L’analyse de la dignité du condamné dans l’exécution de sa peine privative de liberté suppose d’étudier d’une part les conditions dans lesquelles il exécute sa peine lorsqu’il est incarcéré au sein d’un établissement pénitentiaire, puis d’autre part celles dans lesquelles il exécute sa peine dans la phase post-carcérale. Cependant, la constatation du respect ou de la négation de la dignité du condamné repose sur l’appréciation de l’adaptation et de la proportionnalité de l’atteinte portée à ses spécificités humaines primaires et à leurs supports, à un objectif légitime d’intérêt général. Ainsi, si l’humanisation des conditions de détention permet d’assurer progressivement le respect de la dignité du condamné, sa responsabilisation et la réappropriation de sa condition humaine lui offrent les moyens de promouvoir sa dignité par la stimulation de ses potentialités humaines d’amélioration. La phase d’exécution post-carcérale de la peine privative de liberté semble connaître un mouvement inverse. En effet, si la conception et la mise en œuvre des mesures d’aménagements de peine semblaient garantir le respect et la promotion de la dignité du condamné, l’introduction « d’une éthique de conviction » de surveillance étatique du condamné dans la phase post-carcérale emporte la négation de la dignité du condamné par une atteinte à son autonomie qui s’avère totalement inadaptée à l’objectif de prévention de la récidive criminologique. / The analysis of the convict's dignity while serving their custodial sentences implies to study the conditions in which they serve their penalties when incarcerated in a prison establishment on the one hand, then the conditions in which they carry out their sentences when out of prison on the other hand. However, if the convict's dignity is respected or negated, it depends in both cases on how the adaptation and proportionality of the infringement of their primary human features are assessed according to a legitimate public interest.As a result, if more human detention conditions allow to ensure that the convict's dignity is gradually respected, the fact that they are encouraged to bear more responsibility and are again considered human beings enables them to promote their dignity by stimulating their human potential powers of improvement. The post-detention stage (when the custodial sentence is served out of prison) seems to evince an opposite trend. As a matter of fact, if the creation and implementation of measures of sentence reduction seemed to guarantee the respect and the promotion of the convict's dignity, the introduction of a “code of conviction” of state surveillance over the convict in the post-detention stage entails a negation of the convict's dignity as their autonomy has been infringed in a way totally inadapted to the aim of preventing second-offence crime.

This dissertation addresses forgiveness as a philosophical matter, understanding that whenever forgiveness happens (or even when it is talked about) unnoticed theories of selfhood and time are at play. To bring these unobserved models of time and the self to the fore, this study explores a series of commonalities and divergences in some selected works by Augustine, Kierkegaard, and Arendt. In these texts, forgiveness is understood as the gathering of a self that is scattered in time (Augustine), as present participation in an earlier redemptive moment (Kierkegaard), or as an event that resists the otherwise rectilinear, death-oriented course of human life (Arendt).Why has forgiveness been mostly ignored in Western philosophy? What does this omission reveal about Western thought? Contemporary authors have argued for the (imperative) need to (re)think what forgiveness is, the conditions under which it (supposedly) occurs, and its relation to justice, since the inexpiable events of the past and present centuries maintain forgiveness an unresolved question. This study rests on a fundamental intuition: that for forgiveness to pass in history nothing must be passed from the one who forgives to the one who is forgiven. To support this claim, I undertake close readings of Augustine’s Confessions, Kierkegaard’s Works of Love, and Arendt’s The Human Condition. In these works, forgiveness is understood as a paradox —it must be contained to be given (Augustine), granted-yet-not-granted (Kierkegaard), and forgotten the moment it is given, as if never given at all (Arendt). Can forgiveness be thought of as a hidden existential capacity, and not as a magnanimous display of mercy? Can we imagine forgiveness as undoing the transgression we see, and secretly engaging with the invisible?

This work is an effort to investigate the relationship between Albert Camus' philosophic concepts of the absurd presented in "The Myth of Sisyphus" and the Absurdist Theatre as defined by Martin Esslin. Included in this thesis is a discussion of each of the above concepts. Focus is placed upon the characteristics of the Absurdist Theatre which constitute the basis for the label "Absurdity." The conclusion indicates that while the playwright's personal experiences and philosophies correspond to Camus', their plays fail to communicate or express that concept of absurdity satisfactorily. The major emphasis is on the lack of concrete reality used to communicate a concept based upon concrete reality.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T19:20:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Inacio Ribeiro Sa Menezes.pdf: 1734759 bytes, checksum: c1bc6f6f7284e9e3da24350e1be4f158 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-08 / Focusing on the works of the Rumanian philosopher Emil Cioran (1911-1995), this study proposes an anthropological approach in order to elucidate the author s conception regarding human being. Cioran s writings portrait man as an essentially infirm being, idea from which this study takes off so as to explain what lies behind his anthropological pessimism. For such, it takes gathering, analyzing and interpreting the reflections offered by him on human being his origins, condition, history and destiny and that are spread out throughout his books. Besides, some of his critics will contribute to sustain the hypothesis: more than just a philosopher, Cioran is a religious thinker, whose pessimistic conception regarding human condition is rooted in gnostic soil. As it is intended to be demonstrated, his connections with gnosticism go way beyond a mere intellectual affinity, involving as well a kinship with the bogomils, a gnostic sect which settled in the Balkans during the Middle Ages and which is supposed to have had a significant role in shaping Rumania s cultural identity. Furthermore, it intends to argue that the crisis of insomnia endured by Cioran in his youth period has a cognitive and spiritual character allowing her to be interpreted as a gnosis. At last, this study commits itself with sustaining the following thesis: much more than his readings, it is rather his insomniac experience that turns out to be the decisive event responsible to shape his thought from then on, including his world and man view / Tendo a obra do filósofo romeno Emil Cioran (1911-1995) como objeto, este estudo parte de um recorte antropológico cuja intenção é lançar luzes sobre sua concepção de ser humano. Está presente em sua obra a idéia do homem como um animal enfermo por natureza, sendo este o ponto de partida que nos levará à compreensão do que está por trás do seu pessimismo antropológico. Para tanto, busca reunir, analisar e interpretar as diversas reflexões que o autor desenvolve sobre o ser humano sua origem, condição, história e destino e que se encontram espalhadas através de seus livros. Além de contar com alguns comentadores que contribuem para sustentar a hipótese: mais do que um filósofo, Cioran é um pensador de cunho religioso, cuja concepção pessimista acerca da condição humana encontra raízes no pensamento gnóstico. Conforme pretende demonstrar, sua relação com o gnosticismo vai muito além de uma mera afinidade intelectual, envolvendo também um parentesco com os bogomilos, seita gnóstica que habitou os Bálcãs durante a Idade Média e que teria influenciado profundamente a alma romena. Além disso, tentará mostrar que a crise de insônia sofrida por Cioran na juventude possui um sentido cognitivo e espiritual profundo que permite interpretá-la como uma gnose. Por fim, este estudo se compromete a sustentar a seguinte tese central: mais do que suas leituras, é a experiência de insônia o acontecimento decisivo que determinará todo seu pensamento posterior, sua visão de mundo assim como de ser humano

Submitted by Carlos Nascimento (nascimento.adm@gmail.com) on 2018-01-12T13:40:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Defesa_110118-versão para publicação.pdf: 1713737 bytes, checksum: 56495ddffcca768e8725a18da23fef4f (MD5) modelo-carta-comprovante ppgpe Carlos Alexandre_assinado.pdf: 454783 bytes, checksum: 432c7276e75f0f4e6fad3179a91525e2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-23T10:16:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Defesa_110118-versão para publicação.pdf: 1713737 bytes, checksum: 56495ddffcca768e8725a18da23fef4f (MD5) modelo-carta-comprovante ppgpe Carlos Alexandre_assinado.pdf: 454783 bytes, checksum: 432c7276e75f0f4e6fad3179a91525e2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (bco.producao.intelectual@gmail.com) on 2018-01-23T10:16:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Defesa_110118-versão para publicação.pdf: 1713737 bytes, checksum: 56495ddffcca768e8725a18da23fef4f (MD5) modelo-carta-comprovante ppgpe Carlos Alexandre_assinado.pdf: 454783 bytes, checksum: 432c7276e75f0f4e6fad3179a91525e2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-23T10:23:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Defesa_110118-versão para publicação.pdf: 1713737 bytes, checksum: 56495ddffcca768e8725a18da23fef4f (MD5) modelo-carta-comprovante ppgpe Carlos Alexandre_assinado.pdf: 454783 bytes, checksum: 432c7276e75f0f4e6fad3179a91525e2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-05-16 / Não recebi financiamento / This work analyzes the possibility that some of the contents of Astronomy would be introduced in Philosophy classes, verifying its applicability as a proposal for an interdisciplinary activity in high school. The aim of the project was to promote reflection and the creation of concepts with students about their own existence, the human condition on Earth and in the Cosmos. For this, a project was applied in seven classes for a first year high school group of the state school network, at the Francisco Gomes School, municipality of Cravinhos, state of São Paulo. The data was obtained through questionnaires, verbal and written reports and notes of the researcher. The acquisition of knowledge by students both in Astronomy and Philosophy contents is presented, as well as the analysis of this path, seeking the validation of the proposal, being the researcher the teacher of the class itself. The possible tangibility of Astronomy was a starting point to culminate in the inquiries and contents of Philosophy. It was found that both areas make it possible to think about the human condition, its smallness and other aspects related to the human being. In this way, it was verified that interdisciplinarity is possible, between the two convergent areas. A proposal of work in this way can become more attractive to the students, fostering the creation of concepts on the subject of the human being. / Este trabalho analisa a possibilidade de que alguns dos conteúdos de Astronomia sejam introduzidos em aulas de Filosofia, verificando sua aplicabilidade como proposta para uma atividade interdisciplinar em turmas do Ensino Médio. O projeto teve como objetivo promover junto aos alunos uma reflexão e a criação de conceitos sobre a sua própria existência, a condição humana na Terra e no Cosmos. Para isso, foi aplicado um projeto em sete aulas para uma classe de primeiro ano do Ensino Médio da rede estadual de ensino, na Escola Francisco Gomes, município de Cravinhos, estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de questionários, relatos verbais e escritos e anotações do pesquisador. É apresentada a aquisição de conhecimentos pelos alunos tanto em conteúdos de Astronomia quanto de Filosofia, bem como a análise deste itinerário, buscando a validação da proposta, sendo o pesquisador o próprio professor da turma. A tangibilidade possível da Astronomia foi ponto de partida para culminar nas indagações e conteúdos da Filosofia. Verificou-se que ambas as áreas possibilitam o pensar sobre a condição humana, sua pequenez e outros aspectos relacionados ao ser humano. Desta forma, verificou-se que a interdisciplinaridade é possível entre as duas áreas convergentes. Uma proposta de trabalho desta forma pode se tornar mais atrativa aos alunos, propiciando a criação de conceitos sobre a temática do ser humano.