This thesis researches psychological aspects in adult patients undergoing heart surgery. The thesis is divided into theoretical and empirical part. The theoretical part discusses depressive and anxiety symptomatology, quality of life and type D personality, in the context of cardiac surgery. Basic characteristics, possible relations, impacts of occurrence of these aspects and possible related interventions, which seem to be beneficial for cardiac surgery, are presented for each topic. In the empirical part, the symptoms of depression, anxiety and health-related quality of life were examined using a sample of (N = 47) patients undergoing valve surgery. BDI-II, BAI and SF-36 methods were used. The research was conducted in three measurements. The first measurement took place before the surgery, the second before the end of hospitalization and the third took place 30 days after being discharged from the hospital. It was discovered that the depressive symptomatology of our sample differed significantly from the normative sample in the first and second measurements. In the first measurement, the respondents of our sample differed significantly from the norm in the symptomatology of anxiety. In both cases it was an increased symptomatology of depression or anxiety over the norm. In the dimensions of...

The thesis is dedicated to the psychosocial aspects of women with breast cancer, such as stressful events, coping strategies, social support and personal and emotional factors and their possible specificity for this group of women. Aim of the theoretical part is a summary of the findings of type C personality, personality disposed to cancer and the overview of researches and particular results. The empirical part of the thesis is based on retrospective quantitative research with a focus on the number of stressful events, coping strategies, social support and features of alexithymia in women diagnosed with breast cancer (N = 70). These results were compared with a control group of women whose cancer have not been diagnosed (N = 81). The results show a significant difference in the amount of stressful events. Namely women with breast cancer have demonstrated significantly more stressful events prior to diagnosis than women without cancer. In addition, a significant difference has been found in the use of negative coping strategies which women without cancer experience using negative coping strategies more frequently than women with breast cancer. A significant difference has been found in the use of strategy "self-aggrandizement by comparison with others" which women with breast cancer use more than...

Introdução: Ansiedade, depressão, personalidade Tipo D e terapias de choque do cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável (CDI) são fatores de risco para pior ajuste psicossocial. Além da maior parte dos estudos serem realizados em países desenvolvidos, pouca atenção é dada a estes e outros fatores, assim como à influência na percepção de portadores de CDI quanto à sua cardiopatia de base. Estratégias de enfrentamento, diferença entre percepção do CDI e da doença, assim como percepção dos familiares também têm sido negligenciadas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever o perfil psicossocial de portadores de CDI em nosso meio, avaliar a relação entre os fatores de risco supracitados, percepções do paciente quanto à doença cardíaca e CDI, a relação entre ocorrência e frequência das terapias de choque do CDI e a compreensão e percepção de familiares em relação ao CDI. Método: 250 portadores de CDI foram avaliados (54.10 ±15.15 anos, 67% sexo masculino) quanto à percepção de doença (Questionário Breve de Percepção de Doença [B-IPQ]); ansiedade, depressão, distress (Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão [HADS]); personalidade Tipo D (DS-14); ocorrência e frequência de choques do CDI desde implante e estratégias de enfrentamento. Representações emocionais e compressão de familiares dos pacientes também foram medidas. A análise estatística utilizou os métodos de Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon e X2. Resultados: Noventa e nove pacientes (39,6%) apresentaram ansiedade, 62 (24.8%) depressão; 85(34%) distress, 84(34%) personalidade Tipo D e 72(29%) perceberam a doença cardíaca como ameaça. Ansiedade, distress, depressão e personalidade Tipo D foram associadas à percepção de cardiopatia como ameaçadora, OR=11 (p= <. 0001); 7.4 (p= <. 0001); 5.3 p= <. 0001); e 2.9 (p= 0.0001), respectivamente. A percepção da doença cardíaca como ameaça também foi influenciada pela presença de choques do CDI desde o implante, com OR= 2.2 (p= 0.007), 2.1 para >=3 choques em 24 horas (p= 0.03) e 2.4 para >= 5 choques desde o implante (p= 0.008). Pacientes ansiosos e Tipo D foram associados a pior percepção de doença, considerando: 1 - fortes crenças sobre consequências mais graves da doença; 2 - não serem capazes de controlar a doença; 3 - atribuem maior número de sintomas à doença; 4 - são mais preocupados e apresentam mais emoções negativas. As percepções de pacientes com distress ou depressivos são mais negativas em todas as subescalas, exceto compreensão. A maioria dos pacientes (68%) utilizou estratégias de enfrentamento focadas na emoção. Vinte e cinco por cento dos pacientes reportaram limitação imposta pela doença, enquanto 75% se sentiram limitados pelo CDI. Pacientes perceberam mais consequências negativas da doença que do CDI. Familiares apresentaram desgaste emocional e baixa compreensão quanto o uso e funcionamento do CDI. Conclusões: Portadores de CDI assistidos em hospital terciário de atenção cardiológica apresentaram: Elevada taxa de ocorrência de ansiedade; depressão, distress, personalidade Tipo D e percepção de doença como ameaça; Limitação das atividades da vida diária como a maior demanda vivenciada; Cardiopatia de base afetando mais a vida que o CDI, mas a maioria considerando o choque do CDI aversivo. Implicação: Intervenções psicossociais específicas são essenciais para melhor ajustamento de portadores de CDI e seus familiares / Introduction: Anxiety, depression, Type D personality, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks are well-known risk factors for psychosocial maladjustment. Despite the fact that most of the studies were conducted in well-developed countries, little attention has been given to these and others factors and their influence on ICD patients\' perceptions of their heart disease. Coping strategies, the differences between ICD patient and heart disease patient perceptions, and the perception of family members has also been neglected. This project was aimed at describing the psychosocial profile of Brazilian ICD patients and evaluating the relationship between the aforementioned risk factors and patient perceptions about their heart disease and ICD, the temporal relation between occurrence and frequency of ICD shocks, and the understanding and perception of family members regarding the ICD. Methods: 250 ICD patients were evaluated (54.10 ±15.15 years, 67% male) regarding illness perception (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire [B-IPQ]); anxiety, depression, distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]); Type D personality (DS-14); occurrence and frequency of ICD shocks since implantation; and coping. Family members\' comprehension and emotional representations of the ICD were also assessed. Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and X2 were used for statistical analysis. Results: Ninety-nine patients (40%) had anxiety, 62 (25%) depression; 85 (34%) distress, 84 (34%) Type D personality, and 72 (29%) perceived the heart disease as a threat. Anxiety, distress, depression, and Type D personality were associated with perceiving heart disease as a health threat with odds ratios of 11 (p= <.0001); 7.4 (p= <.0001); 5.3 (p= <.0001); and 2.9 (p= 0.0001), respectively. Patients\' perceptions of their heart disease as a threat were also influenced by ICD shocks since implantation with odds ratios of 2.1 (p= 0.007), of 2.1 for >=3 shocks in 24 hours (p= 0.045) and of 2.4 for >= 5 shocks since implantation (p= 0.043). Anxious and Type D patients were also associated with poorer illness perceptions regarding: 1 - strong beliefs about more serious consequences of the illness; 2 - not being capable of controlling the disease on their own; 3 - a greater number of symptoms attributed to the illness; 4 - more concerns and negative reactions. Distressed or depressive patients\' perceptions are more negative on every item of the scale except for understanding. The majority of patients (68%) used emotion focused coping mechanisms. Twenty-five percent of the patients reported feeling limited by heart disease, while 75% reported feeling limited by having the ICD in place. Patients perceived more negative consequences with heart disease than with ICD placement. Family members manifested distress about the ICD and misunderstanding regarding its purpose and function. Conclusions: ICD patients treated in a tertiary heart center presented with incresead frequency of anxiety, depression, distress, Type D personality, and perception of their illness as threat. Limitation of activities of daily living was the most common complaint. Heart disease was reported as more debilitating than the ICD itself, but most patients still considered the device\'s shock aversive. Implication: Specific psychosocial interventions are essential for better adjustment of ICD patients and their families after ICD placement

Introdução: Ansiedade, depressão, personalidade Tipo D e terapias de choque do cardioversor-desfibrilador implantável (CDI) são fatores de risco para pior ajuste psicossocial. Além da maior parte dos estudos serem realizados em países desenvolvidos, pouca atenção é dada a estes e outros fatores, assim como à influência na percepção de portadores de CDI quanto à sua cardiopatia de base. Estratégias de enfrentamento, diferença entre percepção do CDI e da doença, assim como percepção dos familiares também têm sido negligenciadas. Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever o perfil psicossocial de portadores de CDI em nosso meio, avaliar a relação entre os fatores de risco supracitados, percepções do paciente quanto à doença cardíaca e CDI, a relação entre ocorrência e frequência das terapias de choque do CDI e a compreensão e percepção de familiares em relação ao CDI. Método: 250 portadores de CDI foram avaliados (54.10 ±15.15 anos, 67% sexo masculino) quanto à percepção de doença (Questionário Breve de Percepção de Doença [B-IPQ]); ansiedade, depressão, distress (Escala Hospitalar de Ansiedade e Depressão [HADS]); personalidade Tipo D (DS-14); ocorrência e frequência de choques do CDI desde implante e estratégias de enfrentamento. Representações emocionais e compressão de familiares dos pacientes também foram medidas. A análise estatística utilizou os métodos de Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon e X2. Resultados: Noventa e nove pacientes (39,6%) apresentaram ansiedade, 62 (24.8%) depressão; 85(34%) distress, 84(34%) personalidade Tipo D e 72(29%) perceberam a doença cardíaca como ameaça. Ansiedade, distress, depressão e personalidade Tipo D foram associadas à percepção de cardiopatia como ameaçadora, OR=11 (p= <. 0001); 7.4 (p= <. 0001); 5.3 p= <. 0001); e 2.9 (p= 0.0001), respectivamente. A percepção da doença cardíaca como ameaça também foi influenciada pela presença de choques do CDI desde o implante, com OR= 2.2 (p= 0.007), 2.1 para >=3 choques em 24 horas (p= 0.03) e 2.4 para >= 5 choques desde o implante (p= 0.008). Pacientes ansiosos e Tipo D foram associados a pior percepção de doença, considerando: 1 - fortes crenças sobre consequências mais graves da doença; 2 - não serem capazes de controlar a doença; 3 - atribuem maior número de sintomas à doença; 4 - são mais preocupados e apresentam mais emoções negativas. As percepções de pacientes com distress ou depressivos são mais negativas em todas as subescalas, exceto compreensão. A maioria dos pacientes (68%) utilizou estratégias de enfrentamento focadas na emoção. Vinte e cinco por cento dos pacientes reportaram limitação imposta pela doença, enquanto 75% se sentiram limitados pelo CDI. Pacientes perceberam mais consequências negativas da doença que do CDI. Familiares apresentaram desgaste emocional e baixa compreensão quanto o uso e funcionamento do CDI. Conclusões: Portadores de CDI assistidos em hospital terciário de atenção cardiológica apresentaram: Elevada taxa de ocorrência de ansiedade; depressão, distress, personalidade Tipo D e percepção de doença como ameaça; Limitação das atividades da vida diária como a maior demanda vivenciada; Cardiopatia de base afetando mais a vida que o CDI, mas a maioria considerando o choque do CDI aversivo. Implicação: Intervenções psicossociais específicas são essenciais para melhor ajustamento de portadores de CDI e seus familiares / Introduction: Anxiety, depression, Type D personality, and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) shocks are well-known risk factors for psychosocial maladjustment. Despite the fact that most of the studies were conducted in well-developed countries, little attention has been given to these and others factors and their influence on ICD patients\' perceptions of their heart disease. Coping strategies, the differences between ICD patient and heart disease patient perceptions, and the perception of family members has also been neglected. This project was aimed at describing the psychosocial profile of Brazilian ICD patients and evaluating the relationship between the aforementioned risk factors and patient perceptions about their heart disease and ICD, the temporal relation between occurrence and frequency of ICD shocks, and the understanding and perception of family members regarding the ICD. Methods: 250 ICD patients were evaluated (54.10 ±15.15 years, 67% male) regarding illness perception (Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire [B-IPQ]); anxiety, depression, distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale [HADS]); Type D personality (DS-14); occurrence and frequency of ICD shocks since implantation; and coping. Family members\' comprehension and emotional representations of the ICD were also assessed. Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and X2 were used for statistical analysis. Results: Ninety-nine patients (40%) had anxiety, 62 (25%) depression; 85 (34%) distress, 84 (34%) Type D personality, and 72 (29%) perceived the heart disease as a threat. Anxiety, distress, depression, and Type D personality were associated with perceiving heart disease as a health threat with odds ratios of 11 (p= <.0001); 7.4 (p= <.0001); 5.3 (p= <.0001); and 2.9 (p= 0.0001), respectively. Patients\' perceptions of their heart disease as a threat were also influenced by ICD shocks since implantation with odds ratios of 2.1 (p= 0.007), of 2.1 for >=3 shocks in 24 hours (p= 0.045) and of 2.4 for >= 5 shocks since implantation (p= 0.043). Anxious and Type D patients were also associated with poorer illness perceptions regarding: 1 - strong beliefs about more serious consequences of the illness; 2 - not being capable of controlling the disease on their own; 3 - a greater number of symptoms attributed to the illness; 4 - more concerns and negative reactions. Distressed or depressive patients\' perceptions are more negative on every item of the scale except for understanding. The majority of patients (68%) used emotion focused coping mechanisms. Twenty-five percent of the patients reported feeling limited by heart disease, while 75% reported feeling limited by having the ICD in place. Patients perceived more negative consequences with heart disease than with ICD placement. Family members manifested distress about the ICD and misunderstanding regarding its purpose and function. Conclusions: ICD patients treated in a tertiary heart center presented with incresead frequency of anxiety, depression, distress, Type D personality, and perception of their illness as threat. Limitation of activities of daily living was the most common complaint. Heart disease was reported as more debilitating than the ICD itself, but most patients still considered the device\'s shock aversive. Implication: Specific psychosocial interventions are essential for better adjustment of ICD patients and their families after ICD placement

Исследование возможности использования пользовательской информации с целью извлечения прибыли в связи с развитием технологий является актуальным для экономической сферы деятельности любой отрасли коммерческого предприятия. Первой задачей данной диссертационной работы является разработка и описание модели, предназначенной для эффективного ее использования с целью монетизации результатов анализа персональных данных, с учетом выявленных в процессе исследования недостатков существующих решений, применяемых на рынке. Второй задачей работы является разработка рабочей модели обработки данных, лежащей в основе предложенной модели монетизации с последующим проведением анализа точности ее работы с целью подтверждения жизнеспособности идеи разработки полноценной предложенной модели с целью решения поставленных перед ней задач. / Study the possibility of using user information for profit in connection with the development of technology is relevant to the economic activity of any branch of business. The aim of this work is the development and description of models, designed for efficient use with the aim of monetizing the results of the analysis of personal data, as well as develop a working model of processing underlying the proposed model of monetization. Here will be described the alternative methods and technologies that can use to build similar systems. Practical aspect in this regard is the lack of automated systems to determine the personality type of the person based on his activity on the Internet. Including descriptions of the use of such systems to resolve problems in different areas on the basis of an assessment of the accuracy of their work.

本研究之目的在了解兩人合作時，團隊成員與夥伴之A/B類行為、能力差異知覺對於團隊工作表現、合作滿意及情緒的影響。本研究採實驗室實驗法，以131名大學女生為實驗對象，兩人一組，所需完成之作業為一電腦判斷任務。 本研究的結果乃根據2（個體之行為組型：A/B）X 2（夥伴之行為組型：A/B）X 2（能力差異知覺：佳/差）三因子變異數分析而來。在團隊工作表現方面，「個體之A/B類行為」的主要效果顯示，A類行為者的團隊工作表現，與B類行為者並沒有差異。「個體之A/B類行為」與「能力差異知覺」的交互作用顯示能力差異知覺對B類行為者的影響較A類行為者大；在被告知其能力較差時，B類行為者的團隊工作表現較A類行為者佳，而在被告知其能力較佳時，其團隊工作表現則較A類行為者差。另外，「個體之A/B類行為」、「夥伴之A/B類行為」及「能力差異知覺」的三因子交互作用達顯著，A類行為者在「知覺能力較差」且「夥伴為A類行為者」時，團隊工作表現最差。 在合作滿意方面，「個體之A/B類行為」的主要效果顯示，兩者的合作滿意度沒有差異；而「夥伴之A/B行為」的主要效果達顯著，表示不論本身為A類或B類行為者，與A類行為者合作的滿意度較低於與B類行為者合作。 在情緒部分，「個體之A/B類行為」的主要效果顯示A類行為者的情緒較B類行為者為負向，較容易焦慮；此外，「個體之A/B類行為」、「夥伴之A/B類行為」與「能力差異知覺」的三因子交互作用達顯著，當A類行為者被告知能力較差時，A類行為者與A類夥伴合作時，其情緒最為負向。 本研究最後針對所有的研究結果作整合性的討論，並依實驗所得的結果，提出可能的貢獻、限制、對未來研究的建議及工商實務上的應用。

Background: Unemployment may impair mental and physical health. The influencing factors causing such negative effects are relevant from an individual and public health perspective. The personality as one possible influencing factor was discussed. This study investigated the prevalence of the type-D personality in an unemployed population and its connections to socio-demographic, psychological and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Methods: A questionnaire set including socio-demographics, type-D scale (DS14), Complaint list (BL), Beck-Depression-Inventory II (BDI-II) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) was handed out to 203 unemployed individuals [126 females, mean age ± SD: 42.36 ± 11.08]. For HRV assessment (RMSSD), a subsample of 83 participants [50 females, median age ± IQR: 47.00 ± 17.00] passed the “stress-tests” (timed breathing, d2-attention-stress-test, math test) while heart frequency (HF) was acquired via the Stressball software (BioSign GmbH, Ottenhofen, Germany). Results: 53% of the unemployed had a type-D personality. Compared to non-type-D individuals, type-D individuals had rarely children and by trend a lower educational level; they showed significantly higher scores in the BDI-II and lower scores in the GSE and BL. No differences were observed in mean HF or RMSSD during all the stress-tests. Conclusion: The HRV of individuals with a type-D personality is no worse than that of individuals without a type-D personality. Type-D personality was significantly associated with negative health effects regarding depressiveness, self-efficacy and physical complaints. Our main findings implicate that the DS14 could serve as a short and reliable screening instrument to select concerned unemployed individuals who might be at risk for negative health effects for adequate intervention.

Background: Unemployment may impair mental and physical health. The influencing factors causing such negative effects are relevant from an individual and public health perspective. The personality as one possible influencing factor was discussed. This study investigated the prevalence of the type-D personality in an unemployed population and its connections to socio-demographic, psychological and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Methods: A questionnaire set including socio-demographics, type-D scale (DS14), Complaint list (BL), Beck-Depression-Inventory II (BDI-II) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) was handed out to 203 unemployed individuals [126 females, mean age ± SD: 42.36 ± 11.08]. For HRV assessment (RMSSD), a subsample of 83 participants [50 females, median age ± IQR: 47.00 ± 17.00] passed the “stress-tests” (timed breathing, d2-attention-stress-test, math test) while heart frequency (HF) was acquired via the Stressball software (BioSign GmbH, Ottenhofen, Germany). Results: 53% of the unemployed had a type-D personality. Compared to non-type-D individuals, type-D individuals had rarely children and by trend a lower educational level; they showed significantly higher scores in the BDI-II and lower scores in the GSE and BL. No differences were observed in mean HF or RMSSD during all the stress-tests. Conclusion: The HRV of individuals with a type-D personality is no worse than that of individuals without a type-D personality. Type-D personality was significantly associated with negative health effects regarding depressiveness, self-efficacy and physical complaints. Our main findings implicate that the DS14 could serve as a short and reliable screening instrument to select concerned unemployed individuals who might be at risk for negative health effects for adequate intervention.

The object of the research was the employees of the "Linkom" branch of the city of Yekaterinburg. The subject of the study was the individual psychological characteristics of the staff (the type of personality corresponds to the organizational environment, the level of stress-resistance of the staff, the level of communication skills, the level of personality conflict, the psychological climate in the organization). The master's thesis consists of an introduction, two chapters, a conclusion, a list of literature (58 sources) and 11 applications, including summary tables of research data and forms of methodologies. The volume of the master's thesis is 86 pages. In the introduction, the urgency of the research problem is revealed, the goal and objectives of the research are set, the object and the subject of the research are determined, the basic and additional hypotheses are formulated, the methods and the empirical basis are specified, as well as the stages of the research, the scientific novelty, the theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the topic of the study, a description of the factors of staff turnover. Socio-psychological aspects of staff turnover are separately examined. Conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It contains a description of the sample, organization, methods and results of the study, obtained from the seven methods used: 1) the questionnaire of professional self-determination by J. Holland; 2) questionnaire "Determining the type of future profession" E.A. Klimova; 3) questionnaire "Assessment of the level of conflictual personality" Rogova V..I; 4) questionnaire "Assessment of the psychological climate in the organization" Lutoshkina L.N.; 5) questionnaire "Professional stress" Golovatskoy S.L; 6) questionnaire "Communicative propensities" Sinyakovskiy V.V. and Fedorishina B.A.; 7) questionnaire to determine the degree of satisfaction with their profession and work for N. Zhirin and E. Ilyin. Statistical analysis used the analysis of means. The conclusions of Chapter 2 include the main results of the empirical study. In conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, are presented in a generalized form, the practical significance of the study is substantiated and possible prospects for further development of this problem are described. / Объектом исследования сотрудники подразделения ООО «Линком» г. Екатеринбурга. Предметом исследования стали индивидуально-психологические особенности персонала (соответствие типа личности организационной среде, уровень стрессоустойчивости сотрудников, уровень сформированности коммуникативных навыков, уровень конфликтности личности, психологический климат в организации). Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (58 источника) и 11-ти приложений, включающих в себя сводные таблицы данных исследования и бланки методик. Объем магистерской диссертации 86 страниц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируются основная и дополнительная гипотезы, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме исследования, описание факторов текучести кадров. Отдельно рассматриваются социально-психологические аспекты текучести кадров. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание выборки, организации, методов и результатов исследования, полученных по семи использованным методикам:1) опросник профессионального самоопределения Дж. Голланда; 2) опросник «Определение типа будущей профессии» Е.А. Климова; 3) опросник «Оценка уровня конфликтности личности» Рогова В.И.; 4) опросник «Оценка психологического климата в организации» Лутошкина Л.Н.; 5) опросник «Профессиональный стресс» Головацкой С.Л.; 6) опросник «Коммуникативные склонности» Синяковского В.В. и Федоришина Б.А.; 7) опросник на выявление степени удовлетворенности своей профессией и работой по Н. Жирину и Е. Ильину. При статистической обработке использовался анализ средних. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики.

The research posed two questions, namely (a) how much stress, if any, is experienced by house mothers in a childrens' home, and (b) which factors cause such stress. The methodology employed is descriptive research. It covered the total population of ten house mothers in a childres' home. Measuring instruments employed were; the Heimler scale for Social Functioning, the Glazer Stress Control Life Style Questionnaire, the Stress Questionnaire, and a self-formulated questionnaire. The results are as follows: 70% reported average to high stress, but are inclined to deny stress. 30% reported normal stress levels, Possible causes of stress are the work context of the childrens' home, age, period of service, and personality. / Die studie soek antwoorde op twee vrae, naamlik (a) hoeveel sires, indien enige, beleef huismoeders in 'n kinderhuis, en (b) wat veroorsaak sulke sires? Die metode wat gebruik was, is beskrywende navorsing. Die totale populasie van tien huismoeders in die spesifieke kinderhuis is betrek. Die klein omvang maak hierdie studie nie veralgemeenbaar nie. Die volgende meetinstrumente is benut ; die Heimlerskaal vir Maatskaplike Funksionering, die "Glazer Stress Control Life Style Questionnaire'', die "Stress Questionnaire", en 'n selfgeformuleerde vraelys. Die resultate is soos volg: 70% van die huismoeders in die studie vermeld gemiddelde tot hoe mates van stres, maar is geneig om stres te ontken. Dertig persent van die respondente vermeld normale hoeveelhede stres. Moontlike oorsake van sires is aangetoon as: die werkskonteks binne die kinderhuis, ouderdom, tydperk van diens, en persoonlikheid / Social Work / M.A. (Social Work: Mental Health)