Langue optionnelle, intervenant seulement au niveau de l’université, le français n’attire que peu d’étudiants en Arabie Saoudite, et ses modalités d’enseignement transmissives ne suscitent guère la motivation. Cherchant comment améliorer son enseignement, comment enseigner autrement cette langue, comment initier une pratique vivante de la langue et obtenir des apprentissages durables, nous nous sommes orientée vers la pédagogie du projet. Nous avons ainsi, dans la section féminine de français de l’Université Roi Abdul Aziz, pu tester la faisabilité d’une introduction de cette méthodologie, et mettre à l’épreuve son efficacité dans le cadre d’un projet de promotion de la cuisine du Moyen-Orient. Cette expérimentation a eu lieu au cours du deuxième semestre de l’année 2010-2011 avec douze étudiantes de niveau A2. Inscrit dans une perspective actionnelle, ce projet supposait la réalisation d’un certain nombre de tâches, et intégrait les TIC. Il s’agissait en effet de produire un livret électronique de cuisine et de le diffuser sur des sites culinaires francophones. À l’aune des résultats de cette étude de cas, force est de reconnaître que l’introduction de la pédagogie du projet se heurte, dans ce contexte particulier, à certaines limites (des obstacles dus aux représentations, au contexte socioculturel, au fait qu’il s’agisse pour les apprenantes comme pour l’enseignante d’une expérience inédite, et surtout au manque de temps). Mais, il s’avère également que les étudiantes ont su s’approprier cette nouvelle pédagogie, saisir cette occasion de concrétiser leurs apprentissages, de travailler en équipe, d’apprendre en agissant et de réinvestir leurs compétences non langagières. / In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, French is an optional language which is only taught at university. It does not attract a lot of learners specially because its means of teaching does not motivate them. Wishing to promote learning French by teaching it using different methods, in addition to motivate the learners to practice it in a lively and practical way to achieve positive and continuous results, we have chosen the topic of this research and decided to apply our method to the women's section in King Abdul Aziz University to test the possibility and efficacy of utilizing it within the framework of a project to promote the Middle East Cuisine. The practical part of this experiment was implemented in the second term of the academic year 2010/2011 on twelve ‟A2” students. This project aims at accomplishing a number of tasks using Information and Communication Technology. The target is to produce an electronic book for cooking recipes and to publish it at the francophone countries cuisine sites. Analyzing the results of this study, we noticed that implementing this project faced some difficulties regarding the representations of the students, the social and cultural context, the limited time allocated to the experiment and the fact that this experiment is totally novel to both learners and the teacher. Yet, it was perceived that the learners managed to comprehend and fully grasp this new experiment, utilize it and apply the theoretical information that they have attained. They have also learned how to work as a team; they were educated by practice, in addition to using the non-linguistic skills that they have acquired previously.

Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'économie de développement, et tente de traiter la question de blocage économique dans la région arabe, une situation qui a longtemps marqué cette zone. Nous proposons une nouvelle carde d'analyse qui adopte la notion de l'économie fondée sur la connaissance (EFC), qui a été élaboré par la Banque Mondiale, dans laquelle cette économie est composée de quatre piliers, a savoir : incitation économique et régime institutionnel, éducation et ressources humaines, Système d'innovation et l'infrastructure d'information (TIC). La thèse emploie le concept de l'EFC afin d'inspecter, d'analyser et d'évaluer la situation économiques dans les pays arabes depuis l'indépendance et jusque la veille des révolutions arabes, nommé : le printemps arabe. A travers de cette thèse nous élaborons plusieurs types d'analyse, et à la fin de thèse nous proposons un modèle économétrique permettant l'évaluation de la contribution de la connaissance à la croissance et au développement dans ces pays. / This thesis is part of the economics of development. It addresses the issue of the economic morass in which the Arab region has been mired for decades. We suggest a new analytical framework that builds upon the concept of knowledge-based economies and its four pillars – economic incentive and institutional regime, education and human resources, innovation system, and, finally, information infrastructure (ICT) - as conceived by the World Bank. Our thesis mobilizes this concept of knowledge-based economies in order to analyze and evaluate the state of the economy in the Arab region from the independence period to the eve of the revolution in Arab countries ' Arab spring'. Throughout the thesis, we develop several types of analysis and we conclude with an econometric model, that assesses the contribution of knowledge to growth and development in the Arab region.

Le développement d’Internet induit divers changements dans le quotidien, modifications auxquelles n’échappent pas la sphère scolaire et le travail enseignant. À la lumière des sociologies du travail et de l’éducation, cette thèse se propose d’analyser les usages professionnels d’Internet par les enseignants du primaire, en Communauté française de Belgique. En s’appuyant sur une enquête par questionnaire, sur une démarche ethnographique et l’analyse de sites internet et de réseaux socionumériques, l’approche plurielle de cette étude permet d’analyser les usages d’internet de ces professionnels, de cerner la place ainsi occupée à chaque niveau de leur travail, tout en étudiant l’impact de cette utilisation. Cette étude s’attache à l’analyse du travail dans sa globalité et permet de dépasser les formes visibles des usages afin de les cerner dans leur ensemble et toute leur complexité. L’enquête auprès de plus de 200 instituteurs permet de cibler des usages réguliers et prédominants ou, au contraire, délaissés par les enseignants. L’observation du quotidien de ces acteurs, durant trois années scolaires, apporte la contextualisation de certains éléments, parfois en les nuançant à la lumière de la réalité du terrain. Enfin, l’analyse des sites fréquentés et de leurs interactions sur les réseaux socionumériques met en lumière certaines tâches parfois occultées du travail enseignant. / The development of the internet leads to various changes in our everyday life, including in the academic sphere and in the work of teachers. In the light of work and education sociologies, this thesis analyses professional uses of the internet by primary school teachers in the Frenchspeaking Community of Belgium. Based on a questionnaire survey, an ethnographic proccess and the analysis of websites and social networks, the pluralist approach of this study makes it possible to analyse the uses of the internet by these professionals, to understand when and how they use it in their work and to study its impact. This study focuses on the analyses of the work in its globality, going beyond the visible aspects of the uses in order to comprehend them as a whole and in their full complexity. More than 200 teachers were surveyed, which allowed to focus on regular and prevailing uses as well as, on the contrary, neglected ones. The observation of these stakeholders daily work during three school years brings the contextualization of certain elements, sometimes being moderated in the light of the realities on the ground. Finally, the analyses of the used websites and their interactions on social networks highlights some teacher tasks at times concealed.

La thèse étudie les applications dites citoyennes pour mobiles et web qui sont développées en réponse aux problèmes publics variés et basées sur le principe de crowdsourcing. Elle s’intéresse à la fois à la conception de ces dispositifs, à leurs usages et aux façons dont ces outils transforment la communication des citoyens entre eux, et avec les pouvoirs publics. Elle explore les nouveaux formats d’innovation, comme les hackathons civiques, et interroge l’usage du code informatique en tant que nouvel instrument d’action collective.La thèse mobilise une méthodologie qui puise dans les répertoires des STS, de la sociologie des problèmes publics, de la science politique, des sciences de l’information et communication. Appuyée sur l’étude d'applications citoyennes en France et en Russie, elle pose différentes questions : comment traduit-on les problèmes publics en code informatique ; qu’est-ce que ces applications font et font faire ?; comment transforment-elles la participation citoyenne ?La recherche montre que les interfaces des applications façonnent et standardisent la participation en se basant sur les documents de référence : les lois, les réglementations normatives et techniques. Cependant, la standardisation a ses limites : se focalisant sur les moments de faille et des épreuves, telles que les tests, les mises à jour, le débogage des applications, l’enquête rend visibles les détournements et les bricolages mis en place par les usagers qui dépassent le cadrage par les interfaces et participent à la fois à la réécriture des applications et à la redéfinition des problèmes publics.La comparaison entre applications développées par les administrations publiques et projets portés par la société civile permet de distinguer deux façons de communiquer : les chaînes courtes et les chaînes longues. Sans les opposer, la thèse se place dans « l’entre-deux » et analyser les articulations, les agencements de ces réseaux socio-techniques. / The PhD dissertation studies new digital participative technologies called "civic apps", applications for mobile and web developed in response to a large scope of public problems and based on the principle of crowdsourcing. The research focuses on the conception of these tools, their usages and the way these tools transform the communication among citizens and between citizens and public administrations. It also explores new formats of civic tech innovation, such as civic hackathons, and question the usage of programming code as a new tool of collective action.The thesis calls upon the methodologies of sociology of science and technology, sociology of public problems, political science and science of information and communication. Based on a case-study of several civic apps in France and Russia, the inquiry adresses the following question: how does the translation of public problems into programming code occur ? And how do these applications transform civic participation?The research shows that the interfaces standardize and format the practices of participation, using documents such as laws, technical norms and standards. However, this standardization has its limits. Focusing on the moments of failure and trial, such as tests, updates or debug of applications, the inquiry highlights the practices of bricolage and detournement, deployed by users in order to overcome the framing by design and participate in the rewriting of the applications.The thesis compares civic applications with the applications developed by public administrations and distinguishes two models of communication called the "long chains" and the "short chains". However, instead of opposing administrative and civic initiatives, the thesis proposes to think from "in-between", analyzing the articulations and arrangements of these socio-technical networks.

Este trabalho foi realizado no âmbito do Núcleo de Pesquisa das Novas Tecnologias de Comunicação Aplicadas à Educação (NACE Escola do Futuro - USP) e visa identificar ao longo de 28 anos de história a contribuição dos projetos de pesquisa-ação para a aquisição de competências e habilidades (Literacias de Mídia e Informação - MIL) pelos participantes, principalmente professores e alunos, possibilitando o protagonismo desses atores nos processos de aprendizagem. Para tanto, foi estabelecido o Modelo Metodológico de Pesquisa em Comunicação, proposto por Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes e uma abordagem etnográfica. Os procedimentos metodológicos adotados foram pesquisa bibliográfica, observação participante, levantamento documental, mapeamento dos projetos de pesquisa-ação, entrevista em profundidade semiestruturada e análise dos dados. Acredita-se que essa abordagem se configura como um dos olhares possíveis para avaliar os projetos de intervenção na comunidade, somando às métricas tradicionais de avaliação de desempenho um conjunto de novos critérios. / This study was developed in the scope of New Applied Communication Technologies for Education Research Laboratory (NACE School of the Future - USP) and aims to identify over 28 years of history the contribution of action research projects to the acquisition of competences and skills (Media and Information Literacy - MIL) by the participants, mainly teachers and students, enabling the protagonism of these actors in the learning processes. For this, the Methodological Model of Communication Research proposed by Maria Immacolata Vassallo de Lopes and an ethnographic approach was established. The methodological procedures adopted were bibliographic research, participant observation, documentary survey, mapping of action research projects, semistructured in-depth interviews and data analysis. It is considered that this is one of the possible approaches to evaluate community intervention projects, adding to the traditional metrics of performance evaluation a set of new criteria.

A Educação a Distância tem significativa importância no contexto educacional brasileiro, sendo uma das apostas do Ministério da Educação para democratizar o acesso ao ensino superior, pela possibilidade de contribuir sensivelmente com a ampliação e, sobretudo, com a interiorização da oferta de educação em nosso país. A graduação a distância registrou em 2007, conforme último censo, crescimento de 80,7% em relação a 2006, contra 5,4% da educação presencial no mesmo período. É crescente o número de organizações educacionais interessadas em obter credenciamento para a oferta de ensino superior nesta modalidade. No entanto, esses números não garantem sobrevivência a todas as organizações envolvidas neste setor. Como em qualquer outro segmento, as instituições de ensino superior também sofrem com as mudanças que ocorrem no ambiente e precisam enfrentá-las desenvolvendo novas competências organizacionais que lhes confiram vantagens competitivas. Assim, torna-se essencial para as organizações educacionais o desenvolvimento e o aprimoramento de competências próprias que as diferenciem no processo concorrencial, possibilitando que elas se posicionem estrategicamente em diferentes momentos de sua trajetória. Para tanto, a necessidade de aprendizagem torna-se vital como um diferencial competitivo, frente à dinâmica movimentação concorrencial. O processo de aprendizagem, nessa realidade, significa o repensar das ações estratégicas da organização. No presente estudo, foram escolhidas instituições de ensino superior públicas e privadas que passaram por um processo de mudança, tendo em vista a oferta de ensino superior na modalidade a distância. O estudo teve por objetivos identificar quais foram as competências agregadas, como as organizações as desenvolveram; e quais dessas competências podem ser caracterizadas como distintivas, capazes de conferir vantagens competitivas às instituições e um benefício superior para os alunos. / Distance Learning has a paramount importance within the Brazilian educational context, and it is considered one of the main tools of the Ministry of Education to promote the democratization of access to higher education in the country, for it may help disseminate learning opportunities, particularly in the inland of Brazil. According to the latest census in 2007, distance graduation has shown an increase of 80.7% in relation to 2006, compared to 5.4% of presence learning during the same period. A growing number of educational institutions are applying for distance learning accreditation. However, the above figures do not ensure the survival of these institutions because, like any other segment, education is also affected by environmental changes, and must develop new organizational competencies, in order to become more competitive. Therefore, it is essential that the educational organizations develop and improve their own competencies, in order to distinguish themselves amongst their competitors and strategically position themselves in a changing market. Learning can make all the difference when it comes to face competition. The process of learning means rethinking the strategic actions of the organization. Two private higher education institutions that faced the new challenges of providing distance education were selected. This study aimed at identifying the competencies acquired for the offer of Distance Learning, how they were realised by the stakeholders, and which of these competencies can be characterized as distinctive, able to grant competitive advantages to the institutions and a superior benefit to the students

L’objectif de cette recherche est de caractériser les discours qui construisent des acteurs-clés de l’univers politique européen en mouvance :les eurorégions. Des discours (institutionnels, économiques, médiatiques) produits en plusieurs langues au sujet de ces entités transfrontalières encore méconnues ont été recueillis sur le web, principal vecteur de la communication eurorégionale. Ils comportent au moins une occurrence du mot eurorégion ou de ses traductions. À l’aide d’une méthode qualitative adossée aux concepts éprouvés de formation discursive et de scénario sémiotique, la thèse relève les procédés mobilisés pour construire le nouveau référent collectif eurorégional. On montre notamment comment, dans le contexte spécifique de l’intégration européenne, l’appui sur l’histoire souvent fantasmée de la construction européenne encourage la transformation des acteurs frontaliers, déplace le cadre de leur action et propose les eurorégions en modèles d’une nouvelle Europe. En faisant du concept de groupe d’intérêt la pierre angulaire de l’analyse, la thèse met progressivement au jour des procédés de reconnaissance et de visibilité qui permettent aux eurorégions de devenir des entités collectives capables d’agir dans le monde social. La recherche se démarque par sa tentative d’inscrire l’analyse sémiodiscursive dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire :du point de vue méthodologique, le recours à la textométrie permet la modélisation d’un corpus multilingue non parallèle, matériau non encore traité en analyse du discours ;du point de vue de l’analyse, le recours à la science politique réactive le lien immanent entretenu par la notion de dispositif avec des enjeux de pouvoir. Il s’agit d’un travail qui tente d’apporter de nouvelles connaissances dans le champ encore peu exploré de l’analyse de discours d’appareils politico-administratifs transnationaux en lien avec le discours institutionnel européen. / Doctorat en Information et communication / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette recherche porte sur l'étude des processus complexes et des interactions qui se produisent dans les phénomènes de communication politique électorale numérique dans un système politique démocratique. Plus précisément dans les campagnes électorales au Mexique au travers des réseaux sociaux numériques (social media) et en particulier dans le réseau de microblogging Twitter. Une partie de l'hypothèse selon laquelle l'étude de la communication politique dans les écosystèmes numériques (online) permet de savoir s'il existe de nouvelles formes de participation politique dans les plateformes de communication numérique ou si l'ancienne logique de communication politique traditionnelle se répète hors ligne (off line).L'une des principales contributions de cette thèse au domaine d'étude est d'expliquer l'utilisation, la présence et les interrelations discursives des trois types d'acteurs classiques de la communication politique: les médias, les politiques et les citoyens (Wolton, 1989). l'espace des réseaux sociaux numériques, à travers l'analyse d'une étude de cas. / Esta investigación versa sobre el estudio de los complejos procesos e interacciones que ocurren en fenómenos de comunicación política electoral digital en un sistema político democrático. Específicamente en campañas electorales en México a través de redes sociales digitales (social media) y particularmente en la red de microblogging Twitter. Partiendo de la hipótesis de que el estudio de la comunicación política en ecosistemas digitales (online) permite conocer si realmente existen nuevas formas de participación política en plataformas digitales de comunicación o si bien, se repiten antiguas lógicas de la comunicación política tradicional fuera de línea (off line). Uno de los principales aportes de esta tesis al campo de estudio es el explicar el uso, la presencia y las interrelaciones discursivas de los tres tipos de actores clásicos de la comunicación política: mediáticos, políticos y ciudadanos (Wolton, 1989), pero, en el espacio de las redes sociales digitales, a través del análisis de un caso de estudio. / Doctorat en Information et communication / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Cette thèse se concentre sur le genre, le design et la technologie à travers l'artefact des jeux vidéo - les produits de la culture d'ingénierie masculine, et le lien de genre entre ceux qui font les jeux vidéo (Production) et ceux qui les jouent (Réception). Ma recherche porte sur l'industrie du jeux vidéo consacré aux pré-adolescentes qui, il y a 20 ans, était le site de l'entreprenariat féministe espérant remédier au déséquilibre entre les sexes dans les TIC. Si la parité a été atteinte dans la consommation des médias, la production technologique reste délibérément une quête masculine. Cette étude constructiviste en trois phases commence par les préférences personnelles (MBTI) et l'orientation de rôles sexués (BSRI) des femmes dans le développement des jeux, en soulignant leur résistance aux stéréotypes de genre, et se termine par une étude ethnographique des enfants jouant à des jeux vidéo indépendants et non sexistes dans un programme extrascolaire à Paris. Utilisant la sémiotique pragmatique, cette thèse soutient que les croyances et habitudes des stéréotypes négatifs de genre et de technologie sont le principal obstacle à la diversité des genres dans les TIC - limitant le nombre de femmes désirant transgresser les normes de genre dans les professions masculines — et créant une prophétie auto-réalisatrice à travers la socialisation du genre par les parents qui réifient la croyance dans les compétences technologiques masculines tout en développant un accès et un encouragement technologiques inégal entre les sexes. La thèse se termine par de l'heuristique de conception pour la neutralité de genre dans les expériences numériques des enfants. / This dissertation focuses on gender, design and technology through the artifact of video games — technology products of masculine engineering culture, and the gendered link between those that make video games (Production) and those that play them (Reception). My research examines a sector of the video game industry devoted to pre-adolescent girls, which 20 years ago was the site of feminist entrepreneurship hoping to remedy the gender imbalance in ICT (Information and Communication Technology). While parity has been achieved in media consumption, technological production firmly remains a masculine pursuit. This three-phase constructivist study begins with the personality preferences (MBTI) and sex-role orientation (BSRI) of women in game development, highlighting their exceptional resilience to gender stereotypes, and concludes with an ethnographic study of children playing independent, gender-neutral video games at an afterschool program in Paris. Using pragmatic semiotic epistemology, this dissertation argues that the belief-habits of negative gender and technology stereotypes are the principal roadblock to gender diversity in ICT – limiting the number of women willing to transgress gender norms into masculine professions and creating a self-fulfilling prophecy through parents’ gender-socialization that reifies the belief in masculine technological passion and skill while developing unequal gendered technological access and encouragement. The dissertation concludes with strategies for gender-neutralizing technology, including design heuristics for gender neutrality in children’s digital experiences.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-27T13:45:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LENICE MIRANDA ALVES.pdf: 1390047 bytes, checksum: f295287a67ddef670ff1bac2ef07d11c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-01 / This research aims to analyze the role of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education provided by the course Intercultural Education of the Federal University of Goiás (UFG) using as investigative tool the case study. The methodology consisted of a documental research and data collection, from individual interviews (audio recorded) based on a semistructured questionnaire, with the coordinator and teachers working full time on the course, and evidences arisen during the research. The analysis was performed based on the Activity Theory (Leontiev) and the social knowledge construction (Vygotsky). This course lasts five years, two of them for basic formation, common to all students and three years of specific formation in one of the three knowledge areas: Language Sciences, Natural Sciences or Culture Sciences. The students enrolled in the course are indigenous from the Araguaia-Tocantins region; most of them school teachers in their villages. The analysis of the data, either collected or emerged during the research process, allows the understanding of the formation for the pedagogical use of ICT, through the development of educational actions and context in which they are established. This formation does not occur in a linear manner, because of the heterogeneity in the access to technologies in the indigenous communities, some of communities have access to high speed Internet, while others have no electricity at all. However, in the indigenous villages where Internet access is available, there is a frequent access to social medias and other Web 2.0 resources, especially when the students are not in Goiânia, nor the professors that are in indigenous lands. The social construction of knowledge made from the traditional and universal knowledge occurs in a negotiated and dialogical manner using technologies in the mediation of this knowledge and in the setting of social learning spaces, creating a favorable learning environment. It was found that the use of ICT in the educational process implies the inclusion of such resources as a knowledge object and as a teaching tool and create the foundation for the indigenous teacher to appropriate these technologies and to use them in different contexts in the educational activity. These technologies contribute to the digital and social inclusion of indigenous communities, as they facilitate the dissemination of their culture and enables them to establish closer relations with the world outside their indigenous villages. / O objetivo desta pesquisa, que tem como instrumento de investigação o estudo de caso, é analisar o papel das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TIC) na formação proporcionada pelo Curso Educação Intercultural da Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG). A metodologia empregada consistiu de uma pesquisa documental e de coleta de dados, realizada por meio de entrevistas individuais (áudio-gravadas), da aplicação de questionário semiestruturado, com o coordenador e professores formadores que atuam em tempo integral no curso, e de evidências surgidas durante a pesquisa. Esta análise foi feita á luz da Teoria da Atividade (Leontiev) e da socioconstrução do conhecimento (Vygotsky). Este curso tem duração de cinco anos, dois deles destinados à formação básica, comum a todos os estudantes, e três anos de formação específica em uma das três áreas do conhecimento: Ciências da Linguagem, Ciências da Natureza ou Ciências da Cultura. Os estudantes do curso são indígenas da região Araguaia-Tocantins, a maioria deles professores em escolas de suas aldeias. A análise dos dados coletados e dos que emergiram durante o processo da pesquisa, permitiram compreender a formação para o uso pedagógico das TIC por meio das ações de ensino desenvolvidas e do contexto em que elas se estabelecem. Esta formação não ocorre de forma linear, em virtude da heterogeneidade com que ocorre o acesso às tecnologias nas comunidades indígenas às quais os alunos pertencem; pois algumas delas têm acesso à Internet de alta velocidade, já em outras, não existe energia elétrica. Contudo, nas aldeias em que o acesso à Internet é possível, há um acesso frequente das redes sociais e de outros recursos da Web 2.0, principalmente quando os estudantes não estão em Goiânia, nem os professores formadores estão em terras indígenas. A construção social do conhecimento, feita a partir dos conhecimentos tradicionais e universais, ocorre de forma negociada e dialógica, com uso das tecnologias na mediação destes conhecimentos e na ambientação dos espaços sociais de aprendizagem utilizados, criando um contexto favorável à aprendizagem dos estudantes indígenas. Constatou-se que a inserção das TIC no processo formativo implica na inclusão destes recursos como objeto de conhecimento e como ferramenta didática e criam as bases para que o professor indígena possa se apropriar destas tecnologias e usá-las em diferentes contextos na atividade educativa. Estas tecnologias contribuem para a inclusão digital e social das comunidades indígenas às quais os alunos pertencem, pois facilitam a divulgação da cultura destes povos e possibilita que eles estreitem suas relações com o mundo fora de suas aldeias.