Messkampagnen in Berlin, sowie an den geodätischen Observatorien in Wettzell, Deutschland und Onsala, Schweden durchgeführt, um GAIN mit anderen hochmodernen Absolut- und Relativgravimetern zu vergleichen. Der direkte Vergleich zwischen GAIN und anderen Gravimetern stellt den prinzipbedingten Vorteil der Atominterferometrie durch die Kombination aus Absolutgenauigkeit, Stabilität und Langzeitbetrieb klar hervor. Dies wurde in der Arbeit durch die um einen Faktor 2-5 verbesserte Kalibrierung des Skalenfaktor von zwei supraleitenden Gravimetern demonstriert. / The gravimetric atom interferometer (GAIN) is a transportable setup which was specifically designed to perform high-precision gravity measurements at sites of interest for geodesy or geophysics. It is based on a Rb atomic fountain, stimulated Raman transitions and a three-pulse Mach-Zehnder atom interferometry sequence. The presented work is concerned with the optimization and application of GAIN as a transportable gravimeter in order to perform gravity measurements beyond the state-of-the-art. An absolute accuracy of 29 nm/s^2, long-term stability of 0.4 nm/s^2 and short-term noise level as low as 82 nm/s^2 in one second was achieved. The obtained long-term stability and accuracy values are, to the knowledge of the author, the best published performance of any transportable atom interferometer to date and represent a significant advancement in the field of gravimetry. A comprehensive analysis of the systematic error budget was performed to improve the accuracy and stability of the measured gravity value. Several setup improvements were implemented to this end, including Coriolis force and alignment control systems, an improved vibration isolator with post-correction and magnetic shielding which reduces spurious coupling due to stray fields. Measurement campaigns were conducted in Berlin and at geodetic observatories in Wettzell, Germany, and Onsala, Sweden, in order to compare GAIN to other state-of-the-art absolute and relative gravimeters. The direct comparison of GAIN to other absolute and relative gravimeters shows the general advantage of atom interferometers due to their unique combination of absolute accuracy, stability and robust architecture enabling continuous measurements. This was demonstrated during the presented campaigns by the improvement of the scale factor calibration of two superconducting gravimeters by a factor 2 to 5 using GAIN data.

In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit einer Reihe von Experimenten geprüft, ob sich die Tonarterinnerung von Nichtabsoluthörern durch aus der Gedächtnisforschung abgeleitete Einflussfaktoren erklären lässt. Zunächst erfolgte eine theoretische Betrachtung des Tonartgedächtnisses sowohl aus musikpsychologischer als auch aus gedächtnispsychologischer Perspektive. Die Analyse von Befunden zum „latenten“ und „echten“ absoluten Gehör zeigte, dass eine Reihe von potenziellen Einflussfaktoren auf die Tonarterinnerung betrachtet werden muss, um herauszufinden, ob es sich bei diesen beiden Phänomenen um unterschiedliche Ausprägungen derselben Fähigkeit handelt. Um den Einfluss von Faktoren der Melodien, der Melodie-Lernenden und der Art des Melodie-Lernens auf die Tonarterinnerung zu prüfen, wurden insgesamt 268 Probanden gebeten, vertraute Melodien aus dem Gedächtnis zu singen. Unabhängige Variablen waren die musikalische Expertise der Probanden, ihre Fähigkeit Töne zu benennen, die Form und die Intensität des dem Experiment vorangegangenen Melodie-Lernens sowie verschiedene Charakteristika der Melodien. Abhängige Variable war die Genauigkeit, mit der die Originaltonarten der Melodien produziert wurden. Es konnten Effekte der Hör-Häufigkeit, der musikalischen Expertise, der Tonbenennung, der Melodie-Eingängigkeit sowie ein Effekt motorischer Kontextinformationen auf die Genauigkeit der Tonarterinnerung nachgewiesen werden. Um den Häufigkeitseffekt mit einer weiteren Anforderung zu untersuchen, wurde in einem weiteren Experiment die Tonbenennungsleistung von Absoluthörern und Nichtabsoluthörern verglichen. Dabei kam die Methode der Pupillometrie zum Einsatz, um Unterschiede in der mentalen Beanspruchung beim Benennen von Tönen unterschiedlicher Klangfarbe und Tonklasse nachweisen zu können. Die Ergebnisse stützen die Annahme, dass das häufige Hören bestimmter Töne sowohl bei Absoluthörern als auch bei Nichtabsoluthörern die Tonbenennung erleichtert. Dies verweist darauf, dass auch bei der musikspezifischen Aufgabe der Tonbenennung ein so grundlegendes Prinzip des menschlichen Gedächtnisses wie die Stabilisierung von Gedächtnisinhalten durch Wiederholung zum Tragen kommt. Insgesamt weisen die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass Tonarterinnerung ein komplexes Phänomen ist, für das eine alleinige Erklärung als „latentes absolutes Gehör“ zu kurz greift. Statt einer schwachen Ausprägung einer hochspezialisierten Fähigkeit scheint es sich eher um eine eigene Form des Erinnerns, die auf allgemeingültigen Gedächtnisprinzipien beruht, zu handeln. / In this thesis, memory for musical keys among absolute pitch nonpossessors, which is often referred to as “latent” absolute pitch, is examined. A theoretical analysis focused on existing research about “latent” and “manifest” absolute pitch. Evidence from music-psychological and general memory research as well as neuropsychological evidence was considered. The review of existing research revealed that several factors are potentially relevant for the memory of musical keys and should be considered in trying to determine whether “latent” and “manifest” absolute pitch can be described as different levels of the same ability on an “absolute pitch continuum”. To examine whether characteristics of learned melodies, of melody-learners, and of melody-learning influence memory for musical keys among absolute pitch nonpossessors, 268 participants were asked in a series of experiments to sing familiar melodies from memory. Independent variables were the musical expertise of participants, their ability to label pitches, type and intensity of melody-learning, and characteristics of the learned melodies. The accuracy with which learned melodies could be produced in the original key was the dependent variable. Results revealed that frequency of melody-learning as well as participants’ musical expertise and ability to label pitches influence the accuracy of key production. Whether or not a melody is catchy as well as the existence of different types of motor imagery are further influencing factors for the accuracy of key production. To examine the frequency-of-hearing effect in more detail, another experiment compared the pitch labeling performance of absolute pitch possessors and nonpossessors. Pupillary responses were measured in order to show differences in mental resource allocation when labeling pitches of different key colors or timbres. Results support the assumption that frequent exposure to pitches of certain key colors or timbres facilitate their labeling among both absolute pitch possessors and nonpossessors. This suggests that basic principles of human memory such as learning by frequency of exposure affect also very specific tasks such as pitch labeling. Taken together, the results suggest that memory for musical keys is a complex phenomenon which can not adequately be described as being simply a “latent” or weak form of absolute pitch. Instead, memory for musical keys can be described as a “normal” memory mechanism, influenced by factors known to influence numerous other forms of human memory.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDRE OLIVEIRA SILVA.pdf: 630390 bytes, checksum: aff85d8a1d3ee76ffaea477c6649a80c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-09 / This research aims at investigating psychoanalytically a psychologist's role at a baby shelter, taking into consideration that environmental care is paramount in the early stages of human development. It discusses a problem that proves relevant from clinical, psychosocial and ethical perspectives, since it focuses on the future and well-being of dependent humans who are part of the next generation. Research was based on an operationalization strategy of the psychoanalytical method for empirical research. Our object of study is the experience of working directly with babies in institutional shelters, and this experience was registered in the form of a autobiographic transferential narrative written after the experience, and which included not only facts, but also countertransferential impact and the researcher's reflections. The narrative was then psychoanalytically interpreted as means of allowing the interpretative production of two affective-emotional or subconscious meaning fields: "Helping" and "Hindering". There was a movement between these two fields as the psychologist intervened with direct care, failing to meet institutional expectations which included a fantasy of dealing with the issues without affecting the institution's routine and the idea that concrete problems would be dealt with comprehensively. This movement is analyzed reflexively using Winnicott's concept of failure, a possible occurrence that contains both rights and wrongs. In conclusion, the paradoxical nature of this work might help expand the understanding of the limits and the range of the psychologist's role in the field of social work in general and, more specifically, in the care of shelter babies. / A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar psicanaliticamente a inser??o do psic?logo em abrigo institucional que atende beb?s, a partir do reconhecimento de que a provis?o de cuidados ambientais, nas fases iniciais do desenvolvimento humano, ? fundamental. Incide sobre problema relevante desde perspectivas cl?nicas, psicossociais e ?ticas, na medida em que se articula a partir de preocupa??o como bem estar e futuro de pessoas dependentes que integrar?o as pr?ximas gera??es. O trabalho organizou-se ao redor de uma estrat?gia de operacionaliza??o do m?todo psicanal?tico para realiza??o de pesquisas emp?ricas. O acontecer cl?nico constituiu-se a partir de experi?ncia de trabalho direto com beb?s em abrigos institucionais, que foi registrada sob a forma de uma narrativa transferencial de car?ter autobiogr?fico. A elabora??o do texto narrativo deu-se posteriormente ? experi?ncia, incluindo tanto ocorr?ncias fatuais como impactos contratransferenciais e reflex?es do psic?logo/pesquisador. A seguir, a narrativa foi interpretada psicanaliticamente, permitindo a produ??o interpretativa de dois campos de sentido afetivo-emocional ou inconscientes relativos: Solucionando e Atrapalhando . Ficou constatado um tr?nsito entre campos, que certamente deriva da interven??o do psic?logo, que, ao assumir cuidados diretos, deixa de atender ?s expectativas institucionais, tanto no registro fantasioso de solucionar a quest?o sem afetar as rotinas, como no sentido de n?o lidar de modo compreensivo com as dificuldades concretas. O trabalho finaliza com interlocu??es reflexivas, que focalizam o tr?nsito entre campos para pens?-lo como falha no sentido winnicottiano do termo, vale dizer, como o acontecer poss?vel, que cont?m em si, simultaneamente, acertos e desacertos. Conclui-se que, por sua via paradoxal, aqui se completa uma produ??o que pode contribuir significativamente para uma maior compreens?o dos limites e alcances da atua??o do psic?logo no campo da assist?ncia social em geral e, mais especificamente, no campo do cuidado a beb?s abrigados.