The professional voice has been studied in literature in various aspects and levels. However, no reference related to the professional voice of the barker has been found. Objective: describing the laryngeal alterations in sellers at public fairs in Aracaju-SE. Casuistic and methods: a descriptive study of transversal cut was done with quantitative approach. An interview was done along with a nasolaryngoscopy in 49 barkers. A descriptive analysis of data was applied. Results: there was a predominance of the feminine gender. The predominant age average was between 30 and 39 years old. The predominant symptomatology status was related to laryngeal-pharyngeal reflux disease. Laryngeal alterations were identified in all anatomic regions: subglottis, glottis and supraglottis. Conclusion: the laryngeal alterations were predominant in the subglottic region. These detected changes shows the need for further studies along with phonotrauma and other laryngeal diseases. / A voz profissional tem sido estudada na literatura sobre vários aspectos e em vários níveis, no entanto não foi encontrada nenhuma referência relacionada ao profissional da voz feirante.Objetivo: Descrever as alterações laríngeas em vendedores de feira livre do Município de Aracaju-Sergipe. Casuística e métodos: Realizou-se um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa .Foi realizada entrevista e exame de videonasolaringoscopia em 49 feirantes.Foi realizada análise descritiva dos dados. Resultados: Houve predominância do gênero feminino. A faixa etária predominante foi entre 30 e 39 anos. O quadro sintomatológico predominante esteve relacionado à doença do refluxo laringofaringeo. Foram identificadas alterações laríngeas em todas as regiões anatômicas. Em ordem decrescente as lesões predominaram em subglote,glote e supraglote.Conclusão: As alterações laríngeas encontradas predominaram na região subglótica. Estas alterações detectadas orienta para necessidade de futuros estudos conjugados ao fonotrauma e outras doenças laríngeas.

This thesis focuses on the development of protozoan parasites from Leishmania donovani complex in their insect vectors and summarizes results of five parts of the project I participated in during my Ph.D. studies. Sand flies of genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the only proven vectors of leishmaniasis, however, the role of alternative vectors, like ticks, fleas and biting midges is frequently discussed in the literature. In this work, we showed that Eurasian species of biting midge Culicoides nubeculosus does not support late stage infections of L. major and L. infantum. We also demonstrated that microscopical observation of Leishmania promastigotes in the digestive tract of bloodfeeding arthropods remains a crucial method for any conclusion about the vector competence of the suspected insect. In the second part of our study were compared the life-cycle parameters and vector competence of two Ethiopian P. orientalis colonies for L. donovani. Marked differences between colonies were found in life-cycle parametes, however, molecular analyses did not reveal any genetic differences. Experimental infections showed that both P. orientalis colonies are very susceptible to L. donovani infection and even the lowest infective dose tested (2 × 103 promastigotes/ml; corresponding to 1-2 promastigotes) was...

Não disponível / Background: Visceral adiposity is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) represents precise method for measuring visceral adipose tissue (VAT), muscle and bone compartments. The musculoskeletal system deteriorates with aging and may result in osteosarcopenia. Since known risk factors do not fully explain the occurrence of osteosarcopenia, the search for new causal factors, as birth weight (BW) is promising. Objectives: To evaluate whether BW was associated with DXA-determined body composition, bone densitometry and cardiometabolic risk markers in young women from the NutriHS. Paper 1 objective: to propose reference values for DXA-determined VAT, and to test their ability to identify the cardiometabolic risk profile. Paper 2: to examine whether BW was associated with muscle and bone DXA-determined parameters. Paper 3: to investigate whether parameters of muscle and bone compartments were associated and possible predictive factors of these compartments throughout life. Methods: NutriHS is a cohort study conducted in undergraduates and Nutrition graduates and here cross-sectional analyses were performed in 201 healthy women (20-45 years). They answered questionnaires and had anthropometry, muscle strength and performance, DXA-determined body composition and bone densitometry obtained. A random sample of 148 participants had also laboratory tests collected. Multiple regression models, using the directed acyclic graphs-recommended adjustments, were employed. Results: Median age was 23 years and mean BMI was 22.9±2.9 kg/m2. Paper 1: Mean VAT mass and volume were 221.0±306.1 g and 231.8±323.8 cm3, respectively. The third tertiles of VAT were significantly associated with increased frequencies of abnormal anthropometry, HOMA-IR and TyG indexes. Paper 2: Mean BW was 3,199±424 g; BW in quartiles was significantly associated with several muscle and bone parameters. Paper 3: Direct, strong and independent associations between bone and muscle variables were detected. Discussion: Cutoffs for DXA-derived VAT mass (221.0 g) and volume (231.8 cm3) are being suggested for Brazilian young women; these seem able to disclose a mild visceral fat accumulation, prior the deterioration of glucose and lipid metabolism. The role of BW as an early marker for muscle and bone states in young adulthood was shown. In addition, a musculoskeletal profile for a healthy stratus of the Brazilian women was firstly described. Our findings indicated a muscle-bone crosstalk even in young adults and suggested predictive factors (such as BW, physical activity, smoking) of muscle and bone compartments.

ROCHA, MG. Mediadores inflamatórios na dor pélvica crônica Identificação de possíveis marcadores séricos da doença. Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, 2010. Introdução: Dor pélvica crônica é uma doença de elevada prevalência e fisiopatologia complexa. Os métodos diagnósticos muitas vezes são insuficientes e, em decorrência, o tratamento e seguimento das mulheres é difícil. Inúmeras doenças que se apresentam com dor crônica tem um perfil inflamatório, que ainda não foi investigado para o tema em questão. Objetivos: Quantificar os níveis de óxido nítrico (NO) e das metaloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) e 9 (MMP-9) no plasma de mulheres com dor pélvica crônica. Pacientes e métodos: Foram incluídas 64 mulheres, subdivididas em 02 grupos: dor pélvica crônica e grupo controle, com 37 pacientes no primeiro grupo e 27 pacientes no segundo grupo. As pacientes do grupo de estudo eram seguidas no Ambulatório de Dor Pélvica e Endoscopia e as pacientes do grupo controle eram seguidas no Ambulatório de Anticoncepção do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto USP. Foi realizada a mensuração clínica da dor através de uma escala unidimensional (VAS) e uma escala multidimensional (McGill). Também foram preenchidas as escalas de ansiedade e depressão (HAD). Indivíduos com qualquer evidência de processos inflamatórios, hipertensão, tabagismo ou uso de contraceptivos hormonais foram excluídos. Indivíduos tomando medicação para a dor, como analgésicos ou antiinflamatórios foram solicitados a pará-los 72 horas antes de participar do estudo. Foi coletada uma amostra sanguínea de 10 ml, no ato da consulta. Esse material foi armazenado em frasco próprio com anti-coagulante, processado imediatamente no local para separação do plasma e armazenado em freezer, a -70C para mensuração subseqüente. As concentrações de espécies relacionadas ao NO (nitrato) em líquidos foram medidas, sempre em triplicata, pelo método da quimioluminescência, que é um dos métodos mais simples, sensíveis e precisos disponíveis para medir NO. Foi utilizado um analisador de NO (Sievers Model 280 NO Analyzer - Boulder, CO, EUA), o qual permite medir NO em quantidades tão pequenas quanto 1 pmol. A atividade das MMP-2 e MMP-9 no plasma serão determinadas pelo método da zimografia, que consiste em uma eletroforese das amostras em um sistema SDS/PAGE que inclui o substrato da enzima (gelatina) no gel de separação, de modo a permitir a evidenciação e quantificação da atividade da enzima. Resultados: Os níveis plasmáticos de NO foram maiores nas pacientes com DPC quando comparadas às pacientes do grupo controle (16.8 ± 7.9 versus 12.2 ± 2.4, respectivamente (P = 0.0016). Especificamente, os níveis plasmáticos de NO foram maiores nas pacientes com DPC de origem visceral quando comparadas às pacientes com dor exclusivamente somática ou aos controles saudáveis (19.2 ± 8.9 versus 12.4 ± 1.8 versus 12.2 ± 2.4, respectivamente) (P=0.0001). Não observamos uma correlação entre os níveis plasmáticos de NO e a duração dos sintomas (em meses) (Spearman r = 0.04, 95%CI:-0.34 to 0.40, P = 0.84) ou com a intensidade dos sintomas dolorosos: EAV (Spearman r =:-0.18, 95%CI:-0.52 to 0.20, P=0.34), ou McGill (Spearman r = -0.06, 95%CI:-0.41 to 0.30, P =0.72). Com relação às MMP´s, não houve diferença estatística entre os dois grupos. Conclusões: Os níveis plasmáticos de NO encontram-se elevados em mulheres com DPC, especialmente naquelas com dor de origem visceral. Este fato pode ser considerado uma possibilidade no seguimento de pacientes com DPC, visto que pode ser usado como um marcador sérico para a doença. Já a dosagem das MMP-s não se mostrou útil como marcador plasmático para mulheres com DPC. / Background: Chronic pelvic pain is a disease of high prevalence and a complex pathophysiology. The diagnostic methods are often inadequate and, consequently, treatment and follow-up of women is quite difficult. Several diseases that present with chronic pain has an inflammatory profile, which has not yet been investigated for the topic. Aim: to quantify levels of nitric oxide (NO) and metalloproteinases 2 (MMP-2) and 9 (MMP-9) in plasma of women with chronic pelvic pain. Methods: 64 women were included in the sudy and divided into 02 groups: chronic pelvic pain and control group with 37 patients in the first group and 27 patients in the second group. Patients in the study group were followed at the Endoscopy and Pelvic Pain Unit and the control group patients were followed in the Contraception Unit of the Hospital of the Medical School of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo. We performed the measurement of clinical pain by a unidimensional scale (VAS) and a multidimensional scale (McGill). Anxiety and depression scales were also filled. Individuals with any evidence of inflammation, hypertension, smoking or use of hormonal contraceptives were excluded. Individuals taking medication for pain, such as painkillers or antiinflammatory drugs were asked to stop them 72 hours before entering the study. A blood sample was collected from 10 ml during the appointment. This material was stored in bottle itself with anti-coagulant (EDTA and / or heparin), processed immediately on site for plasma separation and stored in a -70 ºC freezer. The concentrations of species related to NO were measured in liquid, always in triplicate by the method of chemiluminescence, which is one of the most simple, sensitive and accurate available to measure NO. We used a NO analyzer (Sievers Model 280 NO Analyzer - Boulder, CO, USA), which allows the measurement of NO in quantities as small as 1 pmol. The activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in plasma was determined by the zymography method, which consists of an electrophoresis of the samples in an SDS / PAGE system, which includes the enzyme substrate (gelatin) in the gel separation, allowing the disclosure and quantification of enzyme activity. Results: Plasma NO levels were higher in CPP women than in controls (16.8 ± 7.9 versus 12.2 ± 2.4, respectively) (P=0.0016). Furthermore, plasma nitrate levels were higher in CPP women with evidence of pain of visceral origin than in CPP women with evidence of an exclusive somatic component or controls (19.2 ± 8.9 versus 12.4 ± 1.8 versus 12.2 ± 2.4, respectively) (P=0.0001). No correlation was detected between NO levels and duration of symptoms or intensity of pain. Regarding the MMP\'s, there was no statistical difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Plasma levels of NO are elevated in women with CPP, especially those with visceral pain. This fact can be considered an option in treating patients with CPP as it can be used as a serum marker for the disease. On the other hand, MMP´s did not turn out to be a good serum marker for women with CPP.

Submitted by PPG Pediatria e Sa?de da Crian?a (pediatria-pg@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-02T10:55:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertac?a?o final Ricardo Paganin.pdf: 1872920 bytes, checksum: 7d8831f2c8ed4551b8e0568cd2551272 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Caroline Xavier (caroline.xavier@pucrs.br) on 2018-01-22T13:24:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertac?a?o final Ricardo Paganin.pdf: 1872920 bytes, checksum: 7d8831f2c8ed4551b8e0568cd2551272 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-22T13:34:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertac?a?o final Ricardo Paganin.pdf: 1872920 bytes, checksum: 7d8831f2c8ed4551b8e0568cd2551272 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-31 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / Introduction: Obesity in childhood and adolescence represents a concerning healthcare issue, being considered a global epidemic by the World Health Organization and an important risk factor for adulthood obesity. The neurocognitive mechanisms that lead to obesity are still poorly understood, however new studies based on Functional Magnetic Resonance (FMR) including adult patients have revealed altered connectivities between obese and non-obese patients, which include reward related mechanisms and self control circuits. Nonetheless, these differences are not consistently studied in obese children and adolescents. Objective: To demonstrate possible differences of functional connectivity between obese adolescents and controls evaluated with Resting State FMR (RSFMR). Method: Data was obtained from 38 patients, aged between 15 and 18 years old, 16 in the obese group and 22 in the control group. The subjects underwent RSFMR, and also abdominal MR for the quantification of visceral adiposity. Body Mass Index (BMI data was also obtained. Using AFNI software, Z score maps of functional connectivity were obtained from regions of interest located in the amygdalae, posterior cingulate cortex and bilateral pre frontal cortex. These maps were correlated using t test and multiple regression analysis to the BMI and visceral adiposity data, considering a corrected p value of <0.05. Results: Group analysis showed no significant differences between obese and control patients. Multiple regressions analysis also showed no significant results with BMI data. However, multiple regression analysis with the visceral adiposity score showed decreasing functional connectivity between both amygdalae and both posterior insulae. Other reduced connectivities with this score were observed between right amygdala and cingulate cortex, the right prefrontal medial cortex and both parietal precuneus, the left prefrontal medial cortex and right precuneus and superior parietal lobule, as well as increased connectivity between the posterior cingulus and right precuneus. Conclusion: These findings suggest that adolescent obesity, specially associated with higher visceral adiposity, is also related with altered brain functional connectivity, possibly related with self-control and reward mechanisms. / Introdu??o: A obesidade na inf?ncia e adolesc?ncia representa um problema de sa?de preocupante, sendo considerada uma epidemia global pela Organiza??o Mundial de Sa?de e um importante fator para obesidade na vida adulta. Os mecanismos neurocognitivos que levam ? obesidade ainda s?o pobremente compreendidos, no entanto, novos estudos baseados em Resson?ncia Magn?tica Funcional (RMF), incluindo pacientes adultos, t?m revelado conectividades alteradas comparando pacientes obesos e n?o obesos, os quais incluem mecanismos relacionados a recompensa e circuitos de autocontrole. N?o obstante, estas diferen?as n?o s?o consistentemente estudadas em adolescentes e crian?as obesas. Objetivo: Demonstrar poss?veis diferen?as de conectividade funcional entre adolescentes obesos e controles, avaliados com RMF em Estado de Repouso (RMFER). M?todo: Dados foram obtidos de 38 pacientes, com idade entre 15 e 18 anos, sendo 16 no grupo obeso e 22 no grupo controle. Os sujeitos foram submetidos a RMFER, e tamb?m RM abdominal para a quantifica??o de adiposidade visceral. Dados de ?ndice de Massas Corporal (IMC) foram coletados. Usando o software AFNI, mapas de escore Z de conectividade funcional foram obtidos de regi?es de interesse localizadas nas am?gdalas, c?rtex do c?ngulo posterior e c?rtex pr?-frontal bilateral. Estes mapas foram analisados usando testes t e an?lise de regress?o m?ltipla com os dados de IMC e de adiposidade visceral, considerando significativo um valor p de < 0,05, corrigido atrav?s do software clustsim. Resultados: An?lise de grupo n?o demonstrou diferen?as em rela??o ao IMC entre os grupos obeso e n?o obeso. A an?lise de regress?o m?ltipla tamb?m n?o demonstrou diferen?as com os dados de IMC. No entanto, an?lise de regress?o com o coeficiente de adiposidade visceral demonstrou redu??o da conectividade entre ambas am?gdalas e as ?nsulas posteriores. Outras conectividades reduzidas com este coeficiente foram observadas entre a am?gdala direita e c?rtex do c?ngulo, entre o c?rtex pr?-frontal medial direito e ambos prec?neos parietais, entre o c?rtex pr?-frontal medial esquerdo e o prec?neo direito e l?bulo parietal superior direito, bem como conectividade aumentada entre o c?ngulo posterior e o prec?neo direito. Conclus?o: Estes achados sugerem que a obesidade na adolesc?ncia, especificamente associada a maior adiposidade visceral, ? tamb?m relacionada a altera??es da conectividade funcional cerebral, possivelmente devido a mecanismos de autocontrole e recompensa.

A leishmaniose visceral (LV) no Brasil é causada pela espécie Leishmania chagasi (L. infantum) e os cães são considerados o principal reservatório doméstico desse parasita. Portanto, o diagnóstico correto e seguro é muito importante para evitar a transmissão da doença ou o sacrifício desnecessário de cães. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o swab conjuntival (SC), um método não invasivo de amostragem, para o diagnóstico da LV canina por PCR-hibridização. Primeiramente, um teste in vitro foi delineado utilizando-se swabs contaminados com 103 até 1,0 célula de L. chagasi. Três métodos de extração de DNA foram testados: fenol-clorofórmio, kit Wizard e fervura. Em seguida, dois grupos de 23 cães soropositivos foram utilizados. Foram feitos esfregaços por SC em ambos os olhos de cada animal. A extração de DNA de SC foi realizada utilizando-se o método fenolclorofórmio no grupo 1 e a técnica de fervura no grupo 2. Além disso, sangue foi coletado de cada cão sendo que 30&#956;L foram aplicados em papel filtro (PF) e 1,0mL foi tratado para obtenção do anel leucocitário (AL). A purificação de DNA para PF e AL foi realizada da mesma forma em ambos os grupos utilizando-se kits comerciais. A análise de todas as amostras foi feita por PCR seguida de hibridização com sondas de DNA marcadas com 32P. O experimento com swabs contaminados com L. chagasi mostrou positividade na PCR para até 25, 10 e 1,0 célula pelos métodos da fervura, kit Wizard e fenol-clorofórmio respectivamente. A hibridização aumentou a sensibilidade para até 10 e 1,0 célula pelos métodos da fervura e kit Wizard respectivamente. As positividades da PCR para os cães do grupo 1 e 2 foram respectivamente: 73,9% e 52,2% (SC), 8,7% e 30,4% (AL), 8,7% e 17,4% (PF). A hibridização aumentou essas positividades para: 91,3% e 65,2% (SC), 21,7% e 34,8% (AL), 30,4% e 43,5% (PF) respectivamente. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos pela associação de SC com o método de fenol-clorofórmio para extração de DNA. O resultado final obtido desse tratamento foi estatisticamente diferente daqueles referentes ao AL e PF no grupo 1 (p<0,01). No grupo 2, o resultado final proveniente do SC associado com a técnica de fervura para o isolamento de DNA foi estatisticamente distinto apenas do resultado referente ao AL (p<0,05). Concluiu-se que a combinação de SC com a extração de DNA por fenol-clorofórmio é uma ferramenta valiosa para o diagnóstico da LV canina e pode ser recomendada para o diagnóstico em cães sintomáticos. / The visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil is caused by Leishmania chagasi (L. infantum) and dogs are considered to be the main domestic reservoir. Therefore the correct diagnosis is very important in order to avoid the disease transmission or unnecessary culling of dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the conjunctival swab (CS) as a noninvasive sampling method for the canine VL diagnosis by the PCR-hybridization procedure. Firstly, an in vitro test was carried out using cotton swabs seeded with 103 to one cell of L. chagasi. Three DNA purification techniques were tested: phenol-chloroform, Wizard kit and boiling. After that, two groups of 23 seropositive dogs were used. CS samples were obtained from both eyes of each animal. The DNA extraction from CS was performed by the phenol chloroform method in group 1 and by boiling in group 2. In addition, blood was collected from each animal so that 30&#956;L were spotted onto filter paper (FP) and 1.0mL was treated to obtain the buffy coat (BC). The DNA extraction from the BC and FP was accomplished by the same way in both groups using commercial kits. The analysis of all samples was made by PCR associated to the hybridization with 32P labeled DNA probes. The in vitro test with seeded parasites showed positivity to until 25, 10 and one cell for boiling, Wizard kit and phenol chloroform methods respectively. The hybridization step increased the sensitivity until 10 and one cell for the boiling and Wizard respectively. The PCR positivities for the dogs in groups 1 and 2 were respectively: 73.9% and 52.2% (CS), 8,7% and 30.4% (BC), 8.7% and 17.4% (FP). The hybridization step increased the positivities for: 91.3% and 65.2% (CS), 21.7% and 34.8% (BC), 30.4% and 43.5% (FP) respectively. The best frequency of positivity was obtained by the association between CS and the DNA extraction by phenol chloroform. The final result obtained from this treatment was statistically different from the BC and FP data in group 1 (p<0,05). In group 2, the result from CS associated with DNA purification by boiling was distinct only from the BC data (p<0,05). We conclude that the CS associated with the DNA extraction by phenol chloroform is a valuable tool for diagnosis of canine LV and can be recommended for diagnosis of symptomatic dogs.

Background: Altered autonomic nervous system (ANS) function has been proposed as a mechanism in the development of central sensitisation (CS) and visceral pain hypersensitivity (VPH). The contribution of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) and the factors that mediate differences in sensitisation to acid are unclear and their study will clarify risk factors for oesophageal pain hypersensitivity (OPH) in gastrooesophageal reflux disease. Aims: To investigate psychophysiological and pharmacological manipulation of PNS tone in the development of OPH, and to determine factors which predict the development of OPH to acid infusion in healthy volunteers in a validated model of acid induced OPH. Methods: Pain thresholds to electrical stimulation in the proximal oesophagus were determined before and after a 30-minute distal oesophageal infusion of 0.15 mol/L hydrochloric acid in subjects. Sympathetic (SNS) and PNS parameters were measured at baseline and continuously thereafter. Subjects underwent psychological profiling for anxiety, depression, attachment vulnerability and personality type. Using this model, five studies were undertaken: Study 1 a pilot study to trail modulation suitability for further study used. In Study 2, subjects who demonstrated secondary hyperalgesia in the proximal non-acid-exposed oesophagus performed deep or sham breathing. Study 3 subjects, who did not sensitise to acid, underwent a validated stress test to induce OPH. With Study 4, deep breathing with IV saline (placebo) or atropine (PNS antagonist) was used to evaluate deep breathing’s induced PNS tone in OPH reduction. Study 5, a genetic pilot study, exploring the role of the GCH-1 haplotype in VPH. Results: ANS control’s key role in CS was clarified. Deep breathing increased PNS tone and prevented acid-induced OPH in comparison to sham breathing and confirmed increased PNS tone’s reversal of OPH. Psychological factors of anxiety, alexithymia and attachment status influence ANS modulation of CS. Individuals’ predisposition to VPH due to psychogenetic profiles were clarified and their biopsychosocial role illustrated. Conclusions and Inferences: A mechanistic explanation for the analgesic effect of deep breathing is provided with potential therapeutic implications in the treatment of VPH syndromes. Further clinical study is warranted to develop cost-effective treatments for chronic VPH syndromes.

Submitted by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2013-04-15T19:35:42Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AvaliacaoSusceptibilidadePrimata.pdf: 621242 bytes, checksum: 283c154461dfe43bc0f731d5098eb168 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva(arosa@ufpa.br) on 2013-04-16T16:52:01Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AvaliacaoSusceptibilidadePrimata.pdf: 621242 bytes, checksum: 283c154461dfe43bc0f731d5098eb168 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-04-16T16:52:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_AvaliacaoSusceptibilidadePrimata.pdf: 621242 bytes, checksum: 283c154461dfe43bc0f731d5098eb168 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / No Brasil o primata Cebus apella tem sido utilizado com sucesso em modelos de estudos experimentais para leishmaniose cutânea. Em função disso, decidiu-se investigar a susceptibilidade desse primata como modelo experimental frente à leishmaniose visceral. Foram utilizados 10 espécimes do primata Cebus apella: 7 machos e 3 fêmeas todos jovens, nascidos e criados em cativeiro. No primeiro experimento foram utilizados 6 primatas divididos em 2 grupos, sendo que o primeiro grupo (com 3 primatas) inoculado com 30x106 promastigotas de L. (L.) chagasi (MCAO/BR/1998?M18011, estado do Maranhão) na fase estacionária de cultura, enquanto o segundo grupo foi inoculado com 5 doses sucessivas do mesmo inóculo totalizando 150x106 promastigotas. No segundo experimento o inoculado foi associado à 5 pares de glândulas salivares de Lutzomyia longipalps. O experimento foi feito com 4 primatas, divididos em 2 grupos. No primeiro grupo (2 primatas) foi inoculado 30x106 promastigotas de L. (L) chagasi (MCAO/BR/1998M18011, estado do Maranhão) na fase estacionária de cultura, enquanto o segundo grupo (2 primatas) foi inoculado com 5 doses sucessivas do mesmo inóculo totalizando 150x106 promastigotas. As inoculações foram intradérmicas na base da cauda dos animais. A evolução da infecção foi avaliada incluindo exames clínicos, anticorpos IgG e resposta imune medida através do teste de Imunodeficiência Indireta. Os macacos inoculados com formas promastigotas associadas ou não à glândulas salivares de flebotomíneos não apresentam manifestação clínica ao longo do experimento e não demonstraram parasitas na medula óssea ou resposta imune específica. Os resultados sugerem que o Cebus apella apresenta resistência natural à infecção por L. (L.) chagasi. / In Brazil, the monkey Cebus apella has been successfully used as a model for studying cutaneous leishmaniasis. Thus, we decided to investigate its usefulness as a model for visceral leishmaniasis. For this purpose, we used 10 specimens of C. apella: 7 males and 3 females, juveniles. All were born and raised in captivity. In the first experiment was realize with 6 monkeys divided in 2 groups, in the first group with 3 monkeys was inoculated with 30 x 106 promastigotes of L. (L.) chagasi (MCAO/BR/1998/M18011, Maranhão State) from stationary phase of cultures, while in the second group with 3 monkeys was inoculated 5 doses successive with 30 x 106 promastigotes (150 x 106) of L. (L.) chagasi (MCAO/BR/1998/M18011, Maranhão State) from stationary phase of cultures. In the second experiment were used 4 monkeys, divided in 2 groups was also inoculated with five pairs of salivary glands of Lutzomyia longipalps together with parasites. In the first group with 2 monkeys was inoculated with 30 x 106 promastigotes of L. (L.) chagasi, second group with 2 monkeys was inoculated 5 doses successive with 30 x 106 promastigotes (150 x 106). The inoculations were, intradermaly, into the base of the tail of the animals. The evaluation of infections was monthly and included clinical examination, IgG antibody response (IFAT). In monkeys inoculated with promastigotes only or in those inoculated with promastigotes plus the salivary glands of the flebotominae sand fly we have till now found no clinical manifestations of infection all the experiment, neither have demonstrated parasites in the bone-marrow or specific antibody response. These results suggest that C. apella monkey is able to resist against to infection by L. (L.) chagasi.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-02-10T16:14:07Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_DistribuicaoFaunaFlebotominica.pdf: 7638458 bytes, checksum: d391d62eec3b1861e21c4fc0a8de4654 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-04-14T13:43:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_DistribuicaoFaunaFlebotominica.pdf: 7638458 bytes, checksum: d391d62eec3b1861e21c4fc0a8de4654 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-14T13:43:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertacao_DistribuicaoFaunaFlebotominica.pdf: 7638458 bytes, checksum: d391d62eec3b1861e21c4fc0a8de4654 (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Com o objetivo de se avaliar a urbanização de Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis, no município de Barcarena-Pará, Brasil, foram realizadas capturas de flebotomíneos utilizando-se armadilhas luminosas CDC. As capturas ocorreram em área de mata, borda de mata, área intermediária e área urbana. Foram capturados 5.089 espécimes de flebotomíneos, entre os anos de 2007 a 2009, pertencentes a 11 espécies. L. (L.) longipalpis foi a espécie mais abundante (95,15%) seguida de Lutzomyia (Sciopemyia) sordellii (2,06%) e de Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) flaviscutellata (1,76%). Foi observado que 88,25% dos espécimes capturados foram oriundos de área de borda de mata pertencente à invasão antiga. Contudo, o vetor do agente etiológico da Leishmaniose Visceral não foi encontrado na área urbana de Barcarena. Foi verificada a taxa de infecção natural através de análises microscópica e molecular - reação em cadeia da polimerase (polymerase chain reaction, PCR). Os resultados foram negativos para ambas as análises sugerindo baixa taxa de infecção nas áreas pesquisadas. Neste trabalho, também foi realizado um levantamento da distribuição dos casos de leishmaniose visceral no período de 2000 a 2008 no município de Barcarena. A faixa etária mais afetada foi de crianças entre 0 a 12 anos (161). O sexo masculino prevaleceu entre os indivíduos afetados sendo a diferença significativa (p < 0,05) nas faixas etárias de 13 a 58 anos sugerindo que a doença está relacionada à ocupação dos indivíduos. / The aim of this study was to verify the urbanization of Lutzomyia (Lutzomyia) longipalpis in the municipality of Barcarena-PA, Brazil. Systematic captures of phlebotomines were performed using CDC light traps. The captures were carried out in areas of forest, edge of forest, intermediate area and urban area, from 2007 to 2009. A total of 5,089 specimens belonging to eleven species were collected, with predominance of L. (L.) longipalpis (95.15%), Lutzomyia (Sciopemyia) sordellii (2.06%) and Lutzomyia (Nyssomyia) flaviscutellata (1,76%). The highest population densities (88.25%) were from edge of forest belonging to a locality occupied about ten years. However, the visceral leishmaniasis vector was not captured in urban area, suggesting it has not been urbanized in Barcarena yet. For the diagnosis of infection rate, the microscope analysis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed. The microscope and molecular analysis were negative which suggest low rate infection in the researched areas. An investigation of Visceral Leishmaniasis cases was performed in the period from 2000 to 2008 in Barcarena. The most cases of Visceral Leishmaniasis notified (161) were in the age group of 0 to 12 years old. Males were the most affected individuals (p < 0,05) in the age group of 13 to 58 years suggesting the disease is linked to type of affected individuals activity.

nÃo hà / A Anfotericina B Desoxicolato (ANB-D) à uma droga que possui a capacidade de produzir muitos efeitos adversos. à uma substÃncia fungicida de escolha no tratamento da maioria das micoses sistÃmicas e uma alternativa importante para o tratamento da leishmaniose visceral. O Instituto de DoenÃas Tropicais Natan Portela à o Ãnico hospital de referÃncia para o tratamento de doenÃas infecciosas e parasitÃrias no Estado do PiauÃ. Participa da Rede Sentinela da ANVISA, e atravÃs do Sistema de FarmacovigilÃncia, monitora o uso dos fÃrmacos notificando qualquer reaÃÃo adversa a medicamentos (RAM). Partindo desse pressuposto, realizou-se este estudo, observacional, retrospectivo e quantitativo, a partir do qual foram analisados os prontuÃrios de todos os pacientes que utilizaram o fÃrmaco no perÃodo de janeiro a marÃo de 2009, um total de 60 pacientes, considerando sempre as reaÃÃes adversas a medicamentos, as queixas tÃcnicas e as interaÃÃes medicamentosas do fÃrmaco com outros medicamentos presentes nas prescriÃÃes mÃdicas. A anÃlise estatÃstica for realizadapelo programa Stata/SE 10.0 for Windows (CollegeStation, Texas, USA). Entre os pacientes analisados no presente estudo, 63,3% eram do sexo masculino. A faixa etÃria com maior nÃmero de pacientes foi a de â41 ou mais anosâ com 36%. A patologia presente na grande parte dos pacientes em uso de ANB-D foi a Leishmaniose visceral com 75,0%. 93,3% dos pacientes analisados apresentaram RAMs e 11,7% dos pacientes foram a Ãbitos, os quais apresentaram uma mÃdia de 5,6 RAMs/paciente. Evidenciou-se o maior numero de RAMs no grupo etÃrio de â21 à 40 anosâ. 6,0 RAMs/paciente foi o nÃmero mÃdio observado nos pacientes que nÃo receberam a prÃ-medicaÃÃo. Dentre as RAMs com maior freqÃÃncia estiveram: febre (76,7%), calafrios (45,0%), vÃmitos (40,0%), tosse (27,0%) e cefalÃia (25,0%). Observou-se que em um total de 221 RAMs, houve predominÃncia de RAMs de gravidade moderada (57%). Visualizou-se que nÃo houve interaÃÃo medicamentosa dos medicamentos prescritos quando utilizados em associaÃÃo à ANB-D. A maior letalidade ocorreu em pacientes com idade de 21 a 40 anos. Pacientes com AIDS tinham idade entre 21 e 40 anos principalmente. Conclui-se, portanto, que sÃo muitas as RAMs provocadas pela ANB-D. InformaÃÃes incompletas/ou ausentes sobre RAMs registradas nos prontuÃrios mostrou que pode existir subnotificaÃÃo dessas reaÃÃes. Dentre os grupos etÃrios, os que mais sofrem com o aparecimento dessas reaÃÃes sÃo adultos jovens (entre 21 e 40 anos).Acredita-se que, a maior freqÃÃncia de RAMs nos pacientes que vieram a Ãbito pode ter contribuÃdo para o agravamento do quadro clÃnico dos mesmos. Pacientes com AIDS tinham idade entre 21 e 40 anos principalmente, esta doenÃa pode ter sido a razÃo da maior letalidade. / Amphotericin B Desoxicolate (AmB-D) is a drug that possesses the capacity to produce many adverse effects. It is a fungicide substance of choice in the treatment of the majority of the systemic mycosis and an important alternative for the treatment of visceral leishmaniosis. The institute of tropical diseases Natan Portela is the only hospital of reference for the treatment of parasite and infectious diseases in the state of PiauÃ. Participate of the sentinel web ANVISA, and through the farmacovigilance system, monitors the use of drugs notifying any adverse reaction to drugs. This observing, retrospective and quantitative study, was carried out in which the records of all the patients Who used the drug between january and march 2009, a total of 60 patients were analyzed, considering at all times adverse reactions to drugs, the technical complaints and the interactions of the drug with other drugs present in the medical prescription. The statistic analysis was carried out by the program Stata/SE 10.0 for Windows (College Station, Texas, USA). Among the patients analyzed in the present study, 63,3% were male. The age group with greater number of patients was â41 or overâ with 36%.The presnet pathology in most patients using AmB-D was visceral Leishmaniosis with 75,0%. 93,3% of the patients analyzed presented RAMs and 11,7% of the patients passed away. These patients presented an average of 5,6 RAMs/pacient. It was evident the greater number of RAMs in the age group from â21 to 40 yearsâ. 6,0 RAMs/pacient was the average number observed in the patients Who did not receive pre-medication. Among the RAMs with greater frequence were: fever (76,7%), chills (45,0%), vomit (40,0%), cough (27,0%) and headache (25,0%). It was observed that in a total of 221 RAMs, there was the predominance of RAMs of moderate seriousness (57%). It was observed that there was no drug interaction of the prescribed drugs when administered in association with AmB-D. Thegreater lethality happened in patients with age between 21 and 40 years. Patients with AIDS were aged between 21 and 40 years, mainly. It was concluded, therefore, that there are many RAMs caused by AmB-D. Incomplete or absent Information about RAMs registered in the records have shown that there may exist sub-notifications of these reactions. Among the age groups, the ones who suffers most with the appearing of these reactions are Young adults (between 21 and 40 years). It is believed that, the greater frequency of RAMs in the patients who passed away could have contributed for the worsening the clinical picture of these patients. Patients with AIDS were aged between 21 and 40 years mainly, this could have been the reason of greater lethality.