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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
191

O processo de inovação no método de contratação de empresas terceirizadas pelo setor público : um estudo de multicaso em três instituições governamentais

Gonçalves, Rachel Kerber January 2017 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo é realizar a avaliação da estrutura de três instituições públicas com relação às propostas de inovação organizacional por meio das mudanças em seus processos de trabalho. Este estudo abrange os contratos terceirizados realizados por meio de processo licitatório com a utilização de Acordo de Nível de Serviço (ANS), que possui critérios objetivos de mensuração dos resultados contratados. Isso permite adequar o pagamento das faturas dos contratos de acordo com a quantidade e qualidade dos serviços prestados, constituindo o processo inovativo a ser estudado neste trabalho. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com servidores das áreas que atuam desde o planejamento até o acompanhamento e execução dos contratos terceirizados continuados de forma a verificar a percepção com relação à inovação em sua instituição, cultura organizacional e apoio da alta administração. Dentre os contratos terceirizados, optou-se por avaliar os serviços prestados referente ao contrato específico de limpeza. Identificou-se que a instituição A possui a contratação por posto de trabalho sem que haja uma avaliação especifica para a qualidade dos serviços prestados vinculado ao pagamento da fatura, mesmo com total abertura para projetos inovadores. Esse modelo de contratação, atualmente, supre com as demandas da instituição. Já as instituições B e C possuem a contratação com utilização de ANS. Apesar de possuírem obstáculos com relação à adoção de inovação, observou-se que essas duas instituições possuem um modelo diferenciado de gerir seus contratos com inovação em seu processo. Verificou-se que as três instituições conseguem atingir os objetivos esperados para os contratos apresentados tais como a qualidade na entrega dos serviços prestados e o correto pagamento da fatura com relação ao serviço executado. Apesar disso, como existe a possibilidade de contratar futuramente uma empresa que não atinja a qualidade esperada ou que não tenha a competência para tal, é importante avaliar a implantação do ANS nos contratos futuros. / This paper aims to evaluate the structure of three public institutions’ regarding the proposals for organisational innovation through changes in their work processes. This study includes third-party vendors contracts through a bidding process with the use of Service Level Agreements (ANS in Brazil), which has objectives evaluates contracts. This allows adjusting the payment of the contracts according to the quantity and quality of the services provided, constituting the innovative process to be studied in this work. For that, interviews with workers in areas from planning to execution of continued third-party contracts were conducted to check the perception of innovation in their institution, organisational culture and managers’ support. Among the outsourced contracts, we opted to evaluate the services referring to the specific cleaning contract. The institution A has the type of contract by workstation without specifically check the quality of services provided which were paid, even with possibility for innovative projects. This contracting model currently meets the demands of the institution A. Institutions B and C follows Service Level Agreements. Despite they usually reach an impasse on innovation process, it was noted that these two institutions follows a particular model to manage their contracts with innovation. It was verified that the three institutions achieves the goals expected for contracts provided, which consists in the quality of services provided, followed by the due payment. The evaluate of the employment of Service Level Agreements is important, because there are no guarantees that a future contract will reach the expected quality.
192

Leveraging a third-party association in Silicon Valley : Conceptualising Born Global Firm processes for Innovation & Internationalisation

Eklund, Joakim, Isaksson, Fred January 2018 (has links)
The academic society have in the recent past addressed the current ecosystem for new and existing business as a knowledge society. An era of globalisation and advanced technologies, where tacit knowledge has become an essential commodity for all firms in all industries looking to maintain a competitive level of productivity. Consequently, a substantial number of young companies are emerging worldwide with an exogenous approach of receiving knowledge as input in their process of being innovative. They leverage externalities rather than internal research and development. A suggested way of doing this is by utilising the natural advantages and values of an area, often remote from their country of residence. In this study, we suggest that this seeking of regions dense in innovative activity gives rise to young companies performing of international operations. We presume that business is becoming increasingly borderless, and assume the perspective of companies with innate international ambitions, born global firms. We suggest that the reason for early international activity varies from seeking new foreign markets to merely gaining from the input of outside expertise in offshore areas, dense in innovative activities. Following, we use the case of a local third-party association, namely the Nordic Innovation House in Silicon Valley to partly study why and how firms leverage values in the area and further the role of the association. This is done in the context of streamlining innovative and international activity. Findings verify that seeking knowledge as input in the process of innovation is a driving force to international activities. Allowing for interesting connections between previously separated concepts. Furthermore, we account for how a firm leverages the natural advantages and values of an spatially defined area. Finally, we confirm that being able to connect with the right people and gaining relevant knowledge is done with considerably more ease and to a significantly lower cost with the help of a third-party association. Consequently, the firms exhibited accelerated and more efficient processes of innovation and internationalisation.
193

Från Asien via Borås : Hur importföretag i Sverige kan minska lagerhållna volymer samt genomflöde i sina centrallager / From Asia via Borås : How import companies in Sweden can reduce inventory and goods flow in their central warehouses

Lindqvist, Anna January 2018 (has links)
Syftet med arbetet har varit att studera hemtagningen av varor ifrån Asien till Sverige, och ta fram olika förbättringsförslag på hur importföretag inom klädindustrin kan minska lagerhållna volymer samt genomflöde i sina centrallager. Detta har gjorts med hjälp av ett textilföretag i, Borås, som tillverkar och importera alla sina produkter ifrån Asien. Textilföretaget vill vara anonyma, därför har författaren av rapporten valt att kalla det för Företag X. Företag X omsätter cirka 500 miljoner, och i dagsläget mellanlandar allt gods i deras centrallagret i Borås. Delar av godset är redan vid produktion öronmärkt till specifik återförsäljare, därför har författaren valt att koncentrera sig på just dessa flöden i rapporten för att avgränsa arbetet något. Rapportens syfte är med andra ord att ta fram olika scenarier som visar på hur detta gods kan levereras direkt ut till respektive återförsäljare, utan att behöva ta omvägen via Borås.För att hitta för- och nackdelar med de olika scenarier gjordes det inledningsvis en litteraturstudie för att skapa en gedigen informationsgrund att utgå ifrån. Sedan genomfördes ett flertal studiebesök och semistrukturerade intervjuer med inblandade parter i försörjningskedjan. Respondenterna var många och från flera olika företag och positioner, allt för att få resultatet så gynnsamt som möjligt för alla inblandade.Analysen visar på tre olika scenarier, utifrån Företag X’s förutsättningar och arbetets avgränsningar, som alla bidrar till att Företag X kan minska sina lagerhållna volymer samt genomflöde i sitt centrallager.Scenario 1 innebär att återförsäljaren tar över ansvaret av godset redan i en hub i Asien. Godset sorteras ut till respektive återförsäljare redan i fabriken alternativt i en hub/terminal i Asien, innan återförsäljaren möter upp och tar över ansvaret vid hubben. Det är då upp till återförsäljaren hur den vill frakta godset från Asien till Sverige, och Företag X släpper där med allt ansvar. Detta scenario innebär att försörjningskedjan är kort och kostnadsfokuserad och Företag X kommer kunna minska de kostnader som uppstår kring frakt och hemtagning av godset.Scenario 2 innebär att återförsäljaren tar över ansvaret för godset vid en terminal/hub i Göteborg. Godset har då cross-dockats (sorterats upp till respektive återförsäljare) antingen i en hub/terminal i Asien eller så görs det i terminalen/hubben i Göteborg. Från hubben i Göteborg är det sedan återförsäljarens ansvar att sköta frakten till sitt eget lager.Scenario 3 är likvärdigt hur det ser ut för Företag X idag, att återförsäljaren tar över ansvaret för godset först när det anlänt till deras lastbrygga. Skillnaden är dock att det gods som redan är öronmärkt till återförsäljare inte mellanlandar i centrallagret i Borås. Istället cross-dockas godset i en hub i Asien, alternativt i en hub i Göteborg.Författaren anser dock att Företag X själva ska göra en djupare efterforskning innan ett scenario eventuellt implementeras, då författaren av rapporten inte hade tillgång till all inköp- och försäljningsdata.vEn slutsats som har dragits och som presenteras i resultatet är att scenario 3 bör vara mest gynnsamt för Företag X i dagsläget och även på lång sikt. De behåller då maximal kontroll av leveransen, vilket innebär att pris- och tillverkningsinformation inte riskerar att hamna i fel händer, vilket skulle kunna resultera i kundbortfall och nya starka konkurrenter. / The purpose of this report was to study the imports of goods from Asia to Sweden, and to present improvements on how companies in the textile industry can reduce their inventory volumes and goods flow in their central warehouse. The study has been done with a little help from a textile company in Borås, which manufactures and imports all their products from Asia. The textile company wants to be anonymous, therefore the author of this report has chosen to entitle it as Company X. Company X has a turnover of approximately 500 million SEK, and they currently interlining all their goods in their central warehouse in Borås. Parts of the goods are already earmarked for specific retailers, therefore the author has chosen to concentrate on these flows only, to delimit the work a bit. In other words, the purpose of the report is to provide different scenarios that show how the goods can be delivered directly to their retailers, without having to take the route through Borås.In order to find the pros and cons of the different scenarios, a literature study was initially made to create a solid information base. Then several visits at Company X and semi structured interviews were conducted with different stakeholders in the supply chain. There were several respondents from different companies and positions, all to make the results of the study as beneficial as possible for all involved.The analysis shows three different scenarios, based on Company X's prerequisites and work delimitations, which all contributes to a reduce of Company X stored volumes and goods flow in its central warehouse.Scenario 1: The retailer takes over the responsibility of the goods already in a hub in Asia. The goods are sorted out to respective retailer already in the factory or in a hub/terminal in Asia, before the retailer meets up and take over the responsibility of the goods at the hub. Then it is up to the retailer how they want to ship the goods from Asia to Sweden, and at that time Company X releases all the responsibility. This scenario means that the supply chain is short and cost-focused, and Company X will be able to reduce their costs that arise from shipping the goods.Scenario 2: The retailer takes over the responsibility for the goods at a terminal/hub in Gothenburg. Before that, the goods have been cross-docked (sorted out to respective retailers) either in a hub/terminal in Asia or in the terminal/hub in Gothenburg. From the hub in Gothenburg it is the retailer’s responsibility to handle the freight to their own warehouse.Scenario 3: Is equivalent to what it looks like for Company X today, where the retailer takes over the responsibility for the goods when it arrives at their own warehouse. The difference is that the goods do not pass at the central warehouse in Borås. Instead, the goods are cross-docked in a hub in Asia, alternatively in a hub in Gothenburg, before it delivers to the retailers.The author of this report believes that Company X must do a deeper investigation before a scenario may be implemented, as the author of the report did not have access to all purchase- and sales data.viiOne conclusion that has been drawn is that scenario 3 should be most favourable to Company X both at the present and at a long term. They retain the maximum control of delivery, which means that information about price and manufacturing does not end up in wrong hands, which could lead to a loss of customer and new stong competitors.
194

Os direitos e obrigações da terceirização na administração pública /

Asse, Vilja Marques . January 2007 (has links)
Orientador: Enoque Ribeiro dos Santos / Banca: Antônio Rodrigues de Freitas Júnior / Banca: José Carlos de Oliveira / Resumo: O trabalho visa investigar a admissibilidade da terceirização no setor público, suas peculiaridades e a responsabilização do ente público, haja vista a ausência de norma específica em relação à responsabilidade, em caso de terceirização, construída através de entendimentos jurisprudenciais, a qual encontra questionamentos acerca da responsabilização diante do que dispõe a Lei de Licitação, em seu art. 71, em confronto com as disposições contidas nos artigos 1º, 37, par. 6º, 170, 173 e 193 da Constituição Federal. O intérprete da norma jurídica não se deve ater apenas à interpretação gramatical, sobretudo no que diz respeito à responsabilização dispensada à Administração Pública na Lei de Licitação, devendo o intérprete utilizar-se da interpretação lógico-sistemática e teleológica da Lei de Licitação em confronto com o disposto constitucionalmente, permitindo a responsabilização do ente público, nos casos de terceirização. Esta no setor público sofre limitações, diante do comando legal insculpido no inciso II do art. 37 da Carta magna, que exige a prévia aprovação, em concurso público, para a investidura em cargo ou emprego público, à exceção dos cargos de livre provimento. A terceirização no setor público tem como traço diferencial, com o setor privado, a não formação de emprego com a Administração direta, indireta ou fundacional. A terceirização é uma tendência mundial irreversível, mas não podemos deixar que ela seja utilizada para fraudar os direitos dos trabalhadores, contribuindo, deste modo, para a perpetuação das injustiças, tornando-se cada vez mais perversa, o que, em última análise, acaba gerando o fim da própria terceirização. / Abstract: This study aims to investigate the admissibility of the third party in the public sector, its peculiarities and the liability of the public entity, as there is an absence of a specific procedure in relation to the responsibility in the case of the third party, composed through jurisprudence agreements, finding questionings regarding the liability before what is determined to the Licitation Law in its article 71 in confrontation to the dispositions included in the articles 1st, 37, paragraph, 6th, 170, 173 and 193 of the Federal Constitution. The interpreter of the juridical procedure should not detain themselves only to the grammatical interpretation, above all in regards to the liability bestowed to the Public Administration in the Licitation Law, where the interpreter should use the logic-systematic and teleological interpretation of the Licitation Law in confront to the constitutional determination, allowing the liability of the public entity in the third party cases. The third party in the public sector suffers limitations, before the legal command inscribed in the proposition II of article 37 of the magna letter, which demands the previous approval in a public examination for the investiture in an office or public employment, in exception to the offices of the free administrative acts. The third party in the public sector has as a differential aspect with the private sector, the non-formation of employment with the direct, indirect or foundational Administration. The third party is a worldly and irreversible tendency, but we cannot allow that it is used to fraud the laborers' rights, contributing to the perpetuation of the injustices, becoming more and more perverse, and that as a last analysis, this ends up by generating the termination of the third party itself. / Mestre
195

O processo de inovação no método de contratação de empresas terceirizadas pelo setor público : um estudo de multicaso em três instituições governamentais

Gonçalves, Rachel Kerber January 2017 (has links)
O objetivo deste estudo é realizar a avaliação da estrutura de três instituições públicas com relação às propostas de inovação organizacional por meio das mudanças em seus processos de trabalho. Este estudo abrange os contratos terceirizados realizados por meio de processo licitatório com a utilização de Acordo de Nível de Serviço (ANS), que possui critérios objetivos de mensuração dos resultados contratados. Isso permite adequar o pagamento das faturas dos contratos de acordo com a quantidade e qualidade dos serviços prestados, constituindo o processo inovativo a ser estudado neste trabalho. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas com servidores das áreas que atuam desde o planejamento até o acompanhamento e execução dos contratos terceirizados continuados de forma a verificar a percepção com relação à inovação em sua instituição, cultura organizacional e apoio da alta administração. Dentre os contratos terceirizados, optou-se por avaliar os serviços prestados referente ao contrato específico de limpeza. Identificou-se que a instituição A possui a contratação por posto de trabalho sem que haja uma avaliação especifica para a qualidade dos serviços prestados vinculado ao pagamento da fatura, mesmo com total abertura para projetos inovadores. Esse modelo de contratação, atualmente, supre com as demandas da instituição. Já as instituições B e C possuem a contratação com utilização de ANS. Apesar de possuírem obstáculos com relação à adoção de inovação, observou-se que essas duas instituições possuem um modelo diferenciado de gerir seus contratos com inovação em seu processo. Verificou-se que as três instituições conseguem atingir os objetivos esperados para os contratos apresentados tais como a qualidade na entrega dos serviços prestados e o correto pagamento da fatura com relação ao serviço executado. Apesar disso, como existe a possibilidade de contratar futuramente uma empresa que não atinja a qualidade esperada ou que não tenha a competência para tal, é importante avaliar a implantação do ANS nos contratos futuros. / This paper aims to evaluate the structure of three public institutions’ regarding the proposals for organisational innovation through changes in their work processes. This study includes third-party vendors contracts through a bidding process with the use of Service Level Agreements (ANS in Brazil), which has objectives evaluates contracts. This allows adjusting the payment of the contracts according to the quantity and quality of the services provided, constituting the innovative process to be studied in this work. For that, interviews with workers in areas from planning to execution of continued third-party contracts were conducted to check the perception of innovation in their institution, organisational culture and managers’ support. Among the outsourced contracts, we opted to evaluate the services referring to the specific cleaning contract. The institution A has the type of contract by workstation without specifically check the quality of services provided which were paid, even with possibility for innovative projects. This contracting model currently meets the demands of the institution A. Institutions B and C follows Service Level Agreements. Despite they usually reach an impasse on innovation process, it was noted that these two institutions follows a particular model to manage their contracts with innovation. It was verified that the three institutions achieves the goals expected for contracts provided, which consists in the quality of services provided, followed by the due payment. The evaluate of the employment of Service Level Agreements is important, because there are no guarantees that a future contract will reach the expected quality.
196

Not everything that shines is gold: appearance of law and protection of third parties in good faith / No todo lo que brilla es oro: apariencia del derecho y protección de los terceros de buena fe

O’Neill de la Fuente, Cecilia 30 April 2018 (has links)
What happens to the third party that, in good faith, acquires rights from a subject whose title is not valid? With few exceptions, the Peruvian Civil Code leaves him unprotected. In this article, the author evaluates the specific solutions contained in the Peruvian Civil Code; analyzes the answers that foreign legislations present; and, finally, proposes a solution to protect the third parties in good faith who acquire rights from an apparent owner. / ¿Qué ocurre con el tercero que, de buena fe, adquiere derechos de un sujeto cuyo título es inválido? Salvo algunas excepciones, el Código Civil peruano lo deja desprotegido. En este artículo, la autora evalúa las soluciones específicas que contiene el Código Civil peruano; analiza las respuestas que presentan legislaciones extranjeras; y, finalmente, propone una solución para dar protección a los terceros de buena fe que adquieren derechos de un titular aparente.
197

Partes e terceiros na arbitragem / Parties and third parties in arbitration

Guilherme Recena Costa 23 March 2015 (has links)
A tese discute o problema dos terceiros na arbitragem. Ela distingue os planos substantivo (contratual) e processual (jurisdicional) da arbitragem e, portanto, o status de parte e terceiro com relação, respectivamente, à convenção de arbitragem e ao processo arbitral. Depois de desenvolver as premissas teóricas na Parte 1, a Parte 2 expõe as teorias contratuais e societárias por meio das quais um não-signatário pode ficar vinculado à convenção de arbitragem, com destaque para a extensão a todos os acionistas da companhia da cláusula compromissória estatutária, bem como para a aplicação do princípio da boa-fé objetiva (teoria dos atos próprios, estoppel) para impedir com que determinados signatários burlem a convenção de arbitragem ao incluir terceiros no polo passivo da demanda ou, ainda, para impor a arbitragem a não-signatários que derivaram um benefício do contrato inter alios. Na Parte III, a atenção volta-se para o processo e a sentença arbitral. Expõe-se uma teoria dos efeitos da sentença, buscando-se explicar a sua potencial eficácia ultra partes com base: a) na necessidade de realizar o direito da contraparte à tutela jurisdicional (adquirente do direito litigioso, sucessores post rem judicatam); e b) na identificação de nexos de prejudicialidade-dependência permanente entre as relações jurídicas no plano do direito material (terceiro titular de situação dependente). Refutam-se, em passo seguinte, teorias que preconizam o valor absoluto da sentença. Oferece-se, como núcleo da tese, uma reconstrução dogmática das modalidades de intervenção de terceiro, buscando adaptá-las à arbitragem para alcançar, em cada situação, um justo equilíbrio entre as expectativas contratuais das partes originárias e a natureza privada da arbitragem, de um lado, e os efeitos da sentença perante terceiros, de outro. Conclui-se que, em alguns casos, legitima-se o terceiro a intervir voluntariamente, mesmo contra ou independentemente da vontade das partes, se ele estiver sujeito aos efeitos da sentença. Em hipótese excepcionalíssimas, ademais, a parte pode sujeitar um terceiro aos efeitos de intervenção, provocando a sua assistência no processo arbitral. / The thesis addresses the problems of third parties in arbitration. It distinguishes the substantive (contractual) and procedural dimensions of arbitration and, hence, the status of parties and third parties in connection with, respectively, the arbitration agreement and the arbitral proceedings. After spelling out theoretical premises in Part 1, Part 2 covers the contractual and corporate theories by which a non-signatory may be bound by the arbitration agreement, highlighting the extension to all shareholders of the agreement in the corporate bylaws, as well as the application of the equitable doctrine of estoppel to bar certain signatories from avoiding the arbitration agreement by including third parties as defendants or even to impose arbitration onto non-signatories who derived a benefit from the contract inter alios. In Part III, my attention turns to the proceedings and the arbitral award. I set out a doctrine of the effects of judgments, seeking to explain their potential effects on third parties based: a) on the prevailing need to preserve the counterpartys right to a binding declaration on its asserted claims (acquirers, successors post rem judicatam); b) the identification of substantive ties between legal relationships that make the third parties rights permanently dependent on the situation between the parties. I then refute theories ascribing absolute value to the award vis-à-vis third parties. As the core of the thesis, I offer a doctrinal reconstruction of third party interventions, seeking to adapt them to arbitration in order to achieve, in each situation, a fair balance between the contractual expectations of the original parties and the private nature of arbitration, in one hand, and the effects of the award on third parties, on the other. I conclude that a third party should be allowed to intervene, albeit against the will of the parties, if it is subject to the concrete effects of the arbitral award. In exceptional situations, moreover, a party may vouch in a third party, who will then be bound by the determinations of factual and legal issues made in the award.
198

Distributed certificates in ad hoc networks

Asp, Filip, Krispinsson, Tobias January 2015 (has links)
In this report an ad hoc system is defined with the capabilities to validate the integrity ofevery node in the network without a third party, as long as every node has possession of acertificate. The system is developed to function in an ad hoc network with many externalthreats. The main target group would be the military and first responders. There are manydifferent problems with such a network, and many parts have been researched, but few fullsystems have been developed. This report defines a hierarchical system where nodes cancommunicate in an encrypted way, with the help of certificates. In a military situation therisk for compromised nodes must be considered. Therefore, the system can both detectand handle compromised nodes by revocation certificates. The proposed system is alsodetecting and handling partitions. The system has been put together by first making aliterature study to find existing solutions to different problems, then making a synthesisof those solutions. We also came up with new solutions where the three cornerstones ofsecurity: availability, confidentiality and integrity were in focus. To make the solutionmore trustworthy a risk analysis on the resulting system was made, which defined theweak points of the system.
199

Interpreting Rights Collectively: Comparative Arguments in Public Interest Litigants’ Briefs on Fundamental Rights Issues

Van Den Eynde, Laura 12 November 2015 (has links)
This research explores the role of public interest litigants in the circulation of arguments among courts regarding the interpretation of fundamental rights. Such circulation is often labeled ‘judicial dialogue’. ‘Public interest litigants’ are here defined as entities (individuals or groups) with no direct interest in the case, who use procedural avenues to participate in the litigation. Despite extensive scholarly attention for judicial dialogue, the necessity for more empirical research devoted to the exchanges among jurisdictions had been stressed. Three jurisdictions with different postures towards cross-citations were chosen for the analysis: the U.S. Supreme Court, the European Court of Human Rights and the South African Constitutional Court. Among their vast case law, landmark cases were selected dealing firstly with death penalty or related questions and secondly with discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. Briefs submitted by public interest litigants to courts were collected and analyzed, mainly to inquire about the identity of the actors involved in the cases, to see whether their briefs contain comparative material and, if they do, to record what sort of references are made and whether they are accompanied by justifications supporting their relevance.The analysis reveals that the briefs contain comparative material. Many public interest litigants can be considered as messengers of this information. They push for the detachment of judicial interpretation from the text at hand and propose a variant of the interpretative exercise in which the mobilized material is not exclusively jurisdiction-bound. The cross-analysis also reveals that, contrary to the picture painted by the literature on the phenomenon, there are actually many comparisons in the broad sense (referring for example to a ‘universal practice’) that are used in a norm-centric way, that is, where the simple mention of a comparative element in the form of a broad reference or the outcome of a foreign case should have weight in the adjudication and not in a reason-centric way, that is, by exposing the reasoning of a foreign judge. The research also hypothesized that the comparative material brought by public interest litigants influences the judges. Analyzing the cases using the process-tracing method allowed to substantiate that briefs are read and established that several comparative references brought by public interest litigants were debated during the oral arguments and found an echo in the judgments (in majority and dissenting opinions). Along with the use of other methods such as interviews of judges, the hypothesis was thus confirmed.Exploring the roles of external actors also enables to supply the literature on judicial dialogue with factual insights regarding the identities of the actors behind the circulation of legal arguments. It was found that, in the United States, the traditional domestic ‘repeat players’ (that is, actors often involved in the litigation) do not clearly embrace a comparative approach while most public interest litigants in Europe and South Africa do. Similarly, the pregnant role of transnational actors is underlined. The analysis suggests an explanation drawn from an aspect of the legal culture in which the public interest litigants evolve and which influences their argumentative strategies: the horizon of the ambient rights discourse: a civil rights discourse, more territorially bounded (and more often found in the U.S. context), is distinguished from a human rights or fundamental rights discourse which entails a more cosmopolitan dimension.The final part of the research explores and discusses the justifications provided by public interest litigants to support the relevance of a comparative approach in the interpretation of rights. The compilation of these justifications allows to confront those provided first hand to the judges with those constructed post facto by the scholarly literature. It reveals the uncertain implications of some of these justifications, in particular the one pointing to the universal nature of the discussed rights and the one invoking the need for consistency among the approaches of jurisdictions.The research thus allows to confirm the hypothesis that public interest litigants play a key role in judicial dialogue. Moreover, it points at further promising researches, and this thesis hopes to draw the attention to often neglected elements, such as the identity and status of the actors bringing comparative information, the forms of citations and the roles assigned to them, the aspects of legal culture that are seldom mentioned in the literature and the implications of the justifications explicitly or implicitly provided for the relevance of comparative material. / Doctorat en Sciences juridiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
200

Problems and Solutions in Urban Construction Logistics

Tsaxiri, Panagiota January 2018 (has links)
The construction industry’s world is very complex, competitive and challenging. That means that everyone who is involved needs to be constantly updated and follow the latest technological trends and ideas to be able to work on a viable project by minimizing the problems.  Nevertheless, there are always different complications that arise mainly because there is not much attention given to logistics and logistics solutions. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the major problems in the Swedish construction industry as well as their corresponding logistics solutions applied by different companies. Moreover, this research will try to investigate how the use of the fairly new concept of Construction Consolidation Centers can improve the situation primarily with the material transportation. The current thesis was conducted by investigating the relevant literature and arranging interviews with a few of the many consultant companies working in the construction industry. The outcomes from both investigations are analyzed and compared showing that there are important differences between the theory (literature review) and the reality (interviews) as some of the main problems in real projects do not appear in the current literature. It is also clearly exposed that Construction Consolidation Centers are a game changer to this kind of projects and such a solution is suggested from both sides, while there is high necessity from the companies to emphasize on the logistics and invest more on their logistics solutions.

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