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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
121

Hexavalent Chromium Removal Using Ultraviolet Photocatalytic Reactor

January 2013 (has links)
abstract: Hexavalant chromium (Cr(VI)) poses an emerging concern in drinking water treatment with stricter regulations on the horizon. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) was investigated as an engineering scale option to remove hexavalent chromium from drinking or industrial waters via a UV/titanium dioxide (TiO2) process. Using an integrated UV lamp/ceramic membrane system to recirculate TiO2, both hexavalent and total chromium levels were reduced through photocatalytic processes without additional chemicals. Cr(VI) removal increased as a function of higher energy input and TiO2 dosage, achieving above 90% removal for a 1g/L dose of TiO2. Surface analysis of effluent TiO2 confirmed the presence of chromium species. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Engineering 2013
122

Estudo da adsorção de cromo hexavalente em altas concentrações

Oliveira, Renata Farias January 2013 (has links)
A preocupação com a contaminação dos recursos hídricos proveniente do lançamento de efluentes industriais contendo metais pesados, como o cromo hexavalente, é crescente devido a sua toxicidade agregada. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de processos de tratamento de efluentes com viabilidade técnica é fundamental. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em avaliar a técnica de adsorção aplicada à remoção de Cr (VI) em batelada com efluente sintético e industrial e, posteriormente, em coluna de leito fixo. Para isso, foi avaliada a eficiência de diferentes sólidos sorventes na remoção de cromo hexavalente via adsorção. Foram realizados ensaios em batelada com efluente sintético contendo 5 mg.L-1 de Cr (VI) variando o pH de 2 a 6 em 30 minutos. O sólido escolhido para continuação dos ensaios foi carvão ativado granular. Com a finalidade de estudar os parâmetros ótimos de processo, a concentração de sólido adsorvente e o tempo de agitação também foram testados em solução aquosa com 20 mg.L-1 de Cr (VI), em concentração de sólido entre 2,5 e 15 g.L-1 e tempo de contato entre 3 e 180 minutos. A concentração de sólido adsorvente com maior eficiência de remoção foi de 10 g.L-1 e tempo de contato de 50 minutos. O modelo de isoterma de adsorção que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais foi o modelo da isoterma de Freundlich. Para os ensaios com efluente real, as condições que se obteve melhores resultados foi em pH sem ajuste e 40 g.L-1 de concentração de carvão ativado. Os testes de adsorção em coluna de leito fixo foram realizados para preavaliar a possibilidade de utilizar este sistema como alternativa de remoção de Cr (VI) para aplicação em estação de tratamento de efluentes de indústria galvânica. Foi avaliado o tempo de ruptura, sendo analisadas as concentrações de Cr (VI) residuais na corrente de saída da planta de adsorção. Os ensaios de adsorção em batelada serviram como base para estes experimentos. Para a condição inicial de pH 2, massa de 5 g de carvão ativado, concentração inicial de Cr (VI) da corrente de alimentação de 100 mg.L-1 e vazão de 20 mL.min-1, o tempo de saturação foi de aproximadamente 135 minutos para o Ensaio 1 e de 150 minutos para o Ensaio 2. A máxima remoção foi de 92,6 %. / The concern about the contamination of water resources from the release of industrial effluents containing heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium, is increasing due to its toxicity aggregate. In this context , the development of wastewater treatment processes with technical feasibility is critical. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the adsorption efficiency technique applied on removal of Cr (VI) in batch with synthetic and industrial wastewater, and later in fixed-bed column. Sorption experiments were carried out with different sorbents aiming to find the best solid for hexavalent chromium removal. Experimental conditions were: 5 mg.L- 1 of Cr (VI), pH between 2 and 6 and 30 minutes of residence time. Activated carbon was chosen for further studies. Process parameters were studied in aqueous solution with 20 mg.L-1 of Cr (VI), 2.5 and 15 g.L-1 concentration of sorbent, 3 and 180 minutes contact time and pH 2 and 10 were also tested. The concentration of adsorbent with higher removal efficiency was 10 g.L-1 and contact time of 50 minutes. The adsorption isotherm model that showed best fit to the experimental data was the model of Freundlich. For assays with industrial effluent, the best conditions were unadjusted pH and 40 g.L-1 concentration of activated carbon. Experiments using fixed bed column were conducted to preview the possibility of using this system as an alternative to galvanic industry. It was evaluated the rupture time and analyzed the concentrations of residual Cr (VI) output current plant adsorption. The batch adsorption experiments were the basis for these experiments. For the initial condition of pH 2, mass of 5 g of activated carbon, the initial concentration of Cr (VI) feed stream 100 mg.L-1 and a flow rate of 20 mL.min-1 rupture time was approximately 135 minutes for Assay 1 and 150 minutes for Assay 2. The maximum removal was 92.6 %.
123

Extração em fase sólida dispersiva para a determinação de cromo (VI) em água utilizando hidróxidos duplos lamelares intercalados com aminoácidos como adsorventes / Solid dispersive phase extraction for the determination of chromium (VI) in water using layered double hydroxides intercalated with amino acids as adsorbents

Leite, Victor dos Santos Azevedo Leite 16 July 2018 (has links)
Submitted by MARCOS LEANDRO TEIXEIRA DE OLIVEIRA (marcosteixeira@ufv.br) on 2018-09-03T13:58:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4839007 bytes, checksum: d4fe73489c65b5c615289cedfd86632b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-03T13:58:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 4839007 bytes, checksum: d4fe73489c65b5c615289cedfd86632b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-16 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Neste trabalho foram desenvolvidos métodos para a determinação de cromo hexavalente, Cr (VI), em água utilizando espectrometria de absorção atômica por chama (FAAS). As metodologias consistem na extração seletiva e pré-concentração de Cr (VI) via extração em fase solida dispersiva (DSPE), utilizando como adsorventes hidróxidos duplos lamelares (HDLs) de Zn e Al intercalados com aminoácidos, L-alanina (ZnAl-ALA-HDL) e L- aspártico (ZnAl-ASP-HDL). Parâmetros que influenciam na extração de Cr (VI) foram otimizados, como pH inicial, tempo de contato e íons interferentes. A especiação ocorreu em pH 5,2 para ZnAl-ALA-HDL e pH 5,5 para ZnAl-ASP-HDL. Os HDLs utilizados como adsorventes foram dissolvidos em H 2 SO 4 5,0 mol . L -1 e o Cr (VI) determinado por FAAS, dispensando o uso da etapa de eluição. Os métodos apresentaram intervalo de resposta entre 20 e 700 μg·L -1 e limite de detecção (LOD) de 7,1 μg·L -1 , (r 2  0,99) quando utilizado o ZnAl- ALA-HDL como adsorvente, e intervalo de resposta entre 10 e 700 μgL -1 (r 2  0,999) com LOD de 3,13 μgL -1 para o ZnAl-ASP-HDL. A confiabilidade dos métodos foram verificadas pela análise de uma amostra de água certificada contendo Cr (VI) (Cr (VI)-QC1453) por estudos de adição e recuperação do analito em água de beber. / In this work, methods for the determination of hexavalent chromium, Cr (VI), in water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) were developed. The methodologies are sequential extraction and preconcentration of Cr (VI) via solid phase dispersive extraction (DSPE), using Zn and Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) intercalated with amino acids, L- alanine (ZnAl-ALA- LDH) and L-aspartic acid (ZnAl-ASP-LDH). Parameters that influence Cr (VI) extraction were optimized, such as initial pH, contact time and interfering ions. Speciation occurred at pH 5.2 for ZnAl-ALA-LDH and pH 5.5 for ZnAl-ASP-LDH. LDH used as adsorbents were dissolved in 5.0 mol.L -1 H 2 SO 4 and Cr (VI) determined by FAAS, dispensing the use of the elution step. The methods presented a linear range of 20 to 700 μg·L -1 and a detection limit (LOD) of 7.1 μg·L -1 , (r 2 > 0.99) when using ZnAl-ALA- LDH as an adsorbent and a linear range of 10 to 700 μgL -1 (r 2 =0.999) with LOD of 3.13 μg . L -1 for ZnAl-ASP-LDH. The reliability of the method was verified by the analysis of a sample of certified water containing Cr (VI) (Cr (VI) -QC1453) by studies of the recovery of analyte in drinking water.
124

Efeito de tratamentos de modificação da superfície na resistência à corrsão do alumínio 1050 / Effect of surface treatments on the corrosion resistance of the aluminum AA1050

Daniel Sierra Yoshikawa 27 April 2011 (has links)
Neste trabalho foi investigado o efeito de vários tratamentos para modificação da superfície na resistência à corrosão do alumínio AA1050 com o objetivo de identificar um potencial substituto ao tratamento de cromatização. Os tratamentos adotados consistiram inicialmente de polimento da superfície até acabamento 1 m, seguido por uma etapa comercial. Este tratamento foi utilizado como preparação preliminar da superfície, anterior aos demais tratamentos testados. Amostras com o tratamento preliminar foram submetidas a diferentes tratamentos de modificação da superfície, especificamente, imersão em solução com moléculas auto-organizáveis (SAM) à base de difosfonato, imersão em água fervente para acelerar o crescimento de óxido-hidróxido de alumínio; uma combinação destes dois últimos tratamentos e cromatização em solução à base de cromo hexavalente. O comportamento de corrosão do alumínio AA1050 submetido aos diferentes tipos de tratamentos foi investigado por ensaios eletroquímicos como: medidas de potencial a circuito aberto em função do tempo de imersão, espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica e ensaios de polarização potenciodinâmica. Utilizou-se solução de 0,5 M de Na2SO4 como meio corrosivo, tamponada a pH = 4,0. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura e análises semi-quantitativas de espectroscopia de energia dispersiva também foram utilizadas como medidas complementares nessa investigação. Observou-se que o tratamento com moléculas auto-organizáveis não se mostrou eficiente para proteção à corrosão para longos períodos de tempo em comparação aos demais tratamentos. A proteção fornecida pelos tratamentos, SAM e em solução a base de cromo hexavalente foi inferior à esperada. A etapa de boemitização ou crescimento acelerado de óxido-hidróxido de alumínio em água fervente se mostrou uma etapa essencial para aumento do desempenho frente à corrosão do alumínio AA1050. Os resultados obtidos para amostras submetidas ao tratamento de aceleração do crescimento de óxi-hidróxido seguido por imersão em solução com moléculas auto-organizáveis proporcionou uma melhora significativa na resistência à corrosão da superfície comparada aos demais tratamentos. / The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of various treatments for surface modification on the corrosion resistance of the aluminum AA1050. All the samples were firstly exposed to a preliminary surface treatment that consisted of surface polishing, up to a finishing of 1 m, succeeded by degreasing in two alkaline solutions and finally deoxidizing in an acid solution. This treatment was used as a preliminary surface preparation and adopted as a reference for comparison with the others. After this treatment, samples were exposed to various treatments for surface modification, specifically, immersion for 3 hours in a solution with self assembling molecules based on diphosphonates (SAM), immersion in boiling water for 20 minutes to promote bohemite growth (bohemitization); a combination of these two last treatments (bohemitization+SAM) and passivation in an hexavalent chromium solution. The objective was to investigate the potential of the tested treatments to replace the ones based on hexavalent chromium that generates toxic residues. The corrosion behavior of AA1050 aluminum samples with the various surface treatments was investigated by electrochemical methods such as: open circuit potential measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and potentiodynamic polarization curves. The electrolyte used was a 0.5 mol L-1 Na2SO4 solution, buffered to pH = 4.0. Surface characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were also used in this investigation. The results showed that the treatment with self assembling molecules was not effective to protect the AA1050 aluminum for long periods of exposure to the electrolyte comparatively to the other surface treatments tested. The effect of SAM treatment or passivation with hexavalent chromium solution on the AA1050 aluminum corrosion resistance was unexpected. The bohemitization treatment that consisted of favoring oxide-hydroxide growth by immersion in boiling water increased the corrosion resistance of the AA1050 aluminum, but the highest corrosion resistance was associated to the treatment that combined bohemitization with SAM treatment.
125

Inkludera utan att exkludera : En jämförelse mellan två församlingsledares strategi för församlingsutveckling och deras användning av orden ”alla” och ”vi”

Marklund, Eva January 2017 (has links)
No description available.
126

Reduction of uranium-(VI) under microaerobic conditions using an indigenous mine consortium

Chabalala, Simphiwe 22 September 2011 (has links)
The utilisation of fossil fuels for energy worldwide depletes the natural reserves and at the same time releases billions of tonnes of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. In order to reverse the negative effects of this accumulation, i.e., global warming and climatic changes, countries around the world are now considering nuclear energy and other cleaner sources of energy as a substitute to the burning of fossil fuels. The deployment of the later technology has progressed slowly due to lack of public support. The general public and environmental lobbyists worry about the discharge of radioactive waste from nuclear power generation and accidents that have occurred in the nuclear power industry in the recent past. One of pollutants of concern is uranium which is discharged from the nuclear generation processes as the highly toxic uranium-6, (U(VI)). U(VI) coming from the reactors is radioactive as well as highly toxic to aquatic life forms. Biological treatment of metal pollutants is viewed as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional physical/chemical treatment methods, especially in dilute solutions where physical/chemical methods may not be effective. Microbial processes may be applied both as in situ and/or ex situ processes. Microbial consortia, consisting of several species of microorganisms in the form of bioflocs for reducing/removing the pollutants have been used as they preserve the complex interrelationships that exist between species in the source. The results of this study demonstrate the potential of microbial U(VI) reduction as a possible replacement technology for physical/chemical processes currently in use in the nuclear industry. A detailed analysis of the biological reduction of uranium-(VI) was conducted and the following were the main findings of the study: (1) Background uranium concentration in soil from the mine was determined to be 168 mg/kg, a very high value compared to the typical concentration of uranium in natural soils; (2) Among six bacteria species isolated from a uranium mine in Limpopo, South Africa, three anaerobic species – Pantoea sp., Enterobacter sp. and Pseudomonas stutzeri – reduced U(VI) to U(VI) and facilitated the removal of the uranium species from solution. Based on batch studies and cell disruption studies, the laws governing microbial U(VI) reduction were determined and the kinetic parameters for U(VI) reduction were determined. The cultures in this study reduced uranium-U(VI) at a rate better than rates found in literature for other microorganisms. Reduction rates reported in this paper can be used to assess the applicability of bioreduction for uranium removal processes. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Chemical Engineering / unrestricted
127

Drama för en bättre vi-känsla på fritidshem och i skola / Drama for a better team spirit in the recreation center and school

Mestan, Alek January 2017 (has links)
Det här utvecklingsarbete syftar till att skapa en bättre vi-känsla hos eleverna på förskoleklass och fritidshemmet genom att arbeta med drama under fem veckor. Studien genomfördes i två delar, den första är under förskoleklassens olika samlingar och den andra delen är planerade dramapass i fritidshemsverksamheten. Studiens resultat är baserad på observationer och loggboksanteckningar, därtill samtal med elevgruppen och delvis lärarna på skolan. Studiens resultat kan bekräfta tendenser till den tidigare forskningen som menar att väl planerad och genomförd dramaundervisning har en positiv inverkan på elevers utveckling med sig själv och i en gemenskap. Tidigare studier menar också att dramaundervisning kräver kompetens och goda tidsmarginaler för att ge ett positivt resultat vilket den här studien också kan bekräfta.
128

Estudo da adsorção de cromo hexavalente em altas concentrações

Oliveira, Renata Farias January 2013 (has links)
A preocupação com a contaminação dos recursos hídricos proveniente do lançamento de efluentes industriais contendo metais pesados, como o cromo hexavalente, é crescente devido a sua toxicidade agregada. Neste contexto, o desenvolvimento de processos de tratamento de efluentes com viabilidade técnica é fundamental. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho consiste em avaliar a técnica de adsorção aplicada à remoção de Cr (VI) em batelada com efluente sintético e industrial e, posteriormente, em coluna de leito fixo. Para isso, foi avaliada a eficiência de diferentes sólidos sorventes na remoção de cromo hexavalente via adsorção. Foram realizados ensaios em batelada com efluente sintético contendo 5 mg.L-1 de Cr (VI) variando o pH de 2 a 6 em 30 minutos. O sólido escolhido para continuação dos ensaios foi carvão ativado granular. Com a finalidade de estudar os parâmetros ótimos de processo, a concentração de sólido adsorvente e o tempo de agitação também foram testados em solução aquosa com 20 mg.L-1 de Cr (VI), em concentração de sólido entre 2,5 e 15 g.L-1 e tempo de contato entre 3 e 180 minutos. A concentração de sólido adsorvente com maior eficiência de remoção foi de 10 g.L-1 e tempo de contato de 50 minutos. O modelo de isoterma de adsorção que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais foi o modelo da isoterma de Freundlich. Para os ensaios com efluente real, as condições que se obteve melhores resultados foi em pH sem ajuste e 40 g.L-1 de concentração de carvão ativado. Os testes de adsorção em coluna de leito fixo foram realizados para preavaliar a possibilidade de utilizar este sistema como alternativa de remoção de Cr (VI) para aplicação em estação de tratamento de efluentes de indústria galvânica. Foi avaliado o tempo de ruptura, sendo analisadas as concentrações de Cr (VI) residuais na corrente de saída da planta de adsorção. Os ensaios de adsorção em batelada serviram como base para estes experimentos. Para a condição inicial de pH 2, massa de 5 g de carvão ativado, concentração inicial de Cr (VI) da corrente de alimentação de 100 mg.L-1 e vazão de 20 mL.min-1, o tempo de saturação foi de aproximadamente 135 minutos para o Ensaio 1 e de 150 minutos para o Ensaio 2. A máxima remoção foi de 92,6 %. / The concern about the contamination of water resources from the release of industrial effluents containing heavy metals such as hexavalent chromium, is increasing due to its toxicity aggregate. In this context , the development of wastewater treatment processes with technical feasibility is critical. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the adsorption efficiency technique applied on removal of Cr (VI) in batch with synthetic and industrial wastewater, and later in fixed-bed column. Sorption experiments were carried out with different sorbents aiming to find the best solid for hexavalent chromium removal. Experimental conditions were: 5 mg.L- 1 of Cr (VI), pH between 2 and 6 and 30 minutes of residence time. Activated carbon was chosen for further studies. Process parameters were studied in aqueous solution with 20 mg.L-1 of Cr (VI), 2.5 and 15 g.L-1 concentration of sorbent, 3 and 180 minutes contact time and pH 2 and 10 were also tested. The concentration of adsorbent with higher removal efficiency was 10 g.L-1 and contact time of 50 minutes. The adsorption isotherm model that showed best fit to the experimental data was the model of Freundlich. For assays with industrial effluent, the best conditions were unadjusted pH and 40 g.L-1 concentration of activated carbon. Experiments using fixed bed column were conducted to preview the possibility of using this system as an alternative to galvanic industry. It was evaluated the rupture time and analyzed the concentrations of residual Cr (VI) output current plant adsorption. The batch adsorption experiments were the basis for these experiments. For the initial condition of pH 2, mass of 5 g of activated carbon, the initial concentration of Cr (VI) feed stream 100 mg.L-1 and a flow rate of 20 mL.min-1 rupture time was approximately 135 minutes for Assay 1 and 150 minutes for Assay 2. The maximum removal was 92.6 %.
129

Sverigedemokraternas nationsbygge - En normkritisk diskursanalys av Sverigedemokraternas centrala dokument

Östman, Lisa January 2018 (has links)
In this thesis, I aim to make visible and discuss the norms that can be found in some of the Sweden Democrats’ central documents pertaining to a definition of their nation-building. I have used critical discourse analysis to discuss these documents, that is Sweden Democrats’ party program, and a speech held by the leader of the party, Jimmie Åkesson. In this material, I identified three themes: essential differences; family, equality and gender; and the People’s home. The People’s home is a subcategory to essential differences and family, equality and gender. I analysed these themes by using a norm critical perspective. The results of my study are, among others, that the norms in the central documents create a normative Swedish “we” that excludes the “other”. The “other” is sometimes the “cultural other” and sometimes the “sexual other”. The Sweden democrats paints a picture of the “cultural other” as unable to adapt in to the Swedish normative “we”.
130

CFD Simulation of the Flow around NREL Phase VI Wind Turbine

Song, Yang 29 August 2014 (has links)
The simulation of the turbulent and potentially separating flow around a rotating, twisted, and tapered airfoil is a challenging task for CFD simulations. This thesis describes CFD simulations of the NREL Phase VI turbine that was experimentally characterized in the 24.4m X 36.6m NREL/NASA Ames wind tunnel. All computations in this research are performed on the experimental base configuration of 0o yaw angle, 3o tip pitch angle, and a rotation rate of 72 rpm. The significance of specific mesh resolution regions to the accuracy of the CFD prediction is discussed. The ability of CFD to capture bulk quantities, such as the low speed shaft torque, and the detailed flow characteristics, such as the surface pressure distributions, are explored for different inlet wind speeds. Finally, the significant three-dimensionality of the boundary layer flow is demonstrated.

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