Актуальность работы связана с необходимостью повышения качества перевода наименований китайских блюд и развитием российско-китайских культурных связей. Цель работы—обобщить исследования, посвященные переводу и локализации наименований китайских блюд и предложить лучшие методики. Задачи исследования: 1) изучить и систематизировать исследования, посвященные переводу и локализации наименований китайских блюд; 2) разработать методику анализа сайтов российских ресторанов китайской кухни и сбора лексического материала для исследования; 3) проанализировать сайты российских китайских ресторанов и сформировать перечень наименований китайских блюд для исследования; 4) проанализировать переводы наименований китайских блюд, включенных в меню российских китайских ресторанов; 5) выявить типичные ошибки, которые допускают переводчики наименований китайских блюд на русский язык, и систематизировать их; 6) составить рекомендации по улучшению качества перевода наименований китайских блюд на русский язык. Объект исследования—наименования китайских блюд. Предмет исследования—специфика интерпретации наименований китайских блюд на русском языке. Теоретическая значимость работы заключается в обобщении критериев переводческой эквивалентности переводов наименования китайских блюд на русский язык. Основные положения, выносимые на защиту диссертации. 1. В ходе исследования обоснована необходимость повышения качества интерпретации наименований китайских блюд на русском языке. 2. Основной причиной ошибок в переводах наименований китайских блюд на русский язык является недостаточная осведомленность переводчиков о специфике образования наименований блюд в китайском языке и роли данных лексических единиц в китайской культуре. 3. Для повышения качества интерпретации наименований китайских на русском языке блюд необходимо учитывать специфику данной группы лексики, а также применять стратегии перевода и локализации. В данном исследовании используются следующие методы: 1) метод сплошной выборки, нацеленный на выделение наиболее лингвокультурологически ценных единиц; 2) метод компонентного анализа лексики; 3) сопоставительный метод, способствующий выявлению общего и специфичного в языковых картинах мира. / The relevance of the work is connected with the need to improve the quality of the translation of the names of Chinese dishes and the development of Russian-Chinese cultural ties. The purpose of the work is to summarize the research on the translation and localization of the names of Chinese dishes and to offer the best techniques. Objectives of the study: to study and systematize research on the translation and localization of the names of Chinese dishes; develop a methodology for analyzing the sites of Russian restaurants of Chinese cuisine and collecting lexical material for research; analyze the sites of Russian Chinese restaurants and form a list of names of Chinese dishes for research; analyze the translations of the names of Chinese dishes included in the menu of Russian Chinese restaurants; identify typical mistakes made by translators of the names of Chinese dishes into Russian, and systematize them; to make recommendations for improving the quality of the translation of the names of Chinese dishes in Russian. The object of study - the names of Chinese dishes. The subject of the research is the specificity of the interpretation of the names of Chinese dishes in Russian. The theoretical significance of the work is to summarize the criteria for translation equivalence of translations of the name of Chinese dishes into Russian. The main provisions for the defense of the thesis. 1) The study substantiates the need to improve the quality of interpretation of the names of Chinese dishes in Russian. 2. The main reason for errors in the translation of the names of Chinese dishes into Russian is the lack of awareness of translators about the specifics of the formation of food names in Chinese and the role of these lexical units in Chinese culture. 3. To improve the quality of interpretation of the names of Chinese dishes in Russian, it is necessary to take into account the specifics of this group of vocabulary, as well as to apply translation and localization strategies. In this study, the following methods are used: the method of continuous sampling, aimed at identifying the most linguistic and culturologically valuable units; the method of component analysis of vocabulary; a comparative method that helps to identify the general and the specific in the linguistic pictures of the world.

I läroplanen för förskolan betonas starkt att barn ska ha inflytande över sin utbildning i förskolan samt att de ska utveckla adekvat digital kompetens. Min studie syftar till att bidra med kunskaper om hur förskollärare skapar möjligheter för de yngsta barnen att få inflytande i relation till digitala redskap. Begreppet inflytande betyder att barnen ska få sina röster hörda efter intresse och behov. Inflytande skapas genom att barnen får vara med att påverka innan aktiviteten genomförs och under tiden den pågår. Jag har genomfört semistrukturerade intervjuer i två olika kommuner med fyra verksamma förskollärare. Intervjuerna har spelats in och data har transkriberats samt analyserats utifrån det sociokulturella perspektivet. Resultaten i denna studie visar hur förskollärare kan skapa möjligheter för de yngsta barnen att få inflytande i sitt användande av digitala redskap. Resultatet visar att de yngsta barnens inflytande i användandet av digitala redskap varierar utifrån aktuella sociala och fysiska förutsättningar. Utifrån de styrdokument som reglerar barns demokratiska rättigheter i förskolan, får inte alltid de yngsta barnen inflytande i användandet av digitala redskap. De begreppen som valdes ut från den sociokulturella teorin för att tolka datamaterialet och skapa förståelse är artefakter, proximal utvecklingszon och scaffolding. / The governing document for the preschool strongly emphasizes that children should have influence over their education in preschool and that they should develop adequate digital skills. My study aims to contribute knowledge about how preschool teachers create opportunities for the youngest children to gain influence in relation to digital competence. The concept of influence means that the children should have their voices heard according to interests and needs. Influence is created by the children being able to influence before the activity is conducted and during it. I have conducted semi-structured interviews in two different municipalities with four preschool teachers. The interviews have been recorded, transcribed, and analyzed based on the sociocultural theory. The result of this study shows how the preschool teachers can create possibilities for the youngest children to have influence in their use of digital tools. Based on the curriculum for the preschool and the governing documents that regulate children´s democratic rights, the youngest children do not always have an influence in the use of digital tools. The concept selected from the sociocultural theory to interpret the data and create understanding were the artefacts, the zon of proximal development and scaffolding.

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The foundation for this study is based on prior research (Sproles & Sproles, 1990) that determined that learning styles are significantly related to consumer decision-making styles. Decision making involves a process of cognitive learning. Since the study was published, other studies have investigated these consumer decision-making styles. However, no additional studies have further investigated the relationship between learning styles and consumer decision-making styles for college students, especially first-year, first semester college students. Numerous studies have documented that students enter college as consumers but may lack basic knowledge and skills to make consumer decisions and avoid potential debt. The focus of the current study was to determine whether a relationship exists between beginning college students' self-reported mind styles, consumer decision-making styles, and shopping habits. To investigate this relationship, a purposive sample was targeted consisting of first-year, first semester college students. Three instruments were administered: the Gregorc Style Delineator, the Consumer Styles Inventory, and a Demographic Survey. A Chi-Square Test of Independence showed that there is a significant relationship between gender and self-reported shopping habits. Females tend to self-report purchases of clothing more frequently than males. Males tend to self-report purchases of food away from home and gas/auto expenses more frequently than females. No significant relationship was found between students' perception of family income and self-reported shopping habits, suggesting that these students purchase consumer goods frequently regardless of their perceived family income. A Chi-Square Test of Independence also revealed a significant relationship between gender and self-reported, dominant, Gregorc mind styles. Females were more likely than males to self-report their dominant mind styles as Abstract Random. Males were more likely than females to self-report their dominant mind style as Concrete Random. Although the current study's results did not support multiple consumer decision-making styles from previous studies using the Consumer Styles Inventory, an exploratory factor analysis revealed one, overall consumer decision-making style, Recreational/Hedonistic. A Mann-Whitney Rank Sum Test showed that there is a significant relationship between gender and the Recreational/Hedonistic consumer decision-making style. Females tend to be more recreational shoppers than males. A summary, discussion of the results, and recommendations for further research, practice, policy, and families are proposed. / Ph. D.

I denna uppsats analyseras spelen Howling Dogs och 16 Ways to Kill a Vampire at McDonalds ur ett narratologiskt perspektiv. Huvuddelen av analysen fokuserar på hur hypertextens mediala förhållanden påverkar relationen mellan spelaren och narrativet samt på förhållandet mellan berättare och lyssnarinstans. Analysen baserar sig på metoder med utgångspunkt i possible worlds theory, formulerat av Alice Bell. Uppsatsen exemplifierar hur man går till väga i analys av texter med ett starkt deiktiskt förhållande mellan texten och läsaren. Syftet är att undersöka existerande metoder och att förbättra dem, tillika en, möjligtvis naiv, förhoppning om att komma ett steg närmare ett större litteraturvetenskapligt intresse gällande vad spel kan tillföra litteraturvetenskapen. / This essay contains narratological analyses of the games Howling Dogs and 16 Ways to Kill a Vampire at McDonalds. The analyses are focused on the hypertext’s medial impact on the relations between user and narrative as well as narrator and narratee. The work is based on methods using possible worlds theory, created by theorists such as Alice Bell. A main purpose here is to further exemplify how to analyze texts having a deictic effect between themselves self and their readers. The purpose here is thus to test existing methods and further develop them. This purpose is also motivated by a, possibly naïve, hope of getting one step closer to a wider acknowledgement of how games can contribute to the subject of literature.

Youth Centres such as Faure Youth Centre provide a challenge to questions such as violence and crime. This qualitative research journey started at Faure Youth Centre using narrative pastoral care and counselling and participatory action research to assist the young people there to find alternative ways of standing against violence and crime. Changing circumstances at Faure however, paved the way for the research to follow another direction. This resulted in different voices to emerge and for my family to receive an unexpected `gift' in the process. The `gift' that my pastoral care and counselling at Faure gave to my family initiated a process of change in us and transformed it into a spiralling journey of challenging patriarchal practices and finding alternative ways of living. / Practical Theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

This thesis is about a pastoral theology of participation, guided by the process of participatory action research. It explores through the lived experience of the participants practical ways of doing friendship. On this research journey, I explore the discourse of individualism and how it blinds us to our connectedness as creations in the image of God. Without denying the benefits scientific development have to offer, I argue for a more richly textured individualism, inviting concern for the consequences of our actions on the well-being of others as part of our ethical ways of being. The Fourth Century description of a Christian as `friend of God' was the inspiration for the metaphor of friendship as a powerful counterweight against the isolating forces of a culture where the distorting ideology of consumerism and individualism are prevailing. I argue for the re-membering of this metaphor for God as friend, and the church as community-of-friends. Through the telling of tales of living friendship, interwoven with and giving life to the philosophy of friendship, I build further on the metaphor for the church as community-of-friends. I propose a Friendship Position Map and the metaphor of a circle of concern, arguing that although it comes more natural to us to love those close to us, and reach out to them in friendship, in an ethical spirituality of participation and mutual care, we are to follow Jesus' example and show hospitality towards all others, including strangers and enemies. Where many authors write about the importance of community, this thesis is about how to create the nourishing community we long for. It explores practical ways in which communities can overcome obstacles in their way to connect to each other through ethical ways of loving and doing friendship. It offers some ideas about learning to be friends in the inner circles of the circle of concern with those close to us, in order to do friendship in the outer circles. I explore the role of the church and faith communities as habitat for the nurturing and/or cultivating of living friendships, in inviting faith communities to live as community-of-friends; friends of God and of one another. / Practical Theology / D.Th. - (Practical Theology--Pastoral Therapy)

In South African schools various factors influence relationships between facilitators and learners, compounding their frustrations: class sizes, cultural and language barriers, and hierarchical power/knowledge relations. These problems have led to a polarisation between facilitators and learners which could cause facilitators to experience a lack of appreciation and agency. Learners participated in this qualitative study experienced themselves as without voices, and wanted to be acknowledged as people with worthwhile knowledges of their own. This report shows how the therapist and participants engaged in a participatory process of narrative co-search during individual and group conversations where social construction of knowledges and practices of acknowledgement and care, enchanced by letters and externalising conversations, led to the co-creation of a better understanding of one another. This resulted in a more caring, supportive and acknowledging school community, where facilitators re-connected with their preferred stories, and learners found acknowledgement for their own knowledge and preferred ways of living. / Philosophy, Practical & Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Practical Theology with specialisation in Pastoral Theology)

Vis labiau akcentuojamas tikro ir teisingo vaizdo atspindėjimas finansinėse ataskaitose įpareigoja įmones kuo tiksliau pateikti finansinių ataskaitų elementus. Kiek įmanoma realesnės turto vertės reikalauja ir pagrindiniai apskaitos principai – finansinė informacija vartotojams turi būti pateikta kiek įmanoma realesnė. Netiksliai įvertinus turtą, pasekmės gali būti jaučiamos kelis laikotarpius. Todėl svarbu įmonei pasirinkti tokį įvertinimo būdą, kad apskaitoje būtų atspindimas tikras turto vaizdas ir tas vertinimo būdas būtų įmonei tinkamiausias. Tyrimo objektas – turto įvertinimo būdai apskaitoje. Šio darbo tikslas - išanalizavus turto įvertinimo būdus apskaitoje, nustatyti, kuris turto vertinimo būdas yra populiariausias ir tinkamiausias konkrečiai turto grupei smulkioje įmonėje, bei pateikti pasiūlymus, kurie patobulintų dabartinę įmonės turto įvertinimo apskaitoje tvarką. Šiam tikslui pasiekti iškelti šie svarbiausi uždaviniai:  išnagrinėti vertinimo sampratą, svarbiausius turto vertinimo tikslus ir problemas;  palyginti turto įvertinimo būdus apskaitoje pagal VAS ir TFAS;  ištirti VAS pateikiamų turto verčių nuoseklumą, kas padės sudaryti anketą;  palyginti VAS siūlomus ir praktiškai naudojamus turto įvertinimo būdus Lietuvos smulkiose įmonėse bei nustatyti buhalterių požiūrį apie įvertinimą šiose įmonėse. Šį darbą sudaro trys dalys. Teorinėje dalyje aptariamas turto vertinimas, tikslai, kurių siekia turto vertinimas, ir problemos, su... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Reflection of true and real picture in financial statements, that is more and more emphasised, commits companies to present elements of financial statements as exactly as possible. As real as possible value of assets is required by the main principles of accounting – financial information for the users has to be presented as real as possible. If assets are evaluated not exactly the consequences can be felt for several periods. Therefore for a company it is important to choose such way of valuation that the real picture of assets is reflected and this way of valuation is the most suitable for the company. The object of Work - ways of valuation of assets in accounting. The goal of Work - the analysis of the records of valuation methods, identify which valuation method is the most popular and best individual small group of property plant and submit proposals to upgrade the current enterprise valuation procedure accounted for. For this purpose the following main tasks are raised:  consider the evaluation of the concept, the main objectives of the valuation of assets and problems;  compare valuation methods of accounting under IFRS and the CPS;  CPS to investigate the consistency of reported asset values, which will help to profile;  compare CPS and suggested practical methods used in the valuation Lithuanian small businesses and the accountants' views on the evaluation of these plants. This work consists of three parts. The theoretical section... [to full text]

Ce mémoire vise à analyser l’importance du cosmopolitisme dans la pensée de Cicéron. Dans l’introduction, nous présentons d’abord une histoire de la réhabilitation de Cicéron en tant que philosophe et une chronologie de la pensée cosmopolite. La deuxième partie consiste en une analyse de trois textes de Cicéron : De Finibus, De Officiis et De Re Publica, pour trouver une réponse à notre problématique. La conclusion qui sort de cette analyse est que Cicéron a toujours effectué un compromis entre le cosmopolitisme et l’appartenance à une communauté locale, sans prendre catégoriquement un parti, même si son coeur penche davantage vers Rome. Nous avons mis en parallèle ce compromis avec l’ambiguïté de Cicéron quant à la problématique des genres de vie. Ce parallélisme montre que la tension entre cosmopolitisme et appartenance à une communauté locale n’est qu’un cas particulier d’une ambiguïté plus générale des oeuvres de Cicéron, envers la philosophie. / The goal of this thesis is to study the significance of the ideology of cosmopolitanism in Cicero’s philosophical works. In the introduction, we present a history of the rehabilitation of Cicero the philosopher and a chronology of cosmopolitan thought. In the second part we analyse three texts of Cicero: De Finibus, De Officiis and De Re Publica, in search of passages pertaining to cosmopolitanism. From this analysis, we must conclude that Cicero always compromises between cosmopolitanism and his sense of belonging to a local community, even if he is a fervent Roman patriot. Similar to this compromise is the ambiguous answer of Cicero to the problem of which is the best way of life: the political or philosophical life. This similarity informs us that the tension between cosmopolitanism and patriotism is just a special case of a more general ambiguity present in Cicero’s work, toward philosophy itself.