Global ETD Search

41	`Jus gladii' - the right of the sword : the trial of General Yamashita Tomoyuki De Laine, Michele L. (Michele Louise) January 1979 (has links) (PDF) Includes bibliographical references Yamashita, Tomobumi, 1885-1946 Japan. Rikugun War crime trials Philippines Manila Generals Japan World War, 1939-1945 Japan
42	Judicial creativity or justice being served ? a look at the use of joint criminal enterprise in the ICTY prosecution / Williams, Meagan. Meernik, James David, January 2008 (has links) Thesis (M.S.)--University of North Texas, Dec., 2008. / Title from title page display. Includes bibliographical references.
43	Is the R2P- principle inefficient against the Security Council’s veto system? : - China’s indoctrination camps of Uyghur and Kazakh Muslim minorities in Former East Turkestan Altay, Tansulu January 2018 (has links) During the UN World Summit 2005 all Member States of the United Nations unanimously accepted the Responsibility to protect- principle (R2P- principle), that each member state shall protect its own population from ethnic cleansing, genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity. During the set-up of the United Nations and the Security Council’s veto system in the San Francisco Conference 1945, the five permanent members of the Security Council promised that their right to veto would be used “sparingly” and in the “interest” of the world organization, to safeguard “the International peace and security”. Despite the united acceptance of the R2P- principle to avoid mass atrocities since 2005, China have been detaining up to one million Uyghur, including Kazakhs in detainment camps, in former East Turkestan since the beginning of 2018. Since the passage to invoke the R2P- principle is by the Security Council, the question arises if- the veto would serve as a deadlock on the R2P- principle if China could veto such decision. The purpose of the thesis have therefore been to analyze if the R2P- principle is inefficient against the Security Council’s veto system, by targeting China’s opportunity of vetoing the R2P- principle. The conclusion have been that the R2P- principle is inefficient against the Security Council’s veto system. This is because a permanent member can block the R2P- principle by either vetoing or double vetoing a draft resolution, which have been demonstrated by illustrating how China could veto the R2P- principle. Since the decisions of the Security Council cannot be appealed or dissent in terms of the veto card and UN Charter, it leaves the R2P- principle inefficient with a weak operational legitimacy against the Security Council’s powerful veto system, on the cost of human lives. China Xinjiang East Turkestan Uyghurs Kazakhs Responsibility to protect principle R2P- principle Ethnic cleansing Genocide Crimes against humanity War crime Atrocity crimes Human rights War on terror Muslim oppression Muslims Islam The veto Double veto Veto system Draft resolutions United Nation’s Security Council UNSC UN Charter International law International Public Law International Humanitarian law Law and Society Juridik och samhälle
44	Puritan Military Justice: American War Crimes and the Global War on Terrorism Lorenzo, Ronald 2012 May 1900 (has links) Exploring Puritanical cultural habits in the 21st century American military, the following study focuses on U.S. Army courts-martial in the Global War on Terrorism. The study uses Emile Durkheim's original sociological interpretation of crime and deviance. That interpretation is linked with responsibility as described by Durkheim's follower Paul Fauconnet in Responsibility: A Study in Sociology ([1928] 1978) and with a new cultural reading of Max Weber's The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism ([1905] 1976). The study is an inductive, descriptive examination of the Puritanical aspects of American military culture based on its treatment of acts labeled as deviant and criminal in the Global War on Terrorism. Four sets of war crimes are included in the study: Abu Ghraib (which occurred in Iraq in 2004), Operation Iron Triangle (which occurred in Iraq in 2006), the Baghdad canal killings (which occurred in Iraq in 2007), and the Maywand District killings (which occurred in Afghanistan in 2010). My data include primary data collected through participation and observation as a consultant for courts-martial related to all the cases except Abu Ghraib. Records of trial, investigation reports, charge sheets, sworn statements, and other documentation are also included in the study as secondary data sources. The study illuminates how unconscious, Puritan cultural habits color and shape both military actions and their perceptions. I explore Puritanism and its influence on military law, responsibility, revenge, "magic" (in its sociological sense), and narcissism. The study concludes with observations and recommendations for changes in U.S. military law. War Crime War Crimes Global War on Terror Global War on Terrorism Puritanism Puritan Puritans Military Justice Military Discipline Court-Martial Iraq Afghanistan Operation Iraqi Freedom Operation Enduring Freedom Military Sociology Responsibility Revenge Magic Narcissism Military Law Sociology of Religion Weber Durkheim Fauconnet Ritzer Mestrovic Erikson
45	Judicial Creativity or Justice Being Served? A Look at the Use of Joint Criminal Enterprise in the ICTY Prosecution Williams, Meagan 12 1900 (has links) The development of joint criminal enterprise at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has been controversial since the doctrine was first created in 1997. For the judgments rendered by the ICTY to be perceived as legitimate, the doctrines used to bring charges against defendants must also be perceived as legitimate. The purpose of my thesis is to study the application of joint criminal enterprise at the ICTY and examine how the doctrine has influenced the length of sentences given. I find that joint criminal enterprise may be influencing longer sentences and the three categories of joint criminal enterprise are being used differently on defendants of different power levels. By empirically analyzing the patterns developing at the ICTY, I can see how joint criminal enterprise is influencing sentencing and the fairness of trials. Joint criminal enterprise war tribunals sentencing justice ICTY International criminal courts. Yugoslav War, 1991-1995 -- Atrocities.
46	Le concept d'enfant soldat et la Cour Pénale Internationale / The concept of child soldier and the International Criminal Court La Rosa, Aurélie 21 May 2013 (has links) Depuis la fin du vingtième siècle, l’attention de la communauté internationale s’est portée sur l’utilisation de l’enfant soldat dans les conflits armés. La prolifération d’armes légères, la pauvreté et la multiplication des conflits armés non internationaux sont autant de facteurs à l’origine du phénomène. De nombreux instruments de protection des droits de l’enfant prévoient l’interdiction du recrutement et de l’utilisation d’enfants soldats dans les hostilités. Malgré les lacunes normatives qui s’en dégagent, notamment à propos de l’âge de recrutement de l’enfant soldat, d’importants efforts ont été fournis par la communauté internationale. Ces efforts vont être complétés grâce à la Cour pénale internationale, en particulier avec l’affaire Thomas Lubanga, première personne à être poursuivie devant la Cour, et sur le seul chef d’accusation de crime de guerre consistant à procéder à l’enrôlement ou la conscription d’enfants de moins de quinze ans, et à utiliser ces derniers en vue de les faire participer activement à des hostilités. Ce premier verdict historique institue une jurisprudence inédite et fondatrice en matière de crimes de guerre pour enrôlement et utilisation d’enfants soldats, dont l’héritage pourra faciliter d’autres poursuites sur le plan national. Si l’enfant soldat apparaît comme une victime, il est aussi acteur aux hostilités. Bien souvent, lorsque l’on parle du phénomène d’enfants soldats, un amalgame est opéré entre deux antonymes : victime et bourreau. Comment le droit international appréhende-t-il la responsabilité pénale de l’enfant soldat ? Assiste-t-on à la généralisation d’un statut ou à un « dénominateur commun » ? / Since the end of the 20th century, the eyes of the international community have been focused on the utilization of child soldier in armed conflicts. The proliferation of small arms and light weapons, of poverty, and especially of non international armed conflicts, are crucial factors underlying the phenomenon. Numerous rights of the child protection instruments plan the ban on recruiting and using children as soldiers in hostilities. Despite the normative gaps that emerge, regarding in particular the hiring age of the child soldier, important efforts have been provided by the whole international community. These efforts are going to be completed by the International Criminal Court, in particular with the Thomas Lubanga case, first person brought before the Court, under the unique charge of war crime, namely enlisting or conscripting children under the age of fifteen years, and using them to participate actively in hostilities. This first historical verdict sets up a novel and founding case law regarding war crimes of enlistment and use of child soldiers, which legacy may make other proceedings easier on a national level. If the child soldier appears as a victim, he is also a player in hostilities. When dealing with the child soldier phenomenon, a confusion is quite often made between two antonyms : victim and executioner. How does the international law treat the criminal liability of the child soldier ? Are we witnessing the generalization of a status or, at least, a common denominator ? Enfants soldats Cour Pénale Internationale Tribunal spécial pour la Sierra leone Crime de guerre Conscription Enrôlement Participation active aux hostilités Conflits armés internationaux Conflits armés non internationaux Crime contre l'humanité Droit international humanitaire Forces armées Groupes armés Responsabilité pénale individuelle Thomas Lubanga Child soldiers International Criminal Court Spécial Court for Sierra Leone War crime Conscription Enlistment Active participation in hostilitiess International armed conflicts Non international armed conflicts Crime against humanity International humanitarian law Armed forces Armed groups Individual criminal liability Thomas Lubanga
47	Juger les crimes contre les Juifs: des Allemands devant les tribunaux belges, 1941-1951 / Judge crimes against the Jews: German before Belgian courts, 1941-1951 Weisers, Marie-Anne 19 June 2014 (has links) La thèse porte sur le travail effectué par la justice belge, après la Seconde guerre mondiale, face aux crimes commis par les Allemands contre les Juifs. L'étude porte d'abord sur la mise en place du cadre juridique international et national. Ensuite, elle tente de montrer à travers une étude de cas comment, malgré un cadre juridique trop étroit, les juridictions militaires belges ont tenté de poursuivre et condamner les responsables allemands des persécutions raciales. / Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Histoire Sciences humaines Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) -- Belgium World War, 1939-1945 -- Jews -- Belgium War crime trials -- Belgium International crimes -- Belgium Holocauste, 1939-1945 -- Belgique Procès (Crimes de guerre) -- Belgique Droit international pénal -- Belgique Belgium -- History -- 1914-1951 Belgique -- Histoire -- 1914-1951 persécution procès nazis nazi trials génocide Shoah Holocauste crime contre l’humanité Belgique Justice
48	Transitional criminal justice in Spain Salsench Linares, Samantha 31 January 2023 (has links) Diese Arbeit befasst sich mit den Fällen von Repression, die während des Spanischen Bürgerkriegs 1936-1939 und der franquistischen Diktatur stattfanden und die seit den 2000er Jahren vor Gericht gebracht wurden. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit werden diese Fälle unter spanisches Strafrecht subsumiert. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wird untersucht, ob das vom spanischen Parlament im Oktober 1977 verabschiedete Amnestiegesetz mit den internationalen Menschenrechtsnormen vereinbar ist. Schließlich werden im dritten Teil der Arbeit die Fälle aus der Zeit des Spanischen Bürgerkriegs 1936-1939 nach internationalem Strafrecht und humanitärem Recht analysiert. / This work deals with the cases of repression that occurred during the 1936-1939 Spanish Civil War and the Francoist dictatorship and that have been brought to court since the 2000s. A first part of the work has subsumed these cases under Spanish domestic criminal law. A second part of the work examines the compliance of the amnesty law enacted by the Spanish Parliament in October 1977 with International Human Rights Law. Finally, a third part of the work analyses the cases occurred during the 1936-1939 Spanish Civil War under international criminal and humanitarian law. Spanischer Bürgerkrieg Franco Verschwinden lassen Amnestie Übergang Übergangsjustiz Legalitätsprinzip Verjährung verjährt Dauerdelikt Wahrheitsfindung Wahrheitssuche Straflosigkeit Kriegsverbrechen Verbrechen gegen die Menschlichkeit Vergangenheitsbewältigung Vergangenheitsaufarbeitung Rückwirkung rückwirkend Spanish Civil War Franco Enforced disappearance Amnesty Transition Transitional justice principle of legality limitation period Statutory limitation time-barred permanent crime continuous crime truth-telling truth-finding impunity war crime crime against humanity accountability coming to terms with the past retroactive 345 Strafrecht 341 Völkerrecht Amnistía Prescripción Desaparición forzada Delito permanente Principio de legalidad retroactividad Justicia transicional PH 6244 ddc:345 ddc:341
49	By any means necessary : an interpretive phenomenological analysis study of post 9/11 American abusive violence in Iraq Tsukayama, John K. January 2014 (has links) This study examines the phenomenon of abusive violence (AV) in the context of the American Post-9/11 Counter-terrorism and Counter-insurgency campaigns. Previous research into atrocities by states and their agents has largely come from examinations of totalitarian regimes with well-developed torture and assassination institutions. The mechanisms influencing willingness to do harm have been examined in experimental studies of obedience to authority and the influences of deindividuation, dehumanization, context and system. This study used Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to examine the lived experience of AV reported by fourteen American military and intelligence veterans. Participants were AV observers, objectors, or abusers. Subjects described why AV appeared sensible at the time, how methods of violence were selected, and what sense they made of their experiences after the fact. Accounts revealed the roles that frustration, fear, anger and mission pressure played to prompt acts of AV that ranged from the petty to heinous. Much of the AV was tied to a shift in mission view from macro strategic aims of CT and COIN to individual and small group survival. Routine hazing punishment soldiers received involving forced exercise and stress positions made similar acts inflicted on detainees unrecognizable as abusive. Overt and implied permissiveness from military superiors enabled AV extending to torture, and extra-judicial killings. Attempting to overcome feelings of vulnerability, powerlessness and rage, subjects enacted communal punishment through indiscriminate beatings and shooting. Participants committed AV to amuse themselves and humiliate their enemies; some killed detainees to force confessions from others, conceal misdeeds, and avoid routine paperwork. Participants realized that AV practices were unnecessary, counter-productive, and self-damaging. Several reduced or halted their AV as a result. The lived experience of AV left most respondents feeling guilt, shame, and inadequacy, whether they committed abuse or failed to stop it. 365

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