M. Tech. (Department of Visual Arts and Design, Faculty of Human Sciences), Vaal University of Technology. / Fashion entrepreneurs with no formal fashion-related education or training are hereafter referred to by the acronym FEWFFET (fashion entrepreneurs without formal fashion-related education or training). Entrepreneurship provides a feasible means of employment in a country where national unemployment rates are alarmingly high. To succeed, entrepreneurs require business knowledge and skill to operate profitable and sustainable businesses. However, entrepreneurs who were previously disadvantaged often possess only low levels of education, limited qualifications and training. This applies to survivalist fashion entrepreneurs in the Sedibeng District Municipality (SDM) who produce various items of apparel and clothing. Over a third of these entrepreneurs are not formally educated in business management and may not possess the adequate knowledge to operate their fashion business successfully. The research aim was to investigate the uses and challenges pertaining to business skills amongst FEWFFET to determine their business skills training needs. The sample population included 105 black fashion entrepreneurs, operating micro, survivalist enterprises within peri-urban, resource-poor communities in the Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM) of Sedibeng, Gauteng. A quantitative study using non-probability purposive sampling and snowball sampling was performed. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were conducted with respondents at fabric and haberdashery stores or within their home-business environments. The results indicated that respondents lacked business plan development skills and showed only moderate skills in finance and marketing. Respondents indicated business skills training needs for developing a business plan, conducting basic bookkeeping, determining correct product pricing, drafting quotations and invoices, developing a budget, conducting basic market research and advertising their products and services.

Der Bereich des Controllings betrieblicher Qualifikation und Bildung stellt die Controller vor erhebliche, z.T. unlösbare Probleme: Fast alles, was die Steuerung betrieblichen Lernens anbetrifft, bezieht sich auf nur schwer meßbare latente Größen. In diesem Beitrag soll die methodologische Problematik in einem zentralen Bereich der Steuerung von Maßnahmen betrieblichen Lernens angegangen werden: die Bedarfsanalyse. Zur rationalen Steuerung betrieblicher (Weiter-)Bildung ist die Ermittlung des tatsächlich vorhandenen Bildungsbedarfs unerläßlich. Nur so kann das Kriterium der Wirtschaftlichkeit von (Weiter-)Bildungsmaßnahmen erfüllt werden. Es wird dafür die Nutzung des Verfahrens der summierten Einschätzungen nach Rensis Likert (sogenannte Likert-Skalen) zur Lösung des zugrundeliegenden Meßproblems untersucht. Der Artikel liefert einen methodischen Beitrag zur Operationalisierung und Messung des Weiterbildungsbedarfs und skizziert Ansatzpunkte für weitere Forschung, um eine Anwendung in der betrieblichen Praxis zu ermöglichen.

Using the “four-selves” Mission Strategy of self-governance, self-support, self-propagation and self-theologizing as an analytical tool, this study assesses the theological training of church leaders (clergy and laity) in the Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) with regard to context, relevance and viability. Though the ACK has been in Kenya since 1844, and has been involved in vigorous evangelization, it has not grown to be fully self-governing, self-supporting, self-propagating and self-theologizing. This is evidenced mainly by its flawed theological training system which is neither relevant nor viable. The study is in ten Chapters. The first Chapter contains the introductory material, while the second Chapter gives the general overview of the ACK focusing on its growth and training needs. The ACK is a rapidly growing Church experiencing a growth of about 6.7 per cent per annum, yet she is not necessarily happy as she is not able to produce sufficient and well-trained personnel to match this growth. The third Chapter traces the history of pastoral training in the ACK, while Chapter four assesses the curriculum used to prepare church leaders in the ACK. This curriculum is uncontextualised hence irrelevant to the current Kenyan society. Chapter five evaluates the six ACK Provincial Theological Colleges. These colleges are inadequate and economically under-utilized hence not viable. The sixth Chapter underscores the importance of training Lay Church Leaders in the ACK through Theological Education by Extension (TEE), an effective training model which has failed because the ACK leadership has failed to prioritize it. The seventh Chapter discusses the main challenges encountered by the ACK in her leadership training and shows that these challenges are vital measures for improving theological training in the ACK. Chapter Eight examines the relationship between Christian Mission and Theological Training and it comes out clearly that Mission and Theology are inseparable entities. In the ninth Chapter, the author basing his arguments on the various findings in this study suggests some possible ways through which the ACK can improve her training systems. Chapter Ten concludes that if the ACK has to succeed in her mission she has to prioritize the training of her leaders. / Church Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / D. Th. (Missiology)

The critical role that an effective systematic training evaluation practice plays is in its ability to collect value systematically. The collected data is utilised to make a judgement or to evaluate learnings contribution. Without the training evaluation practice learning value is obscured. The instructionnal systems design (ISD) Addie is assessed as the systematic structure that can greatly assist the training evaluation practice. It supports the proposal of collecting value throughout the training lifecycle for the holistic view of learning value. The Kirkpatrick and Phillips (K/P) summative framework will be used to assess the current practice in collecting post-learning data. Addie was highly valued by the survey participants. The current summative practice in the organisation stops mainly at level two of the Kirkpatrick/Phillips model. The practice lacks comprehensive data collection at recommended best practice levels and is therefore, not effective, efficient and systematic in its approach to declare learning value. / Human Resource Management / M. Tech. (Human Resource Management)

Theological Education by Extension (TEE) for parishioners is the general area of study. However, focus is placed on the developing of a curriculum, particularly on the problems and challenges around developing of a relevant TEE curriculum. Four different TEE programmes in Botswana were studied. The findings showed that problems were experienced by respondents and others who are involved in TEEs in Botswana. The respondents could identify and describe some of such problems and challenges. Therefore the researcher could arrive at the following conclusion:- Students, staff and all other parties of a TEE must collectively and fully participate in the developing of the curriculum. Moreover, the socio-cultural context influences TEE curriculum; therefore, students need to be trained to respond to such influences in their life situations. Once again, it is important that the curriculum policy and the process of planning take into account of some basic concerns like the theological presuppositions, aims and objectives and basic commitments or foci behind the curriculum. If these concerns are well attended, a more relevant TEE curriculum can be developed. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / Th. M. (Practical Theology)

A productive workforce is recognized as the primary resource for all organizations. Workforce training and constant retraining must be a priority. The trainers' role to add value in this process is recognised. The general aim of this research was to ascertain the correlation and difference between trainer competency and psychological optimisation. The following measurement instruments were used in the study - TCQ, POI, SOCq and SCS. This study was conducted among 57 trainers working for a large transport organisation. Through a literature survey, training and psychological optimisation were defined and a personality profile of the competent trainer integrated with that of the psychological optimal functioning individual. Through an empirical study, the correlation and difference between trainer competency and psychological optimisation were determined. Supporting evidence, although not enough, indicates a correlation between trainer competency and psychological optimisation, and a difference in psychological optimisation between the high and low trainer competency groups. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Admin. (Industrial Psychology)

Theses (MPA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study sets out to identify the training and development needs of the black middle managers in the Income and Cash Directorate of the City of Cape Town using Hague's Model of Training Needs Analysis (Hague, 1973). This model is predicated on the creation of a collaborative relationship between the line manager, the employee and the training consultant. Their primary task is to examine issues of job descriptions, key. performance areas based on the job descriptions, workplace performance standards, sources of skills, performance gaps and their causes, as well as training solutions and non-training solutions. The study argues that there is a need to adopt a planned and systematic approach (i.e. Hague's Model) to the identification of the training and development needs of the black middle managers in the Income and Cash Directorate of the City of Cape Town. The study has four objectives: the first is to present a conceptual framework of the study by examining the existing literature on the analysis of training needs for managers in organisations; the second is to provide some background to the Income and Cash Directorate; the third objective is to adopt and apply Hague's Model of Training Needs Analysis (Hague, 1973) in the Income and Cash Directorate; and the fourth objective is to formulate a training and development strategy to be designed and implemented in order to address the training and development needs of the black middle managers in the Income and Cash Directorate. The study concludes, inter alia, that the lack of a systematic and planned approach to the identification of the training and development needs of black middle managers in the Income and Cash Directorate should be addressed by the adoption and application of Hague's Model of Training Needs Analysis (Hague, 1973), considering the fact that it makes provision for the collective determination of the training and development needs of black middle managers. The study then recommends the adoption Hague's Model of Training Needs Analysis (Hague, 1973) in the Income and Cash Directorate of the City of Cape Town. However, the following factors and issues should be taken into account in order to ensure the effective implementation of Hague's Model of Training Needs Analysis (Hague, 1973) in the organisation: finalising the job descriptions; developing specific and measurable performance standards; managing the performance of the managers; reviewing the training and development plan on a periodic basis; implementing the induction and mentorship systems; and implementing a management development programme. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie IS gemoeid met die identifisering van die opleidings- en ontwikkelingsbehoeftes van die swart middelbestuurders in die Inkomste- en Kontantdirektoraat van die Stad Kaapstad en is gebaseer op gebruikmaking van Hague se model (Hague, 1973) vir die analisering van opleidingsbehoeftes. Hierdie model bevestig die skepping van 'n verhouding van samewerking tussen die lynbestuurder, die werkgewer en die opleidingskonsultant. Hulle primêre taak is om die kwessies rakende posbeskrywing, sleutelwerksgebiede gebaseer op posbeskrywings, werkverrigtingstandaarde, bronne vir vaardigheidsopleiding, werkverrigtingsgapings en hulle oorsake, asook opleidingsoplossings en nie-opleidingsoplossings te ondersoek. Die studie argumenteer dat daar 'n behoefte bestaan vir die aanvaarding en toepassing van 'n sistematies- beplande benadering ( te wete die Hague-model) tot identifisering van die opleidings- en ontwikkelingsbehoeftes van die swart middelbestuurders in die Inkomste- en Kontant-direktoraat van die Stad Kaapstad. Die studiedoelwitte is viervoudig: die eerste is daarstelling van 'n konseptuele raamwerk aan die hand van die bestudering van bestaande literatuur oor die analise van opleidingsbehoeftes vir bestuurders in organisasies; die tweede is die verskaffing van agtergrondsinligting oor die Inkomste- en Kontantdirektoraat; die derde is die aanvaarding en toepassing van die Hague-model vir die analisering van opleidingsbehoeftes in die Inkomste- en Kontantdirektoraat; en die vierde is die aanbeveling dat 'n opleidings- en ontwikkelingstrategie vir aanspreking van die opleidings- en ontwikkelingsbehoeftes van swart middelbestuurders in die Inkomste- en Kontantdirektoraat ontwikkel en geïmplementeer word. Die studie kom tot die slotsom dat die gebrek aan 'n sistematies-beplande benadering tot die identifisering van opleidings- en ontwikkelingsbehoeftes van die swart middelbestuurders in die Inkomste- en Kontantdirektoraat aangespreek behoort te word deur die aanname en toepassing van die Hague-model (Hague, 1973) vir opleidingsbehoefte-analise aangesien dit voorsiening maak vir kollektiewe vasstelling van die swart middelbestuurders se opleidings- en ontwikkelingsbeshoeftes. Die aanvaarding van die Hague-model vir die analisering van opleidingsbehoeftes in die Inkomste- en Kontantdirektoraat van die Stad Kaapstad word dan ook aanbeveel. Daar word egter 'n aantal faktore en kwessies wat in aanmerking geneem moet word om effektiewe implementering van die Hague-model vir opleidingsanalise in die organisasie te verseker, uitgewys, te wete, finalisering van die posbeskrywings; die ontwikkeling van spesifieke en meetbare werkverrigtingstandaarde; besturing van die bestuurders se werkverrigting; periodieke hersiening van die opleidings- en ontwikkelingsplan; implementering van die inlywings- en mentorskapsisteem; en die implementering van 'n bestuursontwikkelingsprogram.

The critical role that an effective systematic training evaluation practice plays is in its ability to collect value systematically. The collected data is utilised to make a judgement or to evaluate learnings contribution. Without the training evaluation practice learning value is obscured. The instructionnal systems design (ISD) Addie is assessed as the systematic structure that can greatly assist the training evaluation practice. It supports the proposal of collecting value throughout the training lifecycle for the holistic view of learning value. The Kirkpatrick and Phillips (K/P) summative framework will be used to assess the current practice in collecting post-learning data. Addie was highly valued by the survey participants. The current summative practice in the organisation stops mainly at level two of the Kirkpatrick/Phillips model. The practice lacks comprehensive data collection at recommended best practice levels and is therefore, not effective, efficient and systematic in its approach to declare learning value. / Human Resource Management / M. Tech. (Human Resource Management)

隨著現代資訊科技與資訊社會的發展，檔案管理業務亦相應產生變革，為了因應檔案管理業務之進展，加強檔案管理人員的專業能力，並促進專業持續發展，檔案管理繼續教育有其必要性。 本研究透過文獻探討，瞭解國內、外檔案管理繼續教育實施管道和課程內容，再藉由問卷，調查曾經參加檔案管理訓練課程的檔案管理人員，對於繼續教育的滿意度和未來需求，最後以深度訪談法，蒐集國內培訓單位與參訓檔案管理人員對繼續教育訓練資源的意見，以探討國內檔案管理繼續教育之發展。 本研究主要提出以下結論：(一)國內、外檔案主管機關強調實務訓練，專業學會或培訓機構則提供廣泛專業學理和實務知能，支援檔案管理人員發展專業。(二)參訓檔案管理人員對於參加繼續教育的整體經驗感到滿意，並肯定繼續教育有助於提升專業知能及促進社群交流；(三)檔管人員期許培訓單位提供具有進階性、新穎性，且能應用於實務工作的繼續教育。(四)檔案管理人員呼籲主管機關推動專業人員認證制度，強化檔案管理人員專業地位。(五)國內培訓單位應從課程內容、進修管道及遠距教學等面向，發展檔案管理繼續教育訓練資源。 根據研究結果，本研究對國內培訓單位提出六項建議：(一)維持基礎與進階兩層次的核心課程，另增設專題性課程。(二)提供課程大綱與介紹，安排豐富多樣性的教學內容。(三)增加大臺北地區以外的繼續教育進修管道。(四)開設檔案管理學分班或在職進修專班。(五)建立檔管人員社群交流平台。(六)檔案主管機關加強檔案知識的橫向宣導，並推動檔案管理人員專業資格認證。 / With the development of modern information technology and information society, archives management work also consequential changes, in order to enhance professional competence of archivists, and to promote professional development, archives management continuing education is necessary. This study explored the way of the domestic and foreign authorities and professional institutions offering archives management continuing education and their training courses, and then surveyed the continuing education satisfaction and needs of archivists. Besides, the study also interviewed with domestic training institutions and archivists who have lots of training experience. Finally, the study discussed on the development of domestic archives management continuing education. The study made the following conclusions: (1) Domestic and foreign archives authorities stressed practical training, professional societies or professional training institutions provides extensive theoretical and practical knowledge to support the professional development of archivists. (2) Archivists are satisfied with the overall experience of participating in archives continuing education courses. Most participants agreed that continuing education help to improve professional abilities and knowledge, and to promote the knowledge exchange among archivists. (3) Archivists need advanced courses, or courses about practice and new archival issues. (4) Archivists expect the archives authorities to promote the professional certification, strengthening the professional status of archivists. (5) To develop our continuing education resources by improving the course content, increasing training opportunities, and offering distance learning or E-learning. According to the conclusions of the research, there are six suggestions as follows: (1) In addition to original basic and advanced courses, Training institutions may offer additional courses about specific subject. (2) Training institutions should provide the course outline and course introduction, and arrange a rich diversity of course content. (3) To increase the opportunities of attending archives continuing education for archivists who come outside Taipei area. (4)To offer credit classes or in-service continuing education classes. (5) To establish knowledge exchange platform for archivist community. (6) The archives authority should enhance the archival knowledge to the whole government agency, and promote the professional certification.

Η παρούσα μελέτη αποσκοπούσε στη διερεύνηση των επιμορφωτικών αναγκών των νεοδιόριστων δασκάλων. Μετά τον προσδιορισμό και την καταγραφή των προβλημάτων που αντιμετωπίζουν οι δάσκαλοι στο καθημερινό τους έργο, προσπαθήσαμε να προσδιορίσουμε τις προσωπικές τους ανάγκες για επιμόρφωση, διαχωρίζοντάς τες σε συνειδητές και ρητές και σε συνειδητές και μη ρητές. Στη συνέχεια εξετάσαμε κατά πόσο το πρόγραμμα της εισαγωγικής επιμόρφωσης το οποίο είναι υποχρεωμένοι να παρακολουθήσουν οι νεοδιόριστοι δάσκαλοι, ανταποκρίθηκε στα προβλήματα και κάλυψε τις επιμορφωτικές ανάγκες τους. Για τη μελέτη των παραπάνω θεμάτων, χρησιμοποιήσαμε τη θεωρία των κοινωνικών συστημάτων και ως ερευνητικό εργαλείο το ερωτηματολόγιο. Για την επεξεργασία των δεδομένων χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τόσο η ποσοτική ανάλυση, όσο και η ποιοτική ανάλυση περιεχομένου. Τα αποτελέσματα της μελέτης έδειξαν, ότι τα προβλήματα και οι επιμορφωτικές ανάγκες είναι πολλά, ενώ το πρόγραμμα της εισαγωγικής επιμόρφωσης δεν ανταποκρίθηκε στα προβλήματα και στις ανάγκες που είχαν οι νεοδιόριστοι δάσκαλοι για επιμόρφωση. / The study aimed to analyze the training needs of newly appointed primary teachers. After defining and recording the daily problems that schoolteachers face in their work, we tried to impose their personal needs for in-service training by dividing them into two categories: conscious and explicit ones and in conscious and not explicit ones. The next step was to examine the grade to which the program of introductive in-service training which, the newly appointed primary teachers are obliged to follow, covered their training needs and gave solution to some of the existing problems. In order to investigate the above-mentioned subjects, we applied the theory of social systems. As a research tool in our study we used the questionnaire. Quantitative as well as qualitative content analysis, have been used in order to analyze data. The study showed multiple problems, and indicated the great need for future training. Finally, the introductive training program did not correspond to the problems and the needs that the newly appointed primary teachers faced