This essay focuses on the reception of Yahya Hassan’s debut YAHYA HASSAN in Swedish media, mainly daily newspapers. Following the work of Magnus Nilsson it analyzes the “reading strategy of the politics of identity” in “immigrant literature” and outlines structural racism in the literary scene. By bringing attention to the critics’ use of this reading strategy, it is possible to unveil the “ethnic filter” through which literature by Swedish authors with a “non-Swedish identity” is being read in contemporary Swedish literary criticism. The concept of “immigrant literature” is discussed as a discourse, rather than as an empirical category. This essay aims to show how the Swedish critics read YAHYA HASSAN through the ethnic filter as a work of “immigrant literature”. The Swedish critics read the collection of poems as a political statement, and had difficulties defining Hassans work as poetry. Rather, it was read as an autobiographical novel in a working class tradition. There had been a long discussion in Swedish literary criticism about the autofictional genre, including a moral debate about the line between fact and fiction in autobiographical works. However, this was left almost unmentioned and Hassans poems were read as true and authentic depictions, something that the author himself contributed to in various ways. The essay also outlines the debate in Swedish media where critics discussed the author’s responsibility as an immigrant, a debate where many critics articulated a fear that the experiences depicted in Hassan’s poems could further inspire an already growing racist movement.

Cette thèse vise à étudier la persistance et l’évolution de la malédiction littéraire dans le champ culturel français des XIXe et XXe siècles. En suivant une approche pluridisciplinaire au croisement de la littérature française, de la littérature comparée et de la sociologie, je montrerai que ce mythe demeure toujours actif et prolifique. Loin de me placer dans la perspective d’une vision sacrée de la littérature, je montrerai enfin comment la figure des auteurs maudits s’insère depuis toujours au sein d’une véritable stratégie éditoriale à des fins de visibilité. Sur la base de ces considérations, mon travail montre comment un phénomène qui appartient à la vie littéraire a pu dépasser ce domaine pour influencer et façonner d’autres disciplines, comme la musique, le cinéma ou la bande dessinée. / This thesis seeks to examine the persistence and the evolution of Literary damnation into the French literary scene of XIXth and XXth centuries. Using an multidisciplinary approach, French literature, comparative literature and sociology, I will show how this myth remains active and prolific. Far from the perspective of a sacred vision of literature finally I will show how the image of the accursed authors is always inserted in a true editorial strategy. My work shows how a phenomen on which belongs to the literary life was able to exceed this domain to influence other disciplines, like the music, the movies or the comics.

O foco desta tese centra-se na investigação do cenário editorial da Serra Gaúcha/RS/Brasil. Ao compreender a literatura como um sistema que se forma a partir de uma ampla e complexa rede de relações, tem-se como objetivo mapear e analisar os mecanismos de produção, publicação e circulação literária na região, sob o ponto de vista de seus escritores e editores. Inicialmente, parte-se de uma ampla pesquisa sobre escritores e obras que compõem a paisagem literária serrana do ano 2000 até 2016, com o propósito de estruturar o panorama de publicações e de produtores de ficção na região. Em seguida, realizam-se entrevistas pessoais com 25 escritores e 4 editores, com o intuito de verificar como eles percebem sua atuação no sistema literário em questão. Finalmente, as entrevistas são tabuladas e analisadas à luz da sociologia da literatura. Fatores sociais, históricos e culturais específicos da região, assim como as condições de produção, difusão, leitura e público literário, compõem os elementos investigativos desta pesquisa e colaboram para que se compreenda a vida literária na Serra Gaúcha, na atualidade. / This thesis focuses on the investigation of the editorial scenario of the Serra Gaúcha/RS/Brazil. Understanding literature as a system that is formed from a wide and complex network of relations, the objective is to map and analyze the literary mechanisms of production and publication in the region, from the perspective of its writers and editors. Initially, it is based on an extensive research on writers and works that compose the literary scenery from 2000 to 2016, with the purpose of structuring the panorama of publications and fiction producers in the region. Then personal interviews with 25 writers and 4 editors are carried out, in order to verify how they perceive their work in the literary system under discussion. Finally, the interviews are tabulated and analyzed according to the sociology of literature. Particular social, historical and cultural factors of the region, as well as the conditions of production, diffusion, reading and literary public, compose the investigative elements of this research and collaborate to understand the literary life in Serra Gaúcha, at the present time.

Neste trabalho, estudaremos os filmes da trilogia Matrix do ponto de vista da figuração. A análise do tecido narrativo dos filmes objeto desse estudo revela uma série de falhas e inconsistências. Essas falhas expõem alguns dilemas da experiência sob o domínio do capitalismo tardio. As zonas de ambigüidade e indefinição que identificamos em Matrix nos orientaram a pensar essa obra cinematográfica como um esforço cognitivo mal resolvido. Essa é a epistemologia travada de Matrix, que será estudada não como uma simples falha de diagnóstico resultante da falta de lucidez cognitiva dos criadores da série, mas sim como um exemplar significativo da exposição de limites da figuração histórica. / In this work, we are going to study the Matrix trilogy from the perspective of figuration. The analysis of the narrative fabric of these movies reveals many failures and inconsistencies. Such failures expose some dilemmas of the experience under the domain of late capitalism. The ambiguity and indetermination zones which we identified in Matrix have led us to think these movies to be an unsolved cognitive effort. This is the jammed epistemology of Matrix, which is going to be analyzed not as a simple diagnosis failure due to the movies\' creator\'s lack of cognitive lucidity, but as a significant example of the exposition of the limits of historical figuration.

Le présent texte propose de questionner le postulat couramment admis selon lequel l'émergence des intellectuels nationalistes au XIXe siècle est parallèle à une déchristianisation de la vie sociale et culturelle, en se focalisant sur l’ensemble des littérateurs norvégiens publiant dans la période 1811-1869. C'est plus spécifiquement les rapports entre Belles-lettres, construction nationale et sécularisation qui constituent le cœur de cette enquête, avec une attention portée sur la principale arène de la vie scientifique norvégienne : l’université de Christiania. Après avoir recensé les contraintes matérielles, politiques et religieuses qui conditionnent le développement de la vie culturelle dans la capitale du jeune royaume, l'auteur propose une analyse socio-historique systématique de tous les littérateurs norvégiens, ainsi qu'un échantillonnage des auteurs les plus productifs afin de déterminer l'évolution des rapports des écrivains, amateurs de Belles-lettres, nationalistes ou scandinavistes, avec le fait religieux et l'Église d'État norvégienne. La notion de "pratique littéraire" permet d'aborder la littérature comme un phénomène social multiforme, au croisement entre l'histoire de l'éducation, histoire des idées, histoire religieuse et sociologie de la littérature, et permet de comprendre les mutations essentielles et les ambigüités indépassables de l’identité sociale des intellectuels contemporains / This paper proposes to question the common assumption according to which the emergence of nationalist intellectuals in the 19th century is parallel to a secularization of the social and cultural life. To do so the author focuses on all Norwegian authors who published between 1811 and 1869. It is specifically the relationship between fine literature, nation-building and church life which is the core of this investigation, with a particular attention towards the main arena of scientific life in Norway: the University of Christiania. The first step has consisted in identifying the material, political and religious constraints which enabled or prevented the development of a literary social field in the capital of the newly restored kingdom. The author proposes then a systematic socio-historical analysis of all Norwegian writers, and a sampling of the most productive among them, in order to determine the evolution of the relations between nationalist or Scandinavist poets, academic authorities and the life of the Norwegian State Church. The notion of "literary practice" can address the literature as a multifaceted social phenomenon at the intersection between the history of education, history of ideas, religious history and sociology of literature, and to understand essential changes and unavoidable ambiguities of the social identity of late-modern intellectuals.

This dissertation deals with Swedish crime fiction and its successes on the Swedish book market in the early 2000s. The genre’s expansion, marketing and literary content is mapped and analysed in three studies that together paint a thorough picture of this literary phenomena in Swedish book trade. In study no 1 the development of the genre in Sweden in the last 40 years is discussed from a quantitative perspective. With the base in bibliographies of Swedish crime fiction publication trends are analysed in several ways and concerning topics such as genre growth, gender balance, publishing houses, successful authorships, bestsellers and library lending. The results include: a significant genre expansion in the 2000s; a great dominance for the genre on the bestseller charts in the 2000s; and a shift in the author group, from male dominance to even gender balance. In study no 2 the marketing of the genre is examined through an analysis of book covers, titles and other elements in the concrete packaging of just over 150 Swedish crime fiction paperbacks. With book history as an important theoretical influence book covers and other peritextual elements are understood as a significant part of the marketing of the genre, but also – and wider – as of crucial importance for how genres themselves are established, withheld and re-negotiated in the interplay between different actors in the society of literature – publishers, authors, booksellers, readers. In study no 3 a quantitative content analysis of 116 Swedish crime novels published 1998–2015 is used to chart and discuss recurring themes and tropes within the genre. Focus is primarily directed towards what is understood as the most central parts of crime fiction: murderers and their motives; methods used in committing murder; victims of murder; and detectives and other protagonists. The results include: a distinct dominance of female protagonists; a partial realism, where depictions of everyday life in general is realistic while the murder plots are spectacular and sensational; and a dominance of normality, where main characters and innocent victims confirms normality, while killers and unsympathetic victims are depicted as deviants in stark contrast with normality.

在這篇論文裡，我們從台灣勵志書籍中主要是考察了一種文學與規訓的歷史。 　　在一九五0年到一九九0年勵志書籍的系譜中，隨著支配肉體與心靈的技術變化的前沿，如果存在著基本的調性，那麼它仍是循著「激勵」、「撫慰」、「教育」、「指導」的功能原則，指向建構規範與認同的目標，勵志書籍則成為一種權力機制。 　　從勵志書籍的文本中，我們可以看出的是規範身心的技術和認同變化。在一九五0年代建構的是政治認同的肉體和心靈、以及與這種認同相聯繫的方法；在一九六、七0年代是經濟認同的肉體和心靈、以及與這種認同相聯繫的技術；到了一九八0年代以後，我們看的是對規範的真理紀律的文化認同，與知識共構，對差異、個體的重視隱藏著「經管」的底蘊。 　　勵志書籍從出現到轉型，體現在權力關係之中。在政治力量、經濟力量與秩序的規範力量介入中，一九五0年代反共戰鬥文學與勵志文學出現，一九六、七0年代現代主義思潮和現代勵志文學轉型，一九八0年代鄉土文學爭端的消弭、個體的誕生與近代勵志文學的成型，在在對肉體和心靈角力，不斷改變的，是權力的意志傾向，是力量鬥爭的最後結果。 　　就權力關係下的個體而言，台灣的勵志書籍在不同時期也呈現了不同的技術。一九五0年代到一九七0年代，重點毋寧在於「分離實踐」(dividing practice)的技術，差別在場域不同和部署的方式不同。一九五0年代是透過獎勵制度拔擢作家、再在物質的生活領域進行佈建，論述部署是「差序格局」結合「修齊治平」道統的原則；一九六、七0年代則是建構經濟性質的精神的分離實踐，結合醫學的隱喻，呈現出「經濟達爾文主義的公民」形象，體現為「階級」劃分的雛形；一九八0年代則是「差異的經管」，一方面是透過「認識自我」的心靈的技術性繳械，一方面是「建構自我」的肉體的解剖式武裝，達成規範的秩序。

Cette thèse se propose de reconsidérer la naissance du surréalisme dans la période entre 1917 et la publication du Manifeste du surréalisme en 1924. La première partie se concentre sur les années 1917-1918 et montre comment Aragon, Breton et Soupault ont tissé leurs réseaux pour s'insérer dans le champ littéraire avant de créer la revue Littérature. En même temps le désir et la nécessité de publier pour atteindre la légitimité entrent en conflit avec un esprit de groupe et des exigences différentes révélant une délicate stratégie entre adhésion et subversion. Le prétexte d'un essai sur le lyrisme demandé par Reverdy à Breton est l'occasion de mesurer la distance qui se creuse entre les trois amis et la génération des poètes aînés afin d'apprécier les chemins qu'ils ont emprunté pour renouveler l'écriture de la poésie en allant vers l'horizon plus ambitieux d'une critique du langage. Dans la deuxième partie, qui traite des 1919-1924, est d’abord considéré le rapport entre la poésie et l’espace public à la lumière de l’essor de la presse. Enfin, à partir des revues artistiques et littéraires est esquissée une cartographie des tendances esthétiques et idéologiques d'où émerge le surréalisme. Le corpus est constitué par les revues qui « entourent  » Littérature, c'est à dire qui forment le premier cercle autour de cette revue, au sens où elles sont mentionnées dans les rubriques consacrées aux revues et où elles accueillent parfois la signature des poètes du sommaire. Cet échantillon représentatif du champ littéraire permet de montrer le socle commun du surréalisme naissant aux modernistes et aux avant-gardes et, inversement, les lignes de fuite qui les distinguent. Cette étude s’inscrit ainsi à la croisée de la sociologie, de l’histoire et de la poétique. / This dissertation aims to shed new light on the birth of surrealism in the period stretching from 1917 and the publication of Breton’s Manifeste du surréalisme in 1924. The first part of the thesis focuses on 1917 and 1918, highlighting how Aragon, Breton and Soupault built their networks in order to establish a place for themselves in the literary field before they went on to found the journal Littérature. The desire to publish, and the necessity to do so in order to acquire legitimacy, nevertheless conflicts with a strong group spirit as well as diverging demands, which reveal subtle strategies ranging from compliance to subversion. The occasion of an essay on lyricism that Reverdy commissioned Breton to write enables us to measure the distance that had come to separate the three poets from the preceding generation, and to explore the paths they followed as they strived to transform poetic writing and give it a broader horizon: that of being a critique of language itself. In the second part of the dissertation, which deals with the 1919-1924 period, we set out to examine first and foremost the relationship between poetry and public space, taking the rise of the press as a vanishing point. We then look at the landscape of the artistic and literary magazines of the time in order to sketch a map of the aesthetic and ideological orientations from which surrealism emerged. The corpus is formed of the reviews which “revolve” around Littérature, in other words the reviews which are related to it either because they are cited in the sections of the journal dedicated to other contemporary magazines, or because they involved the participation of the poets of the Littérature group themselves. This representative sample of the literary field allows us to reveal the shared foundation of surrealism, the modernists and the avant-gardes, but also the divergences that distinguishes it from them. This study thus places itself at the intersection of literary history, the sociology of literature, and literary criticism.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-10T11:26:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Estramanho de Almeida.pdf: 295690075 bytes, checksum: 6d71c2e680eaaaf59e94e3fb26dfd234 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-10T11:26:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rodrigo Estramanho de Almeida.pdf: 295690075 bytes, checksum: 6d71c2e680eaaaf59e94e3fb26dfd234 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-05 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This thesis aims to carry out an analysis of the Brazilian novel “The Guarani” (1857) by José de Alencar (1829-1877) undertaking a sociological understanding about a book written in the mid-nineteenth century Brazil that was transfigured into a national myth. This initial question does unfold others since it is a novel widely imitated in hundreds of versions carried out over more than 150 years in various formats and media, such as opera, music, cinema, theater, literature and comics. Therefore, the present work is an attempt to comprehend the conditions under which the author conceived his book, analyzing also its storyline and its adaptations in order to prepare a thesis on the consecration of a literary product, its transfiguration into the imaginary field as well as in the Brazilian political culture. Thus, in our proposal, fiction and reality amalgamate each other so that one can know the composition and permanence aspects of “The Guarani” novel in a dependent and peripheral capitalist country / A presente tese é uma proposta de análise de O Guarani: romance brasileiro (1857) de José de Alencar (1829-1877). O objetivo do trabalho é empreender uma compreensão sociológica da obra a fim de perscrutar como um livro escrito em meados do século XIX no Brasil se transfigurou em um mito nacional. Essa pergunta inicial faz desdobrar outras, uma vez que se trata de um romance fartamente imitado em centenas de versões e adaptações realizadas ao longo de mais de 150 anos em diversos formatos e mídias, tais como ópera, música, cinema, teatro, literatura e quadrinhos. Assim, o presente trabalho é uma tentativa de compreensão das condições nas quais o livro foi pensado e realizado por seu autor, analisando, também, seu enredo, bem como suas versões e adaptações a fim de elaborar uma tese sobre a consagração de um produto literário, bem como sua transfiguração no imaginário e na cultura política do país. Deste modo, em nossa proposta, ficção e realidade se fundem para que se possa conhecer aspectos de composição e permanência de um romance, O Guarani, em país de capitalismo dependente e periférico, o Brasil

Através das representações da violência presentes nas obras ficcionais escritas por Ivan Ângelo A Festa (1976) e A casa de vidro (1979), durante a Ditadura do Pós-64, é possível relacionar o discurso literário às dimensões sociais. Pelo crivo da história e conceitos originários da Crítica Literária e da Literatura Comparada aplicados ao campo da Sociologia da Literatura, é possível compreender com sensibilidade e rigor alguns episódios e elementos da vida social brasileira, tais como: o papel do escritor em tempos de repressão à liberdade de expressão. Esse exercício reflexivo, arriscado e recente na sociologia materializa tanto os estudos literários quanto os sociológicos, de modo que o imaginário adquire status de objeto social, o que introduz, na análise sociológica dos textos (verbais e imagéticos) e suas circunstâncias de produção, a afirmação de uma das características mais sociais e humanas: a narratividade. A escrita criativa é uma fonte de acesso a posicionamentos tanto estéticos quanto políticos, e através dessas interfaces mesclam-se a memória, o esquecimento e a construção da ideia do passado. Por isso, a prática da leitura sob essa via ressignifica o sentido do presente e avança um passo a mais em direção à literatura como um fato social inegável e como ato ao mesmo tempo individual e coletivo que persiste através dos tempos e da cultura nacional. / It is possible to establish relations with literary discourse and social dimensions by means of the representations of violence existent in the fictional works The celebration (1976) and The tower of glass (1979) written by Ivan Ângelo during the Post-64 dictatorship. It is conceivable to comprehend sensibly and rigorously some episodes and elements of Brazilian social life, such as the role of the writer in times of freedom of expression repression by sifting through history and concepts from Literary Criticism and Comparative Literature applied to the field of Sociology of Literature. This risky and recent in sociology reflexive exercise enriches the study of literature and sociology in a way that fictional thought receives status of social object which introduces the statement of one of the most social and human features, the storytelling, in the sociological analysis of verbal and imagery texts and their production circumstances. Creative writing is a source of entry to both aesthetic and political positioning and, through these interfaces, memory, oblivion and the construction of the past are all mixed. Therefore, the practice of reading under this comprehension reframes the meaning of the present and advances another step towards literature as an undeniable and social fact and also as a fact that is at the same time individual and collective and that persists through time and through national culture.