The purpose of this thesis is to establish a foundation built on the congruencies between Margaret Fuller’s feminist theory and Nathaniel Hawthorne’s fiction, with the aim of addressing two major points: first, the implications of universalizing gender in the context of identity politics; and second, to show how gender universality is challenged within Hawthorne’s fiction and Fuller’s prose. Given that Nathaniel Hawthorne’s characters depict a range of personal variability, the act of synthesizing Margaret Fuller’s feminist theory with Hawthorne’s fiction functions to link the personal with the political. The overall goal of this study is to substantiate both writers within a feminist discourse and further, as contributory in the fight for gender equality.

Nous allons exposer dans ce mémoire divers résultats sur l’universalité en analyse complexe. Nous énoncerons d’abord des résultats généraux sur les séries universelles, puis sur un type d’universalité dû à Fournier et Nestoridis qui établit un lien nouveau entre l’universalité et la non-normalité d’une famille de fonctions. Par la suite, nous introduirons un type différent de séries universelles obtenues en réarrangeant les termes de séries arbitraires. Nous prouverons dans ce mémoire la généricité algébrique de ce type de séries universelles pour tout espace de Banach et la généricité topologique dans les espaces de dimension finie. Aussi, nous démontrerons que pour toute série universelle par réarrangement il existe un réarrangement de ses termes pour lequel cette série devient universelle au sens usuel. / This Master’s thesis mainly concerns universality in complex analysis. First, we shall summarize general results on universal series and on a new type of universality introduced by Fournier and Nestoridis. Then, we shall introduce a new kind of universal series which are obtained by rearranging terms of arbitrary series. We will prove the algebraic genericity of these series for any Banach space and the topological genericity for finite dimensional spaces. Also, we will demonstrate that for any universal series in this sense, there exists a rearrangement of its terms for which it becomes universal in the usual sense.

As a result of recent advances in micro and nanotechnology, the tiny movements of nanoscale active and passive objects in fluids can be probed with ultrahigh sensitivity and time resolution. The overarching theme of this dissertation is to harness these movements in fluids in order to study fundamental fluid dynamics and develop novel biomedical devices. First, we use the oscillatory movements of nanocantilevers to investigate the scaling behavior of unsteady fluid flow. Here, our expansive experimental data and rigorous theoretical analysis suggest that a generalized scaling parameter combining the length and time scales of the flow governs the scaling. Second, we turn our attention to nanoscale movements of bacteria in a buffer. We develop a simple, robust and sensitive experimental method to detect and track the random movements of bacteria. Using this method, we show evidence that these random movements of bacteria correlate with their antibiotic susceptibility. In the first part of this thesis, we explore, through experimental and theoretical work, the breakdown of the Navier-Stokes equations in oscillatory fluid flows. The Navier-Stokes equations of hydrodynamics are based on two crucial assumptions. First, the fluid is approximated as a continuum, with a well-defined ``fluid particle." Second, the stress in the fluid is assumed to be a linear function of the rate-of-strain, resulting in a so-called Newtonian fluid. If a fluid such as an ideal gas is gradually rarefied, the Navier-Stokes equations begin to fail and a kinetic description of the flow becomes appropriate. The failure of the Navier-Stokes equations can be thought to take place via two different physical mechanisms: either the continuum hypothesis breaks down as a result of a finite size effect; or the local equilibrium is violated due to the high rate of strain. Our experimental approach is to create an unsteady flow by oscillating a finite-sized body in a gas and to measure the dissipation (or the drag force) acting on the body. By using micro and nanofabrication techniques, we independently tune the relevant linear dimensions and the frequencies of the oscillating bodies. We then measure the pressure-dependent dissipation of these micro/nano oscillators in three different gases, Helium, Nitrogen, and Argon. We observe that the scaling of the fluidic dissipation is governed by a subtle interplay between the length scale and the frequency, embodied respectively in the dimensionless Knudsen (Kn) and the Weissenberg ( Wi) numbers. We collapse all the experimental data using a single scaling parameter: Wi + Kn. This new dimensionless parameter, which can be regarded as a generalized Knudsen number, combines the relevant linear dimension and the frequency of the body; it is rooted in Galilean invariance and can be obtained rigorously from the Chapman-Enskog expansion of the Boltzmann equation. In the second part of the thesis, we turn to the movements of active micro-swimmers in a buffer. This portion of the work is motivated by a serious global public health problem: the rise of multi-drug resistant bacteria. One way to prevent this threat from growing is to treat bacterial infections with effective antibiotics using the minimum dosage. However, currently-used antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs), which determine whether or not bacterial isolates from a patient are susceptible to administered antibiotics, take too long. Here, we aim to develop a robust and rapid AST by exploiting a recently-observed microbiological phenomenon: various nanomechanical movements of bacteria subside promptly (within minutes) when the bacteria are exposed to an effective antibiotic. Our approach is to transduce bacterial movements into electrical voltage fluctuations in a microchannel filled with a buffer solution. When a small but constant current is driven through the microchannel, bacterial movements are converted into strong voltage fluctuations due to the fact that they modulate the effective microchannel diameter. Our experiments with E. coli show that the proposed detection method can provide antibiotic susceptibility results in ~1 hour, making it a promising rapid AST. Because this approach is based on a simple electrical measurement and does not require delicate process steps and instrumentation, it may eventually be used at the point of care. / 2019-03-09T00:00:00Z

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:55:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GRACE MACHADO.pdf: 883369 bytes, checksum: 5d0ddc6f734ef22a8625972ceb995daa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-02-22 / This study presents results of a quantitative and qualitative case study about the accessibility of patients of the System of Health Public SUS that require authorization to the medium and high exams at the Sector of Check-in/Ticket Exam and at the Sector of High Complexity/High Cost of the Secretary Municipal of Health of Goiânia. To identify the social-profile, the difficulties to access the authorization process and, also, to fulfill the post-authorization exams, have been used blank forms with closed questions for both mentioned sectors. Interviews have been made from a pre-defined itinerary used for the employees and twenty patients of the studied sectors. Information about the authorization and fulfillment of required exams and the difficulties funded by the patients to fulfill certain kinds of exams were crossed. The present results point for facilities to fulfill medium-complexity exams of Clinical Pathology and highcomplexity exams of cardiology, for the companies that provide service for SUS select low-cost procedure when it comes to companies that provide service for SUS. It concludes that there is a need to ensure to the citizen the full access of the health service with the purpose of a fair and effective attention. / Este trabalho apresenta resultados de um estudo de caso quantitativo e qualitativo sobre a acessibilidade dos pacientes do Sistema Único de Saúde SUS que buscaram autorização de seus exames de média e alta complexidade nos setores de Check-in/Vale Exame e de Alto Custo/Alta Complexidade da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Goiânia. Para a identificação do perfil sócio-econômico, das dificuldades de acesso quanto ao processo de autorização e também para a realização dos exames pósautorização, foram utilizados formulários com questões fechadas para os dois setores citados. Foram realizadas entrevistas a partir de um roteiro pré-definido junto a funcionários dos setores estudados e vinte pacientes. Foram cruzadas as informações referentes à autorização e realização dos exames requisitados e as dificuldades encontradas pelos pacientes para realizar determinados tipos de exames. Os resultados apresentados indicam que existem facilidades para realização de exames de Patologia Clínica de média complexidade e de exames de Cardiologia na alta complexidade, pelo fato dos prestadores de serviços do SUS selecionarem procedimentos de baixo custo na execução (patologia clínica) ou de maior valor pago por procedimento (colocação de próteses cardíacas e cirurgias cardíacas de alta complexidade). Conclui pela necessidade de assegurar ao cidadão o acesso integral aos serviços de saúde com o propósito de uma atenção justa e eficaz.

A tese parte da hipótese central de que existe uma antinomia fundamental no pensamento político ocidental contemporâneo entre os Direitos Humanos e a Soberania. Observamos tal antinomia em dois campos distintos, porém interconectados: no campo propriamente teórico, no qual chegamos à antinomia do projeto universal-cosmopolita dos Direitos Humanos em relação ao Estadoemuralhado- nacional, e no campo do direito internacional, no qual a antinomia se faz presente em alguns instrumentos jurídicos internacionais do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial. Ao final da pesquisa, a hipótese central se confirmou, o que mostrou, portanto, a vigência de uma dupla matriz teórico-prática no pensamento político (duas filosofias) presentes no mundo contemporâneo. De um lado, os Direitos Humanos levados às últimas consequências (em sua extremidade lógica), remetem a um mundo sem fronteiras e o defendem: o do kosmopolites (cidadão do mundo). Por outro lado, a Soberania, de igual forma, em sua extremidade lógica, remete às fronteiras territoriais, aos territórios fechados e de jurisdição exclusiva. Vista por esse viés, a Soberania atém-se à lógica da muralha, da distinção e polaridade do eu e do outro enquanto o cidadão-nacional versus o estrangeiro. / This thesis argues from the central hypothesis that there is an essential antinomy in the contemporary Western political thought between human rights and Sovereignty. This antagonism can be observed in two fields (although interconnected): in the theorethical field itself, in which we arrive at a universal-cosmopolitan project antagonistic to the State-enclosed-national terrritory; and in the field of international law, where we encounter this paradox in some of the international post-Second World War legal instruments. At the end of the research, the hypothesis was confirmed, thus revealing the existence of a double theoretical-practical matrix in the political thought (two philosophies) of the contemporary world. On the one hand, human rights are taken to the very end (in its logical extreme), correlate and defend a world without borders, of the kosmopolites (world citizen). On the other hand, Sovereignty, equally taken in this logical extreme, refers back to territories frontiers, to the closed territories, and its exclusive jurisdiction. Seen from this point of view, Sovereignty ties itself to the logic of the wall, the distinction and polarity of I and the other, as the national-citizen versus the foreigner.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:38:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 21 / Fundação Universitária para Desenvolvimento do Ensino e da Pesquisa / A despeito da afirmada universalidade dos direitos humanos, a concepção, desenvolvimento histórico e aplicação dos direitos humanos apresenta-se de forma variada no contexto de civilizações distintas. Uma análise comparativa entre as civilizações ocidental, hinduísta, muçulmana e chinesa revela sua diversidade e a influência de suas concepções próprias sobre ser humano, ordem social, direito e direitos humanos. A diferença dos valores está presente no constitucionalismo que passou a fazer parte da história de cada uma e no privilégio dado a direitos sociais e coletivos, ou às liberdades individuais. A resistência ao discurso universalista dos direitos humanos surge também como um aspecto da política internacional, visto que a análise de sua dimensão política na normativa internacional e na prática dos Estados revela desafios civilizacionais à sua implementação, tais como a oposição à seletividade e politização dos direitos humanos e o apelo a particularidades regionais e nacionais e aos vários antecedentes re / In spite of the affirmated universality of Human Rights, the conception, historical development, and its application are presented in a varied way in the context of different civilizations. A comparative analysis among the Occidental, Hindu, Muslim and Chinese civilizations reveals their diversity and the influence of their own conceptions about the human being, social order, Law and Human Rights. The difference of the values is present in the constitutionalism which became part of the history of each civilization, and in the privilege that is given to the social and collective rights or to the individual liberties. The resistance to the universalistic speech of Human Rights also emerges as an aspect of international politics, because the analysis of the Human Rights political dimension in the international Law system and in the States practice reveals civilizational challenges to its implementation, like the opposition to their selectiveness and politicization and the appeal to regional and national parti

A universalidade do juízo de gosto não tem um princípio objetivo porque não pretende determinar nenhum objeto. Mas para assegurar sua necessidade e escapar da contingência da experiência, ela se ampara no princípio exemplar do senso comum (Gemeinsinn), ou seja, num princípio subjetivo que determina apenas por sentimento, e não por conceito, aquilo que apraz ou não apraz. No entanto, sob a pressuposição de um assentimento universal a respeito do que é belo, a necessidade neste juízo adquire uma representação objetiva baseada no fundamento de nosso sentimento. É na dedução deste fundamento do sensus communis que se concentra nosso esforço nesta dissertação, pois tentaremos mostrar que ela percorre toda a Crítica da Faculdade de Julgar Estética. / The universality of judgement of taste has none objective principle because does not intend to determine any object. Nevertheless, in order to assure its necessity and to escape from the experience\'s contingency, this universality supports itself in exemplary principle of common sense (Gemeinsinn), in other words, in a subjective principle which determines what is pleasure or not, only by feeling and not by concept. Although, under the presupposition of a universal agreement regarding what is beautiful, the necessity in this judgement acquires an objective representation based on our feeling\'s ground. It is in this deduction of this ground of sensus communis that concentrates our effort in this dissertation, because we will try to demonstrate that it courses through the entire Critique of Aesthetic Judgement.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A compreensão dos direitos humanos considerados como universais variam ao longo da história, uma vez que as necessidades dos homens e os fatores político, econômico, social e cultural também mudam. O argumento da presente dissertação consiste em destacar a variabilidade da dimensão universal dos direitos dos homens por meio da teoria política, social e das relações internacionais, abordando questões tais como a construção do padrão dos direitos humanos na teoria política, sua institucionalização no plano internacional, a transformação dos tipos de direitos que são considerados como universais, para quem eles são estendidos e a quem seu acesso é restrito. O objetivo é discutir sobre a variabilidade do caráter universal dos direitos humanos como valores, focando na questão das reivindicações de direitos específicos a serem considerados no escopo dos direitos humanos. / The understanding of human rights considered as universal changes throughout history, once that the needs of men and the political, economic, social and cultural factors also change. The argument of this paper is to highlight the variability of the universal dimension of the human rights through the political and social theory and also the international relations, addressing questions such as the construction of the human rights standard in the political theory, your institutionalization at the international level, the transformation of the types of rights which are considered as been universals, for whom they are extended and for whom your access is restricted. The goal is to discuss about the variability of the universal character of the human rights as values, focusing on the issue of claims specific rights to be considered as human rights.

Submitted by Luanna Matias (lua_matias@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-02-09T10:47:05Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Enéias da Rosa - 2014.pdf: 4805516 bytes, checksum: e22ffdee55ed6324971b286ece0cb6e8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-02-20T10:18:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Enéias da Rosa - 2014.pdf: 4805516 bytes, checksum: e22ffdee55ed6324971b286ece0cb6e8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-20T10:18:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Enéias da Rosa - 2014.pdf: 4805516 bytes, checksum: e22ffdee55ed6324971b286ece0cb6e8 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-08 / This dissertation proposes to construct arguments to the possibility of human rights universalization from Rousseau. To this end, the investigative effort, which brings elements: address the political, social and economic context in which the author's work is inserted, and the consequent inequalities arising there from; having a conception of man to evolve into an implicated morality with himself, with the other members of the community and the world; defend a conception of freedom and equality, while original condition the man, who turns into political right, to the extent that man lives in society and in this place is recognized as a historical subject.. In this sense, the possibility of human rights universalization from Rousseau implies the imbrication of different philosophical arguments for the claim. / O presente trabalho propõe-se a construir argumentos à possibilidade de universalização dos direitos humanos a partir de Rousseau. Para tal, o esforço investigativo realizado, aporta elementos que: abordam o contexto político, social e econômico, no qual a obra do autor está inserida, e as consequentes desigualdades daí surgidas; apresentam uma concepção de homem capaz de desenvolver uma moralidade implicada consigo mesmo, com os demais membros da comunidade e com o mundo; defendem uma concepção de liberdade e igualdade, enquanto condição originária ao homem, que transforma-se em direito político, na medida em que o homem vive em sociedade e aí se afirma enquanto sujeito histórico. Neste sentido, a possibilidade de universalização dos direitos humanos a partir de Rousseau implica no embricamento de diferentes argumentos filosóficos para se afirmar.

The genesis of creole languages is important to the field of linguistics for at least two reasons. As newly emerging languages, creoles provide a unique window on the human language faculty and on the development of language generally (Veenstra 2008). They also offer insight into what are arguably universal linguistic structures. Two opposing theories have been in contention in the literature with respect to creole genesis: (1) that creoles owe their origin to the lexifier and substrate languages of their speech community and to other environmental influences (McWhorter 1997); and alternatively, (2) that universal innate linguistic structures or principles are the generative source of creole grammar (Bickerton 1981). Both theories have a claim to at least partial correctness. This thesis adds new evidence in support of the universalist/innatist argument. This thesis examines five written creole languages and two signed creole languages of geographic and historical diversity and focuses on the grammatical system of case, word order, and agreement of these languages as one axis along which to investigate the issue of creole genesis and universality. The signed languages in particular offer unique data, especially the data from Nicaraguan Sign Language, where there was an absence of significant lexifier and substrate influences. Patterns of what are termed core indispensable features in these seven language systems are uncovered, examined and compared. Further comparison is made with the case, word order, and agreement features of the world's languages generally and of creole languages as a subset of the world's languages, based on data in the World Atlas of Language Structures (Dryer & Haspelmath 2009) and in the Atlas of Pidgin and Creole Language Structures (Michaelis et al. 2013b), respectively. The findings and contributions to the field made possible from the data in this thesis are that there are commonalities in the case, word order, and agreement systems of the subject creole languages that qualify as core indispensable features and that these features are generated by universal innate linguistic expectations. These commonalities are: (1) that morphological case inflection is not a core indispensable feature; (2) that SVO word order is a core indispensable feature; and (3) that agreement as a feature, seen only when word order is apparently verb final, occurs only in the signed creole languages and is more accurately interpreted as topicalization incorporated into SVO word order rather than as an independent core feature. Nicaraguan Sign Language presents especially compelling evidence for these conclusions.