Syftet med denna undersökning var att låta källor som citerats i lokaltidningen Vestmanlands Läns Tidning (på Västerås-sidorna under vecka 16, 2007) berätta vad de tyckte om intervjun och artikeln och jämföra resultatet med tidigare studier av källors erfarenheter, en av storstadspress och en av kvällspress. En jämförelse mellan personer som är vana och de som inte är vana vid att vara med i pressen och mellan elit - och icke-källor gjordes också. Resultatet visade att de flesta (i samtliga tidningar) var nöjda med sin medverkan, men det finns undantag, till exempel blev sex personer helt eller delvis felciterade. Många vana källor (i VLT) uttrycker att de vet hur pressen fungerar, (gällande vinkling och förenkling av material) och att deras förväntningar var realistiska, även om en del är oroliga för att det ska bli fel. En källa sammanfattade denna ängslan i meningen ”man är alltid rädd att de ska skriva något man inte har sagt.” En slutsats är att de källor som är intervjuade i lokalpressen är vana vid det, oavsett om de är elit - eller icke-elitkällor. Nästan alla icke-elitkällor i VLT har själva initierat till artikeln, det vill säga agerat aktörer. En annan slutsats, orelaterad från undersökningens utgångssyfte, är alltså att källor på olika sätt påverkar vilka nyheter som blir valda.

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OLIVEIRA, Alex Feitosa. A efetividade dos direitos fundamentais à habitação, meio ambiente urbano e participação popular e as obras urbanas de suporte aos megaeventos esportivos. 2014. 154 f.: Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, Fortaleza-CE, 2014. / Submitted by Natália Maia Sousa (natalia_maia@ufc.br) on 2015-06-11T13:44:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_afoliveira.pdf: 846686 bytes, checksum: 130e16f5cdd9bfb7b2aa5486a046ac52 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Camila Freitas(camila.morais@ufc.br) on 2015-06-16T16:46:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_afoliveira.pdf: 846686 bytes, checksum: 130e16f5cdd9bfb7b2aa5486a046ac52 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-16T16:46:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_dis_afoliveira.pdf: 846686 bytes, checksum: 130e16f5cdd9bfb7b2aa5486a046ac52 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / This paper intend to realize a study on three fundamental rights of the urban citizen: Right to housing, participation and the urban environment. The context is that of mega-events, especially sports mega-events and the necessary support to such spectacles. The goal is to verify, within the context of a particular construction, the construction of the Light Rail in the city of Fortaleza, if the rights in question were and are being violated. For that, it starts with an approach to the problem of effectiveness of the rights in Brazil. Then is realized a study of the listed rights, with analysis of their positions as fundamental rights and standards that try to bring effectiveness to such rights. Finally, brings up a case study of a work in Fortaleza, verifying empirically whether fundamental rights object of the work was actually effected in the planning and execution of the work, discussing with greater emphasis the conflict between the right to expropriating State needed to perform urban constructions, and the protection of fundamental rights of urban citizens. Also is object od study to verify the occurrence of interests that conflict with the public interest in the removal of families from their homes, through expropriation. We conclude that, despite having the Brazilian state a law system for the protection of three fundamental rights, when carrying out constructions to support mega events, though not only in these situations, the aim of finalize in time the construction for realization of the events superimposed the respect and the realization of these rights, occurring in many situations, such as the case study involved in this paper, not only to non-realization of rights, but the practice of acts that violate fundamental rights. / Neste trabalho procura-se realizar um estudo acerca de três direitos fundamentais do cidadão urbano: Direito à moradia, à participação popular e ao meio ambiente urbano. O contexto é o dos megaeventos, em especial os megaeventos esportivos e as obras necessárias ao suporte de tais espetáculos. O Objetivo é a verificação, dentro do âmbito de uma obra específica, a da construção do Veículo Leve sobre Trilhos na cidade de Fortaleza, se os direitos em questão foram e estão sendo efetivados. Para tanto, se inicia com uma abordagem sobre o problema da efetividade dos direitos dentro do contexto normativo brasileiro. Em seguida, estudam-se propriamente os direitos elencados, com análise de suas posições como direitos fundamentais e das normas que tentam trazer efetividade a tais direitos. Por fim, traz-se um estudo de caso de uma obra em Fortaleza, verificando-se empiricamente se os direitos fundamentais objeto do trabalho foram devidamente efetivados quando do planejamento e concretização da obra, discutindo-se com maior ênfase o conflito entre o direito de desapropriar do Estado, necessário para a concretização das grandes obras urbanas, e a proteção dos direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos urbanos. Busca-se também verificar a ocorrência de interesses que não condizem com o interesse público quando da remoção de famílias de seus imóveis, provenientes das desapropriações. Conclui-se que, apesar de possuir o Estado Brasileiro um arcabouço normativo de proteção dos três direitos fundamentais, quando da realização de grandes obras de suporte a megaeventos, apesar de que não somente nestas situações, o objetivo de conclusão da obra a tempo da realização dos eventos superpõe o respeito e a efetivação de tais direitos, ocorrendo, em muitas situações, como a do estudo de caso envolvido no trabalho, não somente a não efetivação dos direitos, mas a prática de atos violadores de direitos fundamentais.

In an ever-changing modern world people migrate, to a greater extent than ever before. Sweden has faced a huge influx of new immigrants in the past 10 years, many of which have had to study for many years before being able to work, including learning English as a third language.This study looked at foreign-born adult learners (Swedish L2) of English and compared them to Swedish-born (Swedish L1) learners of English in terms of English vocabulary. This study also compared factors of age, gender, length of stay in Sweden and Swedish language level completed in Swedish L2 learners learning English; the study found that there is a small positive correlation between length of stay, younger age and completed Swedish studies with the results in the English Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT). As expected, the female students within both Swedish L1 and L2 learners outperformed the male counterparts. The study found a significant correlation between attainment on a Swedish vocabulary test and the English vocabulary test. A learner with a higher score on the Swedish test generally performed better on the English vocabulary test, to a statistically significant degree. This, most likely, is because Swedish is typologically close to English with a high number of cognates between the languages. Surprisingly enough, the results produced pointed to very limited vocabulary learning by moving through the Swedish adult education system as the increase in both Swedish and English vocabulary was negligible.

Context.The presence of magnetic fields in O-type stars has been suspected for a long time. The discovery of these fields would explain a wide range of well documented enigmatic phenomena in massive stars, in particular cyclical wind variability, Hα emission variations, chemical peculiarity, narrow X-ray emission lines, and non-thermal radio/X-ray emission. Aims.To investigate the incidence of magnetic fields in O stars, we acquired 38 new spectropolarimetric observations with FORS 1 (FOcal Reducer low dispersion Spectrograph) mounted on the 8-m Kueyen telescope of the VLT. Methods.Spectropolarimetric observations were obtained at different phases for a sample of 13 O stars. Ten stars were observed in the spectral range 348−589 nm, HD 36879 and HD 148937 were observed in the spectral region 325−621 nm, and HD 155806 was observed in both settings. To prove the feasibility of the FORS 1 spectropolarimetric mode for the measurements of magnetic fields in hot stars, we present in addition 12 FORS 1 observations of the mean longitudinal magnetic field in θ1 Ori C and compare them with measurements obtained with the MuSiCoS, ESPaDOnS, and Narval spectropolarimeters. Results.Most stars in our sample, which were observed on different nights, show a change of the magnetic field polarity, but a field at a significance level of 3σ was detected in only four stars, HD 36879, HD 148937, HD 152408, and HD 164794. The largest longitudinal magnetic field, Bz = −276 ± 88 G, was detected in the Of?p star HD 148937. We conclude that large-scale organized magnetic fields with polar field strengths larger than 1 kG are not widespread among O-type stars.

[pt] A pesquisa analisa a questão do planejamento do transporte público no plano de mobilidade urbana em casos de municípios com população entre 100.001 e 500 mil hab. O estudo de caso desta pesquisa é o município de Petrópolis, com população de 295.917 habitantes, sendo 60.633 habitantes no centro. Investiga-se a criação do pré-metrô, desenvolvido na Bélgica, em parceria com a União Internacional de Transporte Público – UITP, em 1975, implantado e utilizado no projeto do Metrô Rio, em 1977, como sistema alternativo preliminar à implantação do sistema definitivo da Linha 2, mais tarde substituído pelos carros do Metrô Rio, ampliando o sistema de média para alta capacidade. São apresentados critérios para planejamento, projeto e implantação do pré-metrô, com base na metodologia de planejamento integrado de transportes (PIT), desenvolvida sob princípios de equilíbrio social, urbano e ambiental, econômico e técnico-operacional. Esse método sistêmico considera o usuário como parte integrante da solução e propõe o planejamento do transporte com horizonte de longo prazo. À luz dos critérios propostos, o estudo no município de Petrópolis avalia cenários possíveis e soluções ao crescimento da cidade. / [en] This paper discusses modal division strategies adopted by cities with low levels of environmental footprint that are based on sustainable principles. Modal division, characterizes the proportion of total trips captured by each available modal transport alternative and it should be integrated in a strategic systemic vision defined by the municipality such that people s mobility and accessibility is optimized. The lack of modals has to be considered from building sidewalks and bikelanes, concerned how mature the accessibility is, to high capacity infrastructures transportation such as rapid trains or airplanes. The CO2 emissions ought to be taken into consideration so that the city is framed in the World Ranking of cleanest cities with the smallest possible environmental footprint, contributing to the sustainability of the planet. The Light Rail Vehicle, can carry between 9 000 and 30 000 passengers / hour / direction and move as trolleybus in the city with the advantages of coupling 2 to 4 cars simultaneously. The Light Rail Vehicle, also called the VLT uses electric traction and is considered 100 percent clean. This feature brings VLT to a higher position than Bus Rapid Transit - BRT modal and all bus systems that use fossil fuels as an energy source, and does not need to occupy exclusive track for its circulation. The discussion arises in the context of an urban space classified as a compact city.

Les systèmes découpeurs d'images sont un nouveau type de spectrographes intégraux de champ pour l'instrumentation astronomique. Ce mémoire de thèse présente l'étude et la modélisation des performances de ces systèmes, basés sur un design optique comprenant un miroir découpeur. Ce dernier est constitué d'un empilement de slices, dont chaque surface active est sphérique et tiltée. Pour les instruments du JWST et du VLT, on a étudié deux technologies de fabrication et d'assemblage du miroir découpeur. La première, conçue en collaboration avec Cybernétix, présente un assemblage de slices en Zérodur maintenu par adhérence moléculaire. La deuxième, repose sur la technologie d'usinage diamant sur des métaux, en une pièce monolithique ou segmentée. Trois prototypes représentatifs de chaque technologie ont été testés sur banc optique à l'Observatoire de Lyon – rugosité, BRDF, profil de forme, alignement, grandissement du système, qualité image – et comparés aux spécifications de haut niveau. Une conclusion comparative des résultats obtenus est présentée afin d'orienter la meilleure technologie de découpeur d'images aux projets instrumentaux, qu'il s'agisse d'instruments mono ou multi-voies, au sol ou dans l'espace.

[pt] A crescente urbanização vem gerando grandes e médias cidades, que sem o devido planejamento urbano, enfrentam problemas cotidianos. Dentre esses problemas podem-se destacar aqueles ligados a mobilidade, que mostram que o atual modelo de circulação é caro e impactante. Torna-se assim evidente a necessidade de repensar a mobilidade urbana, incentivando a utilização e evolução de meios de transporte coletivos de qualidade e ambientalmente sustentáveis, contribuindo dessa forma para o desenvolvimento das cidades e para a qualidade de vida de sua população. Uma opção para melhorar a mobilidade é o VLT (Veículo Leve sobre Trilhos) que opera por força da eletricidade, induz a renovação urbana, e atrai usuários de outros transportes coletivos e do transporte individual, contribuindo desta forma para a implantação de uma mobilidade urbana mais sustentável e inclusiva. Deste modo, em 2014 foi iniciado o projeto de implantação de VLT na região central do Rio de Janeiro, e neste trabalho é apresentada a ferramenta de monitoramento de obras criada e utilizada em sua execução. Após análises da ferramenta é possível concluir que este modelo atendeu bem a seus propósitos, principalmente na etapa de planejamento, apresentando um meio de medir o progresso de construção de fácil compreensão, com amplo alcance dentre os gerentes do projeto e online, necessidades crescentes na indústria da construção. Sendo assim, este estudo demonstra um caráter atual, ao tentar desenvolver uma ferramenta que atende a uma demanda na indústria da construção, e inovador já que poucos estudos neste tema foram realizados na construção do VLT. / [en] The increasing urbanization has generated large and medium cities, which without proper urban planning, face daily problems. Among these problems can be detach those linked to mobility, which shows that the current circulation model is expensive and impactful. Becomes evident the need to rethink the urban mobility, encouraging the use and evolution of quality and sustainable means of transportation, thus contributing to the cities development and to the population life quality. An option to improve the mobility is the tramway that operates by electricity force, induces urban renewal, and attracts other collective transportation modes and individual transportation users, thus contributing to a more sustainable and inclusive urban mobility implantation. In this way, in 2014 was started the tramway implantation project in the central zone of Rio de Janeiro, and in this work it is presented a construction work monitoring tool created and used in your execution. After the tool analyses it is possible to conclude that this model served its purposes, mainly in the planning stage, presenting a way to measure the construction progress easy to understand, with wide reach between the project managers and online, construction industry growing needs. Therefore, this study demonstrate itself current, when try to develop a tool that meets a construction industry demand, and innovative since few studies in this theme were realized in the tramway construction.

Playing video games is an activity that takes up an increasing amount of children’s and adolescent’s spare time. While some previous studies have highlighted the negative aspects of video games, little research has been carried out on the linguistic learning opportunities that video games present. This study primarily investigates if Swedish second language learners of English can increase their vocabulary proficiency in English with the use of video games. In order to answer the research questions, two quantitative data elicitation methods are used: a questionnaire which aims to gather attitudinal and behavioral data, and a Vocabulary Levels Test which elicits data about the participants’ receptive vocabulary proficiency. The participants consist of 25 students at an upper secondary school in Stockholm. The results show that participants who played video games scored higher on the Vocabulary Levels Test, indicating a higher receptive vocabulary proficiency. Furthermore, the results show that participants who played moderate to frequent amounts of time performed better in the Vocabulary Levels Test than infrequent players. The results also show that video games emphasizing co-operation and communication are preferable to use for vocabulary acquisition. Additionally, the study discusses if video games could be integrated into the Swedish upper secondary school system.

Si dans la Voie Lactée les populations d'étoiles B et Be sont relativement bien connues, il n'en est pas de même pour celles des Nuages de Magellan. Les Grand et Petit Nuages de Magellan sont des galaxies satellites de notre Galaxie et sont connus pour être déficientes en métaux. Nous avons alors observé de grands échantillons d'étoiles chaudes des Nuages de Magellan avec le spectrographe multi-objets GIRAFFE du VLT afin d'étudier les effets de la sous-abondance en métaux sur ce type d'étoile. Nous retraçons dans cette thèse la création des catalogues astrométriques et photométriques et les processus de sélection des étoiles B et Be. Puis nous traitons de la détermination de leurs paramètres fondamentaux et nous examinons les conséquences de la métallicité sur les vitesses de rotation. Nous montrons les premières déterminations des distributions des vitesses sur la ZAMS des étoiles Be et leurs implications sur les proportions et le comportement de ces étoiles. Puis, nous comparons les statuts évolutifs des étoiles Be des Nuages de Magellan et de la Voie Lactée et nous donnons des éléments de réponses aux différences constatées. Enfin, nous donnons une estimation des abondances en surface du carbone et montrons que celles-ci diffèrent que les étoiles soient des rotateurs lents (étoiles B) ou des rotateurs rapides (étoiles Be).<br />Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, nous exposons diverses études complémentaires telles que la cartographie d'objets à émission dans les Nuages de Magellan avec la caméra grand champ de l'ESO en mode spectroscopique ou encore l'étude d'étoiles chaudes de jeunes amas ouverts de la Voie Lactée. La découverte de variabilité photométrique à court-terme dans les étoiles Be et de binaires dans les Nuages de Magellan ainsi qu'une étude des raies nébulaires sont aussi présentées dans cette partie.