This study explores the use of computer simulations to supplement learning in Science lessons, specifically the photoelectric effect. This study uses the Felder and Silverman Learning Style Model (FSLSM) as a theoretical framework to investigate the use of simulations as it provides a useful lens through which to explore the consistent way in which a person learns regardless of the teaching method or content learnt. Using this theoretical framework, this research investigates the experiences of learners with different learning styles when an interactive computer simulation is used to aid teaching the photoelectric effect in Physical Science. This case study used qualitative data collected from 17 computer literate Grade 12 learners in three different classes at a secondary school in Nelspruit, Mpumalanga. Analysis of the data collected in this study shows that when the simulation is used in Science, the learning experience of the learners is enhanced. Positive experiences for all four the Dimensions in the FSLSM could be indentified when the ICS was used and this could be linked to specific learning styles. Sensory and Intuitive learners enjoyed conducting the experiment that would normally require unsafe conditions and that the experiment could be set up quickly and with ease. The different dimension brought about by using the ICS was enjoyed by Intuitive learners. The visualisation of the abstract physical systems enhanced the learning for Visual and Verbal learners, whilst Global and Sequential learners felt that they gained a deeper understanding of the photoelectric phenomenon by using the ICS. Reflective learners enjoyed the precision of their pseudo-experimental data, but the Active learners felt that they did not understand the graphs given in the ICS. The interactive control variables and the fact that the learners had an option to work in either a group or on their own, benefitted both Active and Reflective learners. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / unrestricted

The study is aimed at the development of a Practice Model for Private Practice Management in Social work. It is evident from the literature that no practice model for private practice management exists, peculiar to the nature and modus operandi of Social work. A further problem is that the knowledge base of Social work is often derived and adopted from other professions and disciplines to address problem areas in Social work private practice. The problem lies far deeper. The lack of a practice model for private practice management also implies the lack of guidelines on how to employ social workers within the field of private practice. Poor remuneration and socio-economic change in the external environment put financial and emotional pressure on the social worker, which causes him to leave the social work profession. With reference to the above mentioned the researcher developed a practise model for private practice management in Social work to an extend that the content nature and magnitude of private practice is being familiarised and utilised in practice through this practise model. In order to reach this goal, a theoretical frame of reference for private practice management in Social work is created, the profile of existing private practices in South Africa is explored, a practice model for private practice management is developed through the intervention research model and the developed practice model's value is evaluated through focus groups consisting of private practitioners. Interdependent herewith all relevant concepts, principles, processes and elements as components of a practice model is investigated in both the field of social work and economic and management sciences. From the economic and management science a distinction is made between aspects applicable within entrepreneurship and management to private practice management. Based on a comprehensive literature study the practice model is developed and supported by a secondary data analysis from the national databank of the South African Social Workers in Private Practice. The utilisation value of the developed model is evaluated through three separate focus groups consisting of social workers in private practice. The qualitative data analysed through this process is carefully incorporated into a final practice model. Conclusions and recommendations as a result of the research process conclude the study. Copyright 2004, University of Pretoria. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of Pretoria. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the University of Pretoria. Please cite as follows: Bloem, CHM 2004, 'n Praktykmodel vir privaatpraktykbestuur in maatskaplike werk (Afrikaans), PhD thesis, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, viewed yymmdd < http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-12152006-111832 / > / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work and Criminology / Unrestricted

This study explores the use of computer simulations to supplement learning in Science lessons, specifically the photoelectric effect. This study uses the Felder and Silverman Learning Style Model (FSLSM) as a theoretical framework to investigate the use of simulations as it provides a useful lens through which to explore the consistent way in which a person learns regardless of the teaching method or content learnt. Using this theoretical framework, this research investigates the experiences of learners with different learning styles when an interactive computer simulation is used to aid teaching the photoelectric effect in Physical Science. This case study used qualitative data collected from 17 computer literate Grade 12 learners in three different classes at a secondary school in Nelspruit, Mpumalanga. Analysis of the data collected in this study shows that when the simulation is used in Science, the learning experience of the learners is enhanced. Positive experiences for all four the Dimensions in the FSLSM could be indentified when the ICS was used and this could be linked to specific learning styles. Sensory and Intuitive learners enjoyed conducting the experiment that would normally require unsafe conditions and that the experiment could be set up quickly and with ease. The different dimension brought about by using the ICS was enjoyed by Intuitive learners. The visualisation of the abstract physical systems enhanced the learning for Visual and Verbal learners, whilst Global and Sequential learners felt that they gained a deeper understanding of the photoelectric phenomenon by using the ICS. Reflective learners enjoyed the precision of their pseudo-experimental data, but the Active learners felt that they did not understand the graphs given in the ICS. The interactive control variables and the fact that the learners had an option to work in either a group or on their own, benefitted both Active and Reflective learners. / Dissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Science, Mathematics and Technology Education / unrestricted

This thesis examines and discusses how creolisation theory has influenced the material culture of enslaved people from former Danish West Indies plantations. The essay contends that creolisation is the theory required to advance slavery studies because it demonstrates how enslaved people created their own identity, belonging, and kept African cultures and customs alive despite being socially dead. This was accomplished through an examination of the amount of material discovered at archaeological investigations on former Danish plantations within slave contexts. Through the presentation and analysis of "Afro-Cruzan" ceramics, beads, shells, and pipe fragments, the thesis discusses and argues how the abundance of various objects from enslaved communities is evidence of long-term preservation of cultures, cultural identity, and expression. Furthermore, the usefulness of creolisation theory is emphasised because it is argued to have been developed with a post-processual perspective, avoiding the normative theorisation that has based slavery studies on a perspective in which the enslaved were only marginalised. Finally, the discussion emphasises the importance of remaining critical of how theories and theoretical frameworks have been applied in archaeological studies on slavery, as well as the need to broaden perspectives and include other Scandinavian countries, such as Sweden. / Den här uppsatsen analyserar och diskuterar hur materiell kultur från förslavade människor från plantage tidigare tillhörande danska Västindien är bevis för kreolisering. Uppsatsen argumenterar för hur kreolisering är den teori som krävs för att fortskrida inom studier gällande slaveri då det belyser hur förslavade individer lyckades skapade en egen identitet, samhörighet samt bibehöll sina kulturer och seder levande trots att de ansågs vara socialt döda. Detta görs genom att analysera kvantiteten av påträffat material under arkeologiska undersökningar inom slavkontexter på före detta plantage på de danska kolonierna. Uppsatsen presenterar och analyserar material i form av så kallat ”Afro-Cruzan” keramik, pärlor, snäckskal och pipfragment som används för att diskutera och argumentera för hur den höga kvantiteten av diverse föremål från slavsamhällen är bevis på ett långsiktigt bevarande av kulturer och kulturella identitet och uttryck samt de förslavades bibehållna agens. Vidare belyses även hur kreoliseringsteorin är mer applicerbar med hänsyn till att teorin tycks att ha skapats ur ett post-processuellt perspektiv då det undviker den normativa mentaliteten och teoretisering att slaveristudier grundas i ett perspektiv där de förslavade var endast varor inom ett socio-ekonomiskt samhälle.Diskussionen leder slutligen till hur det är väsentligt att bibehålla ett kritiskt öga om hur teorier och teoretiska ramverk har använts inom arkeologiska studier om slaveri samt hur det är nödvändigt att vidga perspektiven och inkludera andra skandinaviska länder, så som Sverige.

Dans un monde qui est en numérisation constante, la dépendance aux outils technologiques est devenue inévitable. La pandémie de COVID-19 a encore accéléré la tendance vers le travail et l'éducation à distance, entraînant une augmentation de l'activité en ligne et de l'échange de données. Cependant, malgré cette augmentation de l'activité en ligne, le niveau de sensibilisation à la cybersécurité chez un nombre important d'utilisateurs reste insuffisant. De nombreux utilisateurs manquent d'une éducation appropriée en matière de cybersécurité et de confidentialité en ligne et démontrent une compréhension insuffisante de la sensibilité de leurs données. Nous avons mené une enquête auprès de plus de 300 utilisateurs qui a confirmé que le besoin de contenu de meilleure qualité était évident. Les jeux éducatifs ont démontré leur efficacité en tant qu'outils d'enseignement et d'apprentissage, en particulier pour vulgariser des sujets qui nécessitent généralement une connaissance approfondie pour être maîtrisés. Cependant, des défis sont associés quant à la qualité et à l'évaluation des jeux sérieux, car plusieurs aspects de l’amusement sont subjectifs et intangibles. Motivée par le besoin de jeux éducatifs "de haute qualité" améliorés, cette thèse construit une échelle pour affiner les critères mentionnés par l'évaluation des jeux sérieux de Caserman et l'applique à 45 jeux de cybersécurité. L'évaluation a révélé une insuffisance dans les critères de l’amusement, en particulier le manque d'adaptation dynamique. En conséquence, cette étude propose le cadre de jeu de cybersécurité EVNAG (Educational Visual Novel Adaptive Game), qui s'articule autour de l'adaptation dynamique de la difficulté comme solution à ce problème. Inspiré par cette architecture, le roman visuel de cybersécurité "Grown-Up Blues" a été implémenté. La thèse contribue au corpus croissant de recherches sur les jeux éducatifs en cybersécurité et fournit des idées pour concevoir des jeux éducatifs efficaces qui améliorent l'éducation en matière de cybersécurité. / In a world that continues to be increasingly digitalized, the dependency on technological tools has become unavoidable. The COVID-19 pandemic has further accelerated the trend towards remote work and education, leading to an increase in online activity and data exchange. However, despite this surge in online activity, the level of cybersecurity awareness among a significant number of users remains inadequate. Many users lack proper education on cybersecurity and online privacy and demonstrate a lack of understanding of the sensitivity of their data. A survey we conducted on more than 300 users confirmed that the need for more quality content was blatant. Educational games have demonstrated their effectiveness as teaching and learning tools, particularly in vulgarizing topics generally requiring in-depth knowledge to master. However, challenges are associated with the quality and assessment of serious games, as multiple aspects of game enjoyment are subjective and intangible. Motivated by the need for improved “high quality” educational games, this thesis builds a scale to refine the criteria mentioned by Caserman’s assessment of serious games and applies that to 45 cybersecurity games. The assessment indicated a deficiency in the enjoyment criteria, specifically the lack of dynamic adaptation. As a result, this study proposes the EVNAG (Educational Visual Novel Adaptive Game) cybersecurity game framework, which centers on Dynamic Difficulty Adaptation as a solution to this issue. Inspired by this architecture, the cybersecurity visual novel “Grown-Up Blues” was implemented. The thesis contributes to the growing body of research on educational games in cybersecurity and provides insights for designing effective educational games that enhance cybersecurity education.

<p>The thesis presents three papers discussing some of the methodological issues regarding studies investigating complex community-based cardiovascular health interventions. All three studies involved the Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP), a standardised blood pressure and risk factor assessment and educational sessions held in pharmacies or other locally accessible areas in small to mid-sized communities in Ontario, Canada.</p> <p>The first paper reviews the literature and proposes a guide on how to develop a theoretical framework for complex community-based interventions using CHAP as an example. The paper describes a stepwise process of developing a theoretical framework including challenges encountered and strategies employed to overcome them.</p> <p>The second paper presents how recently published randomized controlled trials evaluating complex community-based cardiovascular health interventions monitored and reported implementation fidelity based on a structured review of the published articles and a survey of their primary authors. The results showed that fidelity reporting of included studies was better than those described in previous reviews. Fidelity was verified through self-reports by implementers and supervision by researchers. Strategies described to standardize intervention delivery were through training of implementers and use of implementation guides. The authors’ survey results were consistent with the review results though there were some gaps which could be improved to strengthen fidelity reporting.</p> <p>A data analysis issue with studies investigating complex community-based interventions is that outcomes can be affected by factors from multiple levels. The third paper explores the association of individual, partnership, and community-related factors with CHAP participants’ use of health-related community resources and cardiovascular risk behaviours. This was a cross-sectional analysis of an on-going cohort study. The results showed that individual factors (age and self-efficacy) had the most consistent association with the outcomes. Community and partnership level variables showed less consistent association with the outcome. Methodological and analytical challenges were presented.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

The Holocaust represented humanities first confrontation with unparalleled destruction and evil unchecked. It continues to impact upon the lives of survivors, their children- the second generation- and generations thereafter. The study aimed to provide the second generation with a voice. Their roles within their respective family systems and the impact of the Holocaust upon them are explored. The theoretical framework is social constructionism. One-on-one in-depth interviews were conducted with three adults whose parent/s are survivors. The manner of analysis was `Hermeneutic.' The participants' narratives took the form of interview transcripts. These were analysed and themed by the researcher. Themes that repeated themselves were elaborated upon and later linked with the available literature. The researcher hopes that the dissertation will contribute to existing research on the multigenerational effects of trauma in relation to familial and individual roles and memory. / Psychology / M. A. (Clinical Psychology)

Si l’approche par compétences au Canada et aux États-Unis est particulièrement valorisée pour orienter la pratique des professionnels de la santé (PDS) – et en bioéthique clinique –, les travaux permettant de mieux comprendre les fondements psychologiques, ontologiques et philosophiques de ces compétences sont peu présents dans la littérature en bioéthique. Les principaux outils actuellement disponibles se divisent généralement en quatre principales catégories : 1) les documents officiels (codes de déontologie, règlements institutionnels, etc.); 2) les principales théories éthiques (éthique de la discussion, éthique de la vertu, principisme, etc.); 3) les ouvrages de référence scientifiques; 4) les outils de prise de décision éthique. Ces documents sont des incontournables pour les bioéthiciens et les PDS, mais leur disparité, voire leur contenu parfois contradictoire, jumelée à une compréhension limitée de l’éthique, est souvent source de confusion dans les processus décisionnels et peut être la cause de comportements ne répondant pas aux standards éthiques des pratiques professionnelles. Notre recherche constitue une réflexion qui s’inscrit en amont de ces outils dont le caractère pragmatique a le désavantage de simplifier la réflexion théorique au profit de données plus concrètes. Nos travaux visent à développer les bases d’un modèle flexible et inclusif – le modèle de la déontologie réflexive (MDR) – permettant de : 1) poser les principaux repères philosophiques, sociaux et déontologiques des problématiques éthiques rencontrées en pratique; 2) saisir les principales tensions éthiques inhérentes à cette complexité; 3) mieux comprendre, dans une perspective psychologique et développementale, les exigences personnelles et professionnelles qu’impose le statut de professionnel de la santé dans le contexte actuel des soins de santé. Entreprise théorique, ce projet consiste principalement à mettre en relation dynamique un ensemble de dimensions (légale, éthique, clinique, sociale, psychologique) à l’oeuvre dans la rencontre du bioéthicien et du PDS avec la complexité des situations éthiques, en s’inspirant du concept de sensibilité éthique de la « petite éthique » de Paul Ricoeur (1990), du modèle des quatre composantes de Rest (1994) et de la théorie du soi et des modes identitaires d’Augusto Blasi (1993). Ce processus implique trois étapes successives : 1) une mise en ii perspective de la posture épistémologique particulière du bioéthicien et du PDS à la lumière de la « petite éthique » de Ricoeur; 2) une revue de la littérature interdisciplinaire sur le concept de sensibilité éthique afin d’en proposer une définition et de le mettre en perspective avec d’autres compétences éthiques; 3) le développement d’un cadre de référence en matière d’identité éthique professionnelle (professional ethics identity tendencies, PEIT), inspiré de la théorie du soi et des modes identitaires de Blasi. Ces PEIT proposent un repère normatif aux exigences liées à la construction de l'identité en contexte de pratique des PDS et suggèrent des pistes de réflexion quant à la formation et à la recherche en éthique professionnelle. Cette recherche souhaite établir des fondements théoriques pour le développement ultérieur du modèle de la déontologie réflexive (MDR). / If the competency approach seems to be particularly valorised in Canada and in the United States for orienting the practice of health care professionals (HCP) – and in clinical bioethics – material that could provide with a better understanding of the psychological, ontological and philosophical foundations of these competencies seems rather limited in the bioethical literature. The tools that are generally available can be divided into four main categories: 1) official documents (e.g., code of ethics, institutional policies); 2) the main ethical theories (e.g., virtue ethics, theories of justice, principlism); 3) scientific references (e.g., journals, books); 4) decision-making tools. These documents are important for bioethicists and HCPs, but their disparities and even contradictions, coupled with poor knowledge in professional ethics, may be a significant source of confusion in the decision making process and even lead to behaviour that does not meet the ethical standards of HCP. This thesis is an upstream reflection regarding these tools, whose pragmatic character has the disadvantage of simplifying theoretical reflection at the benefit of more concrete evidence useful for practical decision making. This project aims at developing the foundations for a flexible and inclusive model – a model of deontological reflexivity (MDR) – that will: 1) present the main philosophical, psychological, sociological and deontological landmarks characterising ethical issues encountered in practice; 2) understand, from a psychological and developmental perspective, the personal and professional requirements inherent to the status of the health care professional in the current context of health care. A theoretical enterprise, this project primarily consists in relating, in a dynamic manner, a variety of dimensions (legal, ethical, clinical, psychological) at work in complex ethical situations encountered by HCPs and bioethicists, inspired by the concept of ethical sensitivity, the “petite éthique” of Paul Ricoeur (1990), the self theory along with Blasi's Identity modes (Blasi, 1993). The analysis process will consist in three successive phases: 1) a putting into perspective of the bioethicist's and HCPs’ epistemological posture in light of the “petite éthique” of Paul Ricoeur (1990); 2) an interdisciplinary literature review of “ethical sensitivity” in order to propose a definition of the concept and place it into perspective with other ethical competencies; 3) the development of a framework regarding professional ethics iv and identity (professional ethics identity tendencies, PEIT), inspired both by the self theory and Blasi's Identity modes. These PEITs provide a normative benchmark related to the construction of identity in the health care context and suggest some innovative avenues for professional ethics research and education. This research wish to elaborate the theoretical foundations that will be utilised further in the future to develop the model of deontological reflexivity (MDR).

By using a natural experiment approach and longitudinal national hospital data, this study sheds light on the objective functions of hospitals with different ownership forms by comparing their relative reductions in HH provision after the implementation of the BBA. The empirical findings reveal that for-profit hospitals behave differently as compared to public and private nonprofit hospitals, due to their different operational objectives. While the response of for-profit hospitals is consistent with the profit-maximizer model, both public and private nonprofit ownership types behave consistently in accordance with the model of two-good producers whose objective is to maximize market outputs for meeting the health care needs of the community, given the break-even requirement. This finding provides support for the tax exemption the United States government has granted private nonprofit hospitals. Although the response patterns of the nonprofit ownership types are in general similar, this study found that, contrary to expectation, religious hospitals were more likely than secular nonprofit hospitals to have reduced HH provision after the BBA. Further studies are needed to explore the difference in operational behaviors between these two ownership types. Built on previous related studies and applying a more comprehensive set of independent and control variables with improved data sources, this study is able to examine the effects of certain organizational and market factors on hospital offering of HH care pre-BBA and the change in the provision of HH care in the six years following the implementation of the BBA. Hospital proportion of Medicare patients, hospital size, total profit margin, case mix index, elderly density in the market are found to be positive determinants of a hospital’s likelihood of offering HH care. However, these organizational and market factors, in general, play a non-significant role in influencing hospitals’ changes in HH care provision after the implementation of the BBA. In the study, explanations and implications of these finding are discussed. Finally, potential limitations to this study and opportunities for future research are addressed.

Community art is a multidisciplinary practice that was engendered by two main perspectives on art; a functionalist approach and an ‘art as essential to humanity’ approach. These differing ideological positions led to the construction of polarizing dichotomies that divided the field of practice and stagnated the community art discourse. This thesis re-visions community art as transformative community art (T.C.A.) to integrate a diverse range of practice into a distinct, recognizable field, transcend the binaries inherited from its founding fields, and identify the field as an innovative artistic movement and radical practice for social change. In this thesis T.C.A. is employed as a framework for theorizing practice. Threats to T.C.A. from funding structures, cooptation, and institutionalisation are explored and strategies of resistance identified. The concept of T.C.A. is mobilized to identify areas for future work; raising questions and ideas that can contribute to advancing a more complex, nuanced, and productive discourse.