This study describes students' perceptions of their physics classroom learning environments and their interactions with their teachers in upper secondary school classes in Thailand. Associations between these perceptions and students' attitudes toward physics were also determined. The learning environment perceptions were obtained using the 35-item Physics Laboratory Environment Inventory (PLEI) modified from the original Science Laboratory Environment Inventory (Fraser, McRobbie, & Giddings, 1993). Teacher-student interactions were assessed with the 48-item Questionnaires on Teacher Interaction (QTI) (Wubbels & Levy, 1993). Both these questionnaires have an Actual Form (assesses the class as it actually is) and a Preferred Form (asks the students what they would prefer their class to be like - the ideal situation). Students' attitudes were assessed with a short Attitude scale. The questionnaires were translated into the Thai language and administered to a sample of 4,576 students in 245 physics classes at the grade 12 level. Statistically significant differences were found between the students' perceptions of actual and preferred environments and teacher interpersonal behaviour in Thailand. Associations between students' perceptions of their learning environments and teachers' interpersonal behaviour with their attitudes to their physics classes also were found. It was found from interviews with a sub-sample that particular categories of comments could be identified, physics being a difficult subject, evaluation and assessments not being related to the tertiary entrance examination, and teachers' plans. These factors appear to be affecting student achievement in physics. Based on all the findings, suggestions for improving the physics laboratory classroom environment and teacher interpersonal behaviour with students' perceptions are provided.

<p>The aim of this study is to examine the vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge in English among Swedish upper secondary school students. The primary material consists of two vocabulary tests, one collocation test, and a background questionnaire.</p><p>The first research question concerns whether the students who receive a major part of their education in English have a higher level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge in English than those who are taught primarily in Swedish. The second concerns if the students who started to learn English before the age of 7 have a higher level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge in English than those who started after 7. The third concerns if the level of the students' vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge correlates. The fourth addresses whether external inputs of English may have had an effect on the students' vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge level.</p><p>The results indicate that reinforcement of English through an education mostly in English has rendered a higher level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge in English. In addition, starting to learn English before age 7 also appeared to have had a positive effect on these levels. In addition, the results suggest that an early onset (before 7) of English compensates for lack of reinforcement of English. Conversely, reinforcement of English compensates for a late onset (after 7) of English. However, the results imply that the combination of an early onset (before 7) of English and reinforcement of English is the most efficient means to achieve a high level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge.</p><p>Moreover, a clear correlation was found between vocabulary knowledge and receptive collocation knowledge, which also points to the importance of a large exposure to English.</p><p>For the high performance students, external influences such as English in primary and secondary school, and a high motivation to learn English may have contributed to a higher language confidence, and possibly a higher level of vocabulary and receptive collocation knowledge.</p><p> </p>

<p>Syftet med denna studie är att, utifrån ett matematikdidaktiskt perspektiv, undersöka hur derivata introduceras i gymnasiets kurs Matematik C. Vi har i huvudsak fokuserat på didaktik och kognitiv utveckling. I en genomgång av relevant litteratur har vi tagit del av teorier och resultat från tidigare forskning inom samma område. Litteraturen försöker besvara frågan om hur lärare på bästa sätt kan överbrygga kognitiva hinder och ge elever en djupare förståelse kring de matematiska sammanhangen.</p><p>Vårt material består av kvalitativa intervjuer med lärare från två skolor och ett antal läroböcker. Genomgången av intervjumaterialet har resulterat i fyra teman att använda som grund för hela studien: allmänt lärande, matematiklärande, derivatbegreppet samt visualisering.</p><p>De lärare vi intervjuar vill alla stimulera elevers intresse för mer avancerad matematik. I princip följer alla, både lärare och läromedel, samma ”mall” när de introducerar derivata. Man knyter gärna an till vardagshändelser och begrepp som till exempel hastighet.</p><p>Den litteratur vi använder, har många förslag och synpunkter på vilket sätt matematikundervisning bör bedrivas på denna nivå. I vissa avseenden skiljer sig dessa från hur intervjumaterialet visar att det verkligen går till. Vår förhoppning är att studien ska bidra till att både vi själva och andra får idéer om utveckling av undervisningen.</p>

<p>The purpose of this study is to shed light on how teachers on the upper secondary Arts with Music programme use movement in their teaching of music, and how they approach movement as an educational tool, by investigating the following three issues:</p><p>1. What significance does movement have for teachers on the Arts with Music programme?</p><p>2. How do teachers on the Arts with Music programme regard movement as an educational tool in the teaching of music?</p><p>3. How do teachers on the Arts with Music programme use movement as educational tool?</p><p>The methodology used is a combination of focus group interviews and observations. The aim was to connect data collected from focus groups interview with observations in order to look into how things were said by the teachers seemed to be employed in their practice.</p><p>The values of different cultures and ages and their significance for our choice of methods as teachers, and our view of music and the consequences it has for our role in the learning process are the key areas of this study. I selected to dispose the content in informal and formal learning (Davidsson & Correia, 2002, Lilliestam, 2006), absolute and realtivistic views of musicality (Brändström, 1997), high and low (Klingfors, 2003), nature and culture (Ehn & Löfgren, 1982), male and female (Bouij, 1998, O´Neill 1997; Lenz Taguchi, 2003), mind and body (Gustavsson, 2000; Davidsson & Correia, 2002).</p><p>The informants maintain that movement could have performance purposes, physical purposes and educational purposes, as a tool in the teaching of music.</p><p>What I consider the most salient aspect of my study is that although the informants consider movement as important in both teaching and artistic contexts, they did not use it to any significant extent as a teaching aid.</p>

<p>This essay shows how teachers adjust the literature studies in the mother tongue subject to their different classes in upper secondary school.</p><p>The study is based on interviews with two teachers and an analysis of two different school-books. The conclusion is that the subject of literary education in the vocational programs is a pragmatic subject with focus on the pupils’ needs and skills, and the subject in the theoretical programs has more focus on mediation of a literary heritage.</p>

<p>Denna studie frågar efter, vad det är som påverkar elevers val av gymnasieskola i Stockholmstrakten. Ansatsen är empirisk och enkäter har samlats in av 276 elever i åtta skolor och tolv klasser. De tillfrågade har fått svara på fjorton frågor om hur pass viktigt eller oviktigt de tycker att: föräldrar, kompisar, utbildning, skola med mera, har varit i samband med deras gymnasieval. Beskeden varierar, men likartade tendenser går ofta att utläsa, där exempelvis elevers bakgrund eller intressen sammanfaller. Svaret som ges är beroende av elevens förutsättningar inför valet, d v s betyget, närheten, det geografiska läget, ryktet, utbildningen, skolan, miljön, lärarna, föräldrarna, studie- och yrkesvägledaren och socialisationen med mera. Delarna fungerar inte utan helheten och vice versa.</p> / <p>This study asks after, what it is that influences students choices of upper secondary school in the area of Stockholm. The run-up is empirical and questionnaires have been gathered out of 276 students in eight schools and twelve classes. The respondents has replied fourteen questions about how important or unimportant they think that: parents, buddies, education, teachers etcetera, has been in connection with their upper secondary school choice. The really vary, but similar tendencies can often be inferred, where for example students background or their interest coincide. The reply that is given is depending on the students conditions before the choice, i.e. the grade, the vicinity, the geographic situation, the rumour, the education, the school, the environment, the teachers, the parents, study - and trade weighs, and the socialization etcetera. The parts do not function without the whole and vice versa.</p>

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mso-ansi-language:SV;} span.BallongtextChar {mso-style-name:"Ballongtext Char"; mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1492866463; mso-list-type:simple; mso-list-template-ids:517357830;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:0; mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:-; mso-level-tab-stop:18.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:18.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --><p>This paper will discuss the proposed reintroducing of a final degree in upper secondary school. In a public government inquiry that was released in March 2008 a proposal about reintroducing a final degree in upper secondary school was presented. A final degree has not been a part of the upper secondary school science 1968. Why was the system with a final degree abounded and why do the government want to reintroduce it?</p><p>Research in pedagogy has through the years presented numbers of theories about assessment. In last decades a great part of the discussion has been focused on formative assessment. In formative assessment the assessment is used as a pedagogy tool. The purpose is to help the student develop their learning process and to learn to work independently. The contrary to formative assessment is assessment which only purpose is to summarise and control the level of knowledge a student possesses.</p><p>The public government inquiry that led to abolish of a final degree in upper secondary school in 1968 shared many thoughts with theories about formative assessment. Forty years later the government has grown sick of all the formative assessment, which they think has led to a “muddled” school. The public government inquiry presented in 2008 wants to reintroduce a final degree and create a school where the student’s knowledge is orderly controlled and summarised.</p></p>

<p>The main objective in this study is to examine the pupil’s possibility to affect the upper secondary schools in Stockholm, Sweden. I was once active in the pupil’s council and experienced some hardships, feeling a great dissatisfaction among teachers and principals against pupil’s suggestions and chances to affect their school environment. Thus I wanted to do a contemporary study of where schools in Stockholm stand today within this issue. This study is based on Robert A. Dahl’s theory about democracy, from which I have created my theoretical template, I interpreted Dahl’s theory and formed my own seven institutions from his original theory. With this construction I developed survey questions, which were designed to measure school democracy. I used a qualitative survey method, where I interviewed pupils who are active in the pupil’s council in five different schools today, one of the respondents is a civil servant for the Swedish pupils council centralorganization (Seco).</p><p>Based on my interviews I have analyzed whether the contemporary upper secondary schools is or is not democratic. My conclusion, I see a wide variety of democratic institutions in Stockholm today, but when comparing the schools today with schools just six years ago, I can trace down huge differences. The pupil’s have learned to organize in a wider manner than six years ago, moreover the main problem doesn’t seem to be a lack of opportunities to influence the school today, the general attitude against the pupil’s council seem to have changed considerably amongst principals and teachers for the better. The main problem for the schools to actually be democratic in a wide manner seems to lie on the pupil’s, if pupil’s showed more interest the schools would be more democratic. Because schools today strive to be as democratic as possible and with organizations like Seco the pupil’s council will be democratic as well, the schools in the Swedish (Stockholm) contemporary society today is according to my study democratic.  </p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong></strong> </p>

<p> </p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong>Construction of a laboratory lesson for upper secondary school in the area of Liquid Chromatography, including carrying through the laboratory lesson in a class</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p>Laboratory lessons constitute an important part of science education. There are different sorts of laboratory lessons. In some laboratory lessons the students themselves are active, and in others the teacher demonstrates an experiment for the students. Some laborative work can be defined by the teacher while other can give the students an opportunity to plan an investigation themselves.</p><p> </p><p>A new laboratory lesson, on the area of Liquid Chromatography, for upper secondary school has been made. In the laboratory lesson chocolate is analysed regarding the content of caffeine and theobromine. The laboratory lesson has been carried out in a class, to see what the students know about solubility, dilution, chromatography and analytical procedure after they have gone through the laboratory lesson. To get information about the students knowledge a questionnaire study was done. Teachers also have been interviewed, for their opinion about laboratory lessons as a part of science education.</p><p> </p><p>All students showed some knowledge about solubility, and most students also had knowledge about chromatography even if they described different aspects of it. Dilutions was not a problem for most of the students. Many students also showed an understanding of the analytical procedure. For the teachers interviewed laborative work was an important part of science education.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> Liquid chromatography, laboratory lesson, upper secondary school, chocolate, theobromine, caffeine, questionnaire study, and interviews.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>Advisor:  <strong>Margareta Sandahl, </strong>Lund University</p><p><strong>Olle Eskilsson, </strong>Kristianstad University</p><p>Degree project 30 credits in Chemistry/Educational Science 2008/2009</p><p>Department of Chemistry, Lund University</p><p>School of Teacher Education, Kristianstad University</p>

<p>Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur elever på praktisk gymnasieskola använder miniräknaren och hur de ser på användandet. Studien går också ut på att undersöka hur elevernas lärare ser på användandet av miniräknaren och vilka attityder de har gentemot användningen av den. Det ingår också att se vilka skillnader som finns i attityden till miniräknare hos elever och lärare.</p><p>En elevenkät och lärarintervjuer på två praktiska program ligger till grund för arbetet. Resultatet visar på en positiv attityd bland eleverna där många anser att miniräknaren inte har några nackdelar. Lärarna är mer återhållsamma och framför viss kritik mot miniräknaren. En åsikt som framfördes var att miniräknaren kan ses som ett tveeggat svärd. Miniräknaren gör i bästa fall att eleverna kommer längre i undervisningen men även att de i många fall blir beroende av miniräknaren. Att eleverna som en konsekvens också blir svaga i huvudräkning anses som ett problem av flera lärare. Ett annat problem som lyftes fram var att en del elever använde räknefunktion på mobiltelefonen istället för att använda miniräknaren. Lärarna verkar inte ha någon pedagogisk tanke bakom användandet av miniräknaren utan ser den som ett effektivt hjälpmedel att göra beräkningar med. Eleverna ser också miniräknaren som ett snabbt och effektivt sätt att göra beräkningar på. Ingen av lärarna tyckte att miniräknaren har några direkt pedagogiska fördelar. De menar dock att miniräknaren indirekt kan ha pedagogiska fördelar då eleverna hinner göra fler uppgifter och därmed får mer träning. Miniräknaren ses trots</p><p>sina nackdelar som ett bra och är ett accepterat hjälpmedel för matematiska beräkningar.</p> / <p>The purpose of this study is to examine how pupils in a vocational upper secondary school use the calculator and their attitude towards it. The study also examines how the teachers use calculators and their attitude towards it. Another part in the study is to see how the attitude towards calculators differs between pupils and teachers.</p><p>A questionnaire among pupils and interviews among teachers in two vocational programs is the foundation for the study. The result shows a positive attitude among the pupils who do not find any drawbacks with the calculator. The teachers are more restrained and have certain</p><p>criticism towards it. One opinion was that the calculator is a double-edged sword. At most the calculator helps the pupils to reach further in their studies but also makes them depend on it. The pupil’s weaker ability to do mental calculation is also a negative effect according to the teachers. Another problem that came up was that many pupils use the calculator-functions in the mobiles instead of a real calculator. The teachers don’t seem to have any pedagogy-philosophy in their use of the calculator. Instead they see it as a powerful tool to do calculations. The pupils also see the calculator as a</p><p>fast and effective calculation tool. None of the teachers found that the calculator have any pedagogic advantages. However can the calculator, according to the teachers, indirectly have pedagogic advantages as the pupils have time to do more tasks and therefore get more practice. Despite its disadvantages the calculator is considered a effective and accepted tool for calculations.</p>